Horizontal directional drilling and reaming equipment

Abstract

The invention provides horizontal directional drilling and reaming equipment. The horizontal directional drilling and reaming equipment comprises a reaming bit, a negative pressure adsorption device and a slurry treatment unit, wherein the reaming bit is connected through a drill rod to form a slurry loop for high-pressure slurry to circulate; the reamer bit and the negative pressure adsorption device are sequentially connected to the drill rod in the slurry flowing direction. The reamer bit comprises a main shaft and a first righting barrel sleeving the main shaft, and the two ends of the main shaft are connected with the drill rod and the negative pressure adsorption device correspondingly; a plurality of hobs which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the main shaft are arranged on one side, far away from the negative-pressure adsorption device, of the first righting barrel; the hobs are frustum-shaped, and the tops of the hobs are arranged towards the axis of the main shaft; the hobs comprise the inner hobs and the outer hobs, and the chambering radius of the outer hobs is larger than that of the inner hobs. According to the reamer bit, the guide holes are sheared and broken through cooperation of the multiple rows of hob sets, the breaking capacity and the construction efficiency of the reamer bit are improved, one-time reaming of the guide holes is achieved, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the construction cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of horizontal directional drills, and particularly to a hole reaming device for horizontal directional drills. Background Art

[0002] During the construction process of horizontal directional drills, a pilot hole needs to be drilled first, followed by multiple reamings of the pilot hole, and finally the pipeline is pulled back. In the traditional reaming method, multiple reamings are required, and different types and sizes of reamers need to be replaced multiple times, resulting in a long construction period and high costs. In the face of the highly developed infrastructure industry today, the traditional reaming method no longer adapts to the current market environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a horizontal directional drill hole reaming device with high efficiency and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal directional drill hole reaming device, which can complete one-time reaming, has a short construction period and low costs, and can effectively reduce the loss of mud, further reducing the construction cost.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A horizontal directional drill hole reaming device includes a reaming bit, a negative pressure adsorption device, and a mud treatment unit, which are connected through drill pipes to form a mud circuit for the flow of high-pressure mud; the drill pipes are driven by a power driving device, and high-pressure mud flows through them; the reaming bit and the negative pressure adsorption device are sequentially connected to the drill pipes along the direction of mud flow; the reaming bit includes a main shaft and a first centering barrel sleeved on the main shaft, and both ends of the main shaft are respectively connected to the drill pipe and the negative pressure adsorption device; on one side of the first centering barrel away from the negative pressure adsorption device, there are several hob cutters evenly arranged around the axis of the main shaft; the hob cutters are in the shape of a truncated cone, and their tops are all arranged towards the axis of the main shaft; the hob cutters include inner hob cutters and outer hob cutters, and the reaming radius of the outer hob cutters is greater than that of the inner hob cutters; the negative pressure adsorption device includes a mud pipeline and a negative pressure chamber arranged inside the mud pipeline and communicating with the outside of the mud pipeline; both ends of the mud pipeline are respectively connected to the drill pipe and the main shaft.

[0006] Further, the first centering barrel includes a front end face arranged perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft, and the hob cutters are evenly arranged around the circumference of the front end face; the included angle between the direction of the top of the inner hob cutter facing the main shaft and the direction of mud flow is greater than the included angle between the direction of the top of the outer hob cutter facing the main shaft and the direction of mud flow; two inner hob cutters installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft form an inner hob cutter group; two outer hob cutters installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft form an outer hob cutter group; the models of the two inner hob cutters or outer hob cutters in each hob cutter group are different.

[0007] Further, the first centering barrel includes a rear end face and side plates continuously arranged around the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft; the rear end face and the front end face are parallel to each other and spaced apart; the side plates are used to connect the front end face and the rear end face, and enclose a first accommodation cavity with the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft.

[0008] Further, a number of slurry through holes are provided on the main shaft and are evenly arranged around its axis; the slurry through holes communicate with the first accommodation cavity; a number of slurry nozzles are provided on the front end face and are evenly arranged around its circumference; the slurry nozzles are spaced apart from the hob; the slurry nozzles communicate with the first accommodation cavity.

[0009] Further, a number of retracting rock wheels and reinforcing plates are provided on the rear end face and are evenly arranged around its circumference; the retracting rock wheels and the reinforcing plates are spaced apart from each other on the rear end face.

[0010] Further, a through hole with a gradually decreasing aperture in the direction of slurry flow is provided in the slurry pipeline; a diffuser pipe and a pressure increasing nozzle with a gradually decreasing inner diameter are provided in the through hole; the negative pressure chamber is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the through hole with the pressure increasing nozzle and the diffuser pipe which are sequentially spaced apart in the direction of slurry flow.

[0011] Further, the negative pressure adsorption device includes a filtering component sleeved on the slurry pipeline; the filtering component includes a filtering plate continuously arranged around the outer periphery of the slurry pipeline, and the filtering plate and the outer periphery of the slurry pipeline enclose a filtering chamber; a number of adsorption holes are provided on the slurry pipeline and are evenly arranged around its axis, and both ends of the adsorption holes are respectively communicated with the filtering chamber and the negative pressure chamber.

[0012] Further, the slurry treatment unit includes a workbench arranged on the ground and a slurry storage tank, a vacuum pumping component and a slurry discharging component installed on the workbench; the vacuum pumping component includes a vacuum pipe and a vacuum pump connected to each other; the vacuum pipe is vertically installed in the slurry storage tank, and its installation height is higher than the maximum height of the slurry in the slurry storage tank.

[0013] Further, the slurry storage tank includes a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet respectively communicated with the drill pipe; the slurry discharging component includes a slurry pump and a slurry discharging pipeline connected to each other; the slurry pump is connected to the slurry outlet through the slurry discharging pipeline; the slurry pump discharges the slurry in the slurry storage tank into the drill pipe through the slurry discharging pipeline.

[0014] As described above, the complete invention name of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. In the present invention, the setting of the multi-row hob groups on the first centering barrel, the inner and outer row hob groups respectively perform shearing and crushing, greatly improving the reaming efficiency. Cooperating with the high-power drill bit power driving device, the one-time reaming of the pilot hole can be completed, greatly shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, through the negative pressure adsorption device, the non-open circulation of the mud is realized, the amount of mud leaked from the rock fissures is reduced, the loss of the mud is decreased, and thus the construction cost is lowered. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It shows a schematic structural view of a reaming bit and a negative pressure adsorption device in a horizontal directional drilling reaming device in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It shows a front view of the mud treatment unit in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It shows a side view of a reaming bit in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A sectional view along A-A.

[0021] Figure 5 It shows a front view of the first centralizing barrel in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It shows a schematic structural view of the reaming bit from another perspective in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It shows a schematic internal structure view of the first centralizing barrel in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It shows a schematic structural view of the filter assembly in the negative pressure adsorption device in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 It shows a top view of the mud treatment unit in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 It shows Figure 9 A sectional view along line B-B.

[0027] Among them, 1. Drill pipe; 2. Reaming bit; 21. Main shaft; 211. Mud through-hole; 22. First centralizing barrel; 221. Front end face; 2211. Mud nozzle; 222. Rear end face; 223. Side plate; 224. First accommodating cavity; 225. Retracting roller cone; 226. Reinforcing plate; 23. Cutter head; 231. Inner cutter head; 2310. Inner cutter head group; 232. Outer cutter head; 2320. Outer cutter head group; 3. Negative pressure adsorption device; 31. Mud pipeline; 311. Through-hole; 312. Diffusion pipe; 313. Booster nozzle; 314. Adsorption hole; 32. Negative pressure chamber; 33. Filter assembly; 331. Filter plate; 332. Filter chamber; 4. Mud treatment unit; 41. Workbench; 42. Mud storage tank; 421. Mud inlet; 422. Mud outlet; 43. Vacuum pumping assembly; 431. Vacuum pipe; 432. Vacuum pump; 44. Mud discharging assembly; 441. Slurry pump; 442. Mud discharging pipeline. Detailed implementation manner

[0028] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 . It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limited conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have any technical essence. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope that the technical content disclosed in the present invention can cover. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope for the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope for the implementation of the present invention.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , the present invention provides a horizontal directional drilling and reaming device, including a reaming bit 2, a negative pressure adsorption device 3 and a mud treatment unit 4 which are connected through a drill pipe 1 to form a mud circuit for the flow of high-pressure mud. Specifically, the drill pipe 1 is driven by a power driving device, and high-pressure mud flows through it; the reaming bit 2 and the negative pressure adsorption device 3 are sequentially connected to the drill pipe 1 along the direction of mud flow. Preferably, the power driving device is an extended-range driving motor, and the extended-range driving motor provides torque for the rotation of the drill pipe 1.

[0031] Among them, the reaming bit 2 includes a main shaft 21 and a first centralizer barrel 22 sleeved on the main shaft 21. Both ends of the main shaft 21 are respectively connected to the drill pipe 1 and the negative pressure adsorption device 3; several hob cutters 23 are arranged on one side of the first centralizer barrel 22 away from the negative pressure adsorption device 3 at equal intervals around the axis of the main shaft 21.

[0032] Further, the hob cutter 23 is frustum-shaped, and its top is arranged towards the axis of the main shaft 21; the hob cutter 23 includes an inner hob cutter 231 and an outer hob cutter 232, and the reaming radius of the outer hob cutter 232 is larger than that of the inner hob cutter 231.

[0033] Furthermore, the negative pressure adsorption device 3 includes a mud pipeline 31 and a negative pressure chamber 32 arranged inside the mud pipeline 31 and communicating with the outside of the mud pipeline 31; both ends of the mud pipeline 31 are respectively connected to the drill pipe 1 and the main shaft 21.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, the reaming bit 2, the negative pressure adsorption device 3 and the mud treatment unit 4 connected in sequence through the drill pipe 1 form a mud circulation loop. The reaming bit 22 and the negative pressure adsorption device 33 ream the hole from the outlet of the pilot hole to the inlet of the pilot hole. The drill pipe 1 is driven by a high-power power driving device to rotate, driving the hob cutter 23 in the reaming bit 2 to shear and break the pilot hole. At the same time, the inner hob cutter 231 and the outer hob cutter 232 cooperate with each other to shear and break the pilot hole together, greatly improving the reaming efficiency.

[0035] Please continue to refer to Figures 3 to 5 , the first centralizer barrel 22 includes a front end face 221 perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft 21, and the hob cutters 23 are arranged evenly along the circumferential direction of the front end face 221 on the front end face 221.

[0036] Among them, the included angle between the direction in which the top of the inner hob cutter 231 faces the main shaft 21 and the direction of mud flow is greater than the included angle between the direction in which the top of the outer hob cutter 232 faces the main shaft 21 and the direction of mud flow; two inner hob cutters 231 installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft 21 form an inner hob cutter group 2310; two outer hob cutters 232 installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft 21 form an outer hob cutter group 2320.

[0037] Further, the models of the two inner hob cutters 231 or outer hob cutters 232 in each hob cutter group are different.

[0038] In this application, the installation angles of the hob cutters 23 in the inner and outer two rows of hob cutter groups are different, so that the maximum reaming diameter of the inner hob cutter group 2310 can reach the minimum reaming diameter of the outer hob cutter group 2320, realizing a smooth connection from the inner hob cutter group 2310 to the outer hob cutter group 2320 during the reaming process. While ensuring the reaming efficiency, the inner hob cutter group 2310 shares the reaming load of the outer hob cutter group 2320, effectively improving the stability of the reaming process.

[0039] Preferably, the models of the two hob cutters 23 in the same group are different. Different types of hob cutters 23 have different effects on the fragmentation of the guiding holes. The combination of different types of hob cutters 23 can effectively improve the reaming efficiency.

[0040] Of course, the number of rows of the hob cutter group in the embodiment of the invention is not limited. In addition to the inner and outer two-row hob cutter group arrangement in this application, the number of rows of the hob cutter group can also be increased according to the actual needs of reaming, as long as the reaming function of the reaming bit 2 is ensured.

[0041] Please continue to refer to Figures 5 to 6 , the first centralizer 22 includes a rear end face 222 and side plates 223 continuously arranged around the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 21.

[0042] Among them, the rear end face 222 and the front end face 221 are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals; the side plates 223 are used to connect the front end face 221 and the rear end face 222, and together with the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 21, they enclose a first accommodating cavity 224, and the first accommodating cavity 224 is used to accommodate mud.

[0043] The setting of the first centralizer 22 is used to support the hob cutter 23. Reinforcing ribs can also be arranged inside it to effectively improve the structural strength of the reaming bit 2 and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0044] Please continue to refer to Figure 4 , a plurality of mud through holes 211 evenly distributed around its axis are provided on the main shaft 21, and the mud through holes 211 communicate with the first accommodating cavity 224.

[0045] Furthermore, a plurality of mud nozzles 2211 evenly arranged around its circumference are provided on the front end face 221. The mud nozzles 2211 are arranged at intervals from the hob cutter 23, and the mud nozzles 2211 communicate with the first accommodating cavity 224. The mud flows through the drill pipe 1, passes through the main shaft 21, and flows into the first accommodating cavity 224 through the mud through holes 211, and finally sprays outwards from the mud nozzles 2211.

[0046] In this application, the mud sprays out from the mud nozzles 2211 to lubricate and cool the hob cutter 23, and then stays near the first centralizer 22 for a short time, and is adsorbed by the negative pressure adsorption device 3 and flows back to the negative pressure chamber 32 and then flows into the subsequent drill pipe 1, and finally returns to the mud treatment unit 4 for the next cycle.

[0047] Please continue to refer to Figure 6 , a plurality of retractable cones 225 and reinforcing plates 226 are provided on the rear end face 222 and are evenly arranged along its circumference.

[0048] Among them, the retractable cones 225 and the reinforcing plates 226 are arranged on the rear end face 222 at intervals.

[0049] The provision of the retraction cone 225 allows the reaming drill bit 2 to retract from the guide hole when encountering special circumstances during reaming, thus avoiding the problem of the reaming drill bit 2 being stuck in the guide hole and being unable to move forward or backward. At the same time, the provision of the reinforcement plate 226 further increases the structural strength of the first centralizing barrel 22, further improving its operational stability.

[0050] Please continue reading Figure 4 The mud pipe 31 is provided with a through hole 311 whose aperture gradually decreases along the direction of mud flow.

[0051] Specifically, a diffuser 312 and a gradually decreasing inner diameter booster nozzle 313 are provided in the through hole 311. The negative pressure chamber 32 is formed by the booster nozzle 313 and the diffuser 312 being sequentially arranged in the direction of slurry flow and surrounding the inner wall of the through hole 311.

[0052] The design of the booster nozzle 313 can further increase the flow rate of the mud flowing through it and form a larger pressure difference inside and outside the negative pressure chamber 32, further enhancing the suction of the mud outside the mud pipe 31, and recovering the mud retained near the first straightening barrel 22 more quickly, thereby reducing mud loss.

[0053] Please continue reading Figure 4 and Figure 8 The negative pressure adsorption device 3 includes a filter assembly 33 which is sleeved on the mud pipe 31.

[0054] Specifically, the filter assembly 33 includes filter plates 331 continuously arranged around the mud pipe 31. The filter plates 331 and the outer peripheral surface of the mud are surrounded to form a filter chamber 332.

[0055] Furthermore, two ends of the adsorption hole 314 are connected to the filter chamber 332 and the negative pressure chamber 32 respectively.

[0056] During the reaming process of the reaming drill bit 2, debris will be continuously generated. The setting of the filter plate 331 can block most of the debris outside the filter chamber 332, avoiding blockage of the mud pipe 31 and ensuring smooth flow of the mud circulation path.

[0057] Please continue reading Figure 2 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 The mud processing unit 4 includes a workbench 41 arranged on the ground, a mud storage tank 42 installed on the workbench 41 , a vacuum assembly 43 and a mud discharge assembly 44 .

[0058] The vacuum assembly 43 includes a vacuum tube 431 and a vacuum pump 432 that are connected to each other. The vacuum tube 431 is vertically installed in the slurry storage tank 42 , and its setting height is higher than the maximum height of the slurry in the slurry storage tank 42 .

[0059] The vacuum pump 432 creates negative pressure in the slurry storage tank 42 through the vacuum pipe 431, and sucks the slurry in the drill pipe 1 into the slurry storage tank 42 through the negative pressure. Therefore, the installation height of the vacuum pipe 431 should be higher than the maximum height of the slurry in the slurry storage tank 42 to prevent the slurry from pouring into the vacuum pipe 431, which may cause the vacuum pumping assembly 43 to fail.

[0060] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 10 , the slurry storage tank 42 includes a slurry inlet 421 and a slurry outlet 422 that are respectively connected to the drill pipe 1. Among them, the slurry discharging assembly 44 includes a slurry pump 441 and a slurry discharging pipe 442 that are connected to each other. After the slurry storage tank 42 is evacuated, the slurry enters from the slurry inlet 421, and when the slurry in the slurry storage tank 42 reaches the preset height, then the slurry outlet 422 is opened, and the slurry pump 441 discharges the slurry from the slurry storage tank 42 through the slurry discharging pipe 442 and enters the drill pipe 1 again to enter the next cycle.

[0061] The implementation principle of a horizontal directional drilling and reaming device in the present invention is as follows: during the horizontal directional drilling construction process, after the pilot hole drilling is completed, the drill pipe 1, the reaming bit 2, and the negative pressure adsorption device 3 perform reaming from the drilled hole of the pilot hole to the drilled-in hole of the pilot hole, and at the same time, slurry is input into the drill pipe 1, and the high-pressure slurry flows through the reaming bit 2 and the negative pressure adsorption device 3 in sequence from the drill pipe 1; during the reaming process, the drill pipe 1 drives the reaming bit 2 and the negative pressure adsorption device 3 to rotate, further driving the hob 23 on the front end face 221 to perform rotary cutting on the pilot hole, and the inner hob group 2310 and the outer hob group 2320 cooperate to shear and break the rock. A part of the slurry in the drill pipe 1 sprays out from the slurry nozzle 2211 on the front end face 221 for cooling and lubricating the bit, and the other part enters the slurry pipe 31 from the drill pipe 1; the negative pressure chamber 32 sucks the high-pressure slurry sprayed out from the slurry nozzle 2211 into the negative pressure chamber 32 through the adsorption hole 314, converges with the high-pressure slurry transmitted from the main shaft 21 in the negative pressure chamber 32, and finally discharges from the slurry pipe 31 to the subsequent drill pipe 1 and flows into the slurry treatment unit 4 along the drill pipe 1. The slurry treatment unit 4 sucks the slurry into the slurry storage tank 42 through the vacuum pumping assembly 43. When the slurry in the slurry storage tank 42 reaches the preset height, the slurry pump discharges the slurry from the slurry storage tank 42 into the drill pipe 1 through the slurry discharging pipe 442 to enter the next cycle. When the reaming bit 2 encounters special circumstances and cannot continue reaming during the reaming process, it relies on the rotation and cutting of the retractable cone 225 to take it out of the drill hole.

[0062] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal directional drilling reaming device, characterized in that, It includes a hole - enlarging bit (2), a negative - pressure adsorption device (3) and a mud treatment unit (4) which are connected through a drill pipe (1) to form a mud circuit for high - pressure mud to flow through; the drill pipe (1) is driven by a power driving device, and high - pressure mud flows through it; the hole - enlarging bit (2) and the negative - pressure adsorption device (3) are sequentially connected to the drill pipe (1) along the direction of mud flow; the hole - enlarging bit (2) includes a main shaft (21) and a first centralizer barrel (22) sleeved on the main shaft (21), and both ends of the main shaft (21) are respectively connected to the drill pipe (1) and the negative - pressure adsorption device (3); on one side of the first centralizer barrel (22) away from the negative - pressure adsorption device (3), there are several hob cutters (23) evenly arranged around the axis of the main shaft (21); the hob cutters (23) are frustum - shaped, and their tops are all arranged towards the axis of the main shaft (21); the hob cutters (23) include inner hob cutters (231) and outer hob cutters (232), and the hole - enlarging radius of the outer hob cutters (232) is larger than that of the inner hob cutters (231); the negative - pressure adsorption device (3) includes a mud pipeline (31) and a negative - pressure chamber (32) arranged inside the mud pipeline (31) and communicating with the outside of the mud pipeline (31); both ends of the mud pipeline (21) are respectively connected to the drill pipe (1) and the main shaft (21).

2. The horizontal directional drilling reaming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first centralizer barrel (22) includes a front end face (221) arranged perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft (21), and the hob cutters (23) are evenly arranged around the circumferential direction of the front end face (221); the included angle between the direction in which the top of the inner hob cutter (231) faces the main shaft (21) and the mud - flow direction is larger than the included angle between the direction in which the top of the outer hob cutter (23) faces the main shaft (21) and the mud - flow direction; two inner hob cutters (231) installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft (21) form an inner hob cutter group (2310); two outer hob cutters (232) installed along the same radial direction of the main shaft (21) form an outer hob cutter group (2320); the models of the two inner hob cutters (231) or outer hob cutters (232) in each hob cutter group are different.

3. The horizontal directional drilling reaming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first centralizer barrel (22) includes a rear end face (222) and side plates (223) continuously arranged around the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft (21); the rear end face (222) is parallel to and spaced from the front end face (221); the side plates (223) are used to connect the front end face (221) and the rear end face (222), and enclose a first accommodation cavity (224) with the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft (21).

4. The horizontal directional drilling reaming equipment according to claim 3, wherein, There are several mud through - holes (211) evenly arranged around the axis of the main shaft (21) on the main shaft (21), and the mud through - holes (211) communicate with the first accommodation cavity (224); there are several mud nozzles (2211) evenly arranged around the circumferential direction of the front end face (221) on the front end face (221), and the mud nozzles (2211) are spaced from the hob cutters (23); the mud nozzles (2211) communicate with the first accommodation cavity (224).

5. The horizontal directional drilling reaming equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, A number of retracting cones (225) and reinforcing plates (226) are provided on the rear end face (222) and are evenly arranged along its circumferential direction; the retracting cones (225) and the reinforcing plates (226) are arranged at intervals on the rear end face (222).

6. The horizontal directional drilling reaming equipment according to claim 2, wherein A through hole (311) with a gradually decreasing aperture along the direction of mud flow is provided in the mud pipeline (31); a diffuser pipe (312) and a pressure increasing nozzle (313) with a gradually decreasing inner diameter are provided in the through hole (311); the negative pressure chamber (32) is formed by enclosing the pressure increasing nozzle (313) and the diffuser pipe (312) which are arranged at intervals in sequence along the direction of mud flow and the inner wall of the through hole (311).

7. The horizontal directional drilling reaming device according to claim 6, wherein, The negative pressure adsorption device (3) includes a filtering component (33) sleeved on the mud pipeline (31); the filtering component (33) includes a filter plate (331) continuously arranged around the outer circumference of the mud pipeline (31), and the filter plate (331) and the outer circumference of the mud pipeline (31) enclose a filtering chamber (332); a number of adsorption holes (314) evenly arranged around its axis are provided on the mud pipeline (31), and both ends of the adsorption holes (314) are respectively communicated with the filtering chamber (332) and the negative pressure chamber (32).

8. A horizontal directional drilling reaming device according to claim 1, wherein, The mud treatment unit (4) includes a workbench (41) arranged on the ground and a slurry storage tank (42), a vacuum pumping component (43) and a slurry discharging component (44) installed on the workbench (41); the vacuum pumping component (43) includes a vacuum pipe (431) and a vacuum pump (432) which are connected to each other; the vacuum pipe (431) is vertically installed in the slurry storage tank (42), and its installation height is higher than the maximum height of the mud in the slurry storage tank (42).

9. The horizontal directional drilling reaming device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The slurry storage tank (42) includes a mud inlet (421) and a mud outlet (422) respectively communicated with the drill pipe (1); the slurry discharging component (44) includes a slurry pump (441) and a slurry discharging pipeline (442) which are connected to each other; the slurry pump (441) is connected to the mud outlet (422) through the slurry discharging pipeline (442); the slurry pump (441) discharges the mud in the slurry storage tank (42) into the drill pipe (1) through the slurry discharging pipeline (442).

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