Optical component measurement and alignment tool for ship clutch shafts

Abstract

The present invention discloses an optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft, relating to the technical field of centering measurement tools. The tool comprises a fixing portion, a shaft fixing assembly and a laser detection assembly. A mounting groove is provided on the surface of the fixing portion. In cooperation with the laser detection assembly, a Helmholtz coil generates a uniform magnetic field to drive a magnetic needle for orientation. The verticality error between a reflector and the axis of the magnetic needle is small, providing a dynamic vertical reference for the laser beam and solving the reference drift problem caused by ship vibration and shaft system tilt. The laser beam is converted into parallel light by a collimating lens, so that the optical axis coincidence error is low. Subsequently, with the cooperation of a pneumatic hinge and a vertical screw guide rail, the initial alignment of the laser beam is completed in a very short time, and the light spot is refined, which effectively improves the efficiency compared with manual adjustment. In addition, the reflector synchronously adjusts the reflection angle to ensure that the laser beam is always perpendicular to the shaft surface, avoiding the physical contact error of traditional contact measurement and improving the measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of centering measurement tools, in particular to an optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft. Background Art

[0002] In ship production, the clutch shaft and the shaft-driven generator shaft need to be aligned and bored. Usually, a dial indicator is used for alignment and calibration. The dial indicator is a universal length measuring tool made of a precision rack and pinion mechanism. The measuring dial is located at the end of the measuring rod, which extends into the dial through the measuring rod sleeve. The measuring rod sleeve is connected to other stable clamping mechanisms.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the Chinese patent application publication number: CN109458892B "A ship clutch shaft and shaft-driven generator shaft alignment measurement tool", which includes a bracket and a dial indicator. The bracket includes a fixing portion for fixing the dial indicator measuring rod sleeve, and a supporting portion that cooperates with the surface of the shaft-driven generator shaft. The length of the supporting portion is less than the length of the generator shaft, and the fixing portion is slidably connected to the supporting portion. When in use, first adjust the position between the fixing part and the supporting part according to the distance between the clutch flange brake disc and the top end of the clutch shaft, fix the slot of the supporting part to the surface of the shaft-belt generator shaft, and then connect and fix the measuring rod sleeve of the dial indicator to the fixing part, so that the end of the measuring rod of the dial indicator is against the surface of the clutch shaft, adjust the dial indicator to zero, and then move on the surface of the shaft-belt generator shaft respectively to measure the left, right and bottom data. This device fits the support part with the surface of the generator shaft, so that the dial indicator is stably fixed, the end of the measuring rod of the dial indicator is in contact with the shaft surface, and the generator shaft surface is used as a reference plane for measurement; the fixing part is slidably connected to the supporting part, and the protruding length of the fixing part can be adjusted at will to suit different measurement environments; the length of the supporting part is less than the length of the shaft, so that the supporting part will not affect the measurement accuracy.

[0004] However, in the actual alignment measurement process, manual zeroing and reading of the dial indicator are mostly relied upon, which is significantly affected by the operator's experience. A single measurement takes a long time, and the dial indicator measuring rod needs to contact the shaft surface. The contact point may be offset due to surface roughness, especially in the narrow space near the brake disc, which is difficult to accurately locate. The current method is to replace the dial indicator with a laser, which can make the laser beam vertically aligned with the clutch shaft surface to avoid physical contact with the brake disc. However, during laser beam measurement, since the verticality of the laser beam depends on mechanical leveling (such as a spirit level and a gimbal), in the scenario of ship vibration and shaft tilt, the calibration error drifts over time, resulting in large distance measurement deviations. In addition, the ship clutch shaft and shaft-driven generator shaft alloys are mostly made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., which are non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces, resulting in low laser reflectivity, large rangefinder signal noise, and repeatability errors, which cannot meet the ship shaft alignment accuracy requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft, so as to solve the problem proposed in the above-mentioned background technology that when measuring with a laser beam, the verticality of the laser beam depends on mechanical leveling (such as a spirit level or a pan / tilt table). In the scenario of ship vibration and shaft tilt, the calibration error drifts over time, resulting in large ranging deviations. In addition, the alloys of the ship clutch shaft and the shaft-driven generator shaft are mostly made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., which have non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces, resulting in low laser reflectivity, large rangefinder signal noise, repeatability errors, and thus failure to meet the ship shaft alignment accuracy requirements.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft, comprising a fixing portion, a shaft fixing assembly, and a laser detection assembly. The fixing portion has a mounting groove formed on its surface, the shaft fixing assembly is mounted within the mounting groove, and the shaft fixing assembly is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes. The laser detection assembly is mounted on the side of the fixing portion to improve the accuracy of laser measurement.

[0007] The shaft fixing assembly includes at least three elastic resisting members evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the outer portion of the elastic resisting member is sleeved with a gear member;

[0008] The laser detection assembly includes a laser emitting end, a collimating lens, an angle adjustment mechanism, a receiving lens, a suspension cavity and a Helmholtz coil. The laser emitting end is mounted on the side of the fixed part through the angle adjustment mechanism. The receiving lens and the collimating lens are arranged 180° opposite each other and installed inside the laser emitting end. The optical axis coincidence error between the two is low. The angle adjustment mechanism includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjustment structure to achieve overall ±45° pitch angle adjustment and axial horizontal stability of the laser emitting end. The Helmholtz coil is symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity with a spacing equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coil, and generates a uniform magnetic field. A magnetic needle is installed inside the suspension cavity, and a reflector is installed on the top surface of the magnetic needle.

[0009] Preferably, a ceramic shaft tip is installed at the bottom of the magnetic needle, and the magnetic needle is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip and can rotate freely around the axial direction of the ceramic shaft tip. The reflector is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle. A photodetector is installed at the front end of the laser emitting end. A signal processing board is installed on the side of the suspension cavity. A magnetometer chip is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board to ensure the accuracy of the magnetic field strength measurement.

[0010] Preferably, a beam channel is installed inside the laser emitting end, and a refractor is installed inside the laser emitting end. The beam channel, refractor, collimating lens, reflector and receiving lens form an optical path in sequence. A vertical screw guide rail is installed at the side end of the angle adjustment mechanism, and a sliding positioning seat is slidably connected to the outside of the vertical screw guide rail. The sliding positioning seat and the laser emitting end are installed.

[0011] Preferably, there are three gear parts, and axial mounting sleeves are installed on the inner sides of the three gear parts. Mounting connectors are installed on the outer circumference of the axial mounting sleeves. The mounting connectors are connected to the inner wall surface of the mounting groove. Rotating gear sleeves are symmetrically installed on the top and bottom ends of the axial mounting sleeves. The rotating gear sleeves are meshed with the gear parts and are used to drive the elastic resistance parts to spirally extend and retract through the rotation of the gear parts.

[0012] Preferably, a worm wheel edge is installed at the top end of the rotating gear sleeve, a side end of the worm wheel edge is meshedly connected with a worm, and a servo motor is installed at the side end of the worm.

[0013] Preferably, an electromagnetic blocker and a pulley structure are respectively installed on the outside of the connection end of the worm and the servo motor.

[0014] Preferably, optical fiber refractive index sensors are symmetrically installed on the two side surfaces of the top of the fixed part, an angle circumferential adjustment structure is installed on the surface of the fixed part, and an axis contact assembly is installed on the side end of the angle circumferential adjustment structure. The angle circumferential adjustment structure has the same structure as the angle adjustment mechanism, and the angle circumferential adjustment structure realizes an overall ±45° pitch angle adjustment and a 360° circumferential angle adjustment.

[0015] Preferably, the mid-shaft contact assembly includes a connecting frame, a side wall surface of the connecting frame is symmetrically provided with displacement rails, and a surface of the connecting frame is provided with a pneumatic distance adjustment structure.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure is connected to a displacement frame, the displacement frame is slidably connected on the displacement rail, the side end of the displacement frame is provided with a centering gas rod structure, the center end of the displacement frame is connected to a universal rod, and the left and right side ends of the universal rod are provided with clamping calibration frames.

[0017] Preferably, a central laser calibration sensor is installed on the surface of the clamping calibration frame, and the centering gas rod structure drives the clamping calibration frame and the central laser calibration sensor to slide toward each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the present invention, by cooperating with the laser detection component, the Helmholtz coil generates a uniform magnetic field to drive the magnetic needle to orient. The vertical error between the reflector and the magnetic needle axis is small, providing a dynamic vertical reference for the laser beam, replacing the traditional method that relies on mechanical leveling, and solving the reference drift problem caused by ship vibration and shaft tilt. The laser beam is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens, so that the optical axis coincidence error is low. Combined with the fusion algorithm of the photoelectric detector and the magnetometer chip, the measurement error is reduced in vibration, temperature and humidity environments, and the accuracy is improved by 10% compared with the traditional dial indicator or laser ranging. times the accuracy, and then using the pneumatic hinge (±45° coarse adjustment) in conjunction with the vertical lead screw guide rail, the initial alignment of the laser beam is completed in a very short time, and the light spot is refined, which effectively improves the efficiency compared to manual adjustment. For non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy, the high reflectivity design of the reflector and Kalman filter noise reduction solve the problem of low reflectivity of traditional lasers. Then, the magnetic needle is suspended through the ceramic shaft tip, responding to magnetic field changes extremely quickly, tracking the vibration posture of the shaft system in real time, and the reflector synchronously adjusts the reflection angle to ensure that the laser beam is always perpendicular to the shaft surface, avoiding the physical contact error of traditional contact measurement (such as dial indicator) and improving measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main body separation structure of the optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft contact assembly of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the optical fiber refractive index sensor of the optical component measurement and alignment tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft fixing assembly of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the laser detection component of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a laser detection component of an optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 The optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0028] In the figure: 100, fixing part; 200, angle and circumference adjustment structure; 300, shaft contact assembly; 301, connecting frame; 302, displacement rail; 303, pneumatic distance adjustment structure; 304, centering gas rod structure; 305, universal rod; 306, clamping calibration frame; 307, center laser calibration sensor; 400, fiber optic refractive index sensor; 500, mounting groove; 600, shaft fixing assembly; 601, axial mounting sleeve; 602, gear member; 603, elastic member; 604, rotating gear sleeve; 605, worm gear edge; 607, Worm; 608, servo motor; 609, electromagnetic blocker; 610, pulley structure; 700, laser detection component; 701, angle adjustment mechanism; 702, vertical screw guide; 703, laser emitting end; 704, sliding positioning seat; 705, refractor; 706, Helmholtz coil; 707, ceramic shaft tip; 708, magnetic needle; 709, reflector; 710, collimating lens; 711, light beam channel; 712, receiving lens; 713, photodetector; 714, signal processing board; 715, magnetometer chip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] According to existing solutions and technologies, traditional ship clutch shaft alignment tools have the following problems:

[0031] 1. Relying on a mechanical dial indicator or single laser measurement, it is greatly affected by environmental vibration and temperature changes, resulting in large measurement errors and unable to meet the requirements of high-end ship shafting installation;

[0032] 2. It is impossible to quickly adapt to clutch shafts of different diameters (traditional fixtures need to be frequently replaced), and there are large deviations in the measurement of tilted shafts;

[0033] 3. Manually adjusting the optical axis and fixing mechanism is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The alignment time of a single shaft system is long, which affects the ship construction cycle.

[0034] 4. In the vibration environment of the ship, the mechanical fixation is easy to loosen, the optical system has poor stability, and repeated calibration is required.

[0035] The present invention solves the shortcomings of existing alignment tools in terms of accuracy, adaptability, efficiency and reliability by combining high-precision optical measurement technology, adaptive fixing mechanism and intelligent compensation algorithm, and realizes fast and accurate alignment of ship clutch shaft.

[0036] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a technical solution. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: An optical element measurement and alignment tool for ship clutch shafts includes a fixing part 100, a shaft fixing assembly 600 and a laser detection assembly 700. A mounting groove 500 is provided on the surface of the fixing part 100, and the shaft fixing assembly 600 is installed inside the mounting groove 500. The shaft fixing assembly 600 is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes. The laser detection assembly 700 is installed on the side of the fixing part 100 to improve the accuracy of laser measurement.

[0037] Specifically: align the annular mounting groove 500 of the fixing part 100 with the end to be measured of the ship clutch shaft, install the shaft fixing assembly 600 through the mounting groove 500, and use the shaft fixing assembly 600 to fix the axis of the ship clutch shaft to ensure that the central axis of the shaft fixing assembly 600 is coaxial with the ship clutch shaft, and then start the laser detection assembly 700 to enable the laser detection assembly 700 to perform laser measurement and centering adjustment on the fixed ship clutch shaft.

[0038] In some embodiments, according to Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the laser detection assembly 700 includes a laser emitting end 703, a collimating lens 710, an angle adjustment mechanism 701, a receiving lens 712, a suspension cavity and a Helmholtz coil 706. The laser emitting end 703 is mounted on the side of the fixed part 100 through the angle adjustment mechanism 701. The receiving lens 712 and the collimating lens 710 are arranged 180° opposite each other and are installed inside the laser emitting end 703. The optical axis coincidence error between the two is low. The angle adjustment mechanism 701 includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjustment structure to achieve an overall pitch angle adjustment of ±45° and axial horizontal stability of the laser emitting end 703. The Helmholtz coil 706 is symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity, with a spacing equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coil 706, and generates a uniform magnetic field. A magnetic needle 708 is installed inside the suspension cavity, and a reflector 709 is installed on the top surface of the magnetic needle 708.

[0039] A ceramic shaft tip 707 is installed at the bottom of the magnetic needle 708, and the magnetic needle 708 is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip 707, and can rotate freely around the axis of the ceramic shaft tip 707. The reflector 709 is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle 708. A photodetector 713 is installed at the front end of the laser emitting end 703, and a signal processing board 714 is installed on the side of the suspension cavity. A magnetometer chip 715 is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board 714 to ensure the accuracy of the magnetic field strength measurement.

[0040] A beam channel 711 is installed inside the laser emitting end 703, and a refractor 705 is installed inside the laser emitting end 703. The beam channel 711, the refractor 705, the collimating lens 710, the reflector 709 and the receiving lens 712 form an optical path in sequence. A vertical screw guide rail 702 is installed at the side end of the angle adjustment mechanism 701, and the external sliding connection of the vertical screw guide rail 702 is connected to a sliding positioning seat 704. The sliding positioning seat 704 and the laser emitting end 703 are installed.

[0041] More specifically: through the pneumatic hinge structure of the angle adjustment mechanism 701, the laser emitting end 703 is roughly adjusted to an initial pitch angle within the range of ±45° with respect to the central axis of the fixing part 100, ensuring that the laser beam is roughly directed toward the direction of the ship's clutch axis.

[0042] The laser beam is emitted from the beam channel 711 inside the laser emitting end 703. After the path is adjusted by the refractor 705, it is converted into a parallel beam through the collimating lens 710. At this time, the axis of the beam is initially aligned with the optical axis of the receiving lens 712. Then, the Helmholtz coil 706 is powered on. Due to its symmetrical layout with the spacing between the top and bottom coils equal to the radius, a uniform axial magnetic field is generated. At this time, the magnetic needle 708 in the suspension cavity is freely rotated and oriented by the ceramic shaft tip 707 under the influence of the magnetic field until its axis is completely aligned with the direction of the magnetic field. The collimated laser beam is then perpendicularly irradiated to the center of the reflector 709, and after being reflected by the mirror, it passes through the collimating lens 71 in the opposite direction. 0, returns along the original optical path to the receiving lens 712 inside the laser emitting end 703, and then the receiving lens 712 focuses the reflected light beam onto the surface of the photodetector 713 to form a light spot. At this time, if there is an angular deviation or displacement of the ship's clutch shaft, the tilt of the reflector 709 will cause the light spot to deviate on the photodetector 713. The reflector 709 at the top of the magnetic needle 708 is strictly perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle 708 after being oriented with the magnetic needle 708, providing an accurate vertical reflection reference for the laser beam, and the photodetector 713 monitors the light spot position in real time, and calculates the vertical deviation of the laser beam through the light spot offset. For example, if the light spot offset is 1mm, the corresponding The angular deviation of the shaft system is about 0.017° (calculated based on a measurement distance of 300mm). Then, the magnetometer chip 715 on the signal processing board 714 synchronously collects the three-dimensional attitude data of the magnetic needle 708, monitors the fluctuation of the magnetic field intensity, and is used to compensate for the influence of the environmental magnetic field interference on the measurement. The signal processing board 714 uses a built-in algorithm to fuse the optical offset data with the magnetic field attitude data to eliminate errors caused by ship vibration or temperature changes. If the photodetector 713 detects that the light spot offset exceeds a threshold value (such as ±0.1mm), the vertical screw guide rail 702 of the angle adjustment mechanism 701 is activated, driving the sliding positioning seat 704 along the vertical screw guide rail 70 2 moves up and down, driving the laser emitting end 703 to translate axially until the light spot returns to the center. The pneumatic hinge structure and the electric fine-tuning mechanism work together. The pneumatic hinge quickly adjusts the pitch angle to a coarse adjustment position within the range of ±5°, causing the vertical screw guide rail 702 to rotate slightly. In conjunction with the adjustment of the angle adjustment mechanism 701, the pitch angle of the laser beam can be accurately corrected to minimize the parallelism error between the optical axis and the axis of the ship's clutch shaft. During the measurement process, when the ship's shaft system vibrates in real time, the magnetic needle 708 swings slightly with the vibration, and the reflector 709 synchronously adjusts the reflection angle to ensure that the laser beam is always perpendicular to the current posture of the shaft system, effectively improving the measurement accuracy.

[0043] In some embodiments, according to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the shaft fixing assembly 600 includes at least three elastic resisting members 603 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the gear member 602 is sleeved on the outer portion of the elastic resisting member 603 .

[0044] There are three gear parts 602, and an axial mounting sleeve 601 is installed on the inner side of the three gear parts 602. A mounting connector is installed on the outer circumference of the axial mounting sleeve 601. The mounting connector is connected to the inner wall surface of the mounting groove 500. Rotating gear sleeves 604 are symmetrically installed on the top and bottom ends of the axial mounting sleeve 601. The rotating gear sleeve 604 and the gear part 602 are meshed and connected, and are used to drive the elastic resistance part 603 to spirally extend and retract through the rotation of the gear part 602.

[0045] A worm gear edge 605 is installed at the top end of the rotating gear sleeve 604 . A worm 607 is meshedly connected to the side end of the worm gear edge 605 . A servo motor 608 is installed at the side end of the worm 607 .

[0046] An electromagnetic blocker 609 and a pulley structure 610 are respectively installed on the outside of the connection end of the worm 607 and the servo motor 608.

[0047] To be more specific: the axial mounting sleeve 601 is fixed to the inner wall of the mounting groove 500 of the fixing part 100 through the mounting connector, ensuring that the central axis of the axial mounting sleeve 601 is coaxial with the mounting groove 500. At this time, the three gear members 602 are symmetrically sleeved on the outside of the elastic resisting member 603 and mesh with the rotating gear sleeves 604 at both ends of the axial mounting sleeve 601. Then, according to the estimated diameter of the clutch shaft of the ship to be fixed, the number of rotations and the torque threshold of the servo motor 608 are preset through the external PLC controller. At the same time, the electromagnetic blocker 609 is in the unlocked state, allowing the worm 607 to rotate freely. The servo motor 608 is then started to rotate forward, driving the worm 607 to rotate. The worm 607 engages with the worm wheel edge 605, driving the rotating gear sleeve 604 to rotate, thereby driving the gear member 602 to rotate in the circumferential direction. The gear member 602 is driven by a thread to move the elastic resisting member 603 radially outward, forming an expansion space with a diameter larger than the shaft diameter, which is convenient for inserting the ship clutch shaft. The ship clutch shaft is then aligned with the axial mounting sleeve 601 and slowly pushed in. The servo motor 608 then rotates in the reverse direction, causing the worm 607 to rotate and drive the worm wheel edge 605 to rotate, thereby driving the driving gear 602 to rotate in the circumferential direction. The movable gear sleeve 604 rotates, and the gear part 602 drives the elastic resisting part 603 to shrink synchronously, until the arc-shaped rubber pad and the built-in pressure sensor on the side of the elastic resisting part 603 are evenly fitted to the shaft surface. During this process, the pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure in real time. When the three elastic resisting parts 603 reach the preset value (such as 300N), the servo motor 608 stops rotating. After the servo motor 608 stops, the electromagnetic blocker 609 is immediately energized to lock the worm 607 to prevent the gear part 602 from rotating in the opposite direction due to the vibration of the ship. At the same time, the damping characteristics of the pulley structure 610 are improved. The residual vibration energy is absorbed in one step to ensure the stability of the fixed state. At this time, the coaxiality error between the shaft fixing component 600 and the ship clutch shaft is low. When disassembling, the electromagnetic blocker 609 is powered off to release the worm 607, the servo motor 608 rotates forward, and the elastic resistance member 603 expands outward again to release the clamping force on the shaft. If shafts of different sizes need to be fixed, the rotation of the servo motor 608 is reset through the external PLC controller, and the above fixing process is repeated, so that the rotating gear sleeve 604, the gear part 602 and the elastic resistance member 603 can ensure the adjustment accuracy and can adapt to the effective shaft diameter range.

[0048] In some embodiments, according to Figures 1-4 As shown, optical fiber refractive index sensors 400 are symmetrically installed on the two side surfaces of the top of the fixing part 100, an angle circumference adjustment structure 200 is installed on the surface of the fixing part 100, and an axis contact assembly 300 is installed on the side end of the angle circumference adjustment structure 200. The angle circumference adjustment structure 200 has the same structure as the angle adjustment mechanism 701, and the angle circumference adjustment structure 200 realizes an overall pitch angle adjustment of ±45° and a circumferential angle adjustment of 360°.

[0049] The mid-shaft contact assembly 300 includes a connecting frame 301 , a sidewall surface of which is symmetrically provided with displacement rails 302 , and a surface of the connecting frame 301 is provided with a pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 .

[0050] The bottom of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 is connected to a displacement frame, which is slidably connected on the displacement rail 302. A centering gas rod structure 304 is installed on the side end of the displacement frame. The center end of the displacement frame is connected to a universal rod 305, and the left and right ends of the universal rod 305 are equipped with clamping calibration frames 306.

[0051] A central laser calibration sensor 307 is installed on the surface of the clamping calibration frame 306, and the centering gas rod structure 304 drives the clamping calibration frame 306 and the central laser calibration sensor 307 to slide toward each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

[0052] To be more specific: in the above-mentioned measurement process, the fiber optic refractive index sensors 400 on both sides of the top of the fixing part 100 are started, so that the fiber optic refractive index sensors 400 are automatically calibrated for zero point through the built-in standard refractive index sample, and then the angle circumference adjustment structure 200 is preliminarily adjusted to a pitch angle of ±10° with the central axis of the fixing part 100 through the pneumatic hinge structure, and at the same time rotated to the initial circumference angle (such as 0°) to provide a reference for the subsequent positioning of the contact component, and then according to the estimated diameter of the ship's clutch shaft, the telescopic stroke of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 is preset, and the initial spacing of the centering air rod structure 304 is adjusted to a distance greater than the shaft diameter to facilitate the insertion of the shaft body. At this time, during the operation, the fiber optic refractive index sensor 400 monitors the changes in environmental temperature and humidity in real time, and transmits the data to the external PLC controller.

[0053] The external PLC controller automatically fine-tunes the optical path compensation parameters of the laser detection component 700 according to the change in refractive index to ensure that the error of the laser beam propagation path is small, and quickly adjusts the shaft contact component 300 to the target pitch angle (within the range of ±45°) and circumferential angle (any position in 360°) through the pneumatic hinge of the angle and circumference adjustment structure 200, so that the clamping calibration frame 306 is roughly aligned with the end to be measured of the ship clutch shaft, and fine-tunes the angle and circumference adjustment structure 200. At the same time, the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 drives the displacement frame to slide along the displacement rail 302 to reduce the distance between the clamping calibration frame 306 and the shaft surface. After that, the central laser calibration sensor 307 on the clamping calibration frame 306 emits a cross laser beam to illuminate the shaft end surface. When the shaft is eccentric or has an angular deviation, the cross spot formed by the laser beam on the shaft surface will deviate from the center. The centering gas rod structure 304 drives the clamping calibration frames 306 on both sides to slide toward each other according to the spot offset data fed back by the central laser calibration sensor 307. For example, when a horizontal offset is detected, the centering gas rod structure 304 is precisely adjusted until the laser spot completely overlaps with the center of the shaft to achieve precise coaxial alignment. The universal rod 305 allows the clamping calibration frames 306 to slide toward each other on the surface of the displacement frame, and is detected in real time by the central laser calibration sensor 307. When the shaft vibrates, the universal rod 305 absorbs the displacement through the elastic joint to ensure that the relative position of the central laser calibration sensor 307 and the shaft surface is stable. After that, the external PLC controller continuously monitors the data of the central laser calibration sensor 307, and then adjusts the centering gas rod structure 304 in real time to achieve continuous and precise alignment in a dynamic environment.

[0054] The wiring diagram of the central laser calibration sensor 307, optical fiber refractive index sensor 400, electromagnetic blocker 609, photoelectric detector 713, magnetometer chip 715 and pressure sensor in the present invention is common knowledge in the field, and its working principle is a well-known technology. The model is selected according to the actual use, so the control method and wiring layout of the central laser calibration sensor 307, optical fiber refractive index sensor 400, electromagnetic blocker 609, photoelectric detector 713, magnetometer chip 715 and pressure sensor are no longer explained in detail.

[0055] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Optical element measurement and alignment tool for ship clutch shaft, characterized by: The invention comprises a fixing portion (100), a shaft fixing assembly (600) and a laser detection assembly (700), wherein a mounting groove (500) is provided on the surface of the fixing portion (100), the shaft fixing assembly (600) is installed inside the mounting groove (500), and the shaft fixing assembly (600) is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes. The laser detection assembly (700) is installed on the side of the fixing portion (100) and is used to improve the accuracy of laser measurement; The shaft fixing assembly (600) comprises at least three elastic resisting members (603) uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the outer portion of the elastic resisting member (603) is provided with a gear member (602); The laser detection assembly (700) includes a laser emitting end (703), a collimating lens (710), an angle adjustment mechanism (701), a receiving lens (712), a suspension cavity and a Helmholtz coil (706). The laser emitting end (703) is mounted on the side of the fixing portion (100) via the angle adjustment mechanism (701). The receiving lens (712) and the collimating lens (710) are arranged 180° opposite to each other and are mounted inside the laser emitting end (703). The optical axis coincidence error of the two is low. The angle adjustment mechanism (701) includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjustment structure to achieve an overall ±45 The invention provides a pitch angle adjustment of 1.5° and axial horizontal stability of the laser emitting end (703), wherein the Helmholtz coils (706) are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity, with a spacing equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coils (706), and generate a uniform magnetic field, and a magnetic needle (708) is arranged inside the suspension cavity, and a reflector (709) is arranged on the top surface of the magnetic needle (708).

2. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ceramic shaft tip (707) is installed at the bottom of the magnetic needle (708), and the magnetic needle (708) is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip (707) and can freely rotate around the axial direction of the ceramic shaft tip (707). The reflector (709) is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle (708). A photodetector (713) is installed at the front end of the laser emitting end (703). A signal processing board (714) is installed on the side of the suspension cavity. A magnetometer chip (715) is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board (714) to ensure the accuracy of magnetic field intensity measurement.

3. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A beam channel (711) is installed inside the laser emitting end (703), and a refractor (705) is installed inside the laser emitting end (703). The beam channel (711), the refractor (705), the collimating lens (710), the reflector (709) and the receiving lens (712) sequentially form an optical path. A vertical screw guide rail (702) is installed at the side end of the angle adjustment mechanism (701), and a sliding positioning seat (704) is slidably connected to the outside of the vertical screw guide rail (702). The sliding positioning seat (704) and the laser emitting end (703) are installed.

4. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear members (602) are provided in three numbers, and an axial mounting sleeve (601) is provided on the inner side of the three gear members (602). A mounting connector is provided on the outer circumference of the axial mounting sleeve (601), and the mounting connector is connected to the inner wall surface of the mounting groove (500). Rotating gear sleeves (604) are symmetrically provided on the top and bottom ends of the axial mounting sleeve (601). The rotating gear sleeve (604) and the gear member (602) are meshed and connected, and are used to drive the elastic resisting member (603) to spirally expand and contract through the rotation of the gear member (602).

5. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: A worm wheel edge (605) is installed at the top end of the rotating gear sleeve (604), a worm (607) is meshedly connected to the side end of the worm wheel edge (605), and a servo motor (608) is installed at the side end of the worm (607).

6. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: An electromagnetic blocker (609) and a pulley structure (610) are respectively installed on the outside of the connection ends of the worm (607) and the servo motor (608).

7. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fiber optic refractive index sensors (400) are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the top surface of the fixing portion (100), an angle circumference adjustment structure (200) is mounted on the surface of the fixing portion (100), and an axis contact assembly (300) is mounted on the side end of the angle circumference adjustment structure (200). The angle circumference adjustment structure (200) and the angle adjustment mechanism (701) have the same structure, and the angle circumference adjustment structure (200) realizes an overall pitch angle adjustment of ±45° and a circumferential angle adjustment of 360°.

8. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mid-shaft contact assembly (300) comprises a connecting frame (301), a side wall surface of the connecting frame (301) is symmetrically provided with displacement rails (302), and a surface of the connecting frame (301) is provided with a pneumatic distance adjustment structure (303).

9. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the pneumatic pitch adjustment structure (303) is connected to a displacement frame, the displacement frame is slidably connected to the displacement rail (302), a centering gas rod structure (304) is installed at the side end of the displacement frame, a universal rod (305) is connected to the center end of the displacement frame, and a clamping calibration frame (306) is installed at the left and right ends of the universal rod (305).

10. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: A central laser calibration sensor (307) is installed on the surface of the clamping calibration frame (306), and the centering gas rod structure (304) drives the clamping calibration frame (306) and the central laser calibration sensor (307) to slide toward each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

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