A product defect detection device and method based on machine vision

Abstract

The application relates to a product defect detection device and method based on machine vision, and relates to the technical field of product defect detection. The device comprises a rack, a clamp and a loading system. The rack comprises an operation table and a door-shaped frame installed on the operation table. The clamp comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp oppositely arranged. The loading system is installed on the rack and is used for driving the upper clamp and the lower clamp to approach or move away from each other. An image acquisition system is arranged on one side of a vertical beam of the door-shaped frame close to the clamp. The image acquisition system is a vertical image acquisition system used for acquiring the state change of a stretching deformation and a fracture process of a product to be detected between the upper clamp and the lower clamp. Through image / video data acquired by the image acquisition system and a curve diagram detected on a computer software, a worker can quickly and accurately analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of product defect detection, and in particular to a product defect detection device and method based on machine vision. BACKGROUND

[0002] The product in the application subject matter mainly refers to metal rod-shaped products or plastic / plastic rod-shaped products; and the product defect mainly refers to defects in tensile strength.

[0003] At present, in the detection process of tensile strength of metal, plastic / rubber, the core parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, elongation after fracture and reduction of area are mainly measured, which are used to evaluate the bearing capacity of the material under tensile load.

[0004] Among them, the tensile strength is the maximum tensile stress that the material can withstand before breaking, the yield strength is the stress at which the material begins to deform permanently, the elastic modulus is the ratio of stress and strain in the elastic stage of the material, the elongation after fracture is the plastic deformation ability of the sample after breaking, and the reduction of area is the shrinkage ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample after breaking.

[0005] In these detection links, the state change process when the yield strength begins to deform permanently and the state change process when the tensile strength begins to break, that is, the detection of the key events of product deformation and breaking, is relatively important and difficult. At present, it mainly depends on the staff to interpret the curve detected on the computer software. This detection method is not intuitive and not fast enough, which leads to the fact that the staff needs to detect multiple times and spends a lot of detection time to determine whether the product has defects in tensile strength. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to improve the problem of intuitiveness and efficiency of product defect detection, the present application provides a product defect detection device based on machine vision and its production process.

[0007] Firstly, the product defect detection device based on machine vision provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme: a product defect detection device based on machine vision, comprising a rack, a clamp and a loading system; the rack comprises an operation table and a door-shaped frame installed on the operation table; the clamp comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp oppositely arranged; the loading system is installed on the rack to drive the upper clamp and the lower clamp to approach or move away from each other, and the vertical beam of the door-shaped frame is further provided with an image acquisition system on one side close to the clamp; the image acquisition system is a vertical image acquisition system for acquiring the state changes of the stretching deformation and the breaking process of the product to be detected between the upper clamp and the lower clamp; the vertical image acquisition system comprises a vertical guide rail, a sliding seat, a sliding drive assembly and a camera element; the vertical guide rail is vertically installed on the vertical beam of the door-shaped frame; the sliding seat is vertically and slidably connected to the vertical guide rail; the sliding drive assembly is used to drive the sliding seat to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail, and the camera element is installed on the sliding seat.

[0008] Through the above technical scheme, the vertical image acquisition system can acquire the state changes of the stretching deformation and the breaking process of the product to be detected between the upper clamp and the lower clamp as a whole through the camera element; meanwhile, during the tensile strength detection process, some areas of the product to be detected will first begin to stretch or break, which are defined as the core stretching deformation area and the core breaking area on the product to be detected; during the image / video acquisition process, the camera element can approach the core stretching deformation area and the core breaking area under the driving action of the sliding seat and the sliding drive assembly, and acquire the more subtle, clearer and more important state changes of the stretching deformation and the breaking process of the area. Based on the acquired image / video data, combined with the curve detected by the computer software, the staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified; meanwhile, the process image or video can be reviewed multiple times to determine, without the need for multiple detections, and compared with the existing detection method, the whole detection process is more intuitive, the detection efficiency is higher, and the detection accuracy is also higher.

[0009] Preferably, the sliding seat comprises a device mounting table, a sliding back plate and a connecting rod; the device mounting table comprises a sliding plate, a reference plate, a panel, a clamping plate and a U-shaped mounting seat; the sliding plate, the reference plate and the panel are all circular and have coinciding central axes, and the sliding plate is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail; the reference plate is located on the side of the sliding plate away from the vertical guide rail; the panel is located on the side of the reference plate away from the sliding plate; the clamping plate has two parts and is fixed to the panel; the U-shaped mounting seat is installed on the two clamping plates; the camera element is installed on the U-shaped mounting seat; the sliding back plate is located on the side of the vertical guide rail away from the device mounting table; and one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the sliding back plate and the other end is fixed to the device mounting table.

[0010] Preferably, the vertical guide rail is provided with a toothed belt mounting groove along the length direction; the sliding drive assembly comprises a sliding drive member, a toothed belt wheel, two tensioning wheels and a toothed belt, the sliding drive member is mounted on the sliding back plate; the toothed belt wheel is mounted on the output end of the sliding drive member and opposite to the toothed belt mounting groove; the two tensioning wheels are respectively located on the two sides of the toothed belt wheel, one end of each tensioning wheel is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate, and the tensioning wheels are rollingly connected to the toothed belt mounting groove; the toothed belt is in engagement with the toothed belt wheel at the middle part and is fixedly connected to the two ends of the toothed belt mounting groove.

[0011] Through the above technical scheme, after the sliding drive member starts to operate, the toothed belt wheel starts to rotate, and drives the equipment mounting table to slide up and down through the engagement transmission with the toothed belt; the outer periphery of the two tensioning wheels is partially located in the toothed belt mounting groove, which can play a better tensioning effect on the toothed belt, guide the toothed belt to be always located in the toothed belt mounting groove, and avoid the conditions of belt slipping or deviation, and further guide the sliding direction of the sliding seat to make the sliding of the sliding seat more stable.

[0012] Preferably, the face plate is coaxially rotatably connected with a rotary table on the side facing the reference plate; the rotary table is fixedly connected with a driven gear on the side facing the reference plate, and the central axis of the driven gear and the central axis of the face plate coincide; the equipment mounting table is further provided with a rotary drive assembly, the rotary drive assembly comprises a rotary drive member and a rotary drive gear; the rotary drive member is mounted on the face plate; the rotary drive gear is mounted on the output end of the rotary drive member and in engagement with the driven gear.

[0013] Through the above technical scheme, when the rotary drive member operates, the rotary drive gear starts to rotate, and drives the face plate to rotate through the engagement transmission with the driven gear, so as to adjust the horizontal or vertical direction of the image taking of the camera element. Generally, the horizontal angle shooting can be adopted for the product to be detected with small length, so that the shooting angle is better, and the imaging is more consistent with the angle of human observation; and the vertical angle shooting is mainly adopted for the product to be detected with large length, so as to better image the product to be detected; of course, for some special-shaped bars, the inclined angle can also be adopted, such as the diagonal angle shooting from the camera element image taking frame.

[0014] Preferably, the U-shaped mounting base is rotatably mounted on the two clamping plates by two side edges on both sides of the opening; the device mounting table is further provided with a swing driving assembly, the swing driving assembly comprising a swing driving member, a swing driving gear and a swing driven gear; the swing driving member is mounted on any one of the two clamping plates, the output end of the swing driving member being parallel to the rotation shaft between the U-shaped mounting base and the clamping plate; the swing driving gear is mounted on the output end of the swing driving member; the swing driven gear is mounted on the rotation shaft between the U-shaped mounting base and the clamping plate, the swing driven gear and the rotation shaft being in interference fit and fixedly connected with the U-shaped mounting base; the swing driving gear and the swing driven gear are in meshing engagement.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, when the swing driving member operates, the swing driving gear starts to rotate, drives the U-shaped mounting base to swing through the meshing transmission of the swing driven gear, and further adjusts the tilt angle of the image pickup of the camera element. The swing driving assembly is mainly used when adjusting the shooting position of the outer periphery of the product to be detected or avoiding direct light sources indoors and outdoors to obtain better clarity.

[0016] Preferably, a damping assembly is mounted between the reference plate and the sliding plate.

[0017] Preferably, the damping assembly is a ring structure composed of multiple springs, and a spacing space is left between every two springs; the center axis of the ring structure composed of multiple springs coincides with the center axes of the sliding plate and the reference plate, and the ring structure composed of multiple springs is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate and the reference plate; one side of the ring structure composed of multiple springs is connected with the sliding plate and the other side is connected with the reference plate; the sliding plate and the reference plate are provided with through holes at positions corresponding to the springs at equal intervals, and the springs pass through the through holes on the sliding plate and the reference plate in turn in the helical direction of the springs.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the ring structure composed of multiple springs has sufficient strength, and the installation position is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate and the reference plate, which can provide a relatively stable shooting environment; when the product to be detected breaks and transmits vibration, the ring structure composed of multiple springs can appropriately offset the vibration in the horizontal direction, the vibration in the vertical direction and other vibrations with disordered directions; moreover, the spring, the sliding plate and the reference plate are connected by the through holes, and compared with the direct fixed connection, the spring, the sliding plate and the reference plate can have a moving space at the through hole position in the process of offsetting the vibration, that is, the vibration can be further offset by reciprocating movement, and the whole can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the camera element, and the image / video when the product to be detected breaks can be more clearly obtained.

[0019] Preferably, the damping assembly comprises a plurality of sets of obliquely arranged damping units; an annular blocking edge extending around the outer edge of the sliding plate towards the reference plate; a prism protruding from the center of the side of the reference plate facing the sliding plate towards the sliding plate; the plurality of sets of obliquely arranged damping units are distributed in an annular array at equal intervals and are fixedly connected at one end to the prism and at the other end to the blocking edge; the damping unit comprises an oblique support rib, a flexible damping plate and an angle plate; the flexible damping plate has six, divided into two groups, respectively located at both ends of the oblique support rib, each group of flexible damping plates are arranged side by side, one end of each group of flexible damping plates is fixedly connected to the oblique support rib and the other end extends in a divergent manner towards each other; the angle plate is a right angle plate, every two are a group, respectively corresponding to the two groups of flexible damping plates, the end of each group of flexible damping plates is fixedly connected to one side of the inner corner of the corresponding angle plate, and the outer corner of the angle plate is fixedly connected to the sliding plate and the blocking edge or the reference plate and the prism.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, the plurality of sets of obliquely arranged damping units first form a plurality of triangular structures between the sliding plate and the reference plate, and secondly, each group of flexible damping plates can appropriately offset horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and other vibration with disorderly direction due to its own elasticity; the whole can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the camera element, and can more clearly obtain the image / video when the product to be detected is broken.

[0021] Preferably, the door-type frame is provided with an environmental auxiliary system, the environmental auxiliary system comprises a light source for supplementing light and a curtain for shielding external interference light; the curtain comprises a light-shielding curtain, a lifting rope, a fixed pulley, a traction wheel and a curtain driving mechanism, both ends of the light-shielding curtain in the horizontal direction extend to the vertical beams of the door-type frame, and the light-shielding curtain shields the area where the camera element exists in the middle of the door-type frame after being unfolded in the vertical direction; the lifting rope has a plurality of parallel arrangements in the horizontal direction, the number of fixed pulleys is consistent with the number of lifting ropes, the fixed pulleys are installed on the horizontal beams of the door-type frame at equal intervals, the lower end of the lifting rope is connected with the light-shielding curtain, and the upper end is wound around the fixed pulley and connected with the traction wheel; the lower edge of the light-shielding curtain is fixed with a counterweight strip along the length direction, the lower end of the lifting rope is fixed on the counterweight strip, the light-shielding curtain is provided with a vertical cloth cover at the position corresponding to the lifting rope, and the lifting rope passes through the cloth cover.

[0022] Further, the application also provides a product defect detection method based on machine vision, comprising the following steps: firstly, installing the product to be detected in a clamp; then, starting an image acquisition system, and adjusting the initial acquisition position of the camera element; then, shooting a test image / video, observing the imaging quality, judging whether there is a need for light compensation or light shielding, and after the test is completed, adaptively operating the light source or curtain for light compensation or light shielding; then, clearing the initial acquisition of the camera element, and adjusting to a preliminary acquisition state; then, observing whether the data setting on the computer software conforms to the product to be detected, and after determining that it conforms, adjusting to a preliminary detection state; then, synchronously starting the tensile strength detection and the image acquisition system; finally, comparing the curve detected on the computer software with the image / video collected in the camera element, and judging whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

[0023] In summary, the application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] Firstly, through the image / video data collected by the image acquisition system, combined with the curve detected on the computer software, the staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified; at the same time, it can also be determined by looking back at the process image or backtracking the video multiple times, without the need for multiple detections, compared with the existing detection method, the whole detection process is more intuitive, the detection efficiency is higher, and the detection accuracy is also higher.

[0025] Secondly, by setting the sliding drive assembly, the equipment mounting table is driven to slide up and down through meshing with the toothed belt; part of the outer periphery of the two tensioning wheels is located in the toothed belt mounting groove, which can guide the toothed belt to always be located in the toothed belt mounting groove, and also can guide the sliding direction of the sliding seat, so that the sliding of the sliding seat is more stable.

[0026] Secondly, by setting the rotating drive assembly, the horizontal or vertical direction of the image taking of the camera element can be adjusted.

[0027] Secondly, by setting the swinging drive assembly, it can be used when adjusting the shooting position of the outer periphery of the product to be detected or avoiding indoor and outdoor direct light sources to obtain better clarity.

[0028] Secondly, by setting the damping assembly, a relatively stable shooting environment can be provided for the camera element, and the image / video when the product to be detected is broken can be more clearly obtained.

[0029] Secondly, by setting the environment auxiliary system, it can be used for supplementing light or shielding external interference light. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment one of the application;

[0031] Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a clamp according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical image acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another direction of the vertical image acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 Fig. 4 is a first structural schematic diagram of a damping assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 Fig. 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the damping assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical image acquisition system cooperating with a horizontal image acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a horizontal image acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 9 Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of an overall structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 10 Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a lifting rope cooperating with a fixed pulley and a counterweight strip according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] In the figure, 1, rack; 11, operation table; 12, door frame; 2, clamp; 21, upper clamp; 22, lower clamp; 221, mounting base; 2211, mounting cavity; 2212, mounting hole; 222, mounting sleeve; 2221, threaded hole; 2222, bottom through hole; 2223, embedded groove; 2224, annular displacement groove; 223, clamping block; 2231, abutting portion; 2232, clamping portion; 2233, wedge portion; 224, threaded extrusion piece; 2241, threaded cylinder portion; 22411, annular bevel; 2242, screwing portion; 225, grommet; 3, loading system; 4, image acquisition system; 41, vertical guide rail; 411, guide groove; 412, toothed belt mounting groove; 413, support; 42, sliding seat; 421, equipment mounting table; 4211, sliding plate; 42111, stop edge; 4212, reference plate; 42121, driven gear; 42122, prism; 4213, panel; 4214, clamping plate; 4215, U-shaped mounting seat; 4216, damping assembly; 42161, oblique support rib; 42162, elastic damping plate; 42163, angle plate; 422, sliding back plate; 423, connecting rod; 43, sliding drive assembly; 431, sliding drive piece; 432, toothed belt wheel; 433, tension pulley; 434, toothed belt; 44, camera element; 45, rotation drive assembly; 451, rotation drive piece; 452, rotation drive gear; 46, swing drive assembly; 461, swing drive piece; 462, swing drive gear; 463, swing driven gear; 47, arc-shaped guide rail; 5, environmental auxiliary system; 51, light source; 52, curtain; 521, light-shielding curtain; 5211, counterweight strip; 522, lifting rope; 523, fixed pulley; 524, traction pulley; 5241, intermediate pulley; 525, curtain drive mechanism; 5251, traction drive piece; 5252, driving pulley; 5253, driven pulley; 5254, main transmission belt; 5255, counterweight; 5256, intermediate transmission belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figure 1 - the accompanying drawings Figure 10 The present application is further described in detail. EMBODIMENT

[0042] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 1, including a rack 1, a clamp 2 and a loading system 3, the rack 1 including an operation table 11 and a door-shaped frame 12 mounted on the operation table 11; the clamp 2 including an upper clamp 21 and a lower clamp 22 oppositely arranged, the upper clamp 21 being mounted on the middle part of the beam of the door-shaped frame 12, and the lower clamp 22 being mounted on the output end of the loading system 3; the loading system 3 can be a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic pressure, or a pneumatic cylinder driven by air pressure, or an electrically driven electric pull rod; the body structure of the loading system 3 is mounted in the operation table 11, the output end of the loading system 3 is vertically exposed to the operation table 11 and is directly opposite to the lower part of the upper clamp 21, and the loading system 3 can drive the lower clamp 22 to approach or move away from the upper clamp 21, so as to stretch the product to be detected clamped in the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 22, and detect the tensile strength thereof. Of course, in another embodiment, the body structure of the loading system 3 can also be mounted on the beam of the door-shaped frame 12, and the lower clamp 22 is directly mounted on the operation table 11; in this way, the upper clamp 21 moves and the lower clamp 22 is fixed, and the stretching of the product to be detected can also be realized.

[0043] In combination Figure 2 Because the product to be detected is a rod-shaped product, a conventional two-jaw clamping clamp 2 or a three-jaw clamping clamp 2 can also be used, but the two-jaw clamping clamp 2 or the three-jaw clamping clamp 2 is easy to cause extrusion deformation of the end part of the rod-shaped product, especially the plastic / gum rod-shaped product, thereby affecting the result of the tensile strength detection, so in order to more accurately obtain the tensile strength data of the product to be detected, the structure of the clamp 2 is improved.

[0044] Specifically, the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 22 have the same structure and opposite directions. Figure 2 The above description is made to the specific structure of the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 22 in combination with the description of the embodiment.

[0045] The upper clamp 21 or the lower clamp 22 includes a mounting base 221, a mounting sleeve 222, a lotus-shaped clamping piece, a threaded extrusion piece 224 and a grommet 225; the mounting base 221 has a tower-like structure, an installation cavity 2211 is formed around the center axis in the inside, the installation cavity 2211 penetrates through one end of the mounting base 221 with a larger diameter, an installation hole 2212 is formed on the other end of the mounting base 221 with a smaller diameter, and the installation hole 2212 and the installation cavity 2211 are penetrated and the center axis of the installation hole 2212 and the center axis of the installation cavity 2211 coincide.

[0046] The mounting sleeve 222 is a tubular structure with both ends open, the center axis of the mounting sleeve 222 coincides with the center axis of the mounting base 221, the outer periphery of the mounting sleeve 222 is embedded in the mounting hole 2212 of the mounting base 221, a threaded hole 2221 is formed in the open end of the mounting sleeve 222 outside the mounting base 221, the open end of the mounting sleeve 222 inside the mounting base 221 is a light hole forming a bottom through hole 2222, the inner diameter of the threaded hole 2221 is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting sleeve 222, and the inner diameter of the bottom through hole 2222 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting sleeve 222. The mounting sleeve 222 is formed with an annular flange for mounting the gasket ring 225 at the position of the bottom through hole 2222, the center axis of the gasket ring 225 coincides with the center axis of the mounting sleeve 222 and is lapped on the annular flange, the outer periphery of the gasket ring 225 abuts on the inner wall of the mounting sleeve 222, an embedding groove 2223 is formed on the outer periphery of the mounting sleeve 222 corresponding to the position where the mounting hole 2212 is embedded, the center axis of the embedding groove 2223 coincides with the center axis of the mounting hole 2212, and the mounting sleeve 222 is embedded in the mounting hole 2212 of the mounting base 221 at the position of the embedding groove 2223. An annular accommodation groove 2224 is formed in the mounting sleeve 222 inside the threaded hole 2221, the center axis of the annular accommodation groove 2224 coincides with the center axis of the threaded hole 2221, and the inner diameter of the annular accommodation groove 2224 is larger than the inner diameter of the threaded hole 2221.

[0047] The lotus-shaped clamping piece is a tubular structure with a through hole formed along the center axis, the center axis of the lotus-shaped clamping piece coincides with the center axis of the mounting sleeve 222, and the lotus-shaped clamping piece is located inside the mounting sleeve 222 and integrally connected to the gasket ring 225 at one end and extends to the annular accommodation groove 2224 at the other end; the lotus-shaped clamping piece can be integrally provided, preferably, the lotus-shaped clamping piece is formed by a plurality of clamping blocks 223 arranged circumferentially around the center axis, a certain gap is left between the clamping blocks 223, and the end of the clamping block 223 close to the gasket ring 225 is integrally connected to the gasket ring 225. The dispersed clamping blocks 223 can more smoothly approach\deform in the direction close to the center axis.

[0048] Specifically, the clamping block 223 comprises an integral abutting portion 2231, a clamping portion 2232 and a wedge-shaped portion 2233. The abutting portion 2231 is integrally connected to the grommet 225 at one end and extends in the opposite direction along the central axis at the other end. The inner diameter of the abutting portion 2231 is constant, and the outer diameter of the abutting portion 2231 gradually increases from the end close to the grommet 225 to the end away from the grommet 225. The clamping portion 2232 is integrally connected to the end of the abutting portion 2231 away from the grommet 225 at one end and extends in the opposite direction along the central axis to the annular gap 2224 at the other end. The inner diameter of the clamping portion 2232 is constant and equal to the inner diameter of the abutting portion 2231, and the outer diameter of the clamping portion 2232 is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the abutting portion 2231. The wedge-shaped portion 2233 is integrally connected to the side of the clamping portion 2232 away from the central axis. The outer diameter of the wedge-shaped portion 2233 gradually decreases from the end close to the clamping portion 2232 to the end away from the clamping portion 2232. The wedge-shaped portions 2233 on all clamping blocks 223 collectively form an annular wedge surface in the direction away from the clamping portion 2232. The position of the extrusion wedge surface can cause the clamping block 223, i.e. the clamping portion 2232 and the abutting portion 2231, to approach / deform in the direction close to the central axis, thereby clamping and fixing the product to be detected. The clamping block 223 can be made of metal material with a rough surface or protrusions, or can be made of ceramic, rubber and other materials. The specific determination is based on the tensile strength detection force. A small tensile strength detection force can use rubber material, which is better than metal material for protecting the end of the product to be detected. A large tensile strength detection force can use metal material, which has more sufficient clamping force.

[0049] The threaded extrusion 224 comprises an integral threaded cylinder portion 2241 and a screwing portion 2242. The central axis of the threaded extrusion 224 coincides with the central axis of the lotus-shaped clamping member. The outer wall of the threaded cylinder portion 2241 is provided with external threads and cooperates with the threaded hole 2221 on the mounting sleeve 222. The threaded cylinder portion 2241 is provided with an annular bevel 22411 from the outside to the inside at the end close to the lotus-shaped clamping member. The annular bevel 22411 cooperates with the annular wedge surface formed by the wedge-shaped portions 2233 on all clamping blocks 223. As the annular bevel 22411 continuously approaches the wedge-shaped portion 2233, the clamping portion 2232 and the abutting portion 2231 can continuously approach / deform in the direction close to the central axis. The screwing portion 2242 is annular, coaxial with the threaded cylinder and integrally connected to the end of the threaded cylinder outside the mounting sleeve 222. The outer periphery of the screwing portion 2242 can be provided with a rough surface, or an outer hexagonal or octagonal or polygonal shape, which facilitates the use of a wrench or other tool to screw.

[0050] Through the above setting, when the product to be detected is to be clamped and fixed, first screw the threaded extrusion piece 224 so that the annular bevel 22411 of the threaded barrel portion 2241 gradually moves away from the wedge portion 2233 of the clamping block 223. With the gradual movement away of the threaded extrusion piece 224, part of the structure of the wedge portion 2233 on the clamping block 223 enters the annular accommodation groove 2224, and the abutting portion 2231 and the clamping portion 2232 on the clamping block 223 are relaxed and elastically reset, and are moderately offset away from the central axis, leaving enough space to insert the product to be detected. After the product to be detected is inserted, start to screw the threaded extrusion piece 224 so that the annular bevel 22411 of the threaded barrel portion 2241 gradually approaches the wedge portion 2233 of the clamping block 223. Part of the structure of the wedge portion 2233 on the clamping block 223 gradually exits the annular accommodation groove 2224, and the abutting portion 2231 and the clamping portion 2232 on the clamping block 223 are constantly extruded and gradually offset towards the central axis, clamping and fixing the product to be detected.

[0051] With reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 3 On the vertical beam of the door-shaped frame 12, an image acquisition system 4 is further arranged on the side close to the clamp 2. The image acquisition system 4 is a vertical image acquisition system, which can acquire the state changes of the tensile deformation and the fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 22.

[0052] Specifically, the vertical image acquisition system comprises a vertical guide rail 41, a sliding seat 42, a sliding drive assembly 43 and a camera element 44. The vertical guide rail 41 is vertically installed on the vertical beam of the door-shaped frame 12. The sliding seat 42 is vertically and slidingly connected to the vertical guide rail 41. The sliding drive assembly 43 is used to drive the sliding seat 42 to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail 41. The camera element 44 is installed on the sliding seat 42.

[0053] With the above setup, the vertical image acquisition system can use the camera element 44 to capture the overall changes in the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product under test between the upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 22. Simultaneously, during the tensile strength test, certain areas on the product under test will initially undergo tensile deformation or fracture. These areas are defined as the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area on the product under test. During image / video acquisition, the camera element 44, driven by the sliding seat 42 and the sliding drive assembly 43, can approach the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area to capture more subtle, clearer, and more important changes in the tensile deformation and fracture process in these areas. Based on the acquired image / video data, combined with the curves detected on the computer software, staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product under test is qualified. Furthermore, confirmation can be made by repeatedly reviewing process images or rewinding videos, eliminating the need for multiple tests. Compared to existing testing methods, the entire testing process is more intuitive, more efficient, and more accurate.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 Specifically, a guide groove 411 is provided on the vertical guide rail 41 along the length of the vertical guide rail 41 on the side facing the mounting slide seat 42, and a slider that can slide in the guide groove 411 is correspondingly provided on the slide seat 42; a toothed belt mounting groove 412 is provided on any side of the vertical guide rail 41 along the length; supports 413 are installed at both ends of the vertical guide rail 41, and the supports 413 are fixedly installed on the vertical beam of the portal frame 12, and a space is left between the vertical guide rail 41 and the vertical beam for installing other components.

[0055] The sliding base 42 includes an equipment mounting platform 421, a sliding back plate 422, and connecting rods 423. The camera element 44 is mounted on the equipment mounting platform 421, which is slidably connected to the guide groove 411 of the vertical guide rail 41. The sliding back plate 422 is positioned opposite to the equipment mounting platform 421 and located on the side of the vertical guide rail 41 away from the equipment mounting platform 421. There are multiple connecting rods 423 distributed on both sides of the vertical guide rail 41. One end of the connecting rod 423 is fixed to the sliding back plate 422 and the other end is fixed to the equipment mounting platform 421. The rod body of the connecting rod 423 is in contact with the vertical guide rail 41.

[0056] With the above configuration, the equipment mounting platform 421, the sliding back plate 422 and the connecting rod 423 cooperate to form a quadrilateral sliding space, which is equivalent to contacting the vertical guide rail 41 from four sides. This allows for greater stability during the sliding process and provides a more stable imaging environment for the camera element 44.

[0057] The equipment mounting table 421 comprises a sliding plate 4211, a reference plate 4212, a face plate 4213, a clamping plate 4214 and a U-shaped mounting seat 4215, the sliding plate 4211, the reference plate 4212 and the face plate 4213 are all circular and have coinciding central axes, the sliding plate 4211 is slidingly connected to the guide groove 411 of the vertical guide rail 41 through a sliding block; the reference plate 4212 is located on the side of the sliding plate 4211 away from the vertical guide rail 41, a damping assembly 4216 is mounted between the reference plate 4212 and the sliding plate 4211 and is used to reduce the vibration transmitted on the door-shaped frame 12 after the product to be detected is broken; the face plate 4213 is located on the side of the reference plate 4212 away from the sliding plate 4211, the diameter of the face plate 4213 is greater than that of the reference plate 4212, a turntable is rotatably connected to the side of the face plate 4213 facing the reference plate 4212, the central axis of the turntable coincides with the central axis of the face plate 4213, the turntable is centrally provided with a rotating shaft and is rotatably connected to the face plate 4213 through the rotating shaft; a driven gear 42121 is fixedly connected to the side of the turntable facing the reference plate 4212, the central axis of the driven gear 42121 coincides with the central axis of the face plate 4213, the diameter of the turntable is smaller than that of the driven gear 42121, the driven gear 42121 is fixedly connected to the reference plate 4212, and the turntable, the driven gear 42121 and the reference plate 4212 are preferably integrally formed to have higher stability and precision. The clamping plate 4214 has two plates and is oppositely arranged with the central axis of the face plate 4213 as the center of symmetry and is fixedly connected to the side of the face plate 4213 away from the reference plate 4212; the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 is rotatably mounted on the two clamping plates 4214 with the two side edges of the opening as the center; the camera element 44 is mounted on the U-shaped mounting seat 4215.

[0058] The sliding driving assembly 43 comprises a sliding driving member 431, a toothed belt wheel 432, a tensioning wheel 433 and a toothed belt 434, the sliding driving member 431 can adopt a servo motor, and is mounted on the sliding back plate 422; the toothed belt wheel 432 is mounted on the output end of the sliding driving member 431 and is opposite to the toothed belt mounting groove 412; the tensioning wheel 433 has two and is located on the two sides of the toothed belt wheel 432, one end of the tensioning wheel 433 is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate 422 and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate 4211, and the tensioning wheel 433 is rollingly connected to the toothed belt mounting groove 412; the toothed belt 434 is engaged with the toothed belt wheel 432 in the middle and is fixedly connected to the two ends in the toothed belt mounting groove 412 at both ends; the tensioning wheel 433 tensions and presses the toothed belt 434 in the toothed belt mounting groove 412.

[0059] With the above arrangement, after the sliding drive member 431 starts to operate, the toothed belt wheel 432 starts to rotate, and drives the equipment mounting table 421 to slide up and down through the engagement with the toothed belt 434; part of the outer periphery of the two tensioning wheels 433 is located in the toothed belt mounting groove 412, which can play a better tensioning effect on the toothed belt 434, and can guide the toothed belt 434 to be located in the toothed belt mounting groove 412 at all times, so that the toothed belt 434 cannot be disengaged or deviated, and can guide the sliding direction of the sliding seat 42 to make the sliding of the sliding seat 42 more stable.

[0060] The rotating drive assembly 45 is further arranged on the equipment mounting table 421, and the rotating drive assembly 45 comprises a rotating drive member 451 and a rotating drive gear 452, wherein the rotating drive member 451 is mounted on the panel 4213; the rotating drive gear 452 is mounted on the output end of the rotating drive member 451 and is engaged with the driven gear 42121.

[0061] With the above arrangement, when the rotating drive member 451 operates, the rotating drive gear 452 starts to rotate, and drives the panel 4213 to rotate through the engagement with the driven gear 42121, so as to adjust the horizontal or vertical direction of the image capturing of the camera element 44. Generally, the horizontal angle shooting can be used for the product to be detected with a small length, so that the shooting angle is better, and the imaging is more consistent with the angle of human observation; and the vertical angle shooting is mainly used for the product to be detected with a long length, so as to better image the product to be detected; of course, for some special-shaped bars, the inclined angle can also be used, such as the diagonal angle shooting from the image capturing frame of the camera element 44.

[0062] The swinging drive assembly 46 is further arranged on the equipment mounting table 421, and the swinging drive assembly 46 comprises a swinging drive member 461, a swinging drive gear 462 and a swinging driven gear 463, wherein the swinging drive member 461 is mounted on any one of the two clamping plates 4214, the output end of the swinging drive member 461 is parallel to the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 and the clamping plate 4214; the swinging drive gear 462 is mounted on the output end of the swinging drive member 461; the swinging driven gear 463 is mounted on the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 and the clamping plate 4214, the swinging driven gear 463 is in interference fit with the rotating shaft and is fixedly connected with the U-shaped mounting seat 4215; the swinging drive gear 462 and the swinging driven gear 463 are engaged.

[0063] With the above arrangement, when the swinging drive member 461 operates, the swinging drive gear 462 starts to rotate, and drives the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 to swing through the engagement with the swinging driven gear 463, so as to adjust the inclined angle of the image capturing of the camera element 44. The swinging drive assembly 46 is mainly used when the shooting position of the outer periphery of the product to be detected is adjusted or the direct light source 51 indoors or outdoors is avoided to obtain better clarity.

[0064] Referring to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , the damping assembly 4216 can be composed of multiple springs, which form a ring structure with a spacing space between each two springs; in this way, the deformation interference between the springs and the springs can be avoided, and the installation of the springs can be facilitated. The center axis of the ring structure composed of multiple springs coincides with the center axis of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, and the ring structure composed of multiple springs is located at the outer edge of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212; one side of the ring structure composed of multiple springs is connected with the sliding plate 4211 and the other side is connected with the reference plate 4212, and the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 are provided with through holes at positions corresponding to the springs at equal intervals, and the springs pass through the through holes on the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 in the helical direction of the springs in sequence.

[0065] Through the above arrangement, the ring structure composed of multiple springs has sufficient strength on the one hand, and the installation position is located at the outer edge of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, which can provide a relatively stable shooting environment; after the to-be-detected product breaks and transmits vibration, the ring structure composed of multiple springs can appropriately offset the vibration in the horizontal direction, and can also offset the vibration in the vertical direction, and can also offset other vibrations with disordered directions; and the springs and the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 are connected by the through holes, compared with the direct fixed connection, the springs and the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 can have a moving space at the through hole position in the process of offsetting the vibration, that is, the vibration can be further offset by reciprocating movement, and the whole can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the camera element 44, and the image / video when the to-be-detected product breaks can be more clearly obtained. Embodiment

[0066] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 6 , the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the structure of the damping assembly 4216 is different, specifically, the damping assembly 4216 includes multiple groups of damping units arranged obliquely; the outer edge of the sliding plate 4211 extends in the direction close to the reference plate 4212 to form a ring-shaped stop edge 42111; the center position of the side of the reference plate 4212 facing the sliding plate 4211 protrudes in the direction close to the sliding plate 4211 to form a prism 42122; the multiple groups of damping units arranged obliquely are distributed in a ring array at equal intervals, and one end is fixedly connected to the prism 42122 and the other end is fixedly connected to the stop edge 42111.

[0067] With the above configuration, multiple sets of diagonally arranged vibration damping units form a large number of triangular structures between the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, which can effectively counteract horizontal vibrations, vertical vibrations, and other vibrations with disordered orientations. Overall, it can provide a more stable shooting environment for the camera element 44, enabling clearer acquisition of images / videos of the product being tested breaking.

[0068] Specifically, the vibration damping unit includes an inclined support rib 42161, an elastic damping plate 42162, and a corner plate 42163. The inclined support rib 42161 can be made of a rectangular rod material. There are six elastic damping plates 42162, divided into two groups, located at both ends of the inclined support rib 42161. Each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is arranged in parallel. One end of each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is fixedly connected to the inclined support rib 42161, and the other end extends in a divergent direction. The corner plate 42163 is a right-angle plate, with two plates forming a group, corresponding to the two groups of elastic damping plates 42162. The end of each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is fixedly connected to the inside corner of the corresponding corner plate 42163. The outside corner of the corner plate 42163 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 4211 and the flange 42111 or the reference plate 4212 and the prism 42122.

[0069] With the above configuration, the oblique support rib 42161 mainly plays a supporting role. Each set of elastic damping plates 42162, relying on its own elasticity, can offset vertical vibration, as well as other vibrations with disordered direction; it can better reduce the vibration transmitted from the sliding plate 4211 to the reference plate 4212, and provide a more stable shooting environment for the camera component. Example

[0070] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 8 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the image acquisition system 4 also includes a horizontal image acquisition system. This is because the middle part of the product to be tested is most prone to tensile deformation and fracture. At the same time, image acquisition from only one angle is not comprehensive enough for rod-shaped products. Therefore, the horizontal image acquisition system can capture images / videos of the tensile deformation and fracture process of a portion of the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be tested from a horizontal direction, thereby further improving the intuitiveness and accuracy of the testing process.

[0071] Specifically, the core difference between the horizontal image acquisition system and the vertical image acquisition system is that the horizontal image acquisition system adopts an arc-shaped guide rail 47, the central axis of the arc-shaped guide rail 47 coincides with the central axis of the clamp 2, and the outer peripheral length of the arc-shaped guide rail 47 is less than one-half of a circle to avoid interference with the operation of the vertical image acquisition system; the two ends of the arc-shaped guide rail 47 extend outwardly toward the vertical beams of the portal frame 12 to have mounting beams to stably fix the arc-shaped guide rail 47 on the portal frame 12. In addition, the sliding seat 42 is located above the arc-shaped guide rail 47, that is, the equipment mounting table 421 is located above the arc-shaped guide rail 47, so that the camera element 44 has a better lighting environment, which is beneficial to collect images / videos without shading interference; the imaging window of the camera element 44 is directly opposite the middle part of the product to be detected in the horizontal direction.

[0072] Through the above setting, when the sliding driving member 431 starts to operate, the toothed belt wheel 432 starts to rotate, drives the equipment mounting table 421 to slide along the arc-shaped guide rail 47 through the meshing transmission with the toothed belt 434; and then drives the camera element 44 to collect images / videos of the stretching deformation and fracture process of the part of the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be detected in the horizontal direction. Because the camera element 44 can collect a wide range, it can basically collect the deformation of all regions of the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be detected by moving along the arc-shaped guide rail 47. In the embodiment, the part of the outer periphery is mainly described for the strictness of description. Embodiment

[0073] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 9 、 Figure 10 The difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that it further comprises an environment auxiliary system 5, the environment auxiliary system 5 comprises a light source 51 and a curtain 52, the light source 51 is mainly used to supplement light for the image acquisition system 4 when the external light is insufficient, and the curtain 52 is mainly used to block the external interference light, such as direct or oblique or other angle of strong light or color light which is not conducive to imaging.

[0074] Specifically, the light source 51 comprises a plurality of lamps installed on the vertical beams and horizontal beams of the portal frame 12, the lamps are mainly photographic lamps and LED lamps, and 1-2 individually controllable flashlights can also be installed. The installation position of the lamps mainly needs to avoid direct shooting of the camera element 44, and a more suitable installation position is the rear of the imaging window of the camera element 44.

[0075] Specifically, the curtain 52 comprises a light-shielding curtain 521, a lifting rope 522, a fixed pulley 523, a traction wheel 524 and a curtain driving mechanism 525. The light-shielding curtain 521 is made of flexible material, such as light-shielding cloth. The light-shielding curtain 521 extends to the vertical beam of the door frame 12 at both ends in the horizontal direction. The light-shielding curtain 521 can shield the area where the camera element 44 exists in the middle of the door frame 12 in the vertical direction after being unfolded. It is mainly needed to block the irradiation of external (in the detection room) unfavorable light. A large light-shielding curtain 521 that can shield the entire space on one side of the door frame 12 can also be selected. It is still preferred to be a small light-shielding curtain 521 that only shields the area of the camera element 44 as shown in the figure. In this way, sufficient light-shielding effect can be achieved, and it is also more convenient to pull up or put down. The lifting rope 522 is provided in parallel along the horizontal direction, and the number of the fixed pulley 523 is consistent with the number of the lifting rope 522. The fixed pulley 523 is installed on the cross beam of the door frame 12 at equal intervals. The lower end of the lifting rope 522 is connected with the light-shielding curtain 521, and the upper end is wound around the fixed pulley 523 and connected with the traction wheel 524. In order to better pull up or put down the light-shielding curtain 521, a counterweight strip 5211 is fixed on the lower edge of the light-shielding curtain 521 along the length direction. The lower end of the lifting rope 522 is fixed on the counterweight strip 5211. The light-shielding curtain 521 is provided with a vertical cloth sleeve at the position corresponding to the lifting rope 522. The lifting rope 522 passes through the cloth sleeve. In this way, when the light-shielding curtain 521 is put down, the light-shielding curtain 521 can be more easily unfolded downward under the driving action of the counterweight strip 5211. When it is collected upward, the light-shielding curtain 521 can not only be pulled up to remove the shielding of external light, but also can be folded at the position close to the fixed pulley 523, occupying less space and being beneficial to the image collection of the camera element 44.

[0076] Specifically, the curtain 52 mainly realizes the lifting and lowering of the light shielding curtain 521 by driving the traction wheel 524 to rotate in opposite directions. The curtain driving mechanism 525 comprises a traction driving element 5251, a driving pulley 5252, a driven pulley 5253, a main transmission belt 5254, a counterweight 5255 and an intermediate transmission belt 5256. A support is arranged on a vertical beam of the door frame 12, and the traction driving element 5251 is installed on the support. The traction driving element 5251 can be a servo motor. The driving pulley 5252 is installed on the output end of the traction driving element 5251, and the driven pulley 5253 is rotatably installed on the support. The main transmission belt 5254 is tightly installed on the driving pulley 5252 and the driven pulley 5253. The counterweight 5255 is fixed to one side of the main transmission belt 5254. The intermediate pulley 5241 is coaxially installed on the traction wheel 524, and the intermediate pulley 5241 is fixedly connected with the traction wheel 524. One end of the intermediate transmission belt 5256 is wound on the intermediate pulley 5241, and the other end is fixedly connected with the counterweight 5255. The winding direction of the lifting rope 522 on the traction wheel 524 is opposite to the winding direction of the intermediate transmission belt 5256 on the intermediate pulley 5241.

[0077] Through the above arrangement, when the traction driving element 5251 starts to operate, the driving pulley 5252 and the driven pulley 5253 drive the main transmission belt 5254 to transmit power, and then drive the counterweight 5255 to move in the up-down direction. The counterweight 5255 pulls the intermediate transmission belt to move downward or upward, and then drives the intermediate pulley 5241, i.e. the traction wheel 524, to wind or unwind the lifting rope 522, so as to lift or fold the light shielding curtain 521 or to lower and unfold the light shielding curtain 521.

[0078] The implementation principle of the present application is a product defect detection method based on machine vision, specifically comprising the following steps: first, operating the loading system 3 to move the lower clamp 22 away from the upper clamp 21, and installing the product to be detected in the lower clamp 22, then operating the loading system 3 to move the lower clamp 22 close to the upper clamp 21 and finally inserting the product to be detected into the upper clamp 21, and tightening the upper clamp 21; then, turning on the vertical image acquisition system and the horizontal image acquisition system in the image acquisition system 4, and adjusting the initial acquisition position of the camera element 44; then, shooting test images / videos, observing the imaging quality, judging whether there is a need for light compensation or light shielding, and after the test is completed, adaptively operating the light source 51 or the curtain 52 for light compensation or light shielding; then, clearing the initial acquisition of the camera element 44 and adjusting to the preliminary acquisition state; then, observing whether the data setting on the computer software conforms to the product to be detected, and after determining that it conforms, adjusting to the preliminary detection state; then, synchronously turning on the tensile strength detection and the image acquisition system 4; finally, comparing the curve graph detected on the computer software and the images / videos collected in the camera element 44, because the time is synchronous, the curve change of the curve graph and the change of the images / videos are corresponding, and the worker can quickly and accurately judge whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

[0079] The embodiments of the specific implementation are the preferred embodiments of the present application, not limited to the protection scope of the present application, wherein the same parts are indicated by the same reference numerals. Therefore: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A product defect detection device based on machine vision, comprising a frame (1), a fixture (2), and a loading system (3); the frame (1) includes an operating table (11) and a gantry frame (12) mounted on the operating table (11); the fixture (2) includes an upper fixture (21) and a lower fixture (22) arranged opposite to each other; the loading system (3) is mounted on the frame (1) for driving the upper fixture (21) and the lower fixture (22) to approach or move away from each other, characterized in that, An image acquisition system (4) is also provided on the side of the vertical beam of the gantry frame (12) near the clamp (2). The image acquisition system (4) includes a vertical image acquisition system (4) for acquiring the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be tested between the upper clamp (21) and the lower clamp (22). The vertical image acquisition system (4) includes a vertical guide rail (41), a sliding seat (42), a sliding drive assembly (43), and a camera element (44); the vertical guide rail (41) is vertically mounted on the vertical beam of the portal frame (12); the sliding seat (42) is vertically slidably connected to the vertical guide rail (41); the sliding drive assembly (43) is used to drive the sliding seat (42) to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail (41); and the camera element (44) is mounted on the sliding seat (42). The image acquisition system (4) also includes a horizontal image acquisition system, which includes an arc-shaped guide rail (47). The central axis of the arc-shaped guide rail (47) coincides with the central axis of the fixture (2). The outer circumference of the arc-shaped guide rail (47) is less than half a circle. The sliding seat (42) is located above the arc-shaped guide rail (47), and the image capture window of the camera element (44) is directly in the middle of the product to be inspected in the horizontal direction. The sliding seat (42) includes an equipment mounting platform (421), a sliding back plate (422), and a connecting rod (423); the equipment mounting platform (421) includes a sliding plate (4211), a reference plate (4212), a panel (4213), a clamping plate (4214), and a U-shaped mounting base (4215); the sliding plate (4211), the reference plate (4212), and the panel (4213) are all circular and their central axes coincide; the sliding plate (4211) is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail (41); the reference plate (4212) is located away from the vertical guide rail of the sliding plate (4211). (41) One side; the panel (4213) is located on the side of the reference plate (4212) away from the sliding plate (4211); there are two clamping plates (4214), which are fixed to the panel (4213); the U-shaped mounting base (4215) is installed on the two clamping plates (4214); the camera element (44) is installed on the U-shaped mounting base (4215); the sliding back plate (422) is located on the side of the vertical guide rail (41) away from the equipment mounting platform (421); one end of the connecting rod (423) is fixed to the sliding back plate (422) and the other end is fixed to the equipment mounting platform (421).

2. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical guide rail (41) has a toothed belt mounting groove (412) along its length; the sliding drive assembly (43) includes a sliding drive component (431), a toothed pulley (432), a tensioning pulley (433), and a toothed belt (434). The sliding drive component (431) is mounted on a sliding back plate (422); the toothed pulley (432) is mounted on the output end of the sliding drive component (431) and is opposite to the toothed belt mounting groove (412); there are two tensioning pulleys (433), located on both sides of the toothed pulley (432). One end of the tensioning pulley (433) is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate (422), and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate (4211). The tensioning pulley (433) is rolled in the toothed belt mounting groove (412); the middle part of the toothed belt (434) meshes with the toothed pulley (432), and both ends are tensioned and fixedly connected to the two ends in the toothed belt mounting groove (412).

3. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, A turntable is rotatably connected to the side of the panel (4213) facing the reference plate (4212) along the same axis; a driven gear (42121) is fixedly connected to the side of the turntable facing the reference plate (4212), and the central axis of the driven gear (42121) coincides with the central axis of the panel (4213); a rotation drive assembly (45) is also provided on the equipment mounting platform (421), the rotation drive assembly (45) includes a rotation drive component (451) and a rotation drive gear (452); the rotation drive component (451) is mounted on the panel (4213); the rotation drive gear (452) is mounted on the output end of the rotation drive component (451) and meshes with the driven gear (42121).

4. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The U-shaped mounting base (4215) is rotatably mounted on two clamping plates (4214) with two sides of the opening on both sides; the equipment mounting platform (421) is also provided with a swing drive assembly (46), which includes a swing drive component (461), a swing drive gear (462), and a swing driven gear (463); the swing drive component (461) is mounted on either of the two clamping plates (4214), and the output end of the swing drive component (461) is parallel to the ground. A rotating shaft is located between the U-shaped mounting base (4215) and the clamping plate (4214); the swing drive gear (462) is mounted on the output end of the swing drive component (461); the swing driven gear (463) is mounted on the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting base (4215) and the clamping plate (4214), the swing driven gear (463) and the rotating shaft are interference-fitted and fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting base (4215); the swing drive gear (462) and the swing driven gear (463) mesh with each other.

5. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vibration damping assembly (4216) is installed between the reference plate (4212) and the sliding plate (4211).

6. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration damping component (4216) is a ring structure composed of multiple spring segments, with a gap between each pair of spring segments. The central axis of the ring structure composed of multiple spring segments coincides with the central axis of the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212), and the ring structure composed of multiple spring segments is located at the outer edge of the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212). One side of the ring structure composed of multiple spring segments is connected to the sliding plate (4211) and the other side is connected to the reference plate (4212). Perforations are equally spaced at the positions of the springs on the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212), and the springs pass through the perforations on the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212) in their own spiral direction.

7. A product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vibration damping assembly (4216) includes multiple sets of obliquely arranged vibration damping units; an annular flange (42111) extends around the outer edge of the sliding plate (4211) towards the reference plate (4212); a prism (42122) protrudes towards the sliding plate (4211) at the center of the side of the reference plate (4212) facing the sliding plate (4211); the multiple sets of obliquely arranged vibration damping units are arranged in a ring array, equally spaced, and one end is fixedly connected to the prism (42122) and the other end is fixedly connected to the flange (42111); the vibration damping unit includes an oblique support rib (42161), an elastic vibration damping plate (42162), and a corner plate (42163); the elastic vibration damping plate (42163)... 62) There are six, divided into two groups, located at both ends of the inclined support rib (42161). Each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is arranged in parallel. One end of each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is fixedly connected to the inclined support rib (42161), and the other end extends in a divergent direction. The corner plate (42163) is a right-angle plate. Two of them form a group, corresponding to the two groups of elastic damping plates (42162). The end of each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is fixedly connected to the inside corner of the corresponding corner plate (42163). The outside corner of the corner plate (42163) is fixedly connected to the sliding plate (4211) and the flange (42111) or the reference plate (4212) and the prism (42122).

8. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, An environmental assistance system (5) is provided on the portal frame (12). The environmental assistance system (5) includes a light source (51) for supplementing light and a curtain (52) for blocking external interference light. The curtain (52) includes a blackout curtain (521), a lifting rope (522), a fixed pulley (523), a traction wheel (524), and a curtain drive mechanism (525). The blackout curtain (521) extends to the vertical beam of the portal frame (12) at both ends in the horizontal direction. The blackout curtain (521) blocks the area in the middle of the portal frame (12) where the camera element (44) is located when it is unfolded in the vertical direction. The lifting rope (522) has Multiple pulleys (523) are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. The number of fixed pulleys (523) is the same as the number of lifting ropes (522). The fixed pulleys (523) are installed at equal intervals on the crossbeam of the portal frame (12). The lower end of the lifting rope (522) is connected to the blackout curtain (521), and the upper end is wound around the fixed pulley (523) and connected to the traction wheel (524). The lower edge of the blackout curtain (521) is fixed with a counterweight (5211) along the length direction. The lower end of the lifting rope (522) is fixed to the counterweight (5211). The blackout curtain (521) is provided with a vertical cloth cover at the position corresponding to the lifting rope (522). The lifting rope (522) passes through the cloth cover.

9. A product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 8, characterized in that, The curtain drive mechanism (525) drives the traction pulley (524) to rotate forward and backward to raise and lower the blackout curtain (521). The curtain drive mechanism (525) includes a traction drive component (5251), a drive pulley (5252), a driven pulley (5253), a main drive belt (5254), a counterweight (5255), and an intermediate drive belt (5256). A bracket is provided on one side of the vertical beam of the portal frame (12), and the traction drive component (5251) is mounted on the bracket. The drive pulley (5252) is mounted on the output end of the traction drive component (5251), and the driven pulley (5253) is rotatably mounted on the bracket. The driving belt (5254) is tensioned and installed on the driving pulley (5252) and the driven pulley (5253); the counterweight (5255) is fixed to one side of the main drive belt (5254); an intermediate pulley (5241) is coaxially installed on the traction sheave (524), and the intermediate pulley (5241) and the traction sheave (524) are fixedly connected; one end of the intermediate drive belt (5256) is wound and connected to the intermediate pulley (5241), and the other end is fixedly connected to the counterweight (5255); the winding direction of the lifting rope (522) on the traction sheave (524) is opposite to the winding direction of the intermediate drive belt (5256) on the intermediate pulley (5241).

10. A product defect detection method based on machine vision, characterized in that, The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: First, the product to be tested is installed in the fixture (2); Then, turn on the image acquisition system (4) and adjust the initial acquisition position of the camera element (44); Then, take test images / videos, observe the image quality, and determine whether there is a need for supplemental lighting or shading. After the test is completed, adjust the light source (51) or curtain (52) accordingly to supplemental lighting or shading. Then, the initial acquisition of the camera element (44) is cleared and adjusted to the ready acquisition state; Then, observe whether the data settings on the computer software match the product to be tested. Once it is confirmed that they match, adjust the software to the pre-test state. Then, the tensile strength detection and image acquisition system is activated simultaneously (4); Finally, the curve detected by the computer software and the image / video collected by the camera element (44) are compared to determine whether the tensile strength of the product under test is qualified.

Images