Plant root system in-situ nondestructive monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant physiology and ecology research, in particular to a plant root system in-situ nondestructive monitoring device and method. The invention provides a plant root system in-situ nondestructive monitoring device, which comprises an observation pipe with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the observation pipe is pre-buried in soil; the monitoring probe comprises a probe main body, an image acquisition part and an annular light supplementing part, the probe main body is arranged in the middle of the observation pipe, and the image acquisition part and the annular light supplementing part are arranged at the lower end of the observation pipe. On one hand, in order to solve the problem that in the prior art, the imaging range is limited by the length of a linear sliding rail, and secondary splicing and fusion are needed, the monitoring probe has the centering characteristic through the centering device; in addition, the self weight of the monitoring probe and the traction and release of the electric winder are utilized to realize that the image acquisition piece monitors the pipe wall image of the observation pipe from top to bottom, and compared with a driving mode of a linear sliding rail, the imaging range is not limited, and secondary splicing and fusion are not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant physiological ecology research, and specifically relates to a device and method for in-situ non-destructive monitoring of plant roots, which is particularly suitable for rapid in-situ imaging analysis of the entire observation tube of plant roots in the wild. Background Art

[0002] As an important organ tissue of plants, roots play a role in absorbing water and nutrients in the soil to meet the growth needs of plants. The research on roots is crucial for various disciplines of plants. Root ecology is a key element of underground ecology. However, roots are distributed in the soil and cannot be directly and quickly observed. Therefore, in-situ and non-destructive root monitoring is crucial for root research.

[0003] The prior art such as publication number CN118018852A discloses an in-situ root imaging device and method, which includes a detection tube, a main machine arranged in the detection tube, and a transparent protective cover arranged at the lower end of the detection tube. The main machine and the control module are connected by a cable to achieve panoramic imaging and then spliced again into an in-situ root image.

[0004] In the above prior art, on the one hand, the method of using a linear slide rail and combining with a fish-eye camera is adopted to obtain the root image in the micro-root tube. However, the imaging range is limited by the length of the linear slide rail, and the maximum size of a single imaging is limited. To obtain the entire root image in a root tube, secondary splicing and fusion are required, and the root image of the entire root tube wall cannot be obtained at one time.

[0005] On the other hand, the monitoring period, monitoring time, and monitoring frequency of plant roots are all affected by the circadian rhythm and growth cycle of plants (including seedling stage, growth stage, maturity stage, senescence stage), making the monitoring period long and the monitoring frequency change accordingly. The prior art does not disclose the monitoring period, monitoring time, and monitoring frequency of plant roots. There is moisture in the air in the detection tube. Due to reasons such as daily temperature difference, environmental temperature change, and heat dissipation of heating components, water mist will be generated when the air temperature in the detection tube is lower than the dew point temperature. The prior art does not have preventive measures for water mist, resulting in the formation of water mist on the inner wall of the tube during the long-term monitoring of plant roots, which affects the monitoring imaging effect and cannot provide good imaging quality, thus affecting the imaging analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides an in-situ non-destructive monitoring device and method that can quickly monitor all root images on the inner wall of the entire embedded observation tube, can generate high-resolution root full-size images with a size of ≥21.98x100 cm at one time, and can simultaneously record videos within the image acquisition field of view and take local photos of roots at any position, effectively solving the problems of limited imaging range in the prior art and the formation of water mist on the inner wall of the detection tube, which affects the imaging quality.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a plant root in-situ non-destructive monitoring device, including:

[0009] An observation tube, which is open at the upper end, closed at the lower end and embedded in the soil;

[0010] A monitoring probe, including a probe body, an image acquisition component and an annular supplementary lighting component. The probe body is centered inside the observation tube, and the image acquisition component and the annular supplementary lighting component are arranged at the lower end of the observation tube; A centering device, at least one and arranged on the periphery of the monitoring probe, includes an annular body coaxially fixed on the periphery of the probe body. At least two slots are evenly opened on the outer side of the annular body, and coding wheels are elastically installed radially in the slots, and the coding wheels are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the observation tube;

[0011] A retracting and ranging component for uniformly pulling and releasing the monitoring probe;

[0012] A control component, which is electrically connected to the retracting and ranging component, the coding wheel, the annular supplementary lighting component and the image acquisition component.

[0013] Further, the retracting and ranging component includes a sleeve, an electric wire reel, a cable and an encoder. The sleeve is hermetically fixed and covers the upper end of the observation tube. The electric wire reel is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve. The encoder is fixed to the rotating end of the electric wire reel. The cable is wound around the electric wire reel and is electrically connected to the probe body.

[0014] Further, the center of the coding wheel has a shaft portion, and a follower blade is arranged on the shaft portion and on one side of the coding wheel. A moisture absorption box is fixed on the side of the coding wheel corresponding to the follower blade and outside the follower blade, and moisture absorption particles are filled in the moisture absorption box.

[0015] Further, the plant root in-situ non-destructive monitoring device further includes a heat preservation component; The heat preservation component includes:

[0016] A heat conduction plate, fixedly arranged at the heating end of the monitoring probe;

[0017] A shrinkable capsule, which has a heat conduction function, is hermetically fixed between the sleeve and the probe body and is on the periphery of the heat conduction plate;

[0018] A surface tube, arranged above the ground;

[0019] An underground tube, arranged below the ground;

[0020] A switching valve, the switching valve penetrates through the upper end of the sleeve through pipeline 1 and is communicated with the shrinkage bladder, and the two input ends of the switching valve are respectively connected to the surface cylinder and the underground cylinder through pipelines 2 and 3.

[0021] Further, the heat preservation component further includes:

[0022] A heating and cooling component, arranged on pipeline 1 and used for heating and cooling air;

[0023] A surface temperature measuring component, arranged in the surface cylinder;

[0024] An underground temperature measuring component, arranged in the underground cylinder;

[0025] An in-pipe temperature measuring component, arranged in the observation pipe;

[0026] Wherein, the heating and cooling component, the surface temperature measuring component, the underground temperature measuring component and the in-pipe temperature measuring component are all electrically connected to the control component.

[0027] Further, the heating and cooling component includes a box body and partition plates evenly fixed in the box body. The partition plates divide the inside of the box body into a heating chamber and a cooling chamber on average. A plurality of semiconductor refrigeration chips are evenly embedded in the partition plates, and the heat generating side of the semiconductor refrigeration chip faces the heating chamber and the refrigerating side faces the cooling chamber. The heating chamber and the refrigerating chamber are respectively communicated with the two output ends of the switching valve through connecting pipe 1, and the heating chamber and the refrigerating chamber are communicated with the shrinkage bladder through an electromagnetic three-way valve and connecting pipe 2.

[0028] Further, a pressure monitoring component is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the pressure monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component, and the control component is wirelessly communicatively connected to an alarm component.

[0029] Further, a water mist monitoring component is arranged in the observation pipe. The water mist monitoring component includes a light emitter and a light receiver fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the observation pipe corresponding to each other up and down, and the light emitter and the light receiver are wirelessly communicatively connected to the alarm component through the control component.

[0030] Further, a rain shield is fixedly arranged above the sleeve.

[0031] A method for in-situ non-destructive monitoring of plant roots, the method uses the in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots to perform periodic monitoring or irregular monitoring on the observation pipe, including the following steps:

[0032] a. Zero the encoder wheel data through the control component, and release the monitoring probe evenly through the retracting and releasing ranging component so that it moves from top to bottom in the observation pipe relying on its own weight. The encoder wheel emits a pulse signal to the control component every time it rotates 1°, and the control component controls the image acquisition component to obtain a horizontal 360° panoramic image once and send it to the control component;

[0033] b. After the control component receives the image signal from the image acquisition component, it calculates the depth position where the monitoring probe is located and continuously performs matching and splicing processing on the images.

[0034] c. After the monitoring probe moves to the preset depth, the control component automatically matches and splices the full-size image of the plant root system.

[0035] During the process from step a to step c, the control component can control the image acquisition component to perform video recording or taking pictures to obtain the wall image of the local position.

[0036] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the known prior art:

[0037] 1. On the one hand, in order to solve the problem that the imaging range of the prior art is limited by the length of the linear slide rail and requires secondary splicing and fusion, the monitoring probe has a centering characteristic through the centering device. In addition, by using the self-weight of the monitoring probe and the traction and release of the electric wire reel, the image acquisition component monitors the wall image of the observation tube from top to bottom. Compared with the driving method of the linear slide rail, the imaging range is not limited and secondary splicing and fusion are not required.

[0038] 2. On the other hand, in order to solve the problem that the inner wall of the observation tube forms water mist due to the humidity inside the tube and the temperature being lower than the dew point temperature of the air inside the tube, which affects the imaging quality, the vertical movement of the monitoring probe is used to make the shrinkage capsule expand and contract to form a pumping action, and heating or cooling is carried out according to the temperature value inside the observation tube to ensure the normal operation of the monitoring probe and maintain the temperature value inside the observation tube always at the dew point temperature of the air inside the observation tube, avoiding the formation of water mist on the inner wall of the observation tube and ensuring the imaging quality.

[0039] Specifically, the surface cylinder and the underground cylinder utilize the natural energy and the heat preservation property of the underground soil, and the air is heated or cooled by the heating and cooling component to make the electrical components inside the observation tube in the best working state, ensuring airtight heating or cooling of the electrical components and saving energy consumption.

[0040] 3. The present invention uses a pressure monitoring component to monitor the air pressure inside the observation tube in real time to judge whether the observation tube is in an airtight state, avoiding the situation that the outside moisture will enter the observation tube through the leakage point due to the observation tube not being in a sealed environment, which greatly increases the probability of fogging. When the control component judges that the pressure value is lower than the preset value, it makes the alarm component alarm through wireless communication to remind the scientific research personnel to check in time.

[0041] 4. Under normal working conditions, the optical receiver can receive the light emitted by the optical transmitter. Once the inner wall of the observation tube forms water mist, the water molecules will refract the light and the optical receiver cannot receive the light. The control component makes the alarm component alarm through wireless communication to remind the scientific research personnel to check in time. Description of the Drawings

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 Top view of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is Figure 2 Sectional view taken along A-A in

[0046] Figure 4 is Figure 2 Sectional view taken along B-B in

[0047] Figure 5 is Figure 4 Enlarged view at C in

[0048] Figure 6 Sectional view of the heating and cooling component of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 Sectional view of the present invention highlighting the water mist monitoring component;

[0050] Figure 8 Video recording diagram of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 In-situ root imaging diagram of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 Local shooting diagram of the present invention.

[0053] Reference numerals: 1, observation tube; 2, monitoring probe; 21, probe main body; 22, image acquisition member; 23, annular supplementary light member; 3, centering device; 31, annular body; 32, slotted opening; 33, coding wheel; 34, follower blade; 35, moisture absorption box; 4, retracting and ranging assembly; 41, sleeve; 42, electric wire winder; 43, cable; 44, encoder; 5, heat preservation assembly; 51, shrinkable capsule; 52, heating and cooling component; 521, box body; 522, partition board; 523, semiconductor refrigeration sheet; 53, surface tube; 531, surface temperature measuring member; 54, underground tube; 541, underground temperature measuring member; 55, switching valve; 56, heat conducting plate; 6, air pressure monitoring member; 7, water mist monitoring component; 71, light emitter; 72, light receiver. Detailed implementation manners

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0056] Embodiment: Refer to Figures 1 to 10 , a plant root in-situ non-destructive monitoring device, including an observation tube 1, a monitoring probe 2, a centering device 3, a retracting and ranging assembly 4 and a control assembly. Under the guiding action of the centering device 3, the monitoring probe 2 is driven by the control assembly to vertically move in the observation tube 1 to perform panoramic root monitoring imaging on the plant roots outside the observation tube 1.

[0057] Among them, the upper end of the observation tube 1 is open, the lower end is closed and embedded in the soil, and a diffuse reflection plate is provided at the bottom of the observation tube 1;

[0058] The monitoring probe 2 includes a probe body 21, an image acquisition member 22 and an annular supplementary lighting member 23. The probe body 21 is centered in the observation tube 1, and the image acquisition member 22 and the annular supplementary lighting member 23 are arranged at the lower end of the observation tube 1. Specifically, the image acquisition member 22 is a high-definition camera with a wide viewing angle. A glass cover is arranged outside the image acquisition member 22 for physical protection. The annular supplementary lighting member 23 is arranged outside the image acquisition member 22, and an annular LED white light emitting diode or other light emitting components with an annular supplementary lighting effect can be used, and is turned on during the root monitoring process to provide the required light environment for monitoring;

[0059] The number of the centering devices 3 is at least one and is arranged on the periphery of the monitoring probe 2. The centering device 3 and the monitoring probe 2 can be installed by means of threaded connection. The number of the centering devices 3 is preferably two and is arranged above and below the monitoring probe 2 for two-point limitation, so that the vertical movement of the monitoring probe 2 is more stable. The centering device 3 includes an annular body 31 coaxially fixed on the periphery of the probe body 21. At least two slots 32 are evenly opened on the outer side of the annular body 31. Encoder wheels 33 are radially elastically installed in the slots 32. The number of the slots 32 is the same as that of the encoder wheels 33 and is annularly and arrayedly distributed on the outer side of the probe body 21. The number of the slots 32 and the encoder wheels 33 is preferably 2-4. The radial elastic installation of the encoder wheels 33 enables the encoder wheels 33 to keep rolling contact with the inner wall of the observation tube 1. The elastic structure is a common prior art and is not shown in the figure;

[0060] The retractable and distance measuring component is used for uniformly pulling and releasing the monitoring probe. The retractable and distance measuring component 4 includes a sleeve 41, an electric reel 42, a cable 43 and an encoder 44. The airtight fixed cover of the sleeve 41 is arranged on the upper end of the observation tube 1. The electric reel 42 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the sleeve 41. The electric reel 42 includes a bracket, a reel, a rotating shaft fixedly inserted in the reel and a motor for driving the rotating shaft. The motor is installed on the side of the bracket. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bracket. The encoder 44 is fixed to the rotating end of the electric reel 42. The cable 43 is wound on the electric reel 42 and is electrically connected to the probe body 21. The cable 43 is arranged through the sleeve 41. The cable 43 is released by the electric reel 42. The monitoring probe 2 moves downward under the combined action of its own weight and the centering of the centering device 3 to perform root system monitoring;

[0061] The control component (not shown in the figure) is electrically connected to the retractable and ranging component (electric reel 42, cable 43), encoder wheel 33, annular fill light component 23, and image acquisition component 22. The control component is electrically connected to the monitoring probe 2 through cable 43 to output the root system monitoring image. The control component can be a control host or other control component that can be used for manual interaction and real-time image display. The control component has a built-in lithium battery, which powers the electrical components in the present invention through cables.

[0062] Based on the above, the present invention provides a method for in-situ non-destructive monitoring of plant roots. The method uses an in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots to perform periodic or irregular monitoring on an observation tube 1, comprising the following steps:

[0063] a. The control component resets the encoder wheel 33 data to zero, and the monitoring probe 2 is released at a uniform speed by retracting and extending the distance measuring component. That is, the electric reel 42 releases the cable 43 at a uniform speed. The monitoring probe 2 moves from top to bottom in the observation tube 1 under its own weight. Every time the encoder wheel 33 rotates 1°, a pulse signal is transmitted to the control component. The control component controls the image acquisition component 22 to obtain a horizontal 360° panoramic image and sends it to the control component. Figure 9 As shown, it is an in-situ root system image acquired by the image acquisition component 22 provided in this embodiment;

[0064] b. After receiving the image signal from the image acquisition unit 22, the control component calculates the depth position of the monitoring probe 2 and continuously matches and stitches the images;

[0065] c. After the monitoring probe 2 moves to the preset depth, the control component automatically matches and stitches the full-size image of the plant root system;

[0066] During step a to step c, the control component can control the image acquisition component 22 to perform video recording or photo taking to obtain a local position of the pipe wall image, such as Figure 8 and 10As shown, they are respectively the video recording image and the partial shooting image obtained by the image acquisition component 22 provided in this embodiment.

[0067] The in-situ non-destructive imaging of plant roots is realized by the device and method of the present invention. The full-size image of the entire root canal can be obtained at one time, and the video of the inner wall of the observation tube 1 can be recorded and the local roots at any position can be photographed. The present invention integrates the functions of tube wall observation, video recording, local photographing and automatic stitching. By controlling the movement of the image acquisition component 22 in the observation tube 1, the real-time growth state of plant roots can be obtained comprehensively, quickly, clearly and non-destructively. The whole monitoring process is simple and fast, greatly improving the working efficiency of obtaining root images in the wild and avoiding the workload and error of secondary stitching and fusion of images.

[0068] In addition, since the monitoring period of plant roots is long, the monitoring frequency will be adjusted accordingly and the monitoring time is uncertain. Therefore, it is crucial to create a good fog-free monitoring environment in the observation tube 1 for plant root monitoring. It should be noted here that the necessary conditions for the inner wall of the observation tube 1 to form water mist are sufficient moisture contained in the observation tube 1 (the moisture in the air is positively correlated with the dew point temperature), and the air temperature in the tube is lower than the dew point temperature. In order to avoid the formation of water mist on the inner wall of the observation tube 1 and affect the imaging quality, the following settings are made:

[0069] The entire monitoring environment in the observation tube 1 is kept in a sealed state to avoid the entry of moisture from the external environment into the tube and cause a relatively high humidity in the tube. Specifically, the cable 43 always maintains an airtight movement with the sleeve 41 during the winding process; the sleeve 41 is hermetically fixedly connected to the observation tube 1 in a dry environment with a relative humidity lower than 30%, and during the installation of the entire observation tube 1, it is ensured that very little moisture enters the observation tube 1.

[0070] In the case of less moisture in the tube, the dew point temperature at which water mist is generated on the inner wall of the tube depends on the current air temperature and relative humidity. According to the Magnus-Tetens formula, the calculation of the dew point temperature (Td) is as follows: a = 17.67, b = 243.5 °C. Assuming the temperature in the tube T = 20 °C and the relative humidity RH = 30%: Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure e = 0.3·23.35 ≈ 7.005 hPa, the dew point temperature Td ≈ 2 °C, and the safety temperature can be set to Td + 3 °C ≈ 5 °C.

[0071] The center of the coding wheel 33 has a shaft portion. In order to utilize the vertical movement of the monitoring probe 2, a follower blade 34 is provided on the shaft portion and on one side of the coding wheel 33. On the side of the coding wheel 33 corresponding to the follower blade 34 and outside the follower blade 34, a moisture absorption box 35 is fixed. The moisture absorption box 35 is filled with moisture absorption particles, which can be silica gel, activated carbon or other materials with water absorption effect. During the vertical movement of the monitoring probe 2 in the observation tube 1, the coding wheel 33 axially moves along the inner wall of the observation tube 1 in the slot 32. During the movement, the follower blade 34 rotates accordingly to disturb the air in the observation tube 1, so that the moisture in the air continuously enters the moisture absorption box 35. The moisture absorption particles in the moisture absorption box 35 have strong water retention performance and will not separate within a certain period of time after absorbing water. Through this setting, the relative humidity in the observation tube 1 is always lower than 30%.

[0072] And because there are electrical components in the observation tube 1 (including the probe main body 21, the image acquisition component 22, the annular supplementary lighting component 23, etc.), after forming an airtight environment for the observation tube 1, it is necessary to ensure the cooling of the electrical components to ensure that they are in good working condition and avoid heat accumulation when the monitoring frequency is high, which affects normal work. The present invention additionally provides a heat preservation component 5. The heat preservation component 5 includes a heat conduction plate 56, a shrinkage capsule 51, a surface tube 53, an underground tube 54, and a switching valve 55. On the one hand, the heat conduction plate 56 is fixedly arranged at the heat generating end of the monitoring probe 2, so that most of the heat generated by the monitoring probe 2 heats the air in the shrinkage capsule 51 through the heat conduction plate 56. The shrinkage capsule 51 has a heat conduction function and is hermetically and fixedly arranged between the sleeve 41 and the probe main body 21 and on the periphery of the heat conduction plate 56. The environment temperatures in the observation tube 1 and in the shrinkage capsule 51 are the same. On the other hand, in order to make full use of natural energy, the surface tube 53 is arranged above the ground surface and the underground tube 54 is arranged below the ground surface. It can be set 3 meters from the underground monitoring probe 2 to the centering device. The surface tube 53 can absorb solar energy or conduct heat with the air, that is, it can change the environmental temperature. The underground tube 54 can relatively maintain the temperature due to the heat preservation of the underground soil, and the temperature fluctuation range is relatively small. Here, since the optimal working temperature of the electrical components is T1~T2, and T1 is greater than 5°C, T2>T1;

[0073] In addition, the switching valve 55 penetrates through the upper end of the sleeve 41 through a pipeline 1 and is communicated with the shrinkage capsule 51. The two input ends of the switching valve 55 are respectively connected to the surface tube 53 and the underground tube 54 through pipelines 2 and 3. A heating and cooling component 52 for heating and cooling air is arranged on the pipeline 1. The heating and cooling component 52 can heat or cool the air according to specific needs to meet the normal needs of the electrical components. Specifically, refer to Figure 6, the heating and cooling component 52 includes a box body 521 and partition plates 522 evenly fixed inside the box body 521. The partition plates 522 evenly divide the inside of the box body 521 into a heating chamber and a cooling chamber. A plurality of thermoelectric coolers 523 are evenly embedded in the partition plates 522, and the heating side of the thermoelectric cooler 523 faces the heating chamber, and the cooling side faces the cooling chamber. The heating chamber and the cooling chamber are respectively communicated with two output ends of the switching valve 55 through a first connecting pipe. The heating chamber and the cooling chamber are communicated with the shrinkage bladder 51 through an electromagnetic three-way valve (not shown in the figure, mainly used to make the heating chamber or the cooling chamber communicate with the shrinkage bladder 51), a second connecting pipe. A ground temperature measuring component 531 is arranged in the ground cylinder 53, and a subsurface temperature measuring component 541 is arranged in the subsurface cylinder 54. A temperature measuring component inside the pipe is arranged at an upper position inside the observation pipe 1. The upper position is more sensitive to temperature changes and will not affect normal monitoring. The heating and cooling component 52, the ground temperature measuring component 531, the subsurface temperature measuring component 541, and the temperature measuring component inside the pipe are all electrically connected to the control component.

[0074] The temperature measuring component inside the pipe periodically (which can correspond to the monitoring period) and real-time monitors the air temperature inside the observation pipe 1, denoted as T3. When T3 > T2, the ground temperature measuring component 531 and the subsurface temperature measuring component 541 respectively monitor the air temperatures inside the ground cylinder 53 and the subsurface cylinder 54, and output them to the control component for judgment and comparison. The switching valve 55 is used to form a passage between the air with a relatively lower temperature and the cooling chamber. The control component adjusts the working power of the thermoelectric cooler 523 according to the air temperatures of the temperature measuring component inside the pipe and the ground temperature measuring component 531 or the subsurface temperature measuring component 541. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the working power of the thermoelectric cooler 523. During the downward movement of the monitoring probe 2, the originally contracted shrinkage bladder 51 gradually expands to suck the air inside the ground cylinder 53 or the subsurface cylinder 54, and absorbs the heat inside the observation pipe 1 until T3 = (T1 + T2) / 2 inside the observation pipe 1. At the same time, the heating chamber can accumulate a certain amount of heat for use when increasing the air temperature inside the observation pipe 1; when 5°C ≤ T3 < T1, the ground temperature measuring component 531 and the subsurface temperature measuring component 541 respectively monitor the air temperatures inside the ground cylinder 53 and the subsurface cylinder 54, and output them to the control component for judgment and comparison. The switching valve 55 is used to form a passage between the air with a relatively higher temperature and the heating chamber. The control component adjusts the working power of the thermoelectric cooler 523 according to the air temperatures of the temperature measuring component inside the pipe and the ground temperature measuring component 531 or the subsurface temperature measuring component 541. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the working power of the thermoelectric cooler 523. During the downward movement of the monitoring probe 2, the originally contracted shrinkage bladder 51 gradually expands to suck the air inside the ground cylinder 53 or the subsurface cylinder 54, and heats the inside of the observation pipe 1 until T3 = (T1 + T2) / 2 inside the observation pipe 1. At the same time, the cooling chamber can accumulate a certain amount of cold for use when reducing the air temperature inside the observation pipe 1; making more full use of energy and reducing energy consumption by using natural heat, the heat preservation property of the soil, and the heating and cooling characteristics of the thermoelectric cooler 523.

[0075] In order to further ensure the airtightness inside the observation tube 1, a barometric pressure monitoring component 6 is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve 41. The barometric pressure monitoring component 6 is electrically connected to the control component, and the control component is wirelessly communicatively connected to an alarm component. During the extension process of the shrinkage bladder 51 inside the observation tube 1, the air pressure in the observation tube 1 increases due to the sealed environment. The barometric pressure monitoring component 6 monitors the air pressure inside the observation tube 1 in real time. When the air pressure value cannot reach the preset air pressure value, it indicates that the observation tube 1 is not in a sealed environment, and external moisture will enter the observation tube 1 through the leakage point, greatly increasing the probability of fogging. When the control component determines that the air pressure value is lower than the preset value, it makes the alarm component give an alarm through wireless communication to remind the scientific researchers to check in time.

[0076] To avoid the situation when the barometric pressure monitoring component 6 fails or other structures fail, a water mist monitoring component 7 is provided inside the observation tube 1. The water mist monitoring component 7 includes a light emitter 71 and a light receiver 72 that are fixedly arranged corresponding to each other up and down on the inner wall of the observation tube 1. Moreover, the light emitter 71 and the light receiver 72 are wirelessly communicatively connected to the alarm component through the control component. Under normal working conditions, the light receiver 72 can receive the light emitted by the light emitter 71. Once the inner wall of the observation tube 1 fogs up, water molecules will refract the light and the light receiver 72 cannot receive the light. The control component makes the alarm component give an alarm through wireless communication to remind the scientific researchers to check in time. Wireless communication is a prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0077] In addition, in order to reduce the influence of weather on the present invention, a rain shield is fixedly arranged above the sleeve 41.

[0078] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots, characterized in that, Comprising: An observation tube, with an open upper end, a closed lower end, and embedded in the soil; A monitoring probe, including a probe body, an image acquisition component, and an annular supplementary lighting component. The probe body is centered inside the observation tube, and the image acquisition component and the annular supplementary lighting component are arranged at the lower end of the observation tube; A centering device, at least one and arranged on the periphery of the monitoring probe, including an annular body coaxially fixed on the periphery of the probe body. At least two slots are evenly opened on the outer side of the annular body, and coding wheels are elastically installed radially in the slots, and the coding wheels are in rolling contact with the inner wall of the observation tube; A retracting and ranging component for uniformly pulling and releasing the monitoring probe; A control component, which is electrically connected to the retracting and ranging component, the coding wheel, the annular supplementary lighting component, and the image acquisition component.

2. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 1, wherein The retracting and ranging component includes a sleeve, an electric cable winder, a cable, and an encoder. The sleeve is hermetically fixed and covers the upper end of the observation tube. The electric cable winder is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the sleeve. The encoder is fixed to the rotating end of the electric cable winder. The cable is wound around the electric cable winder and is electrically connected to the probe body.

3. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center of the coding wheel has a shaft portion, and a follower blade is arranged on the shaft portion and on one side of the coding wheel. A moisture absorption box is fixed on the side of the coding wheel corresponding to the follower blade and outside the follower blade, and moisture absorption particles are filled in the moisture absorption box.

4. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant root in-situ non-destructive monitoring device further includes a heat preservation component; The heat preservation component includes: A heat conduction plate, fixedly arranged at the heating end of the monitoring probe; A shrinkage capsule, having a heat conduction function, hermetically fixed between the sleeve and the probe body and on the periphery of the heat conduction plate; A surface cylinder, arranged above the ground surface; An underground cylinder, arranged below the ground surface; A switching valve, which penetrates through the upper end of the sleeve through pipeline one and is communicated with the shrinkage capsule. The two input ends of the switching valve are respectively connected to the surface cylinder and the underground cylinder through pipeline two and three.

5. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 4, characterized in that The heat preservation component further includes: A heating and cooling component, arranged on pipeline one and used for heating and cooling air; A surface temperature measuring component, arranged inside the surface cylinder; An underground temperature measuring component, arranged inside the underground cylinder; A temperature measuring component inside the tube, arranged inside the observation tube; Wherein, the heating and cooling component, the surface temperature measuring component, the underground temperature measuring component, and the temperature measuring component inside the tube are all electrically connected to the control component.

6. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 5, wherein, The heating and cooling component includes a box body and partition plates evenly fixed inside the box body. The partition plates evenly divide the inside of the box body into a heating cavity and a cooling cavity. A plurality of semiconductor refrigeration chips are evenly embedded in the partition plates, and the heating side of the semiconductor refrigeration chips faces the heating cavity and the refrigeration side faces the cooling cavity. The heating cavity and the cooling cavity are respectively communicated with the two output ends of the switching valve through connecting pipe one, and the heating cavity and the cooling cavity are communicated with the shrinkage capsule through an electromagnetic three-way valve and connecting pipe two.

7. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pressure monitoring component is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the pressure monitoring component is electrically connected to the control component. The control component is wirelessly communicatively connected to an alarm component.

8. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 1, wherein A water mist monitoring component is arranged inside the observation tube. The water mist monitoring component includes a light emitter and a light receiver fixedly arranged corresponding to each other on the inner wall of the observation tube, and the light emitter and the light receiver are wirelessly communicatively connected to the alarm component through the control component.

9. The in-situ non-destructive monitoring device for plant roots according to claim 1, characterized in that A rain shield is fixedly arranged above the sleeve.

10. A method for in-situ non-destructive monitoring of plant roots. The method uses the plant root in-situ non-destructive monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to perform periodic monitoring or irregular monitoring on the observation tube, characterized in that, Including the following steps: a. Zero the coded wheel data through the control component. Release the monitoring probe at a uniform speed through the retractable ranging component so that it moves downwards in the observation tube relying on its own weight. The coded wheel emits a pulse signal to the control component every time it rotates 1°, and the control component controls the image acquisition component to obtain a horizontal 360° panoramic image once and send it to the control component; b. After receiving the image signal from the image acquisition component, the control component calculates the depth position where the monitoring probe is located and continuously performs matching and splicing processing on the images; c. After the monitoring probe moves to the preset depth, the control component automatically matches and stitches the full-size images of the plant roots; During the process from step a to step c, the control component can control the image acquisition component to perform video recording or take pictures to obtain the tube wall images of the local position.

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