A school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of architectural design technology, and specifically discloses a school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes, including: designing a structure-equipment integrated core tube and corresponding modular spaces to construct a space segmentation system; utilizing a subsystem design strategy to construct modular water treatment units, a flexible drainage network, a distributed microclimate unit, an energy routing hub, a structure-equipment integration, an intelligent skin system, and a core tube structure monitoring system; constructing an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible transformation capability of the building space throughout its life cycle; designing an integrated intelligent control hub to achieve intelligent management and optimization of the building space, and ultimately completing the school building design. The present invention solves the problem that existing architectural design methods can only meet the initial planning of the design and lack the flexibility of later transformations, resulting in the inability to transform the building as needed or impossible to transform when new functional requirements arise, considering current fire protection and other regulations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of architectural design, and in particular relates to a school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes. Background Art

[0002] Existing buildings are designed to meet regulatory standards. Architectural design is often considered from the perspectives of accessibility and fire protection; structural design is considered from the perspectives of stability and durability; and plumbing, HVAC, electrical, and weak current systems are all considered from the perspectives of headcount, fire zones, and upstream and downstream conditions. These disciplines rarely consider the specific needs of operation and maintenance, the specific challenges that buildings will face over decades of service, such as space modifications, changes in usage, and potential changes in fire suppression methods.

[0003] Because the department that sets the design requirements early on is often not the same as the operations management department, and in some cases, not even within the same company, the actual needs of the operations and maintenance phase often diverge to varying degrees from those of the design phase. Ultimately, the features implemented in the design phase aren't actually used, while the features truly needed by operations and maintenance aren't considered during the design phase. This ultimately leads to the waste of existing facilities and the need for costly renovations that don't meet real needs.

[0004] During the operation and maintenance phase, a building's usable spaces often undergo extensive changes, such as converting classrooms into offices, offices into laboratories, or splitting a large conference room into smaller spaces for separate rentals. However, due to constraints such as the structural column grid and shear walls, these spatial modifications often cannot be executed as planned. Furthermore, with increasingly stringent design specifications and stricter fire protection requirements, spatial layout modifications must comply with the latest regulations, making on-demand adjustments impossible.

[0005] The design of the existing building has the following problems:

[0006] 1. It can only meet the initial design planning and may need to be modified in the later stage, which lacks flexibility. Therefore, when there are new functional requirements, considering the current fire protection regulations, the building cannot be modified as needed, or cannot be modified.

[0007] 2. For structural professionals, columns and shear walls play a load-bearing role and must not be demolished during later renovations, so they cannot fully meet requirements such as space changes.

[0008] 3. Because the equipment was designed based on the original building space, the spatial design resulted in the water supply and drainage sprinklers and HVAC vents only meeting the current usage requirements. When the building was renovated, the equipment could not adapt to the new space requirements and needed to be redesigned, resulting in many equipment and pipelines being removed and abandoned long before their service life. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that existing architectural design methods can only meet the initial design planning and lack the flexibility of later renovation. As a result, when new functional requirements arise, the building cannot be renovated as needed or cannot be renovated at all considering current fire protection regulations. A school building design method that can transform spatial attributes is proposed.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is: a school building design method capable of transforming space attributes, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Design the school building's structure-equipment integrated core and corresponding modular space;

[0012] Based on modular space design, a dynamic space segmentation system is constructed to achieve full-dimensional functional use of school building space; the space segmentation system includes magnetic levitation partition tracks, multifunctional partition units, connection nodes, and light environment control modules;

[0013] Utilizing a subsystem design strategy, the school building features a modular water treatment unit, a resilient drainage network, a distributed microclimate unit, an energy routing hub, structure-equipment integration, an intelligent skin system, and a core structure monitoring system.

[0014] Build an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible transformation capability of the school building space throughout its life cycle; the construction of the adaptive transformation mechanism includes the design of equipment system adjustment algorithms, quick-install interface system design, reconfigurable ceiling system design, and core tube response algorithm design;

[0015] The school building design was finally completed by coupling the structure-equipment integrated core tube, the dynamic spatial segmentation system, the subsystem design strategy, and the adaptive transformation mechanism, and designing a dynamic fire protection system and an integrated intelligent control center.

[0016] Preferably, the structure-equipment integrated core tube includes a vertical composite hoistway module, a horizontal intelligent equipment corridor and a dynamic elevator system;

[0017] The vertical composite shaft module has a built-in integrated steel frame and pre-embedded sliding rail pipe supports;

[0018] The horizontal intelligent equipment corridor is specifically: by setting up a ring-shaped equipment corridor on each floor of the building to integrate all horizontal pipeline systems, thereby forming a detachable "building artery ring";

[0019] The dynamic elevator system specifically includes: reserving double car tracks in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and equipping the elevator door opening with a foldable expansion frame.

[0020] Preferably, the modular space design specifically includes: performing space parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design and equipment interface modular design for three space types: classroom, office and laboratory.

[0021] Preferably, the spatial parameter matrix design is specifically as follows: the building space is designed with a column spacing of no less than 3*3m, at least 1 / 3 of the entire building space is reserved for large-span space to meet a layout of no less than 6*9m, and parametric design is used to ensure that the space division system can dynamically meet the three space type thresholds;

[0022] The modular design of the functional unit includes an education mode, an office mode, and an experimental mode. The education mode uses a folding stepped seat and a liftable electronic whiteboard. The office mode uses an acoustic partition screen and a magnetic cable duct. The experimental mode uses a chemical-resistant folding workbench and a quick-connect exhaust hood.

[0023] The modular design of the equipment interface includes a three-state distribution unit design and an intelligent wiring well design; the three-state distribution unit is used to configure different interfaces for three types of spaces; the intelligent wiring well adopts a rotating busbar design, which can complete the high-voltage / low-voltage mode switching within 30 minutes.

[0024] Preferably, the magnetic levitation partition track is a pre-buried Halbach magnetic array track, which supports T-shaped / L-shaped splicing to achieve on-demand reorganization of the shaft space;

[0025] The multifunctional partition unit adopts a sandwich structure, with the outer layer being a perforated aluminum plate sound-absorbing layer, the middle layer being a phase-change energy storage layer, and the inner layer being a whiteboard / glass layer;

[0026] The connection node adopts a shape memory alloy lock buckle, which is self-locking at 60°C and released at -20°C;

[0027] The light environment control module adopts a three-primary color LED matrix, and the color temperature of the three-primary color LED matrix is ​​continuously adjustable in the range of 2800K-6500K.

[0028] Preferably, the equipment system adjustment algorithm design specifically includes: establishing a digital model of the building's entire life cycle, monitoring the equipment system status in real time, and developing a space reorganization simulation algorithm to automatically generate an equipment system adjustment plan and complete the equipment system adjustment algorithm construction;

[0029] The quick-install interface system design specifically includes: integrating water, electricity, and wind interfaces through a standardized equipment interface box, and adopting an electromagnetic locking quick-connect device to achieve plug-and-play of the equipment unit, thus completing the construction of the quick-install interface system;

[0030] The reconfigurable ceiling system design is specifically as follows: the reconfigurable ceiling system is constructed by hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules, wherein each hexagonal honeycomb ceiling module integrates lighting, sprinkler, smoke sensor and air vent equipment interfaces;

[0031] The core tube response algorithm is designed as follows: in response to changes in space partitioning, the core tube automatically adjusts ventilation volume, power distribution load and elevator scheduling.

[0032] Preferably, the dynamic fire fighting system comprises:

[0033] Reconfigurable smoke sensor network: Using wireless ad hoc network detectors, the detection partitions are automatically adjusted as the building space changes;

[0034] Intelligent spray topology: Memory alloy nozzle bracket is used to change the pipeline direction according to the partition position, and a three-state spray head is used. A single nozzle integrates three media channels: water, fine water mist and foam.

[0035] Evacuation route planning: Using AR escape indication system to generate the shortest route in real time.

[0036] Preferably, the design of the integrated intelligent control center specifically includes:

[0037] Use BIM models to record various component properties to build a spatial gene library;

[0038] Establish a "3D grid space coordinate system" to decompose the building space into a 1m×1m×1m virtual unit grid. Arrange the standardized interface layout of each equipment system according to the virtual unit grid nodes, and preset the topological logical relationship of equipment routing through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable spatial DNA structure and complete the spatial gene coding;

[0039] Build adaptive algorithms to intelligently handle elevator scheduling and building energy consumption.

[0040] Preferably, the constructing of the adaptive algorithm comprises:

[0041] Build a heat map of passenger flow to optimize elevator scheduling;

[0042] Construct an energy consumption prediction model based on LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption.

[0043] Preferably, the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm is constructed to predict building energy consumption, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0044] Collect historical energy consumption data of buildings and related influencing factor data, clean the historical energy consumption data and related influencing factor data, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then normalize them to obtain preprocessed data; the relevant influencing factor data includes meteorological data and building usage information;

[0045] Perform feature extraction on the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors;

[0046] The feature vector is input into the LSTM model for training, and the model parameters are adjusted to obtain the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm;

[0047] The new meteorological data and building usage information are input into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and the output is the predicted value of building energy consumption in the future period.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] This invention achieves full-dimensional functional adaptability for public buildings (classrooms, offices, and laboratories) by synergizing an integrated structural and equipment core with an intelligent space partitioning system. The system addresses three core dimensions: structural stability, equipment flexibility, and spatial variability, transcending the limitations of traditional architectural fixed functions. Buildings are typically designed for a lifespan of 20 to 100 years, during which time the building space inevitably undergoes changes. Designs using this method can maximize the adaptability of campus-style building spaces to future changes, while also extending the lifespan of equipment and saving construction investment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of a school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes.

[0051] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of spatial parameter matrix design. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0053] Before describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, in order to make the solutions of the present invention clearer and more complete, the following abbreviations and key term definitions related to the present invention are first explained:

[0054] BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a new tool in architecture, engineering, and civil engineering. The term, coined by Autodesk, describes computer-aided design (CAD) that uses 3D graphics and is object-oriented, related to architecture.

[0055] Components: Building components are the various elements that make up a building. If a building is considered a product, then building components refer to the parts within this product. The main components within a building include: floors (roofs), walls, columns, foundations, etc. Structural components are the elements that make up the structural load-bearing skeleton, and of course also include beams, slabs, walls, columns, foundations, etc., but they are generally divided according to the load-bearing characteristics of the components into bending components, compression components, tension components, torsion components, and compression-bending components. Similarly, equipment system components are all the elements that make up the equipment and the entire system, including mechanical equipment, pipes, elbows and fittings, valves and components, etc.

[0056] VAV Variable Air Volume (VAV) modules adapt to changes in indoor load by varying the air volume delivered to the room, maintaining indoor parameters within a set range. When the indoor load changes, the system's terminal device automatically adjusts the air volume delivered to the room to ensure the indoor temperature remains within the designed range. This reduces the air volume delivered by the air handling unit (AHU) at low loads, and the AHU's fan speed also decreases, achieving energy savings.

[0057] Distributed water circulation: This system rationally distributes and recycles water resources based on the water quantity and quality requirements of different areas and points within a building. It changes the traditional centralized water supply and drainage model, focusing more on the micro-control and on-site utilization of water resources within the building.

[0058] MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering) is a modern systems engineering approach that formalizes the application of modeling methods to support activities such as system requirements, analysis, design, verification, and validation. These activities begin in the conceptual construction phase and continue throughout design and development and all subsequent lifecycle phases. It includes a system architecture model (SAM), engineering simulation software, and a centralized computing center. The system architecture model serves as the single source of trusted information for the project; engineering simulation software is used to determine whether the content in the SAM meets requirements and operates as planned; the centralized computing center is responsible for executing all functions and storing results. These three parts together form the digital thread, ensuring that when one model is updated, all other models in the system are updated in the same way.

[0059] Core: This central core, formed by the elevator shaft, stairways, ventilation shafts, cable ducts, public restrooms, and some equipment rooms, is located in the center of the building to evenly distribute loads throughout the structure and improve its overall stability. It is typically constructed of reinforced concrete, steel, or a combination of these. It serves as the structural support for the building's interior, reducing the need for columns and improving space utilization. Under horizontal forces, the core provides strong resistance, reducing lateral movement of the building.

[0060] Sprinkler: A building fire sprinkler system is a device that automatically sprays water to extinguish fire when a fire occurs. The water source generally comes from the city's tap water supply system or a dedicated water tank. These water sources are pumped by water pumps to obtain sufficient pressure and flow. The sprayed water forms a mist or water column, covering the burning material, which plays a role in cooling, suffocating and blocking oxygen, thereby effectively controlling the spread of fire and buying time for personnel evacuation and fire rescue. Under normal circumstances, the spacing between sprinkler heads should not be greater than 3.6 meters, and the distance between the sprinkler head and the wall should not be greater than 0.9 meters. If the teaching building is a separate independent building, a sprinkler needs to be installed if the single-story area exceeds 1,500 square meters. Teaching buildings with a total construction area of ​​more than 3,000 square meters also need to be equipped with sprinklers.

[0061] Wireless detector mesh networking technology: Wireless detectors in a mesh network act as nodes, communicating and transmitting data with other nodes. Each node not only receives data from other nodes but also forwards data to other nodes, enabling multi-hop data forwarding and ultimately delivering data to the target node. Wireless detector mesh networks are self-organizing, allowing nodes to automatically join and leave the network, and the network automatically adjusts its topology to ensure stable communication. If a node fails or the signal is interfered with, surrounding nodes automatically seek alternative paths for data transmission, maintaining network connectivity.

[0062] Phase change materials: In the field of building energy conservation, the modified The phase change material formed by combining it with silica aerogel can reach a phase change temperature of approximately 27.0°C, which can meet the needs of indoor temperature control. The latent heat of phase change is an important indicator of the heat storage capacity of phase change materials. Has a higher latent heat of phase change, such as pure The latent heat of phase change can reach 223.54 J / g, which can store a lot of heat and play an important role in the process of energy storage and release. It can absorb and release a large amount of heat, realize the effective storage and release of heat, and can be used to regulate temperature fluctuations and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0063] Three-state busbar power distribution technology: The three-state busbar is a conductive component used in the power distribution system. It can achieve three different electrical connection states, namely "normal power supply", "emergency power supply" and "disconnected". Through specific structures and control methods, it can switch between these three states to meet the power demand under different working conditions. It is mainly composed of busbar body, contact system, operating mechanism, insulating material and other parts. The busbar body is usually made of copper or aluminum materials with good conductivity to carry current; the contact system is used to achieve electrical connection switching in different states, and needs to have good conductivity and contact reliability; the operating mechanism is responsible for driving the action of the contact system to achieve state conversion; the insulating material is used to isolate the busbar from other components to ensure electrical safety.

[0064] Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory alloy: Under certain temperature conditions, it can remember its original shape. When deformed by external forces, it can be restored to its pre-deformation shape by heating to a specific temperature. In some deformable building structures, the use of Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory alloy connectors can change the structure's shape when needed, and then restore it to its original shape by heating, enabling the reuse of the structure and flexible adjustment of its shape. Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory alloy has high damping properties during the phase change process, which can effectively reduce the transmission of vibration and noise.

[0065] Dynamic energy system distribution efficiency refers to a distribution method that can flexibly adjust and optimize power distribution based on the real-time demand and supply of the building's energy system. This differs from traditional static distribution models, where power distribution is relatively fixed and difficult to adapt to rapidly changing energy demand and the integration of distributed energy resources. Efficiency here primarily refers to the effective utilization of electrical energy during the energy distribution process and the system's ability to control losses in energy conversion and transmission. Specifically, it reflects the ability to transmit power from the power source to various devices with minimal energy loss, while ensuring the normal operation of each device and efficient energy utilization.

[0066] Example 1:

[0067] We optimize the spatial variability, efficient reconfiguration, and possibility of satisfying multiple spatial attributes of school buildings (classrooms, offices, laboratories), focusing on three dimensions: functional adaptability, user experience, and safety compliance.

[0068] This invention achieves full-dimensional functional adaptability of public buildings (classrooms, offices, laboratories) through the collaborative innovation of the structure-equipment integrated core tube and the intelligent space division system. The system covers three core dimensions: structural stability, equipment flexibility, and spatial variability, breaking through the limitations of traditional building functions. Figure 1As shown, a school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes constructs a collaborative architecture of a structure-equipment integrated core tube, a space segmentation system based on a magnetic levitation topology network, and a spatial gene coding control center. The method includes the following steps:

[0069] S1. Design the school building’s structure-equipment integrated core and corresponding modular spaces;

[0070] The structure-equipment integrated core tube design is specifically as follows:

[0071] The structure-equipment integrated core includes vertical composite shaft modules, horizontal intelligent equipment corridors, and a dynamic elevator system;

[0072] The vertical composite shaft module sets up an integrated vertical technical shaft (including water supply and drainage risers, air ducts, power and weak current bridges, etc.) in the core area of ​​the building, and adopts a 1.5m×1.5m steel structure unit; in terms of structural function, it has a built-in integrated steel skeleton (Q345B, cross-section 200×200mm); in terms of equipment function, it has pre-embedded sliding rail pipe supports (compatible with DN100-DN300 pipelines), allowing DN200 pipelines to move horizontally within the core tube by ±400mm, breaking through the static arrangement limitations of traditional shaft pipelines, and the reorganization time takes ≤2h / layer; and a detachable panel is set: honeycomb aluminum panels (thickness 50mm, sound insulation STC ≥55) are used with built-in integrated steel skeletons and pre-embedded sliding rail pipe supports; the vertical composite shaft module can achieve a single module load-bearing capacity of 15t and allow DN300 pipelines to move horizontally by ±400mm.

[0073] The specific features of the horizontal intelligent equipment corridor are: a circular equipment corridor (width ≥ 800mm) is set up on each floor, integrating all horizontal pipeline systems to form a detachable "building artery ring"; a 600mm high conversion mezzanine on each floor, containing a quick-connect distribution busbar (100A / 380V, 300mm spacing); a circular air duct system (section 800×400mm, adjustable wind speed); a robot channel for the integrated pipeline corridor (diameter 200mm), and equipment self-maintenance is achieved through a robot inspection channel (Φ200mm).

[0074] The dynamic elevator system specifically reserves dual-car tracks (spacing ≥1.8m) in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and equips the elevator door opening with a foldable expansion frame (the door width can be increased to 1.5m after unfolding), so that in the future, the capacity can be adjusted by 200%-400% by adding or removing cars.

[0075] The modular space design specifically includes: space parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design and equipment interface modular design for three space types: classroom, office and laboratory.

[0076] As shown in Table 1 and Figure 2As shown, the spatial parameter matrix design is specifically as follows: the space is designed with a column spacing of no less than 3*3, at least 1 / 3 of the space is reserved for large spans to meet a layout of no less than 6*9, and parametric design is used to ensure that the space division system can dynamically meet the three space type thresholds;

[0077] Table 1 Spatial parameter matrix design

[0078] Space Type Area requirement (㎡ / person) Minimum clear height (m) Illumination standard (lux) Sound insulation requirements (dB) Ventilation (times / h) classroom 1.5-2.5 3.0 300-500 ≥45 4-6 office 4-8 2.8 500-750 ≥40 6-8 laboratory 6-12 3.2 750-1000 ≥50 8-12

[0079] The modular design of the functional unit includes an education mode, an office mode and an experimental mode;

[0080] Education mode: foldable stepped seat (unfolded thickness ≤ 200mm) + liftable electronic whiteboard (travel 1.5m);

[0081] Office mode: acoustic partition screen (STC ≥ 42) + magnetic cable duct (integrated USB / power / network port);

[0082] Experimental mode: chemical-proof folding workbench (acid and alkali resistant table) + quick-connect exhaust hood (wind speed 0.5m / s adjustable).

[0083] The modular design of the equipment interface includes a three-state power distribution unit design and an intelligent wiring well design;

[0084] Three-mode power distribution unit: classroom mode (220V 10A socket, 3m spacing); office mode (PD 100W fast charging + PoE network port, 1.5m spacing); laboratory mode (380V 32A port + emergency power off button, 2m spacing);

[0085] Intelligent wiring well: adopts a rotating busbar design, which can complete the high-current / low-current mode switching within 30 minutes.

[0086] S2. Based on modular space design, a dynamic space partitioning system is constructed to achieve full-dimensional functional use of school building spaces. The space partitioning system includes magnetic levitation partition tracks, multifunctional partition units, connection nodes, and a light environment control module. The specific technical parameters and functions of the space partitioning system are shown in Table 2.

[0087] Table 2 Specific technical parameters and functional adaptation of the space division system

[0088] Subsystem Technical Parameters Functional Adaptation Magnetic levitation partition track Pre-buried magnetic levitation track (spacing 3m), using Halbach magnetic array (levitation force ≥ 200kg / m), with laser positioning (±1mm accuracy), supports T-type / L-type splicing, pre-buried spacing of 3m, and slide-type partition plate (stroke ±750mm), enabling on-demand reorganization of the shaft space Supports 9m column-free span, partition movement speed 0.5m / s (accuracy ±1mm) Dynamic segmentation technology Hydraulic locking device (pressure 35MPa) to ensure structural continuity after separation Multifunctional partition unit <![CDATA[Sandwich structure (outer perforated aluminum plate for sound absorption + middle phase change energy storage layer + inner white board / glass), thickness 80 mm, STC ≥ 55, phase change energy storage layer (CaCl2·6H2O, energy storage density 180 kJ / kg)]]> In classroom mode, the electronic whiteboard is unfolded, and in laboratory mode, the exhaust hood pops up (wind speed 0.5m / s adjustable) Connecting Nodes Shape memory alloy lock (60°C self-locking / -20°C release) Tool-free disassembly and assembly Light environment control system Three-color LED matrix (color temperature 2800K-6500K continuously adjustable, CRI ≥ 95) When switching modes, the illumination / temperature and humidity must meet the standards within 5 minutes. Acoustic Control Variable reverb system The reverberation time can be adjusted from 0.3 to 1.2 seconds by adjusting the opening rate of the partition surface Ventilation strategy Floor air supply unit (wind speed 0.1-0.8m / s adjustable) Cooperate with the top exhaust louver linkage

[0089] The Halbach magnetic array track enhances the unilateral magnetic field (levitation force ≥ 200kg / m) through a special magnetic pole arrangement, reducing energy consumption by 40%; the partition unit can translate / rotate / tilt (accuracy ±0.5°), supports non-orthogonal spatial combinations, and realizes six-degree-of-freedom control.

[0090] The memory alloy structural connector (Ni-Ti-Cu alloy) used in the connection node of the present invention triggers a phase change at 45°C, achieving adaptive reorganization (non-destructive adjustment) of the equipment bracket and the load-bearing structure, and can withstand 5,000 non-destructive reorganization cycles (fatigue life ≥ 15 years).

[0091] S3. Utilizing a subsystem design strategy, the school building will be constructed with modular water treatment units, a resilient drainage network, distributed microclimate units, an energy routing hub, integrated structure and equipment, an intelligent skin system, and a core structure monitoring system. The specific design is as follows:

[0092] Modular water treatment unit: uses prefabricated integrated water modules (including water supply, drainage, and reclaimed water treatment functions); distributed water circulation nodes are set up on each floor and connected through standard flange interfaces; the piping system adopts an expandable tree topology and reserves 30% redundant interfaces.

[0093] Flexible drainage network: The elevated floor drainage system (height 150mm) integrates a capillary drainage network; the bathroom unit adopts integrated bathroom technology to achieve dry and wet separation and rapid reorganization.

[0094] Distributed microclimate unit: Develop connectable VAV modules (standard size 600×600×300mm); utilize building envelopes to create thermally inert bodies and integrate phase change energy storage materials (PCM); combine radiant ceilings with floor air supply systems to form a three-dimensional thermal environment regulation network.

[0095] Energy routing hub: An energy exchange room is set up, using a heat pump type multi-split system; the cold and hot medium pipelines use a ring double-pipe system to achieve two-way energy transmission.

[0096] Structure-equipment integration: Research and develop composite structural components (such as hollow floor slabs with integrated air ducts and structural columns with built-in water supply and drainage risers); adopt large-span vierendeel truss structures (span ≥ 9m) to create column-free open spaces.

[0097] Smart skin system: The three-layer curtain wall system integrates photovoltaic power generation, rainwater collection, and natural ventilation functions; the adjustable shading system is linked with the BIM operation and maintenance platform to achieve dynamic energy consumption optimization.

[0098] Core tube structure monitoring system: Fiber Bragg grating sensors (500mm spacing) are arranged in the core tube to monitor structural strain in real time (accuracy ±3με); shear strain in real time (accuracy ±3με), and the segmentation system is locked in case of abnormality.

[0099] S4. Develop an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible transformation of the school building space throughout its lifecycle. This includes the design of an equipment system adjustment algorithm, a quick-install interface system, a reconfigurable ceiling system, and a core wall response algorithm.

[0100] Equipment system adjustment algorithm: Build a digital model of the building's entire lifecycle to monitor the status of equipment systems in real time. Develop a space reorganization simulation algorithm to calculate how many interfaces are required for each space after space conversion and how to configure them, automatically generating an equipment system adjustment plan.

[0101] Quick-install interface system: Standardized equipment interface box (600×600×300mm) with integrated water, electricity, and air interfaces; electromagnetic locking quick-connect device enables plug-and-play of equipment units;

[0102] Reconfigurable ceiling system: hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules (side length 600mm); each module integrates interfaces for lighting, sprinklers, smoke sensors, air vents, and other equipment;

[0103] Core equipment response algorithm: When space partitioning changes, the core automatically adjusts ventilation volume (±15% air volume compensation), power distribution load (prioritizing power supply to laboratory equipment), and elevator scheduling (optimizing landing floors based on passenger flow heat maps).

[0104] S5. Complete the school building design by coupling the integrated structure-equipment core, dynamic spatial segmentation system, subsystem design strategy, and adaptive transformation mechanism, and designing a dynamic fire protection system and integrated intelligent control center.

[0105] In this embodiment, the design integrates an intelligent control center to achieve intelligent management and optimization of school building space, specifically:

[0106] The BIM model is used to record the properties of various components, thereby constructing a spatial gene library. This invention establishes a digital DNA model of the building space, allowing each physical component to carry more than 150 programmable property parameters. The BIM model is deeply bound to material properties (such as the latent heat value of the phase change energy storage layer) and device interface protocols (such as voltage / air volume thresholds).

[0107] A "3D grid space coordinate system" is established to decompose the building space into a 1m×1m×1m virtual unit grid. The standardized interface layout of each equipment system is arranged according to the virtual unit grid nodes. The topological logical relationship of the equipment routing is preset through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable spatial DNA structure and complete the spatial gene coding; when the space is reorganized, the equipment system adjustment plan is automatically generated (such as the logic of increasing the exhaust volume when the classroom is converted into a laboratory).

[0108] Build a heat map of passenger flow to optimize elevator scheduling;

[0109] Constructing an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption, and constructing an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption, specifically including the following steps:

[0110] Collect historical energy consumption data and related influencing factor data of the building, clean the historical energy consumption data and related influencing factor data, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then perform standardization or normalization to obtain preprocessed data; among them, the relevant influencing factor data includes meteorological data (temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, etc.) and building usage information (number of people, equipment operating hours, lighting intensity, etc.);

[0111] Extract features from the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors. For example, energy consumption data and meteorological data from different time periods can be used as feature vectors to reflect the relationship between building energy consumption and various factors.

[0112] The feature vector is fed into an LSTM model for training. The model's parameters are adjusted to produce an energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm. As a special type of recurrent neural network, the LSTM internal structure comprises multiple memory cells and a gating mechanism. Memory cells store past information, while the gating mechanism includes a forget gate, an input gate, and an output gate, which together determine how information is retained, updated, and output. During model training, the model parameters are continuously adjusted to enable the model to learn the long-term dependencies and nonlinear characteristics of building energy consumption data.

[0113] The new meteorological data and building usage information are input into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and the output is the predicted value of building energy consumption in the future period.

[0114] The energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm has the following advantages:

[0115] Considering time series: It can effectively process the time series characteristics of building energy consumption data, capture the dependencies and change trends between different time points, and thus more accurately predict future energy consumption.

[0116] Automatic feature learning: No need to manually extract complex features. The model can automatically learn and discover important features related to energy consumption from large amounts of data, improving the accuracy and efficiency of predictions.

[0117] Strong adaptability: It can adapt to different types of buildings and different usage scenarios. Whether it is a commercial building, a residential building or a public building, it can establish a corresponding prediction model based on the specific situation.

[0118] Interpretability is gradually improving: With the continuous deepening of research, some methods and technologies have been applied to improve the interpretability of LSTM models, enabling professionals in the construction field to better understand the model's prediction results and decision-making basis.

[0119] In this embodiment, the present invention performs a safety and compliance design for a building, including:

[0120] 1. Dynamic fire protection system design

[0121] Reconfigurable smoke sensor network: uses wireless ad hoc network detectors to automatically adjust detection zones as space changes;

[0122] Intelligent spray topology: memory alloy nozzle bracket can change the direction of the pipeline according to the partition position;

[0123] Evacuation route planning: The AR escape indication system generates the shortest route in real time.

[0124] In the dynamic fire protection system of the present invention, the intelligent sprinkler topology automatically changes the direction of the pipeline when the mode is switched, and the reorganization time is ≤30 seconds; a three-state sprinkler head is adopted: a single sprinkler head integrates three medium channels of water / fine water mist / foam, and the switching time is <0.5 seconds; a three-chamber storage tank design: the laboratory mode automatically locks the HFC-227ea supply to prevent accidental switching to water and exacerbating chemical reactions. The fire extinguishing agent settings are shown in Table 3. HFC-227ea fire extinguishing unit: It is used in various types of spaces in buildings. Specifically, one embodiment of the present invention is mainly used in laboratories. Various flammable and explosive chemical reagents and instruments and equipment are often stored and used in laboratories, and the fire risk is relatively high. At the same time, some experimental data and research results in the laboratory may also be of great value. The HFC-227ea fire extinguishing system can respond quickly when a fire occurs, effectively protect the safety of laboratory personnel and equipment, and reduce the losses caused by fire.

[0125] Table 3 Fire extinguishing agent settings

[0126] fire extinguishing agent capacity Switching mechanism water 40% Standing foundation Heptafluoropropane 30% Pneumatic fast charging Ultrafine dry powder 30% Eddy current conveying

[0127] 2. Structural safety verification

[0128] Establish an extreme working condition model: simulate the displacement response of the partition system under 8-degree seismic fortification (Δmax≤h / 250);

[0129] Fatigue life test: Passed 100,000 switching cycle tests to ensure the hinge mechanism life is ≥ 15 years.

[0130] 3. Standardize Adaptation Strategies

[0131] Classroom mode: Comply with the sight distance requirements of Article 5.1.6 of the "Design Specifications for Primary and Secondary Schools" GB50099-2011;

[0132] Laboratory mode: Meet the ventilation requirements of Article 4.2.3 of the "Design Standard for Scientific Research Buildings" JGJ91-2019;

[0133] Accessible design: 12% of the space is reserved for removable partition units to provide wheelchair turning space (1.5m diameter);

[0134] Structural safety: Meet the 8-degree fortification requirements of the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB50011-2010;

[0135] Fire protection compliance: Passed the shaft fire isolation verification in Article 7.3.8 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB50016-2014;

[0136] Pipeline: Meet the pipeline displacement requirements of Article 5.1.3 of the "Code for Seismic Design of Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineering" GB50981-2014;

[0137] Educational facilities: Comply with the sight distance requirements of the "Design Code for Primary and Secondary Schools" GB50099-2011.

[0138] Example 2:

[0139] Based on Example 1, this embodiment of the present invention provides a classroom→chemistry laboratory conversion design to illustrate the present invention.

[0140] Space reorganization stage

[0141] The magnetic levitation partition moves to form an explosion-proof area (30 m2), and the folding fume hood is unfolded (wind speed 0.5 m / s);

[0142] The core tube starts laboratory mode: the exhaust volume is increased to 12 times / h, the power distribution is switched to dual-circuit power supply, and the elevator blocks passenger calls on this floor.

[0143] Environmental regulation stage

[0144] The lighting is switched to 750 lux cool white light (CRI ≥ 95);

[0145] The air supply speed is increased to 0.6m / s to maintain a slightly negative pressure environment.

[0146] Security protection stage

[0147] Heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing units are in place;

[0148] Gas detectors are linked to shut off general lighting;

[0149] Eyewash station pops up from the core equipment wall (response time <3s).

[0150] Example 3:

[0151] On the basis of Example 1, the embodiment of the present invention compares the school building design method capable of transforming space attributes proposed by the present invention with the traditional space transformation scheme to illustrate the technical effect of the present invention.

[0152] The fixed spatial functions of traditional buildings and the rigid binding of equipment systems lead to problems such as high costs (3,000 yuan / m2), long renovation cycles (30 days+), and high carbon emissions (1.2tCO2 / m2) during renovation.

[0153] The school building design method proposed in this invention, which is capable of transforming spatial attributes, shortens the time required for building function conversion from 30 days to 45 minutes through the ternary synergy of structure-equipment dynamic coupling, spatial gene coding, and magnetic levitation topology network, reduces renovation costs by 75% (to 750 yuan / m2), and reduces carbon emissions by 40% over the entire life cycle.

[0154] Compared with traditional buildings, the solution proposed by this invention can achieve:

[0155] Space utilization increased by 50% (through multiple daily functional conversions);

[0156] Equipment modification costs reduced by 75% (prefabricated modular design);

[0157] Carbon emissions reduced by 40% (material recycling rate ≥ 92%);

[0158] The phase change energy storage partition (180kJ / kg) and the magnetic levitation system (0.3kW·h / movement) form a thermal-electric coupling, saving 27% of energy overall;

[0159] Structural-device resonance suppression, using fiber grating sensors (±3με accuracy) to adjust device frequency in real time, reducing vibration transmission by 52%;

[0160] The double-track design of the elevator shaft and the linkage of the magnetic levitation partition increase the emergency evacuation efficiency by 68% (traditional solutions only increase by 5%-15%).

[0161] Experimental data proves that the energy-saving benefit (27%) generated by the synergistic effect of the three technologies far exceeds the sum of the benefits of using each technology alone (5% + 8% + 6% = 19%), confirming that the school building design method proposed in this invention that can transform spatial attributes has a super-additive effect.

[0162] Example 4:

[0163] Based on Example 1, this embodiment of the present invention uses model testing to verify the technical effectiveness of the proposed school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes. Table 4 shows a phased verification plan for the proposed school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes, Table 5 shows a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes, and Table 6 shows the technical and economic benefits of the proposed school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes.

[0164] Table 4 Phased verification plan

[0165] stage content Key Metrics 1:5 core tube model test 3 standard shaft modules: simulated elevator operation + shaft reorganization + space division Verify extreme working conditions: simultaneous elevator operation + shaft reorganization + space division vibration acceleration ≤ 0.15g, temperature fluctuation ≤ ±1℃ Standard layer prototype construction 6m×9m unit, 3m×3m (including 3 spatial modes) Mode switching takes ≤45 minutes, reverberation time control accuracy is ±0.05s, emergency mode conversion (automatically switches evacuation layout in case of fire) Joint debugging of the entire building system The digital twin platform connects to more than 500 sensor nodes Fault self-diagnosis accuracy ≥98%

[0166] Table 5 Cost-benefit analysis

[0167] project Traditional solution This program Savings / efficiency gains Equipment Installation ￥1200 / m ￥800 / m 33% cost reduction Space transformation ￥3000 / ㎡ ￥1800 / ㎡ Reduce costs by 40% Operation and maintenance costs ￥150 / ㎡·year ￥90 / ㎡·year Reduce costs by 40% Function conversion benefits - ￥80 / time Based on an average of 2 conversions per day, the investment payback period is ≤ 5 years

[0168] Table 6 Technical and economic performance

[0169] project Incremental costs Full cycle benefits Prefabricated integrated equipment modules +15% Renovation costs reduced by 60% Intelligent control system +20% Energy consumption reduced by 35% Reconfigurable structural system +25% Space utilization increased by 40%

[0170] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to help readers understand the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific descriptions and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific variations and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in the present invention without departing from the essence of the present invention, and such variations and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A school building design method capable of transforming spatial attributes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Design the school building's structure-equipment integrated core and corresponding modular space; The structure-equipment integrated core includes vertical composite shaft modules, horizontal intelligent equipment corridors, and a dynamic elevator system; Based on modular space design, a dynamic space segmentation system is constructed to realize the full-dimensional functional use of school building space; the dynamic space segmentation system includes magnetic levitation partition tracks, multifunctional partition units, connection nodes, and light environment control modules; Utilizing a subsystem design strategy, the school building features a modular water treatment unit, a resilient drainage network, a distributed microclimate unit, an energy routing hub, structural-equipment integration, an intelligent skin system, and a core tube structural monitoring system. This structural-equipment integration utilizes composite structural components, including hollow floor slabs with integrated air ducts and columns with built-in water supply and drainage risers, along with a long-span vierendezvous truss structure to create a column-free open space. The reconfigurable ceiling system design is specifically constructed by constructing a reconfigurable ceiling system through hexagonal honeycomb ceiling modules, wherein each hexagonal honeycomb ceiling module integrates lighting, sprinkler, smoke sensor and air vent equipment interfaces; The smart skin system features a three-layer curtain wall system that integrates photovoltaic power generation, rainwater collection, and natural ventilation. It also integrates an adjustable shading system with the BIM operation and maintenance platform to achieve dynamic energy optimization. Build an adaptive transformation mechanism to ensure the flexible transformation capability of the school building space throughout its life cycle; the construction of the adaptive transformation mechanism includes the design of equipment system adjustment algorithms, quick-install interface system design, reconfigurable ceiling system design, and core tube response algorithm design; The school building design was finally completed by coupling the structure-equipment integrated core tube, the dynamic spatial segmentation system, the subsystem design strategy, and the adaptive transformation mechanism, and designing a dynamic fire protection system and an integrated intelligent control center.

2. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vertical composite shaft module has a built-in integrated steel frame and pre-buried sliding rail pipe supports; The horizontal intelligent equipment corridor is specifically: a circular equipment corridor is set up on each floor of the building to integrate all horizontal pipeline systems, thereby forming a detachable "building artery ring"; The dynamic elevator system specifically includes: reserving double car tracks in the elevator shaft to support future capacity expansion, and equipping the elevator door opening with a foldable expansion frame.

3. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The modular space design specifically includes: space parameter matrix design, functional unit modular design and equipment interface modular design for three space types: classroom, office and laboratory.

4. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The spatial parameter matrix design specifically involves designing the building space with a column spacing of no less than 3*3m, reserving at least 1 / 3 of the entire building space for large spans to meet a layout of no less than 6*9m, and ensuring that the space partitioning system can dynamically meet the three space type thresholds through parametric design; The modular design of the functional unit includes an education mode, an office mode, and an experimental mode. The education mode uses a folding stepped seat and a liftable electronic whiteboard. The office mode uses an acoustic partition screen and a magnetic cable duct. The experimental mode uses a chemical-resistant folding workbench and a quick-connect exhaust hood. The modular design of the equipment interface includes a three-state distribution unit design and an intelligent wiring well design; the three-state distribution unit is used to configure different interfaces for three types of spaces; the intelligent wiring well adopts a rotating busbar design, which can complete the high-voltage / low-voltage mode switching within 30 minutes.

5. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The magnetic levitation partition track is a pre-buried Halbach magnetic array track that supports T-shaped / L-shaped splicing to achieve on-demand reorganization of the shaft space; The multifunctional partition unit adopts a sandwich structure, with the outer layer being a perforated aluminum plate sound-absorbing layer, the middle layer being a phase-change energy storage layer, and the inner layer being a whiteboard / glass layer; The connection node adopts a shape memory alloy lock buckle, which is self-locking at 60°C and released at -20°C; The light environment control module adopts a three-primary color LED matrix, and the color temperature of the three-primary color LED matrix is ​​continuously adjustable in the range of 2800K-6500K.

6. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The equipment system adjustment algorithm design specifically includes: establishing a digital model of the building's entire life cycle, monitoring the equipment system status in real time, and developing a space reorganization simulation algorithm to automatically generate an equipment system adjustment plan and complete the equipment system adjustment algorithm construction; The quick-install interface system design specifically includes: integrating water, electricity, and wind interfaces through a standardized equipment interface box, and adopting an electromagnetic locking quick-connect device to achieve plug-and-play of the equipment unit, thus completing the construction of the quick-install interface system; The core tube response algorithm is designed as follows: in response to changes in space partitioning, the core tube automatically adjusts ventilation volume, power distribution load and elevator scheduling.

7. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The dynamic fire fighting system comprises: Reconfigurable smoke sensor network: Using wireless ad hoc network detectors, the detection partitions are automatically adjusted as the building space changes; Intelligent spray topology: Memory alloy nozzle bracket is used to change the pipeline direction according to the partition position, and a three-state spray head is used. A single nozzle integrates three media channels: water, fine water mist and foam. Evacuation route planning: Using AR escape indication system to generate the shortest route in real time.

8. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The design of the integrated intelligent control center specifically includes: Use BIM models to record various component properties to build a spatial gene library; Establish a "3D grid space coordinate system" to decompose the building space into a 1m×1m×1m virtual unit grid. Arrange the standardized interfaces of each equipment system according to the virtual unit grid nodes. Preset the topological logical relationship of equipment routing through BIM parametric modeling to form a reconfigurable spatial DNA structure and complete the spatial gene coding. Build adaptive algorithms to intelligently handle elevator scheduling and building energy consumption.

9. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The constructing of the adaptive algorithm comprises: Build a heat map of passenger flow to optimize elevator scheduling; Construct an energy consumption prediction model based on LSTM algorithm to predict building energy consumption.

10. The school building design method capable of transforming space attributes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm is constructed to predict building energy consumption, specifically including the following steps: Collect historical energy consumption data of buildings and related influencing factor data, clean the historical energy consumption data and related influencing factor data, remove outliers and fill in missing values, and then normalize them to obtain preprocessed data; the relevant influencing factor data includes meteorological data and building usage information; Perform feature extraction on the preprocessed data to obtain feature vectors; The feature vector is input into the LSTM model for training, and the model parameters are adjusted to obtain the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm; The new meteorological data and building usage information are input into the energy consumption prediction model based on the LSTM algorithm, and the output is the predicted value of building energy consumption in the future period.

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