Intelligent backpack software and hardware system based on ultrahigh frequency RFID and passive tag

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent backpack software and hardware system based on an ultrahigh frequency RFID and a passive tag. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system comprises an RFID read-write module, a positioning module, a low-power-consumption Bluetooth communication module, a cellular mobile data communication module, a cloud service module, a power management module, a data display module, an MQTT communication module and a core control unit. The RFID read-write module reads and writes a label in the backpack; the low-power-consumption Bluetooth communication module communicates with the cloud service module; the cellular mobile data communication module interacts with the MQTT communication module; the positioning module is responsible for positioning; the cloud service module provides a database and mobile software for managing the backpack; the power supply management module performs power supply management on the backpack; the data display module displays the backpack information; the MQTT communication module is connected with the cloud service module and the backpack when no Bluetooth is available; the core control unit provides system control and data processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ultra-high frequency RFID and passive tags. Specifically, it relates to an intelligent backpack software and hardware system based on ultra-high frequency RFID and passive tags. Based on low-power Bluetooth communication, MQTT communication, positioning technology, and RFID and passive tag technology, it realizes the intelligent management of personal items. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous increase of personal items, people's demand for personal item management is growing day by day. Especially in the fast-paced modern life, efficient and convenient item tracking and management become particularly important.

[0003] Currently, the development of wireless positioning technology is rapid, covering a variety of different technical methods, and each method has its specific application scenarios and advantages. Such as Wi-Fi positioning technology, Bluetooth positioning technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning technology, etc. And the most suitable for backpacks is the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID technology used in combination with passive tags.

[0004] The ultra-high frequency RFID technology uses radio waves to identify and track items with RFID tags, realizing automated positioning and tracking management. The ultra-high frequency RFID technology is particularly suitable for scenarios that require rapid identification and processing of a large number of items, such as logistics centers, warehouse management, etc. Its advantages are that it can penetrate most non-metallic materials and simultaneously identify multiple tags within a certain distance, providing a relatively high identification speed and a relatively long reading distance, usually up to several meters to more than ten meters. In terms of research and development, the current progress mainly focuses on improving the identification accuracy of RFID tags, enhancing the signal penetration ability, reducing the system cost, and improving the ability to simultaneously identify multiple tags. With the maturity of the technology, the application scope of ultra-high frequency RFID intelligent backpacks is also constantly expanding, gradually expanding from the initial inventory management to personal item tracking, suitcase management, and even monitoring important equipment in the medical and security fields.

[0005] The tags for positioning using RFID technology can be divided into two types: active and passive. Passive tags do not require batteries. They obtain energy from RFID readers, which makes them low-cost, easy to maintain, and have an almost unlimited service life. Active tags are equipped with batteries and can actively send signals, usually used in application scenarios that require longer-distance identification and higher-frequency updates. Currently, the research on passive tag technology focuses on improving the identification accuracy, enhancing the signal penetration ability, reducing the cost, and improving the multi-tag identification ability. The research on active tags focuses more on improving the battery life, reducing the tag volume, and enhancing the data transmission rate.

[0006] The following technical problems exist in current RFID backpacks on the market: 1) High power consumption due to device hardware; 2) User privacy and data security cannot be guaranteed; 3) RFID-based backpacks involve devices such as RFID detection modules and high-computing-power CPUs, and the cost is relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a software and hardware system for an intelligent backpack based on ultra-high-frequency RFID and passive tags to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] The specific technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A software and hardware system for an intelligent backpack based on ultra-high-frequency RFID and passive tags, comprising: an RFID reading and writing module, a positioning module, a low-power Bluetooth communication module, a cellular mobile data communication module, a cloud service module, a power management module, a data display module, an MQTT communication module, and a core control unit;

[0010] The RFID reading and writing module and the positioning module constitute a data acquisition unit, and the low-power Bluetooth communication module and the low-power Bluetooth communication module constitute a communication unit;

[0011] The data display module interacts with the communication unit and the data acquisition unit through the core control unit to obtain and display the current status information of the backpack;

[0012] The communication unit interacts with the data acquisition unit through the core control unit. The core control unit processes the data collected by the data acquisition unit. The communication unit obtains the processed data and communicates with the cloud service module and the MQTT communication module;

[0013] The data acquisition unit collects data through the RFID reader in the RFID reading and writing module and the locator in the positioning module;

[0014] The RFID reading and writing module is an integrated design of an RFID reader and an antenna, and periodically scans and obtains the information of passive RFID tags in the backpack;

[0015] The positioning module consists of a locator, which is responsible for detecting the current longitude and latitude coordinates of the backpack to determine the current precise position of the backpack. By receiving signals from at least four satellites, calculating the signal propagation time and using triangulation to determine the current position, it can realize real-time tracking of the backpack position;

[0016] The low-power Bluetooth communication module is used to implement data and instruction transmission between the backpack and the cloud service software in the cloud service module; the low-power Bluetooth communication module supports the BLE low-power Bluetooth protocol, can perform wireless communication with multiple devices under low power consumption, and ensure the stability and real-time performance of data transmission; by connecting to the cloud service software, the low-power Bluetooth communication module can upload the data of the backpack to the cloud server or receive instructions sent from the cloud service module; the cloud service software is installed on terminal devices such as mobile smartphones and smart bracelets, supports users to query the status of the backpack in real time through mobile intelligent terminal devices, send control instructions or receive feedback information, and provides a convenient operation experience. In addition, after the low-power Bluetooth communication module is connected to the smart bracelet, it can also realize data exchange with the smart bracelet worn by the user, including transmitting backpack-related information, control instructions, etc. The low-power Bluetooth module can support data synchronization and coordinated operations with multiple terminal devices while ensuring low power consumption, and provide comprehensive intelligent interaction services.

[0017] The cellular mobile data communication module provides network connection services for the backpack and supports remote data transmission through the mobile network; this module can connect to cellular networks (such as 4G, 5G, etc.), provide continuous network connection for the backpack, so that it can still maintain communication with external servers or devices when Bluetooth cannot be connected. During the communication process, the cellular mobile data communication module exchanges data with the MQTT communication module and supports sending and receiving messages through the MQTT protocol; the cellular mobile data communication module can transmit the real-time data, status information or control instructions of the backpack to the MQTT communication module through the mobile network for remote monitoring and control; in addition, the cellular mobile data communication module also supports functions such as disconnection reconnection and network switching to ensure that it can still maintain the connection and data transmission with the MQTT communication module when the network conditions are unstable or a network switch occurs;

[0018] The cloud service module not only provides data storage services, but also allows users to use mobile intelligent terminal devices to view the status information of items in the current backpack, customize basic settings and device information management;

[0019] The cloud service module includes a Java backend and cloud service software:

[0020] The Java backend is deployed in the cloud service module, responsible for processing client requests and interacting with the database in the backend, providing interface services for the cloud service software; during the data interaction process, the Java backend receives requests from the cloud service software module and the MQTT communication module, parses the request parameters to obtain instructions and data, calls the corresponding database operations to query or modify the database content; the Java backend can provide query services for backpack information, including the unique identifier of the backpack, the owner user, the number of internal items, and the detailed information of the items; during the data processing process, the Java backend parses the query results and encapsulates the response data in a preset data format; after the processing is completed, the module returns the data to the request end for the cloud service software module to display or further process; in addition, the Java backend also supports multi-threaded concurrent processing and provides standardized API interfaces to ensure compatibility with other systems or services; the module communicates with the client through HTTP or HTTPS protocols and combines authentication and permission management mechanisms to ensure the compliance and security of data access;

[0021] The cloud service software includes mobile intelligent terminal device software:

[0022] The power management module includes a battery power supply unit and a power management unit, which convert the source voltage and current into the voltage and current available for the core control unit, the communication unit, the data acquisition unit, and the data display module, manage the power supply of the load, and detect the current power; the power data will be transmitted to the core control unit, displayed through the data display module, and transmitted to the cloud service module through the communication unit;

[0023] The data display module includes an LED display, a buzzer alarm device, and an OLED display screen:

[0024] The LED display is controlled by the core control unit, and the core control unit issues instructions to control the LED display to achieve different prompt effects according to the information received from the cloud service module, the power management module, or the MQTT communication module; for example, during the battery charging process, different color lights flash to distinguish the battery status, etc.

[0025] The buzzer alarm device is controlled by the core control unit, and the core control unit issues instructions to control the buzzer alarm device to achieve different prompt effects by receiving the information from the cloud service module, the power management module, or the MQTT communication module. For example, when an item is found missing, a rapid beeping sound is used to alert the user's attention.

[0026] The OLED display screen is controlled by the core control unit. The core control unit receives the information published by the positioning module, the cloud service module, the power management module or the MQTT communication module, and controls the OLED display screen to display the current status information of the backpack to the user;

[0027] Based on the MQTT protocol, the MQTT communication module adopts the publish / subscribe mechanism to realize the interaction between the core control unit and the remote MQTT communication module without Bluetooth connection. During data reception, the cellular mobile data communication module establishes a connection with the MQTT server deployed in the MQTT communication module and subscribes to a preset topic. When the MQTT server publishes a message to this topic, the MQTT communication module parses the MQTT protocol data packet, extracts the payload, and stores the data in the storage unit of the core control unit for subsequent processing. During data transmission, the MQTT communication module detects the data to be sent in the storage unit of the core control unit, and encapsulates the data into an MQTT protocol message according to the set trigger conditions, namely time interval, event trigger or external request, and publishes it to the specified topic. The MQTT communication module supports service quality level control and has a disconnection reconnection mechanism to ensure the stability of the communication process. In addition, it also supports TLS / SSL encryption, can encrypt the transmitted data, and combines with the authentication mechanism to realize remote data interaction and device control. When there is no Bluetooth connection, the MQTT communication module establishes a connection with the cellular mobile data communication module, and the backpack information is transmitted to the MQTT communication module through the cellular mobile data communication module. At this time, the Bluetooth connection between the cloud service software and the low power Bluetooth communication module is disconnected, and only sends instructions and obtains data to the Java backend, and indirectly realizes the communication between the cloud service software and the cellular mobile data communication module through the interaction between the Java backend and the MQTT communication module;

[0028] The core control unit is implemented by a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer hardware device includes a data processing unit, a storage unit, a communication peripheral interface and a radio frequency antenna, and an embedded real-time operating system is deployed. The data processing unit is responsible for executing various calculation and processing tasks, real-time solving the collected data, parsing the received messages and instructions, and controlling the corresponding modules to complete operations according to the instructions. The storage unit is used to store the RFID tag quantity, the current status and location message data of the backpack, as well as the temporary data generated during the operation of the core control unit. The communication peripheral interface includes I2C, SPI, UART and GPIO interfaces, which are used to connect various sensors and device display peripherals to ensure high-speed and stable data transmission. The radio frequency antenna is used to send data packets to the outside world by means of low power Bluetooth or wifi;

[0029] The data processing of the core control unit includes two stages. The first stage preprocesses the raw data obtained from the data acquisition unit to extract data information, and the second stage further processes and applies the data after the preprocessing is completed.

[0030] Furthermore, the passive RFID tag consists of an antenna and an integrated circuit. It does not require an internal power supply and is powered by receiving the electromagnetic waves emitted by the RFID reader. When the passive RFID tag approaches the RFID reader, the antenna of the RFID reader will emit a radio frequency signal of a specified frequency, and an alternating electromagnetic field will be generated in space. The antenna of the passive RFID tag receives these electromagnetic waves and converts them into electrical energy to activate the chip inside the tag. Subsequently, the tag sends the data stored in the chip back to the RFID reader through the backscatter modulation method. This process does not require internal power supply support, and the energy of the tag comes entirely from the radio frequency signal emitted by the reader.

[0031] Furthermore, the data collected by the RFID reading and writing module and the positioning module are both transmitted to the core control unit through the UART serial port for preprocessing, including the removal of redundant signals and the enhancement of weak signals. By comparing the changes in external information at the current moment and the previous moment, the number of passive tags within the current range and their changes can be calculated, and the position signals are processed to convert them into a format that is easy to read. Among them, the RFID reader in the RFID reading and writing module communicates with the core control unit through the UART serial port to ensure the stability and real-time nature of data transmission. The locator in the positioning module communicates with the core control unit through the UART serial port to provide position information support.

[0032] Furthermore, the database is used to store and manage the backpack information of different users. It contains multiple tables or data sets, which store the unique identifier of the backpack, the identity information of the owner user, the quantity of items in the backpack, and the detailed information of various items respectively. During the data storage process, the database associates each backpack with the corresponding user ID through the unique backpack ID, and the tags inside the backpack are associated with the corresponding backpack ID through the unique tag ID. The specific item information of the backpack includes the name, type, quantity, and status data of the item, and this information will be stored in a predetermined format to ensure the integrity and consistency of the data.

[0033] The database supports operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and querying the backpack information and the tag information inside the backpack, providing efficient data retrieval and update capabilities. By interacting with the Java backend of the cloud service module, the database can respond to requests in real time, query the information of the backpack, or update the backpack status when the user operates. The data storage adopts a structured method to ensure the efficiency and reliability of information access.

[0034] Furthermore, the cloud service software includes mobile intelligent terminal device software, specifically smart bracelet software and smartphone software. The smart bracelet software provides a way for users to interact with the backpack body, allowing users to perform real-time data exchange and command control with the backpack system through the smart bracelet software. When the Bluetooth connection is available, the smart bracelet software communicates directly with the low-power Bluetooth communication module to obtain backpack information. When changes occur to the items in the backpack, such as modification of the backpack name, addition or removal of items in the backpack, the smart bracelet software will receive corresponding data information and synchronize the changed backpack information to the Java backend. At the same time, users can send query requests to the Java backend through the smart bracelet interface to obtain various types of information corresponding to the backpack, including the quantity, types, and status of items in the backpack, etc. When there is no Bluetooth connection, the smart bracelet software only communicates with the Java backend, sends requests and receives response data, and displays the backpack information on the user interface. Users can query the information of the backpack according to their needs and manage the backpack based on this.

[0035] The smartphone software provides a way for users to interact with the backpack body, allowing users to perform real-time data exchange and command control with the backpack system through a mobile device. When the Bluetooth connection is available, the smartphone software communicates directly with the backpack through the low-power Bluetooth communication module. When changes occur to the items in the backpack, such as modification of the backpack name, addition or removal of items in the backpack, the smartphone software will receive relevant data information and synchronize the changed backpack information to the Java backend. At the same time, users can send query requests to the Java backend through the smartphone interface to obtain various types of information corresponding to the backpack, including the quantity, types, and status of items in the backpack, etc. During the interaction process, the smartphone software communicates with the backend JAVA service, sends requests and receives response data, and displays them on the user interface. Users can obtain the information of the backpack through the smartphone software and manage backpack messages based on this, such as adjusting the items in the backpack. The mobile software interface is simple and clear, supports convenient real-time interaction with users, can transmit commands to the backpack system, and ensures that the backpack can respond when receiving and executing commands in real time. The smartphone software ensures that each operation conforms to the user's authorized scope through the integrated user authentication and permission management functions.

[0036] Further, the preprocessing of the raw data obtained by the data acquisition unit in the first stage is based on the storage unit and data processing unit of the single-chip microcomputer; the data processing unit and the storage unit are the basic hardware components of the single-chip microcomputer. The former is also called the data calculation unit and is used to complete all numerical calculations on the single-chip microcomputer; the storage unit is used to store program instructions and data; all methods of data preprocessing need to be implemented based on the data processing unit and storage unit of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0037] The preprocessing includes the conversion from byte stream to tag information and the processing of location information;

[0038] The conversion from byte stream to tag information is used to process the tag data collected by the RFID reading and writing module. By detecting the presence of specific characters in the byte stream, the start and end positions of the tag information are determined, and the continuous byte stream is truncated into separate information for different tags;

[0039] The location information processing is used to analyze the real-time data transmitted by the positioning module to the core control unit; by detecting the presence of the positioning identifier in the byte stream, the positioning module can determine the row where the data containing the current location information is located and store the data in that row in the storage unit of the single-chip microcomputer; the location information can be transmitted to the data display module and can also be transmitted to the cloud service module and MQTT communication module through the communication unit.

[0040] Further, the second stage further processes and applies the data after the preprocessing is completed, including: packing the data into corresponding message packets and transmitting them to the low-power Bluetooth communication module or the cellular mobile data communication module for communication use; displaying the positioning data and power data through the data display module; comparing the processed data with the threshold or the data from the previous processing to judge the device status and make decisions, that is, alarming through the data display module or transmitting a prompt message to the cloud service software in the cloud service module to remind the user.

[0041] Compared with the products on the existing backpack market, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] 1) Most backpacks on the market lack intelligent support for item management in design, which is defective and inconvenient for both daily use and outdoor work. Especially when traveling on business, traveling, or in professional operations such as railway inspections, a large number of items often need to be carried. Using traditional backpacks has problems such as inconvenient item inventory and management, easy loss, and even potential safety hazards. However, the present invention can quickly identify and inventory these items, can quickly check the status of the items in the backpack, conveniently manage the backpack and the items in the backpack, avoid the loss of items, improve the safety and reliability of item management, and protect important property and privacy.

[0043] 2) The software and hardware devices and technologies adopted by the present invention are all low-cost. The overall volume of the invention is small and compact, facilitating installation and carrying. Moreover, the usage conditions are simple, without the need for additional auxiliary devices and there are no site restrictions.

[0044] 3) The present invention also provides a mobile software for users to use, which can be conveniently installed on intelligent mobile devices such as smart phones and smart bracelets. It is convenient to use, supports remote control, and can provide real-time and convenient backpack management for users. When using, users can query the location of the backpack and the status information of the items in the backpack in real time through the mobile phone software without being next to the backpack or taking the backpack off the shoulder and opening it. At the same time, when the status of the items in the backpack is updated or important events such as item loss or illegal movement occur, notifications and alarms will be sent to the mobile phone in a timely manner to remind users to pay attention.

[0045] 4) Most of the intelligent backpack products on the market rely on GPS positioning for item positioning, which have problems such as high cost, high power consumption, and privacy security. The present invention uses UHF RFID technology to achieve low-cost and rapid acquisition of item information. At the same time, the present invention uses passive RFID tags to further reduce the size and power consumption of the device.

[0046] 5) The communication technology used in the present invention is energy-saving, environment-friendly, and low-cost, and can achieve low-power and efficient data communication. The present invention adopts the switching of low-power Bluetooth communication technology and MQTT communication protocol in communication to reduce the power consumption and cost of communication. When the device starts up, it will first try to establish a Bluetooth connection. After the connection is successful, it will use low-power Bluetooth communication technology to complete data communication; if Bluetooth is unavailable or the Bluetooth connection is disconnected, it can switch to cellular data communication to complete data communication. 6) In the experiment, the present invention performed excellently in the test, with low device response delay, high efficiency, good real-time performance, and can continuously and accurately provide backpack management services for users. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is the system architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 is the flowchart of item verification after the APP application of the present invention is connected to the backpack;

[0049] Figure 3 is the flowchart of putting items into the backpack of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 is the flowchart of taking items out of the backpack of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 is the flowchart of deleting item information in the backpack of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 is the communication mode diagram of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 is the interaction architecture diagram for switching the MQTT communication mode of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 is the working flow chart of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0055] In combination with the following specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings, the architecture and working mode of the present invention will be further described in detail. The processes, conditions, experimental methods, etc. for implementing the present invention, except for the specifically mentioned content below, are all common knowledge and well-known common sense in the art, and the present invention has no special restrictions.

[0056] The present invention discloses an intelligent backpack software and hardware system for ultra-high frequency RFID and passive tags, including: an RFID reading and writing module, a positioning module, a low-power Bluetooth communication module, a cellular mobile data communication module, a cloud service module, a power management module, a data display module, an MQTT communication module, and a core control unit; the RFID reading and writing module periodically acquires tag information within a range; the positioning module realizes real-time positioning; the low-power Bluetooth communication module is based on the BLE communication protocol to realize stable communication with a smart phone or a smart bracelet; the cellular mobile data communication module supports interaction with a remote MQTT server deployed in the MQTT communication module, subscribes to messages from the MQTT server, and pushes data messages to relevant topics on the MQTT server; the cloud service module provides a database service and allows users to connect and interact with the intelligent backpack through a mobile application on a smart device such as a mobile phone, realizing functions such as item management, real-time monitoring, and data analysis; the power management module supplies power to and manages the power of the intelligent backpack; the data display module is used to display device information and status to the user; the MQTT communication module is deployed on the MQTT server, used to interact with the device through the cellular mobile data communication module in the absence of a Bluetooth connection, and provide data to the cloud service module; the core control unit is implemented by a single-chip microcomputer, providing control of the entire system and functions of data processing and storage.

[0057] The present invention provides an intelligent backpack software and hardware system for ultra-high frequency RFID and passive tags, mainly including the following modules, as Figure 1 shown: an RFID reading and writing module, a positioning module, a cellular mobile data communication module, a low-power Bluetooth communication module, a cloud service module, a power management module, a data display module, an MQTT communication module, and a core control unit.

[0058] Among them,

[0059] The RFID reader / writer module and the positioning module form a data acquisition unit, which is used to periodically collect the tag information of the items in the backpack and the position information of the backpack.

[0060] The RFID reader / writer module is used to read and modify the card number information and the data in the memory of the passive RFID tags on the items in the backpack, realizing real-time tracking and identification of the items in the backpack and providing dynamic item management. This module integrates radio frequency detection function and antenna function, and can activate passive RFID tags by transmitting radio frequency signals and receive the returned data signals. The RFID reader / writer module periodically scans the tags, reads the RFID tags of the items in the backpack, and analyzes and preprocesses the read data to further identify the number of items in the backpack and the status information of the items, including the name and missing situation of the items, so as to be able to monitor the information and status of the items in the backpack in real time. At the same time, the RFID reader / writer module supports UHF RFID tag reading, has a relatively large reading range, and supports multi-tag reading, and can comprehensively, accurately and quickly read the information and status of the items in the backpack, realizing a rapid and accurate inventory of the items in the backpack. The RFID reader / writer module also supports actively changing the legal status of the tags in the backpack and allows adding new tags or deleting existing tags, so as to realize a more flexible and diverse dynamic backpack management.

[0061] The positioning module is used to obtain position information and provide real-time positioning services for the backpack body. The positioning module supports multiple satellite navigation systems and can obtain the current longitude and latitude information in real time to provide position tracking.

[0062] The low-power Bluetooth communication module and the cellular mobile data communication module form a communication unit, which transmits the tag information of the items in the backpack and the position information of the backpack collected by the data acquisition module to the user terminal in the form specified by the BLE communication protocol or the MQTT communication protocol, and receives user instructions and data from the user terminal.

[0063] The low-power Bluetooth communication module is used to provide BLE communication subscription services and complete data interaction with intelligent devices at close range. The low-power Bluetooth communication module adopts BLE wireless technology based on the GATT protocol and supports Bluetooth 4.2 or higher versions. Initially, the low-power Bluetooth communication module establishes a Bluetooth server and sends broadcast messages. When the backpack is close to devices such as smartphones and smart bracelets, stable connections with these devices are established to provide data subscription services for the user terminal, directly upload and control data, and receive information sent by the user. Communication between the backpack and devices such as smartphones and smart bracelets is carried out through the low-power Bluetooth. Users can visually obtain backpack information and manage the backpack through the cloud service software APP installed on devices such as smartphones and smart bracelets.

[0064] The cellular mobile data communication module is used to provide MQTT subscription services. When Bluetooth is unavailable, such as when the backpack is separated from the body, the backpack will switch to the MQTT subscription service, and the MQTT service will complete remote data reporting and receiving. When connected to WIFI, the cellular mobile data communication module establishes a connection with the remote MQTT server and completes topic subscription. The cellular mobile data communication module periodically pushes messages to the MQTT server, including backpack location information and tag status information.

[0065] At least two topics are maintained on the MQTT server to receive backpack location information and tag status information respectively. The JSON content reported by the cellular mobile data communication module to these two topics includes: location information (backpack ID, location longitude and latitude), and tag information (backpack ID, tag ID). The backpack also subscribes to topics from the MQTT server to obtain APP requests forwarded by the MQTT server and perform corresponding operations according to the obtained request messages, including implementing the backpack separation warning function. The cellular mobile data communication module is based on the MQTT solution, supports 4G LTE or higher versions, supports interaction with the remote MQTT server, realizes message transmission from the backpack to the MQTT server over a long distance in the case of backpack separation, and APP message forwarding from the MQTT server to the backpack over a long distance.

[0066] The cloud service module is used to allow users to complete functions such as registration, login, activation of the backpack, and registration of backpack items, and display the situation of the backpack and the items in the backpack to the users, providing backpack management services. The cloud service module includes a Java server and mobile software. When Bluetooth is unavailable, the backend of the cloud service module requests backpack data and notifications from the MQTT cloud server. The cloud service module consists of two parts. One is the cloud service software, that is, the APP application applied to mobile terminals such as smart phones and smart bracelets, which is responsible for displaying backpack information to users and accepting user instructions. The other part is the Java backend program running in the cloud, including a database, a service layer, an authentication layer, and an interface layer, which is used to store backpack information, including user data, item data, historical operation data, etc. These data record information such as item names, whether the items are in the backpack, and the usage history of the items. The Java backend can process data requests from the cloud service software and transfer the data required by users to the cloud service software. The cloud service software provided by the present invention can be conveniently installed on intelligent mobile devices such as smart phones and smart bracelets in the form of an APP application. By using the APP application, users can obtain backpack data and notification messages in a timely manner, providing users with real-time and convenient remote backpack management.

[0067] The interaction between the APP application and the backpack is divided into two working phases: The first phase is when the APP application connects to the backpack. In this phase, the APP application checks whether the item information stored in the backend matches the item information in the backpack to check the item status. The second phase occurs after the verification in the first phase. At this time, the APP application and the backpack interact normally. In this phase, the user can manage the backpack normally, including putting in, taking out, and deleting items in the backpack.

[0068] The item verification process after the APP application in the first phase connects to the backpack is as Figure 2 shown. First, after the APP successfully connects to the backpack, the APP obtains all the item information of the backpack from the backend and notifies the backpack to send the label data of all the existing items in the backpack to the APP. Then the APP waits for the backpack to send back the label data. After receiving the label data sent by the backpack, the APP sends a confirmation message to the backpack. After that, the APP checks one by one whether the item information corresponding to the label is recorded in the backend. The item information records the status of the item. The item status refers to the status of the item being "in the backpack" and "not in the backpack".

[0069] If the item information corresponding to the label is not recorded in the backend data, for example, the item was put in when the backpack was powered off, then the APP will ask the user to confirm whether this item should be in this backpack. If the user confirms that the item should be in the backpack, then the APP will update the item information to the backend database. Then the APP continues to check the next item. If the user confirms that the item should not be in the backpack, then the APP will prompt the user to take out the item and request the user to confirm that the item has been taken out. After the user confirms, the APP notifies the backpack to resend all the item labels in the backpack and then re - performs the verification process.

[0070] If the item is recorded in the backend data, the APP checks whether the backend records the status of the item as being in the backpack. If the backend data records the status of the item as being in the backpack, then the item verification is correct, and the APP continues to check the next item. If the backend data records the status of the item as not being in the backpack, then the APP will ask the user to confirm whether this item should be in this backpack. If the user confirms that the item can be in the backpack, then the APP will update the status of the item in the backend database to being in the backpack. Then the APP continues to check the next item. If the user confirms that the item should not be in the backpack, then the APP will prompt the user to take out the item and request the user to confirm that the item has been taken out. After the user confirms, the APP notifies the backpack to resend all the existing item labels and then re - performs the verification process.

[0071] After matching all the tag information sent by the backpack to the APP, the APP also needs to check whether all the item information of the backpack retrieved from the backend has participated in the above verification process. If all have participated, then the verification ends. If there are still item information in the backpack item information retrieved from the backend that has not participated in the verification, the APP will check one by one the status of these items not participating in the verification recorded in the backend data, whether they are in the backpack or not. If they are not in the backpack, then the item is indeed not in the backpack, and the item information is correct. Continue to check the next item. If the record is that it is in the backpack, it means that the status of the item recorded in the backend data is in the backpack, but there is no tag of this item in the data actually sent by the backpack. At this time, the APP will request the user to confirm whether the item has been taken out. If the user confirms that it has been taken out, the APP updates the status of this item in the backend data to not in the backpack. If the user does not confirm that it has been taken out, that is, the item has not been taken out, then it is very likely that the item is lost. The APP alarms the user, prompts the user that the item may be lost, and then checks the remaining items.

[0072] When all the item information of the backpack retrieved from the backend has also participated in the verification process, the verification ends. The APP application has completed the inventory of the items in the backpack, including whether the items are lost or not. At this time, the interaction between the APP and the backpack enters the second stage, and the system works normally. In this stage, the user can operate to put in, take out, and delete the items in the backpack.

[0073] The process of putting an item into the backpack is as Figure 3 shown. The user puts the item (including the tag) into the backpack. The backpack can detect that the item is put into the backpack through the RFID reading and writing module. The backpack will report to the APP that an item has been added, and the tag information of the item will also be sent to the APP. Then the backpack will wait for the user's confirmation. After receiving the message, the APP queries the backend to see if there is such a tag. If there is such a tag, it means that the item has been put back into the backpack. The APP prompts the user that the item has been put back into the backpack. After the user confirms the operation, the APP sends the confirmation message to the backpack and updates the item information in the backend data. Putting the item back into the backpack is to update the item status in the backend data to in the backpack. If there is no record of this tag in the backend, it means that a new item has been added to the backpack. The APP notifies the user and requests the user to fill in the information of this new item. After the user confirms the operation, the APP sends the confirmation message to the backpack and updates the item information in the backend data. Adding a new item requires adding the information of this new item in the backend data. In the process of putting an item into the backpack, after receiving the APP confirmation message, the backpack will record the tag of this item in the local storage. If the backpack has not received the APP confirmation after a certain period of time, the backpack will alarm the user.

[0074] The process of taking an item out of the backpack is as Figure 4As shown in the figure. The user takes out the item (including the tag) from the backpack. The backpack can detect that the item has been taken out through the RFID reading and writing module. The backpack will report to the APP that an item has been taken out, and the tag information of the item will also be sent to the APP. Then the backpack will wait for the user's confirmation. After receiving the message, the APP will prompt the user that the item has been taken out of the backpack. After the user confirms the operation, the APP will send the confirmation message to the backpack and update the item information in the backend data, and update the status of the item in the backend data to not in the backpack. In the process of taking out an item from the backpack, after the backpack receives the confirmation, it will delete the tag of this item in the local storage. If the backpack has not received the user's confirmation after a certain period of time, the backpack will alarm the user.

[0075] The process of deleting an item from the backpack is as Figure 5 shown in the figure. The user selects and confirms the item to be deleted on the APP. The APP queries the status of the item from the backend. If the item status is not in the backpack, the APP directly deletes the item information from the backend. If the item status is in the backpack, the APP will notify the user to take out the item to be deleted from the backpack. After the APP receives the message reported by the backpack that the item has been taken out, the item is considered to be deleted successfully. After the item is deleted successfully, the APP needs to notify the user that the item has been deleted successfully.

[0076] In addition, after the APP completes the operations of putting an item into the backpack, taking an item out of the backpack, and deleting an item from the backpack, it also needs to record these operations in the backend database as historical operation data.

[0077] The power management module supplies power and manages the power for the intelligent backpack software and hardware system. The power management module completes the battery power supply function and the power management function, converts the source voltage and current into the voltage and current available for the load in the intelligent backpack software and hardware system, manages the power supply of the load, detects the current power and reports it to the APP application for display to the user.

[0078] The data display module includes an OLED display screen, LED lights, and a buzzer, which are used to display the item information in the backpack, the current position information of the backpack, the power information of the backpack, and issue alarm notifications, etc.

[0079] The above-mentioned data acquisition unit, data display module, and communication unit are all controlled based on the single-chip microcomputer in the core control unit. At the same time, the core control unit also provides data processing and data storage, and can complete multi-threaded tasks and timer work in the single-chip microcomputer, ensuring sufficient throughput and response speed, while reducing the quality requirements for hardware such as the single-chip microcomputer and reducing the cost of the present invention to solve the problem of high prices of market products.

[0080] As Figure 6As shown, according to the communication requirements in different scenarios, the present invention formulates a data interaction solution for the management and data communication of the backpack, which can switch between the low-power Bluetooth communication technology and the MQTT communication technology to meet the data interaction requirements for realizing intelligent backpack management with low power consumption and high efficiency. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system described in the present invention includes two switchable communication modes: the low-power Bluetooth communication mode and the MQTT communication mode. When the Bluetooth connection is successful, the communication unit of the backpack will provide a subscription service to the APP through the low-power Bluetooth module for message interaction. The backpack can directly send backpack information and tag data to the APP. When the items in the backpack change, the APP will also be notified immediately. At the same time, the APP can also send requests and confirmation messages to the backpack through the low-power Bluetooth to instruct the backpack to complete the command operation and obtain data; when the Bluetooth connection fails, the backpack will automatically switch to the MQTT communication mode. At this time, the backpack will communicate entirely based on the cellular mobile data communication module and the MQTT server. The backpack pushes the data to the topic of the MQTT server according to the MQTT communication protocol through the cellular mobile data communication module. Subsequently, the Java backend can obtain the latest data and notifications from the MQTT server by subscribing to the MQTT service, and the APP can request message notifications, user data, item information, historical operation data, etc. from the Java backend. In addition, the APP can also push requests and confirmations and other messages to the topic in the MQTT server through the Java backend, and the backpack subscribes to the corresponding topic from the MQTT server through the cellular mobile data communication module to receive instruction requests and confirmation messages from the APP, etc. When the Bluetooth connection is successful, the communication mode can also be switched back from the MQTT communication mode to the Bluetooth communication mode. The data interaction solution of the present invention allows the data interaction mode to switch between the low-power Bluetooth communication mode and the MQTT communication mode, which can not only meet the data interaction requirements of high efficiency, stability and low power consumption, but also adapt to more practical scenarios such as the backpack being separated from the body, ensuring strong adaptability and high reliability of the communication.

[0081] The interaction architecture of the system of the intelligent backpack software and hardware system described in the present invention when switching to the MQTT communication mode is as Figure 7As shown, after the backpack fails to connect to Bluetooth, it will switch to the MQTT communication mode and start using the cellular mobile data communication module. The backpack will carry the backpack ID to subscribe to the topics related to APP messages from the MQTT server to obtain APP messages through the MQTT server. The MQTT server will transmit this backpack ID to the Java backend to notify the Java backend that this backpack has entered the MQTT communication mode. After receiving the message, the Java backend will notify the user APP to which this backpack ID belongs that this backpack has entered the MQTT communication mode. After receiving the message, the APP will send a confirmation message carrying this backpack ID to the Java backend. After receiving the confirmation, the Java backend will subscribe to the topics related to the data under this backpack ID from the MQTT server to obtain the location data of the backpack and the tag data of the items inside the backpack. The MQTT server maintains at least one topic for each type of data to provide services, and the subscription and publication between different data topics do not interfere with each other. After switching to the MQTT communication mode, the backpack will push the backpack data messages, including location information and tag information, to the topics related to the data under the corresponding backpack ID on the MQTT server. At this time, the data information of the backpack is only sent directly to the MQTT server. The backpack data information in the topics related to the data under the backpack ID will be forwarded by the MQTT server to the Java backend that has subscribed to this topic, and the backpack ID of the data information will be parsed in the Java backend. According to the parsed backpack ID, the backpack data information will be pushed to the user APP that owns this backpack. At the same time, the messages that the APP needs to send to the backpack will also be relayed and forwarded to the corresponding backpack through the MQTT server. For example, the APP sends an instruction request message asking the buzzer on the backpack to give an alarm. Then the APP will send the backpack ID as a parameter and the instruction message to the Java backend together. The Java backend will push this instruction message to the topic related to the APP message under the corresponding backpack ID on the MQTT server, and the MQTT server will forward the instruction to the backpack that has subscribed to this topic. Finally, the backpack receives the instruction message and responds to the instruction request, instructing the data display module to drive the buzzer to respond.

[0082] The overall working process of the present invention is as Figure 8As shown, it includes the startup, activation, and communication modes of the backpack. First, after the backpack power is started, the activation flag of the persistent data in the backpack local storage is checked. If the backpack has been activated, the backpack will broadcast a Bluetooth connection request and wait for the APP to connect. If the connection is successful, the backpack will enter the Bluetooth communication mode, report the current battery level information and location information of the backpack to the mobile phone, and drive the RFID reader / writer module to collect all the existing tag information in the current backpack. The tag information is packaged into a tag data message. After receiving the data request from the APP, all the tag data is reported to the APP side, and then wait for the feedback message from the APP. After receiving the feedback message from the APP, parse the content of the feedback message. If the feedback message is that the APP notifies the backpack to retransmit the tag data, then the backpack will re-drive the RFID reader to collect all the existing tag information in the current backpack after receiving the message, and send this data to the APP, and continue to wait for the APP feedback. If the feedback message is that the APP confirms to the backpack that the item check is completed, the backpack will start to work normally and interact with the APP after receiving the message, otherwise continue to wait for the APP feedback message. If the Bluetooth connection between the APP and the backpack is not successfully established after exceeding the time limit, the backpack will switch to the MQTT communication mode to interact with the APP. The relevant backpack data is completely sent to the relevant topic of the MQTT server. The Java backend subscribes to the relevant topic from the MQTT server and forwards the backpack data to the APP. The APP also forwards the APP message to the backpack through the MQTT server.

[0083] If the backpack has not been activated yet, the backpack needs to make the first Bluetooth connection with the APP to complete the activation of the backpack. At this time, the backpack will wait for the Bluetooth connection with the APP until the connection is successful. After the connection is successful, the backpack is activated, and the backpack ID is sent to the APP. Then the backpack enters the Bluetooth communication mode. After the first connection, the activated backpack will set the activation flag of the backpack persistent data to indicate that the backpack has been activated.

Claims

1. An intelligent backpack software and hardware system based on ultra-high frequency RFID and passive tags, characterized in that Including: An RFID reading and writing module, a positioning module, a low-power Bluetooth communication module, a cellular mobile data communication module, a cloud service module, a power management module, a data display module, an MQTT communication module, and a core control unit; The RFID reading and writing module and the positioning module constitute a data acquisition unit, and the low-power Bluetooth communication module and the low-power Bluetooth communication module constitute a communication unit; The data display module interacts with the communication unit and the data acquisition unit through the core control unit to obtain and display the current status information of the backpack; The communication unit interacts with the data acquisition unit through the core control unit. The core control unit processes the data collected by the data acquisition unit. The communication unit obtains the processed data and communicates with the cloud service module and the MQTT communication module; The data acquisition unit collects data through the RFID reader in the RFID reading and writing module and the locator in the positioning module; The RFID reading and writing module is an integrated design of an RFID reader and an antenna, which periodically scans and obtains the information of passive RFID tags in the backpack; The positioning module consists of a locator, which is responsible for detecting the current longitude and latitude coordinates of the backpack to determine the current precise position of the backpack. By receiving signals from at least four satellites, calculating the signal propagation time and using triangulation to determine the current position, it can realize real-time tracking of the backpack position; The low-power Bluetooth communication module is used to realize the transfer of data and instructions between the backpack and the cloud service software in the cloud service module; It supports the BLE low-power Bluetooth protocol, can perform wireless communication with multiple devices under low power consumption, and ensure the stability and real-time nature of data transmission; through connection with the cloud service software, it can upload the data of the backpack to the cloud server or receive instructions sent from the cloud service module; the cloud service software is installed on mobile intelligent terminal devices, supports users to query the status of the backpack in real time through mobile intelligent terminal devices, send control instructions or receive feedback information, providing convenient operations; The low-power Bluetooth module can support data synchronization and coordinated operations with multiple mobile intelligent terminal devices while ensuring low power consumption, providing comprehensive intelligent interaction services; The cellular mobile data communication module provides network connection services for the backpack, supporting remote data transmission through the mobile network; it can connect to the cellular network to provide continuous network connection for the backpack, enabling it to maintain communication with external servers or devices even when Bluetooth cannot be connected; during communication, the cellular mobile data communication module exchanges data with the MQTT communication module, supporting sending and receiving messages through the MQTT protocol; transmits the real-time data, status information or control instructions of the backpack to the MQTT communication module through the mobile network for remote monitoring and control; in addition, it also supports functions such as disconnection reconnection and network switching to ensure that it can still maintain connection and data transmission with the MQTT communication module when the network conditions are unstable or a switch occurs; The cloud service module provides both data storage services and allows users to view the status information of items in the current backpack, customize basic settings, and manage device information using mobile intelligent terminal devices; The cloud service module includes a Java backend and cloud service software: The Java backend is deployed in the cloud service module, responsible for processing client requests and interacting with the database in the backend, providing interface services for the cloud service software; during data interaction, the Java backend receives requests from the cloud service software module and the MQTT communication module, parses the request parameters to obtain instructions and data, calls the corresponding database operations, queries the database content or modifies the database content; it can provide query services for backpack information, including the unique identifier of the backpack, the owner user, the number of internal items, and the detailed information of the items; during data processing, the Java backend parses the query results and encapsulates the response data in a preset data format; after processing, the data is returned to the request side for the cloud service software module to display or further process; in addition, it supports multi-threaded concurrent processing and provides standardized API interfaces to ensure compatibility with other systems or services; communicates with the client through HTTP or HTTPS protocols and combines authentication and permission management mechanisms to ensure the compliance and security of data access; The cloud service software includes mobile intelligent terminal device software: The power management module includes a battery power supply unit and a power management unit, which convert the source voltage and current into the voltage and current available for the core control unit, the communication unit, the data acquisition unit, and the data display module, manage the power supply of the load, and detect the current battery level; the battery level data is transmitted to the core control unit, displayed through the data display module, and transmitted to the cloud service module through the communication unit; The data display module includes an LED display, a buzzer alarm device, and an OLED display screen; The LED display is controlled by the core control unit, and the core control unit issues instructions to control the LED display to achieve different prompting effects according to the information received from the cloud service module, the power management module, or the MQTT communication module; the buzzer alarm device is controlled by the core control unit, and the core control unit issues instructions to control the buzzer alarm device to achieve different prompting effects by receiving the information from the cloud service module, the power management module, or the MQTT communication module; the OLED display screen is controlled by the core control unit, and the core control unit receives the information published by the positioning module, the cloud service module, the power management module, or the MQTT communication module, and controls the OLED display screen to display the current status information of the backpack to the user; The MQTT communication module is based on the MQTT protocol and adopts the publish / subscribe mechanism to realize the interaction between the core control unit and the remote MQTT communication module without Bluetooth connection. During data reception, the cellular mobile data communication module establishes a connection with the MQTT server deployed in the MQTT communication module and subscribes to a preset topic. When the MQTT server publishes a message to this topic, the MQTT communication module parses the MQTT protocol data packet, extracts the payload, and stores the data in the storage unit of the core control unit for subsequent processing. During data transmission, the MQTT communication module detects the data to be sent in the storage unit of the core control unit, encapsulates the data into an MQTT protocol message according to the set trigger conditions, namely time interval, event trigger or external request, and publishes it to the specified topic. The MQTT communication module supports quality of service level control and has a disconnection reconnection mechanism to ensure the stability of the communication process. In addition, it also supports TLS / SSL encryption, can encrypt the transmitted data, and combines with the authentication mechanism to realize remote data interaction and device control. When there is no Bluetooth connection, the MQTT communication module establishes a connection with the cellular mobile data communication module, and the backpack information is transmitted to the MQTT communication module through the cellular mobile data communication module. At this time, the Bluetooth connection between the cloud service software and the low-power Bluetooth communication module is disconnected, and only sends instructions and obtains data to the Java backend, and indirectly realizes the communication between the cloud service software and the cellular mobile data communication module through the interaction between the Java backend and the MQTT communication module. The core control unit is implemented by a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer hardware device includes a data processing unit, a storage unit, a communication peripheral interface, and a radio frequency antenna, and an embedded real-time operating system is deployed. The data processing unit is responsible for executing various calculation and processing tasks, real-time solving the collected data, parsing the received messages and instructions, and controlling the corresponding modules to complete operations according to the instructions. The storage unit is used to store the RFID tag quantity, the current status and location message data of the backpack, as well as the temporary data generated during the operation of the core control unit. The communication peripheral interface includes I2C, SPI, UART, and GPIO interfaces, which are used to connect various sensors and device display peripherals to ensure high-speed and stable data transmission. The radio frequency antenna is used to send data packets to the outside world via low-power Bluetooth or wifi. The data processing of the core control unit includes two stages. The first stage preprocesses the raw data obtained from the data acquisition unit to extract data information, and the second stage further processes and applies the data after the preprocessing is completed.

2. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, wherein The passive RFID tag consists of an antenna and an integrated circuit, without an internal power supply, and is powered by receiving the electromagnetic waves emitted by the RFID reader; when the passive RFID tag approaches the RFID reader, the antenna of the RFID reader will emit a radio frequency signal of a specified frequency, and the radio frequency signal generates an alternating electromagnetic field in space; the antenna of the passive RFID tag receives these electromagnetic waves and converts them into electrical energy to activate the chip inside the tag; subsequently, the tag sends the data stored in the chip back to the RFID reader through the backscatter modulation method; this process does not require internal power supply support, and the energy of the tag completely comes from the radio frequency signal emitted by the reader.

3. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data collected by the RFID reading and writing module and the positioning module are both transmitted to the core control unit through the UART serial port for preprocessing, including the removal of redundant signals and the enhancement of weak signals; by comparing the changes in external information at the current moment and the previous moment, the number and changes of passive tags within the current range can be calculated, and the position signal can be processed to convert it into a format that is easy to read; among them, the RFID reader in the RFID reading and writing module communicates with the core control unit through the UART serial port to ensure the stability and real-time nature of data transmission; the locator in the positioning module communicates with the core control unit through the UART serial port to provide position information support.

4. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The database is used to store and manage the backpack information of different users; it contains multiple tables or data sets, which store the unique identifier of the backpack, the identity information of the owner user, the quantity of items in the backpack, and the detailed information of various items respectively; during the data storage process, the database associates each backpack with the corresponding user ID through the unique backpack ID, and the tags in the backpack are associated with the corresponding backpack ID through the unique tag ID; the specific item information of the backpack includes the name, type, quantity, and status data of the items, and these information will be stored in a predetermined format to ensure the integrity and consistency of the data; The database supports operations of adding, deleting, modifying, and querying the backpack information and the tag information in the backpack, and provides data retrieval and update capabilities; by interacting with the Java backend of the cloud service module, the database can respond to requests in real time, query the information of the backpack, or update the backpack status when the user operates; the data storage adopts a structured method to ensure the efficiency and reliability of information access.

5. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud service software includes mobile intelligent device software, specifically smart bracelet software and smartphone software. The smart bracelet software provides a way for users to interact with the backpack body, allowing users to perform real-time data exchange and command control with the backpack system through the smart bracelet software. When the Bluetooth connection is available, the smart bracelet software communicates directly with the low-power Bluetooth communication module. When changes occur to the items in the backpack, i.e., the modification of the backpack name, the addition or removal of items in the backpack, the smart bracelet software will receive the corresponding data information and synchronize the changed backpack information to the Java backend. At the same time, users can send query requests to the Java backend through the smart bracelet interface to obtain various types of information corresponding to the backpack. When there is no Bluetooth connection, the smart bracelet software only communicates with the Java backend, sends requests and receives response data, and displays the backpack information on the user interface. Users can query the information of the backpack according to their needs and manage the backpack based on this. The smartphone software provides a way for users to interact with the backpack body, allowing users to perform real-time data exchange and command control with the backpack system through the mobile device. When the Bluetooth connection is available, the smartphone software communicates directly with the backpack through the low-power Bluetooth communication module. When changes occur to the items in the backpack, i.e., the modification of the backpack name, the addition or removal of items in the backpack, the smartphone software will receive the relevant data information and synchronize the changed backpack information to the Java backend. At the same time, users can send query requests to the Java backend through the smartphone interface to obtain various types of information corresponding to the backpack. During the interaction process, the smartphone software communicates with the backend JAVA service, sends requests and receives response data, and displays them on the user interface. Users can obtain the information of the backpack through the smartphone software and manage the backpack messages based on this, support convenient real-time interaction with users, and can transmit commands to the backpack system to ensure that the backpack can respond when receiving and executing commands in real time. The smartphone software ensures that each operation conforms to the user's authorized scope through the integrated user authentication and permission management functions.

6. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, wherein In the first stage, the preprocessing of the raw data obtained in the data acquisition unit is based on the storage unit and data processing unit of the single-chip microcomputer. The data processing unit is used to complete all numerical calculations on the single-chip microcomputer. The storage unit is used to store program instructions and data. The preprocessing includes the conversion from byte stream to tag information and position information processing. The conversion from byte stream to tag information is used to process the tag data collected by the RFID reading and writing module. By detecting the presence of specific characters in the byte stream, the start and end positions of the tag information are determined, and the continuous byte stream is truncated into separate information for different tags. The position information processing is used to parse the real-time data transmitted by the positioning module to the core control unit; by detecting the presence of the positioning identification symbol in the byte stream, the positioning module can determine the line where the data containing the current position information is located and store the data of that line in the storage unit of the single-chip microcomputer; the position information can be transmitted to the data display module and can also be transmitted to the cloud service module and the MQTT communication module through the communication unit.

7. The intelligent backpack software and hardware system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second stage, the data after preprocessing is further processed and applied, including: packing the data into corresponding message packets and transmitting them to the low-power Bluetooth communication module or the cellular mobile data communication module for communication use; displaying the positioning data and the power data through the data display module; comparing the processed data with the threshold value or the data of the previous processing to judge the device status and make decisions, that is, alarming through the data display module or transmitting a prompt message to the cloud service software in the cloud service module to remind the user.

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