City region railway traffic full-link carbon emission accounting system and accounting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, in particular to a city railway traffic full-link carbon emission accounting system and method, and the system comprises a data collection and processing unit which is used for obtaining the activity data of a raw material stage, a construction stage, an operation and maintenance stage, and a scrap recovery stage; the carbon emission factor tracking unit is used for acquiring a material life cycle carbon factor, a power grid carbon intensity factor and a recycling benefit carbon factor; the emission allocation calculation unit is used for carrying out carbon emission accounting on activity data of a raw material stage, a construction stage, an operation maintenance stage and a scrap recovery stage based on a material life cycle carbon factor, a power grid carbon strength factor and a recycling benefit carbon factor, so as to obtain a total carbon emission amount of a whole link; according to the accounting method, the response capability of the new energy fluctuation to the carbon intensity is enhanced, and data support is provided for sensitivity analysis and dynamic optimization of the carbon emission influence factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and more specifically, to a carbon emission accounting system and method for all links of urban rail transit. Background Art

[0002] As an important transportation mode connecting cities with surrounding areas, the development of urban rail transit is of great significance for alleviating urban traffic pressure, optimizing travel structure, and promoting low-carbon transformation. However, with the rapid expansion of the network scale and the continuous growth of operation intensity, the carbon emissions problem in its whole life cycle has become increasingly prominent. On the one hand, although urban rail transit significantly reduces tailpipe carbon emissions by replacing private car travel with rail transit, the production of high-energy-consuming materials in the construction stage, the energy consumption of heavy machinery in the construction process, and the carbon emission intensity of traction power in the operation stage constitute the main sources of implicit carbon emissions; on the other hand, the inefficiency of equipment disassembly and resource recycling in the end-of-life stage further exacerbates the cumulative effect of the carbon footprint.

[0003] However, despite the wide recognition of these problems, the existing carbon emission accounting system still has key defects: the existing methods generally use a national unified grid carbon emission factor, ignoring the carbon intensity differences brought about by regional power structure differences, which reduces the accuracy and timeliness of the accounting results. The lack of a feedback mechanism based on sensitivity analysis also makes it difficult to identify and optimize carbon emission impact factors. Therefore, a carbon emission accounting system and method for all links of urban rail transit are provided. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon emission accounting system and method for all links of urban rail transit to solve the problems of ignoring the carbon intensity differences brought about by regional power structure differences, reducing the accuracy and timeliness of the accounting results, and the lack of a feedback mechanism based on sensitivity analysis, which also makes it difficult to identify and optimize carbon emission impact factors as mentioned in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention aims to provide a carbon emission accounting system for all links of urban rail transit, including: A data collection and processing unit, which is used to obtain activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and end-of-life stage; A carbon emission factor tracking unit, which is used to obtain carbon factors in the material life cycle, grid carbon intensity factors, and recycling benefit carbon factors, so as to cover the emission accounting of all links; Carbon emission allocation calculation unit, which is used to conduct carbon emission accounting on the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage based on the carbon factor of the material life cycle, the carbon intensity factor of the power grid, and the carbon factor of recycling benefits, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process; Data storage and management unit, which is used to store, classify and manage, and call the data generated in the whole-process carbon emission accounting process.

[0006] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the activity data in the raw material stage includes the purchase quantity of materials; the activity data in the construction stage includes the electricity consumption power and fuel consumption of construction machinery; the activity data in the operation and maintenance stage includes the traction power of vehicles, vehicle maintenance materials, and dispatching operation mileage; the activity data in the scrapping and recycling stage includes the material recycling quantity, material recycling benefits, and material recovery rate.

[0007] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the carbon emission factor tracking unit includes a material source tracking module, an electric energy source tracking module, and a recycling source tracking module; Among them, the material source tracking module is used to retrieve the corresponding life cycle emission value in the corresponding database according to the input material type, so as to determine the carbon factor of the material life cycle; The electric energy source tracking module is used to connect to the power grid dispatching data in real time, obtain the output mode and carbon emission factor of various power generation types, correct various new energy power generations in combination with the historical output mode, and smoothly calculate the carbon intensity factor of the power grid within a sliding window; The recycling source tracking module is used to determine the material recycling process, extract the corresponding negative emission value from the LCA database, so as to determine the carbon factor of recycling benefits.

[0008] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the specific steps for the electric energy source tracking module to smoothly calculate the carbon intensity factor of the power grid within a sliding window are as follows: S221. For all new energy , where is the set of all power generation types, obtain the real-time output of the power generation type at time and the unit output carbon emission factor of the power generation type at time in minutes; S222. For new energy , is a subset of new energy, obtain the historical average output ratio of the power generation type in the previous year at time ; S223. Use the real-time output of each power generation type as the weight, corresponding to the carbon factor to perform weighted average to obtain the instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor of the power grid at time ; ; S224. Calculate the real-time output ratio of new energy at time , and compare the real-time output ratio of new energy at time with the historical average output ratio to obtain the attenuation coefficient ; S225. Introduce the attenuation coefficient into the instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor , and perform weighted average with non-new energy power generation methods to obtain the corrected instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor, and then apply a symmetric window to the corrected instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor to obtain the smoothed grid carbon intensity factor .

[0009] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the carbon emission allocation calculation unit includes a one-time emission allocation module, and the one-time emission allocation module can allocate the one-time emission to the raw material stage, the construction stage, and the operation and maintenance stage according to the service volume.

[0010] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the specific steps of allocating the one-time emission to the raw material stage, the construction stage, and the operation and maintenance stage in the one-time emission allocation module are as follows: S31. Obtain the proportion of the carbon instantaneously released in the first year in the total one-time emission and the rate constant of the remaining carbon decaying exponentially over time to characterize the time characteristics of the two parts of the one-time emission, namely the immediately released part and the subsequent annual released part; S32. For the th year, define the allocation ratio , specifically: in the first year part is instantaneously released, and the remaining is released according to the decay release ratio from the beginning to the end of the year. After that, the release in each year is equal to the un-released amount at the end of the previous year minus the un-released amount at the end of this year, so as to disassemble the one-time emission into each life cycle year; S33. According to the actual service volume provided in the cycle, calculate the total service volume in the life cycle to quantify the operation intensity of each year; S34. Obtain the capital emissions to be allocated in the th year based on the actual service volume provided, the total service volume during the life cycle , and the allocation ratio ; S35. Based on the proportion of each stage in the capital emissions, allocate the capital emissions to be allocated in the th year to the raw material stage, the construction stage, and the operation and maintenance stage.

[0011] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in the carbon emission allocation calculation unit, the specific steps to obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process are as follows: S36. For the raw material stage, obtain the activity emissions based on the procurement volume of the th material in the th year and the carbon factor of the corresponding material life cycle, and then combine with the capital emissions allocated to the raw material stage in the th year to obtain the total emissions of the raw material stage ; S37. For the construction stage, obtain the total emissions of the construction stage based on the electricity consumption emissions , fuel emissions , and the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the th year ; S38. For the operation and maintenance stage, obtain the total emissions of the operation and maintenance stage based on the traction electricity emissions , maintenance material emissions , dispatching mileage emissions , and the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the th year ; S39. For the scrapping and recycling stage, obtain the total emissions of the scrapping and recycling stage based on the disassembly emissions [[ID=6,5]] and recycling reduction ; S40. Based on the total emissions of the raw material stage , the total emissions of the construction stage , the total emissions of the operation and maintenance stage , and the total emissions of the scrapping and recycling stage , obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process .

[0012] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in S37, the total emissions in the construction stage are obtained The specific steps are as follows: S371. Obtain the electricity consumption emissions based on the electricity consumption power of construction machinery and the grid carbon intensity factor ; S372. Obtain the fuel emissions based on the fuel consumption of various construction machinery and the fuel combustion factor ; S373. Then, combined with the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the th year to obtain the total emissions in the construction stage .

[0013] As a further improvement of this technical solution, in S38, the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage are obtained The specific steps are as follows: S381. Obtain the traction power emissions based on the grid carbon intensity factor , the vehicle traction power consumption, and the operation efficiency correction factor ; S382. Obtain the total maintenance material emissions based on the usage amount of maintenance materials for all vehicles and the life cycle carbon factor of the maintenance materials ; S383. Count the cumulative mileage of all scheduling operations in the th year and the pre-determined average carbon emission factor per kilometer to obtain the total carbon emissions generated by the annual scheduling mileage ; S384. Combine the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the th year to obtain the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage .

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for calculating the carbon emissions of all links of urban rail transit, which is used for the carbon emission accounting system of all links of urban rail transit described in any one of the above, and includes the following steps: S10.1. Obtain the activity data of the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage; S10.2. Obtain the material life cycle carbon factor, grid carbon intensity factor, and recycling benefit carbon factor; S10.3. Conduct carbon emission accounting on the activity data of the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage based on the material life cycle carbon factor, grid carbon intensity factor, and recycling benefit carbon factor, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions of all links; S10.4. Store, classify, manage and access the data generated during the entire carbon emissions accounting process.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A carbon emission accounting system and method for all aspects of urban rail transportation has achieved dynamic time series decomposition of carbon emissions and operation intensity correlation accounting by introducing a dual allocation mechanism of time decay model and service volume weight. It not only accurately depicts the emission evolution law of instantaneous release in the first year and subsequent year-on-year decay, but also reasonably allocates capital emissions to each stage through the service volume ratio, thus avoiding the accounting deviation caused by traditional static allocation, and providing a scientific basis for the division of carbon emission responsibilities and the formulation of emission reduction strategies throughout the life cycle.

[0016] 2. A carbon emission accounting system and method for all aspects of urban rail transportation dynamically and in real time tracks the regional power grid power structure, combines historical data to correct the fluctuations in renewable energy output, and introduces an attenuation coefficient to optimize weight distribution. This enhances the responsiveness of renewable energy fluctuations to carbon intensity, provides data support for sensitivity analysis and dynamic optimization of carbon emission influencing factors, and thus promotes the coordinated optimization of low-carbon scheduling of regional power grids and refined management of the transportation system's carbon footprint. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of the overall method of the present invention; The meaning of each number in the figure is: 1. Data collection and processing unit; 2. Carbon emission factor tracking unit; 21. Material source tracking module; 22. Electricity source tracking module; 23. Recycling source tracking module; 3. Carbon emission allocation calculation unit; 31. One-time emission allocation module; 4. Data storage management unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: See also Figure 1 As shown, a carbon emission accounting system for all aspects of urban rail transportation is provided, including a data collection and processing unit 1, which is used to obtain activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage; The activity data in the raw material stage includes the procurement volume of materials; the activity data in the construction stage includes the electricity consumption power and fuel consumption of construction machinery; the activity data in the operation and maintenance stage includes the vehicle traction power, vehicle maintenance materials, and dispatching operation mileage; the activity data in the scrapping and recycling stage includes the material recovery volume, material recycling benefit, and material recovery rate; The carbon emission factor tracking unit 2 is used to obtain the carbon factors of the material life cycle, the carbon intensity factor of the power grid, and the carbon factor of the recycling benefit, so as to cover the emission accounting of all links; The carbon emission factor tracking unit 2 includes a material source tracking module 21, an electric energy source tracking module 22, and a recycling source tracking module 23; Among them, the material source tracking module 21 is used to retrieve the corresponding life cycle emission value in the corresponding database according to the input material type, so as to determine the carbon factor of the material life cycle; it can accurately quantify the implicit carbon emissions of raw materials and avoid the deviation caused by the use of average factors in traditional accounting; at the same time, by dynamically updating the material source (such as the difference between local procurement and cross-regional transportation), it supports the comparative analysis of carbon footprints in different scenarios and provides data support for green material selection and supply chain optimization.

[0020] The electric energy source tracking module 22 is used to connect to the power grid dispatching data in real time, obtain the output mode and carbon emission factor of various power generation types, correct various new energy power generations in combination with the historical output mode, and smoothly calculate the carbon intensity factor of the power grid within a sliding window; The recycling source tracking module 23 is used to determine the material recycling process and extract the corresponding negative emission value from the LCA database, so as to determine the carbon factor of the recycling benefit; The specific steps for the electric energy source tracking module 22 to smoothly calculate the carbon intensity factor of the power grid within a sliding window are as follows: S221. For all new energy , where is the set of all power generation types, obtain the real-time output of the power generation type at time and the unit output carbon emission factor of the power generation type at time ; this process ensures the timeliness and dynamic response ability of carbon intensity calculation, and can reflect the current energy structure and carbon emission level of the power grid. For example, at the moment when the wind power output surges, the system can capture its immediate impact on the carbon intensity and avoid the accounting deviation caused by data lag.

[0021] S222. For new energy , is a subset of new energy, obtain the power generation type in the previous year At the moment The historical average output ratio Regarding the output volatility of renewable energy sources (such as wind power and photovoltaics), this step establishes a benchmark using historical data from the same period (e.g., the average output ratio at the same time in the previous year) to identify abnormal fluctuations in real-time output. For example, if wind power output at a certain moment is much higher than the historical average, it may indicate that it is affected by abnormal weather rather than a long-term trend. S223, using the real-time output of each power generation type As a weight, corresponding to the carbon factor Do the weighted average to get the power grid at time Instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor ; Where, It is the original instantaneous carbon factor, which reflects the carbon emission level of the regional power grid at that moment, but does not take into account the high-frequency fluctuations of new energy.

[0022] S224, Calculation of New Energy At the moment The real-time output ratio of new energy At the moment Real-time output ratio and historical average output ratio Compare and get the attenuation coefficient Avoid misleading scenarios where a single renewable energy source suddenly generates high output and reduces instantaneous carbon intensity; Where, For new energy At the moment The real-time output ratio is defined as the ratio of this type of real-time output to the total grid output; For power generation type At the moment Real-time output; Where, For new energy At the moment The dynamic attenuation coefficient is used to suppress the false low-carbon factor caused by the instantaneous surge of new energy; is a positive number, a very small positive number that prevents division by zero; S225, Instantaneous Grid Carbon Intensity Factor Introducing the attenuation coefficient , and weighted averaged with non-renewable energy generation methods to obtain the revised instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor, and then apply the symmetric window to the revised instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor , , the smoothed grid carbon intensity factor is obtained ; In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon factor at time after being corrected by new energy attenuation; In the formula, is the smoothed grid carbon intensity factor, which is obtained by performing a sliding window weighted average on the corrected or original instantaneous carbon factor; is the weight at the th position in the sliding window; is the instantaneous carbon factor at time after being corrected by new energy attenuation; ; (window width, in minutes, 1 hour). .

[0023] Power generation type At time real-time output and power generation type At time carbon emission factor per unit output If continuous missing or anomalies are detected within the window, directly exit and enable the known national average grid carbon factor to ensure that the system can output reasonable carbon factors even in extreme cases, avoiding interruption or error reporting.

[0024] The carbon emission allocation calculation unit 3 is used to perform carbon emission accounting on the activity data of the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and end-of-life recycling stage based on the carbon factor of the material life cycle, the grid carbon intensity factor and the carbon factor of recycling benefits, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process; The carbon emission allocation calculation unit 3 includes a one-time emission allocation module 31, and the one-time emission allocation module 31 can allocate the one-time emission to the raw material stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage according to the service volume; The specific steps of allocating the one-time emission to the raw material stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage in the one-time emission allocation module 31 are as follows: S31. Obtain the proportion of the carbon instantaneously released in the first year in the total one-time emission and the rate constant of the remaining carbon decaying exponentially over time; S32. For the th year, define the allocation ratio , specifically: in the first year part is instantaneously released, and the remaining Release according to the attenuation release ratio from the beginning to the end of the year, and then release an amount equal to the amount not released at the end of the previous year minus the amount not released at the end of this year each year; S33. Calculate the total service volume over the life cycle based on the service volume actually provided in the period; ; wherein, is the total number of cycles in the life cycle (years), and is also the maximum time series length for calculating the sharing ratio; ; S34. Obtain the capital emissions to be allocated in the year based on the actually provided service volume , the total service volume over the life cycle and the sharing ratio ; ; wherein, is the total one-time emissions; S35. Allocate the capital emissions to be allocated in the year to the raw material stage, the construction stage and the operation and maintenance stage based on the proportion of each stage in the capital emissions ; swherein, is the capital emissions allocated to the raw material stage in the year; is the proportion of the raw material stage in the total one-time emissions; is the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the year; is the proportion of the construction stage; is the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the year; is the proportion of the operation and maintenance stage; One-time carbon emissions will be generated during the construction of the line and the manufacturing of vehicles (such as civil engineering, shield tunneling, locomotive production, etc.). Although these emissions only occur in the investment stage, they correspond to the transportation service value in the next few decades (or millions of kilometers). In order to reasonably allocate this upfront cost to each year or to each unit of transportation service, it is necessary to allocate the service volume.

[0025] This enables the presentation of capital emissions in the operation report, avoiding the situation of only looking at operational emissions and neglecting the implicit carbon debt brought by construction and manufacturing; In the carbon emission allocation calculation unit 3, the specific steps to obtain the total carbon emissions of the entire process are as follows: S36. For the raw material stage, based on the purchase quantity of the th material in the th year and the corresponding carbon factor of the material life cycle, obtain the activity emissions . Then, combined with the capital emissions allocated to the raw material stage in the th year, obtain the total emissions of the raw material stage In the formula, is the purchase quantity of the th material in the th year; is the carbon factor of the th material life cycle; is the material type; S37. For the construction stage, based on the electricity consumption emissions , fuel emissions and the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the th year, obtain the total emissions of the construction stage ; In S37, the specific steps to obtain the total emissions of the construction stage are as follows: S371. Based on the average operating power, effective operation time, and grid carbon intensity factor of the construction machinery under specific working conditions, obtain the electricity consumption emissions ; In the formula, is the average electricity consumption power of the main operating construction machinery under this working condition during the period; is the effective operation time for the machinery to complete ; represents the actual construction volume during the period, represents the theoretical maximum construction rate of the machinery under this working condition, represents the environmental reduction coefficient (obtained by looking up the table, range [0.5, 1]).

[0026] S372. Obtain fuel emissions based on fuel consumption and fuel combustion factors of various types of construction machinery ; Where, For the Fuel consumption of construction machinery of this type; For the Fuel-like combustion factor; is the fuel type; S373, combined with Capital emissions allocated to the construction phase Get the total emissions during the construction phase ; S38. For the operation and maintenance phase, based on traction power emissions , maintenance material emissions , Dispatching mileage emissions and Capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance phase Get the total emissions during the operation and maintenance phase ; In S38, the total emissions during the operation and maintenance phase are obtained The specific steps are as follows: S381, based on the grid carbon intensity factor , vehicle traction power and operating efficiency correction coefficient to obtain traction power emissions ; Where, For the hours (if the vehicle operates at the benchmark efficiency Operation) is the theoretical vehicle traction power (kWh) required to complete the actual transport task in that hour; For the hourly grid carbon intensity factor; is the operating efficiency correction factor, ; For the Total annual operating hours; ; For the Hours of actual operating efficiency, is the baseline operating efficiency.

[0027] S382. Calculate the total maintenance material emissions based on the maintenance material usage of all vehicles and the life cycle carbon factor of the maintenance materials. ; In the formula, is the amount of vehicle maintenance materials used in the th year; is the life cycle carbon factor of the th type of maintenance material; is the type of maintenance material; S383. Statistically calculate the cumulative mileage of all dispatching operations in the th year and the pre-determined average carbon emission factor per kilometer to obtain the total carbon emissions generated by the annual dispatching mileage . In the formula, is the dispatching operation mileage in the th year; is the average emission factor per kilometer of operation; S384. Combine the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the th year to obtain the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage . S39. For the end-of-life recycling stage, based on the disassembly emissions and the recycling offset to obtain the total emissions in the end-of-life recycling stage . In the formula, is the disassembly process activity data in the th year; is the activity emission factor of the th type of disassembly process unit, reflecting the energy consumption and emission intensity of this type of disassembly process; is the type of disassembly process activity; In the formula, is the amount of recycled materials; is the primary unit carbon emission factor of the th type of material, used to measure the emissions when producing with raw materials instead of recycling; is the material recovery rate of the th type of material, that is, the proportion of primary emissions that can be offset after recycling; First, calculate all the carbon emissions generated by the structural disassembly and disposal activities in the th year, and then calculate the total primary production emissions that can be offset by the recycled materials in the same year , subtract the recycling offset from the disassembly emissions to obtain the net carbon emissions at the end-of-life recycling stage for that year; if the recycling offset exceeds the disassembly emissions (a very rare case), a negative value may occur, meaning that the recycling process results in net emissions reduction for the system S40. Based on the total emissions in the raw material stage , the total emissions in the construction stage , the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage and the total emissions in the end-of-life recycling stage , so as to obtain the total carbon emissions throughout the whole process .

[0028]

[0029] The data storage and management unit 4 is used to store, classify and manage, and call the data generated in the whole-process carbon emission accounting; it covers the activity data, carbon emission factors and accounting results in the raw material, construction, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life recycling stages. It realizes persistent data storage through the database system, ensures data traceability in combination with metadata management, and adopts encryption storage, permission control and version management mechanisms to ensure data security and integrity. At the same time, it supports data backup and recovery functions to cope with abnormal risks, and realizes multi-source data sharing and cross-system collaboration through interface integration, providing reliable data support and services for the whole-life cycle management of carbon emission accounting.

[0030] Embodiment 2: The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 of the present invention is that this embodiment introduces a static mechanical property acquisition, analysis and accounting method used in a whole-process carbon emission accounting system for urban rail transit.

[0031] A whole-process carbon emission accounting method for urban rail transit, which is used for a whole-process carbon emission accounting system for urban rail transit in any one of the above, includes the following steps: S10.1. Obtain the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and end-of-life recycling stage; S10.2. Obtain the carbon factors in the material life cycle, the carbon intensity factor of the power grid, and the carbon factor of recycling benefits; S10.3. Conduct carbon emission accounting on the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and end-of-life recycling stage based on the carbon factors in the material life cycle, the carbon intensity factor of the power grid, and the carbon factor of recycling benefits, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions throughout the whole process; S10.4. Store, classify and manage, and call the data generated in the whole-process carbon emission accounting.

[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention, which are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and all such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. A carbon emission accounting system for all links of suburban railway transportation, characterized in that: Comprising: A data collection and processing unit (1) for obtaining activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage; A carbon emission factor tracking unit (2) for obtaining carbon factors in the material life cycle, grid carbon intensity factors, and recycling benefit carbon factors, so as to cover the emission accounting of the whole process; A carbon emission allocation calculation unit (3) for performing carbon emission accounting on the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage based on the carbon factors in the material life cycle, grid carbon intensity factors, and recycling benefit carbon factors, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process; A data storage and management unit (4) for storing, classifying, managing, and calling the data generated in the carbon emission accounting process of the whole process.

2. The carbon emission accounting system for the entire process of urban rail transit according to claim 1, wherein: The activity data in the raw material stage includes the purchase quantity of materials; the activity data in the construction stage includes the power consumption of construction machinery and fuel consumption; the activity data in the operation and maintenance stage includes the traction power of vehicles, vehicle maintenance materials, and dispatching operation mileage; the activity data in the scrapping and recycling stage includes the material recovery quantity, material recycling benefit, and material recovery rate.

3. The carbon emission accounting system for the whole process of suburban railway transportation according to claim 2, wherein: The carbon emission factor tracking unit (2) includes a material source tracking module (21), an electric energy source tracking module (22), and a recycling source tracking module (23); Among them, the material source tracking module (21) is used to retrieve the corresponding life cycle emission value in the corresponding database according to the input material type, so as to determine the carbon factor in the material life cycle; The electric energy source tracking module (22) is used to connect to the grid dispatching data in real time, obtain the output mode and carbon emission factor of various power generation types, correct various new energy power generations in combination with the historical output mode, and smoothly calculate the grid carbon intensity factor within a sliding window; The recycling source tracking module (23) is used to determine the material recycling process and extract the corresponding negative emission value from the LCA database, so as to determine the recycling benefit carbon factor.

4. The carbon emission accounting system for the whole process of suburban railway transportation according to claim 3, wherein: The specific steps for the electric energy source tracking module (22) to smoothly calculate the grid carbon intensity factor within a sliding window are as follows: S221. For all new energy sources , where is the set of all power generation types, and obtain the power generation type at minute granularity at time real-time output and the power generation type at time unit output carbon emission factor ; S222. For new energy , which is a subset of new energy, obtain the power generation type of the previous year at time historical average output ratio ; S223. Use the real-time output of each power generation type as the weight, corresponding to the carbon factor to perform weighted average to obtain the instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor of the power grid at time ; ; S224. Calculate the new energy At time Calculate the real-time output ratio, and compare the real-time output ratio of the new energy At time with the historical average output ratio to obtain the attenuation coefficient ; S225. Introduce a decay coefficient into the instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor , and perform a weighted average with non-renewable power generation methods to obtain the corrected instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor. Then, apply a symmetric window to the corrected instantaneous grid carbon intensity factor to obtain the smoothed grid carbon intensity factor .

5. The carbon emission accounting system for the whole process of suburban railway transportation according to claim 4, wherein: The carbon emission allocation calculation unit (3) includes a one-time emission allocation module (31), and the one-time emission allocation module (31) can allocate the one-time emission to the raw material stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage according to the service volume.

6. The whole-link carbon emission accounting system for suburban railway transportation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific steps for the one-time emission allocation module (31) to allocate the one-time emission to the raw material stage, construction stage, and operation and maintenance stage according to the service volume are as follows: S31. Obtain the proportion of the carbon instantaneously released in the first year to the total one-time emissions and the rate constant of the exponential decay of the remaining carbon over time , to characterize the time characteristics of the two parts of the one-time emissions, namely the immediately released part and the subsequent annual released parts; S32. For the th year, define the sharing ratio , specifically: in the first year part is instantaneously released, and the remaining is released according to the attenuation release ratio from the beginning to the end of the year. After that, each year's release is equal to the unreleased amount at the end of the previous year minus the unreleased amount at the end of this year, so as to disassemble the one-time emission into each life cycle year; S33. According to the actual service volume provided in the cycle, calculate the total service volume over the life cycle and quantify the operation intensity for each year; S34. According to the actually provided service volume , the total service volume during the lifespan and the apportionment ratio to obtain the capital emissions apportioned in the year; S35. Based on the proportion of each stage in the capital emissions, allocate the capital emissions to be allocated in the year to the raw material stage, the construction stage, and the operation and maintenance stage.

7. The whole-process carbon emission accounting system for suburban railway transportation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the carbon emission allocation calculation unit (3), the specific steps for obtaining the total carbon emissions of the whole process are as follows: S36. For the raw material stage, based on the procurement quantity of the th material in the th year and the corresponding carbon factor of the material life cycle, the activity emissions are obtained. Then, combined with the capital emissions allocated to the raw material stage in the th year, the total emissions of the raw material stage are obtained; S37. For the construction stage, based on electricity consumption emissions , fuel emissions and the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the year, the total emissions of the construction stage are obtained ; ; S38. For the operation and maintenance stage, based on the traction power consumption emissions , maintenance material emissions , dispatching mileage emissions and the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the nth year, the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage are obtained ; S39. For the end-of-life recycling stage, based on the disassembly emissions and recycling deductions to obtain the total emissions in the end-of-life recycling stage ; S40, Total emissions in the raw material stage , Total emissions in the construction stage , Total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage and total emissions in the end-of-life recycling stage , so as to obtain the total carbon emissions throughout the whole process .

8. The carbon emission accounting system for the entire process of suburban railway transportation according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S37, the total emissions during the construction phase are obtained The specific steps are as follows: S371. Obtain electricity consumption emissions based on the electricity consumption power of construction machinery and the grid carbon intensity factor Obtain electricity consumption emissions ; S372. Obtain fuel emissions based on the fuel consumption and fuel combustion factors of various construction machinery ; S373. Then, combined with the capital emissions allocated to the construction stage in the year, the total emissions in the construction stage are obtained. .

9. The carbon emission accounting system for the entire process of suburban railway transportation according to claim 8, wherein: In S38, the total emissions during the operation and maintenance phase are obtained. The specific steps are as follows: S381. Obtain the traction power emission based on the grid carbon intensity factor , the vehicle traction power and the operation efficiency correction factor ; S382. Obtain the total maintenance material emissions based on the usage of maintenance materials for all vehicles and the life cycle carbon factors of the maintenance materials ; S383. Statistically count the cumulative mileage of all dispatching operations in the year and the pre-determined carbon emission factor per kilometer to obtain the total carbon emissions generated by the annual dispatching mileage; S384. Combine the capital emissions allocated to the operation and maintenance stage in the year to obtain the total emissions in the operation and maintenance stage .

10. A carbon emission accounting method for the entire process of suburban railway transportation, which is used for a carbon emission accounting system for the entire process of suburban railway transportation as described in any one of claims 1-9, and is characterized in that: Including the following steps: S10.

1. Obtain the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and scrapping and recycling stage; S10.

2. Obtain the carbon factor in the material life cycle, the grid carbon intensity factor, and the recycling benefit carbon factor; S10.

3. Conduct carbon emission accounting for the activity data in the raw material stage, construction stage, operation and maintenance stage, and end-of-life recycling stage based on the carbon factor of the material life cycle, the carbon intensity factor of the power grid, and the carbon factor of recycling benefits, so as to obtain the total carbon emissions of the whole process; S10.

4. Store, classify, manage, and call the data generated during the whole-process carbon emission accounting.

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