Energy management methods

Abstract

An embodiment of the present specification provides an energy management method, which is applied to an energy management system. The energy management system includes a vibration energy collector, a rectifier device, a first battery, a second battery and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device. The method includes: collecting vibration energy through the vibration energy collector and converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first battery, the electrical energy is converted into current and voltage through the rectifier device, and the converted electrical energy is transmitted to the first battery for storage; if it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, then according to the remaining power of the first battery, a target power supply battery is determined between the first battery and the second battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this specification relate to the field of energy harvesting technology, and in particular to an energy management method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy, users' demand for energy is growing. While traditional fossil fuels offer advantages such as high energy density, easy storage, and ease of use, their widespread consumption has also led to energy crises and environmental problems. These include the limited resources of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, and the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from their use, which contribute to climate change. To address these issues, people are seeking new, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy. These renewable energy sources offer advantages such as sustainability, environmental friendliness, affordability, and flexibility, and have become a key direction in the global energy transition. Similarly, vibration energy, a ubiquitous renewable energy source in nature, is typically converted into electrical energy through vibration energy harvesting technology. This converted energy can be widely used in various applications requiring low-power devices. Therefore, vibration energy harvesting technology has a wide range of applications, providing a reliable power source for various fields and bringing more convenient and practical solutions.

[0003] Common methods for harvesting vibration energy include piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic methods. Piezoelectric energy harvesters typically utilize a cantilever beam structure. Compared to other harvesting methods, piezoelectric energy harvesters offer advantages such as a relatively simple structure, high energy density, and the ability to be fabricated using micromachining (MEMS) processing techniques. These advantages have made them a hot topic in the energy harvesting field in recent years. However, most current piezoelectric-based vibration energy harvesters have low output voltage and power, making them difficult to meet the requirements of energy storage and drive devices. Furthermore, their operating bandwidth is relatively narrow, limiting their output to a narrow range near the resonant frequency. Therefore, an effective method to address these issues is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, embodiments of this specification provide an energy management method. One or more embodiments of this specification also relate to an energy management apparatus, a computing device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program to address technical deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of this specification, an energy management method is provided, which is applied to an energy management system. The energy management system includes a vibration energy harvester, a rectifier device, a first battery, a second battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first battery via the rectifier device. The method includes:

[0006] The vibration energy is collected by the vibration energy collector and converted into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector comprises a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector;

[0007] According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, the electric energy is converted into current and voltage by the rectifier device, and the converted electric energy is transmitted to the first storage battery for storage;

[0008] When it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, a target power supply battery is determined from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the piezoelectric energy collector is arranged on the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam body to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam arm and convert it into electrical energy.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the energy management method further includes:

[0011] Simulating and generating a plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes are the same;

[0012] Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever arm model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model among the multiple initial cantilever arm models of different shapes according to the analysis results;

[0013] Adjusting the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same;

[0014] A finite element analysis algorithm is used to perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened, and a target cantilever beam model is determined from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened based on the analysis results, wherein the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined shape.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the rectifier device includes a bridge rectifier, an undervoltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence, the piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted into voltage and current through the bridge rectifier and the buck converter;

[0016] The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, connected to the buck converter, and stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery includes:

[0018] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, the first battery and the second battery are determined as target power supply batteries, a first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first battery and the second battery;

[0019] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than a first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as a target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first battery.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the energy management method further includes:

[0021] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connecting switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device and the second battery are powered by the first battery.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the energy management method further includes:

[0023] Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester during a historical period through monitoring;

[0024] Determining the current location information of the vibration energy harvester, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in the target time interval based on the historical power generation data and the current location information;

[0025] The power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery is dynamically adjusted based on the current remaining power of the first battery, the current discharge information, and the power generation data.

[0026] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this specification, there is provided an energy management device, including:

[0027] a collection module configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy collector and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector;

[0028] a storage module configured to convert the electric energy into a current-voltage according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery through a rectifier device, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first storage battery for storage;

[0029] a power supply module configured to, upon detecting that a load device is connected to the charging port, determine a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery;

[0030] The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device.

[0031] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of this specification, a computing device is provided, including:

[0032] memory and processor;

[0033] The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement any step of the energy management method.

[0034] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer-executable instructions, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the energy management methods are implemented.

[0035] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer program is provided, wherein when the computer program is executed in a computer, the computer is caused to execute the steps of the above-mentioned energy management method.

[0036] The energy management method provided in the embodiments of this specification collects vibration energy through a vibration energy harvester and converts the vibration energy into electrical energy. The vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester. According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first battery, the electrical energy is converted into current and voltage by a rectifier device, and the converted electrical energy is transmitted to the first battery for storage. When a load device is detected to be connected to the charging port, a target power supply battery is determined from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery. By using the vibration energy harvester including the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and the piezoelectric energy harvester to collect and convert energy, it is beneficial to improve energy conversion and collection efficiency. In addition, the collected electrical energy is converted into current and voltage by a rectifier device to form an efficient, low-power, and stable power supply for external power supply, which is beneficial to improve energy utilization. In addition, the target power supply battery for external power supply is determined according to the remaining power of the two batteries, which not only helps to ensure the timeliness of energy supply, but also helps to ensure the rationality and efficiency of energy use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a flow chart of an energy management method provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0038] Figure 2 This is an architecture diagram of an energy management system provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cantilever beam model structure analysis process provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another cantilever beam model structure analysis process provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of a rectifier device provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a cantilever beam provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an application device provided by an embodiment of this specification;

[0045] Figure 9This is another perspective view of an application device provided by an embodiment of this specification;

[0046] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0047] Figure 11 is another structural schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a partial structural diagram of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0049] Figure 13 is another perspective view of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0050] Figure 14 is another partial structural diagram of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0051] Figure 15 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvesting device provided by one embodiment of this specification;

[0052] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy management device provided by an embodiment of this specification;

[0053] Figure 17 This is a structural block diagram of a computing device provided by one embodiment of this specification.

[0054] 1. Cantilever beam; 11. First end piece; 12. Second end piece; 13. Middle piece; 14. First piezoelectric piece; 2. Middle seat; 21. First structure; 22. Second structure; 221. Second piezoelectric piece; 23. Elastic structure; 3. Main structure; 4. Third piezoelectric piece; 5. Energy collector; 51. Support plate; 52. Plate body; 53. Fourth piezoelectric piece; 6. Force transmission component; 61. Counterweight; 62. Side elastic member; 7. Support column; 71. Conical shell; 8. Cushion.

[0055] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a thorough understanding of this specification. However, this specification can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the scope of this specification. Therefore, this specification is not limited to the specific implementations disclosed below.

[0057] The terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in one or more embodiments of this specification refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0058] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this specification, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, the first may also be referred to as the second, and similarly, the second may also be referred to as the first. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0059] In this specification, an energy management method is provided. This specification also involves an energy management device, a computing device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program, which are described in detail one by one in the following embodiments.

[0060] Figure 1 A flowchart of an energy management method provided according to an embodiment of the present specification is shown. The method is applied to an energy management system, which includes a vibration energy harvester, a rectifier device, a first battery, a second battery, and a charging port. The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device. The method specifically includes the following steps.

[0061] Step 102: collecting vibration energy through the vibration energy harvester and converting the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester.

[0062] The energy management method provided in the embodiments of this specification is applied to an energy management system, which includes a vibration energy collector, a rectifier device, a first battery, a second battery and a charging port, wherein the charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy collector is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device.

[0063] The architecture diagram of an energy management system provided in the embodiment of this specification is as follows Figure 2 In the energy harvesting process, the vibration energy can be collected by a vibration energy harvester and converted into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester.

[0064] The energy management system provided in the embodiments of this specification can be applied to vehicles. For example, the energy management system can be set under the seats of a bus to collect vibration energy generated by seat vibration during the driving of the bus through the energy management system.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the piezoelectric energy collector is arranged on the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam body to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam arm and convert it into electrical energy.

[0066] Furthermore, the energy management method further includes:

[0067] Simulating and generating a plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes are the same;

[0068] Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever arm model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model among the multiple initial cantilever arm models of different shapes according to the analysis results;

[0069] Adjusting the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same;

[0070] A finite element analysis algorithm is used to perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened, and a target cantilever beam model is determined from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened based on the analysis results, wherein the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined shape.

[0071] Specifically, the embodiments of this specification first take the surface area of ​​the piezoelectric energy harvester as an initial condition and analyze the effect of the shape of the piezoelectric energy harvester (triangle, trapezoid, rectangle) on the power generation performance (output voltage and power) of the device.

[0072] Based on this, the initial cantilever beam model was first divided into triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular shapes (all classic structures), maintaining the same surface area. Static, modal, and piezoelectric analyses were performed. Based on the analysis results, intermediate cantilever beam models were determined within the initial cantilever beam models of different shapes. The experimental results show that the average surface stress of the triangular structure is 0.04 N / m², the average surface stress of the trapezoidal structure is 0.03 N / m², and the average surface stress of the rectangular structure is 0.02 N / m². This shows that the piezoelectric energy harvester with a triangular structure has the highest power generation efficiency.

[0073] In addition, the natural frequencies of piezoelectric energy harvesters of different shapes calculated using modal analysis were compared, and the output voltages of initial cantilever beams of different shapes were compared using piezoelectric analysis. The results show that, under the same conditions, the triangular structure has the lowest natural frequency and a higher open-circuit output voltage. Compared to the trapezoidal and rectangular structures, the triangular structure not only has a lower natural frequency but also produces a higher output voltage, making it more suitable for low-frequency vibration energy harvesting. Therefore, the triangular structure was determined to be the intermediate cantilever beam model.

[0074] In subsequent iterations, since the power generation efficiency of the triangular structure is not enough to support the power supply needs of users, the embodiment of this specification adjusts the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein each cantilever beam model to be screened is streamlined, and then the finite element analysis algorithm is used to compare each cantilever beam model to the triangular structure to evaluate its performance from three key perspectives: strain, stress, and deformation. In the strain analysis, the degree of deformation of the cantilever beam under different load conditions is mainly analyzed to ensure that it does not exceed the elastic limit of the material during use, thereby avoiding permanent deformation. Stress analysis focuses on evaluating the internal stress distribution of the cantilever beam when it is subjected to force, which is crucial for predicting the fatigue life of the structure and preventing structural failure. Deformation analysis involves the displacement and deformation of the cantilever beam in actual application, which is crucial to ensure that the cantilever beam can accurately convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and maintain its long-term stability and reliability.

[0075] The schematic diagram of the cantilever beam model structure analysis process provided in the embodiment of this specification is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0076] After the analysis is completed, the analysis results are combined to determine a target cantilever beam model from at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined shape.

[0077] The embodiments of this specification optimize the design of the cantilever beam in the above manner to improve its efficiency and durability in energy harvesting applications and ensure that it can exhibit excellent performance under various usage conditions.

[0078] Specifically, first establish the Bezier curve width distribution function:

[0079] (1)

[0080] in, and is the width from start to finish, and is the optimizable intermediate control point, and t=(x-3.5) / 3.0 is the normalized position parameter.

[0081] Then set up the objective function strain energy formula:

[0082] (2)

[0083] (3)

[0084] (4)

[0085] Here, M(x) is the bending moment distribution of the cantilever beam, I(x) is the moment of inertia, and the total strain energy U is calculated numerically using np.trapz. The goal is to minimize -U so that the cantilever beam deforms more (higher strain energy) under the same load, corresponding to a more flexible structure.

[0086] Set the stress constraint condition, that is, the maximum bending stress formula:

[0087] (5)

[0088] Where M_max is the maximum bending moment at the fixed end, I_min is the moment of inertia at the minimum width, and y_max is the distance from the neutral axis to the surface.

[0089] Finally, the SLSQP (Sequential Least Squares Programming) algorithm is used for optimization.

[0090] A schematic diagram of another cantilever beam model structure analysis process provided in the embodiment of this specification is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0091] A vibration energy harvester (PVEH) consists of a piezoelectric mechanical resonator and an electrical circuit, with the core component being a piezoelectric transducer material. The resonator is often designed as a cantilever beam, which converts external vibrations into the piezoelectric material. This design features a fixed end and a free mass at the other end. In practical applications, the vibration energy harvester can be simplified to a single-mass spring-damper system, such as Figure 4 This system consists of a cantilever beam equivalent to a spring oscillator, a damper connected to a base or frame, and a mass at the free end. The base is subjected to an external displacement or motion excitation. This model can be described as a "mass-spring-damper" system.

[0092] The force exerted on the material can be equated to its inherent stiffness The sum of the voltage control force and the voltage control force is expressed as follows:

[0093] (6)

[0094] In the formula, Represents the output voltage generated by the piezoelectric material; M identifies the mass of the object; is the stiffness parameter; δ refers to the force due to viscous damping; Represents its own stiffness The sum of the voltage control force; and The displacement of mass M in the Galilean reference frame; is a coefficient that describes the electromechanical coupling characteristics of piezoelectric materials.

[0095] In short, when the current source inside the piezoelectric material is affected by the relative mechanical velocity, it is expressed as follows:

[0096] (7)

[0097] The basic properties of a mass-spring-damper system include natural frequency and damping, which can be expressed as:

[0098] (8)

[0099] (9)

[0100] In this formula, represents the eigenfrequency of the piezoelectric device; ζ represents the mechanical damping coefficient. Furthermore, the dynamic model of the piezoelectric system can be expressed as follows:

[0101] (10)

[0102] Equations (6) through (10) form the lumped parameter electromechanical model of the vibration energy harvester. Analytical methods can be used to determine the model parameters using the properties of the piezoelectric material and the characteristics of the mechanical components. Typically, both finite element simulation and measured data can be used to estimate parameter values, and studies have shown that the results from both methods are consistent.

[0103] By integrating this model with the matching circuit model, the key performance indicators of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester can be evaluated. The matching circuit includes diodes, capacitors, and resistors, and is designed to simulate the energy consumption behavior of the actual load. Figure 4 In (b), the circuit layout clearly illustrates the operating mechanism. When the harvester undergoes periodic mechanical vibration at its resonant frequency, the power produced can be quantified using a specific formula.

[0104] (11)

[0105] Where: is the angular frequency; is the vibration amplitude of an object of mass M.

[0106] Equation (11) shows the average output power and the square of the device acceleration and their product ( ), and this relationship is also affected by the load resistance R. This indicates that the energy output of a vibration energy harvester depends primarily on the structural characteristics of its piezoelectric beam and the connected load resistance. Based on this, the embodiments of this specification use finite element analysis to analyze how the positional distribution of the piezoelectric material, the geometry of the piezoelectric cantilever beam, and the load resistance jointly regulate power generation efficiency to optimize the harvester's power generation performance.

[0107] A schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown in FIG. Figure 5 shown.

[0108] This structure uses a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam as an efficient vibration energy conversion device. Compared with the traditional single rectangular cantilever beam, this center-converged streamlined structure not only better meets actual structural requirements and maximizes the piezoelectric material laying area, but also improves the use effect of piezoelectric materials, thereby significantly improving power generation efficiency.

[0109] A spring is added to the center region, creating a piezoelectric-spring composite structure to amplify the vibration effect and increase power output. The spring column adopts a sandwich composite structure, improving the single spring structure to a three-layer structure of spring, piezoelectric material, and support plate. This prevents damage to the cantilever beam and increases power generation. By arranging these aforementioned structures in multiple layers vertically, maximum power collection is achieved.

[0110] The embodiments of this specification are based on the mechanical properties of cantilever beams, which exhibit a significant strain amplification effect when subjected to stress. Therefore, a piezoelectric energy harvester is added to the cantilever beam to efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the location where stress is greatest and most concentrated, thereby significantly improving power generation efficiency.

[0111] Because the embodiments of this specification utilize a centrally focused structure, the front free end of the cantilever beam must possess excellent focusing properties. Furthermore, based on the results of finite element analysis, the shape of the cantilever beam was optimized to create a streamlined cantilever beam structure. This structure not only meets the mechanical requirements of centrally focused structure but also further improves power generation efficiency through the rational distribution of stress. By combining structural requirements with cantilever beam stress analysis, the cantilever beam structure was optimized to achieve the desired mechanical properties, structural characteristics, and power generation efficiency.

[0112] By adding piezoelectric material to the cantilever beam and optimizing its structure, the embodiments of this specification achieve significant performance improvements. In terms of mechanical performance, the streamlined cantilever beam has a more reasonable stress distribution, and the convergence characteristics of the front free end have been effectively improved, which can better meet the mechanical requirements of the central convergence structure, and the stability and reliability of the overall structure are significantly enhanced.

[0113] In terms of power generation efficiency, piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at the locations where stress is greatest and most concentrated in the cantilever beam, significantly improving power generation efficiency compared to traditional structures. Compared to rectangular and triangular cantilever beams, the streamlined cantilever beam significantly improves power generation efficiency. Therefore, improving the cantilever beam shape can help improve energy recovery efficiency and energy utilization.

[0114] Step 104: performing current-voltage conversion on the electric energy according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first battery and using the rectifier device, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the first battery for storage.

[0115] In an optional embodiment, the rectifier device includes a bridge rectifier, an undervoltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence, the piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted into voltage and current through the bridge rectifier and the buck converter;

[0116] The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, connected to the buck converter, and stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

[0117] A circuit diagram of a rectifier device provided in the embodiment of this specification is as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0118] The vibration energy collected by the piezoelectric energy harvester is fed into a rectifier device, which integrates a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit and a step-down converter. The former converts AC power to DC, while the latter reduces the voltage to match the battery charging voltage. Capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, with one parallel point connected to ground and the other connected to one side of capacitor C3. The other side of capacitor C3 is connected to pin 3 of the chip. The parallel capacitors C1 and C2 primarily act as energy buffers. Since the piezoelectric energy harvester's output is intermittent (only when vibration occurs), the parallel capacitors can quickly accumulate this charge, acting as an "energy sink." Capacitor C3 further stabilizes the charge accumulated by capacitors C1 and C2, smoothing the voltage. The other side of C3 is connected to pin 3 (Vin) of the chip, providing a stable input voltage.

[0119] One end of inductor L1 is connected to pin 5 of the LTC3588-2 chip, and the other end is connected to pin 6. Together with capacitor C5, inductor L1 forms a filter circuit. Inductor L1 acts as an energy storage and filtering device in the circuit, effectively suppressing high-frequency noise and voltage spikes while providing stable current output during power conversion.

[0120] This design can efficiently convert the weak AC current (typically about 10µA) generated by the piezoelectric energy harvester into DC power, and the total voltage drop of the rectifier device is only about 400mV, which greatly reduces the loss compared to traditional rectifier devices.

[0121] Additionally, the rectifier device includes an ultra-low quiescent current (450nA) undervoltage lockout mode, allowing charge to accumulate on the input capacitor until the input voltage reaches the UVLO rising threshold, at which point the buck converter is enabled.

[0122] This design enables it to operate at extremely low power input, and even if the input current is very small, it can effectively accumulate energy until there is enough energy for efficient conversion.

[0123] In addition, the rectifier device has selectable output voltage and high output current capability. Specifically, it can provide four selectable output voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and 3.6V, and can provide a continuous output current of up to 100mA.

[0124] This design enables it to meet a variety of different application requirements while supporting higher output current bursts by designing the output capacitor.

[0125] In addition, the rectifier device provides low quiescent current and sleep mode. When in steady-state regulation, it enters a low quiescent current (950nA) sleep mode, at which both input and output quiescent currents are minimized.

[0126] This design further reduces the device's power consumption at no load or light load, extending the life of the energy harvesting system.

[0127] The conversion process from unstable, high voltage, low current to regulated DC power:

[0128] (1) Rectification process

[0129] For example, consider irregular 90mA, 15V AC power. The device contains a bridge rectifier, which converts the AC power into unidirectional DC power. This bridge rectifier is "full-wave," meaning it utilizes every peak and valley of the AC power to generate DC power.

[0130] Specifically, 15V, 90mA AC power is input to the rectifier via a pin. The bridge rectifier converts both the positive and negative half-waves of the AC power into positive DC power. This transforms the previously fluctuating voltage into a relatively stable DC voltage, though it may still experience some fluctuation. The rectified DC power is then stored in a capacitor connected to the VIN pin. This capacitor acts as an "energy reservoir," temporarily storing the rectified energy.

[0131] (2) Buck converter regulation process

[0132] After rectification, the DC power stored in the capacitor needs to be stepped down from 15V to a stable 3.3V. This process is accomplished by a buck converter.

[0133] Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Mode (Start): The buck converter will not start until the voltage across the capacitor reaches a certain threshold (e.g., 15V). This threshold is determined by the device's internal undervoltage lockout (UVLO) function. If the voltage is too low, the buck converter will not start because it lacks sufficient energy. When the input voltage reaches 15V, exceeding the UVLO start threshold, the buck converter will start operating.

[0134] Energy Transfer (Process): A buck converter controls energy transfer through an inductor (usually a coil) and a switch (an internal MOSFET). It periodically opens and closes the switch, allowing current to flow in the inductor, thereby transferring energy from the capacitor to the output. This process is like using a pump to draw water from a higher reservoir (the input capacitor) to a lower reservoir (the output capacitor).

[0135] Stabilizing Output Voltage: The buck converter maintains a stable output voltage through an internal feedback mechanism. It continuously monitors the output voltage. If the output voltage is below 3.3V, it operates longer, transferring more energy to the output. If the output voltage is above 3.3V, it operates less, reducing energy transfer. This process is like a self-regulating faucet, controlling the flow of water as needed to ensure the water level (output voltage) in the tank remains constant at 3.3V.

[0136] The function of the output capacitor: A capacitor at the output (e.g., 47µF) further smooths the voltage and reduces fluctuations. This ensures that the final DC output is very stable, with a voltage maintained at around 3.3V.

[0137] Final output: After the above two steps, the originally irregular 15V AC power is rectified into DC power, and then regulated to 3.3V DC power by a step-down converter. This stable 3.3V DC power can be used to power microprocessors, sensors or other low-power devices.

[0138] Step 106: When it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, a target power supply battery is determined from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery.

[0139] In an optional embodiment, determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery includes:

[0140] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, the first battery and the second battery are determined as target power supply batteries, a first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first battery and the second battery;

[0141] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than a first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as a target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first battery.

[0142] Furthermore, when it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connecting switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device and the second battery are powered by the first battery.

[0143] When the remaining charge in the first battery falls below or equals a first preset charge threshold, the system immediately initiates the emergency power supply protocol. The first connection switch automatically closes, forming a one-way conduction loop. The second battery then injects power into the first battery through a dedicated circuit. The second connection switch remains open to isolate the battery. The second battery prioritizes maintaining the continuous power supply capability of the charging port. During the charging process, the system continuously compares the status of both batteries. If the first battery's charge returns to 25% or the second battery's own charge reaches a preset warning level, the charging circuit is immediately disconnected to prevent overdraft of core emergency power resources.

[0144] When the remaining charge in the first battery exceeds a first preset charge threshold and falls below a second preset charge threshold, the system disconnects all external switches. The mechanical energy captured by the vibration generator, after voltage stabilization, is directly input into the first battery and simultaneously supplied to the charging interface load group. In this mode, the first battery acts as a dynamic buffer: when the vehicle is driving smoothly and the vibration energy input is gentle, it gradually stores excess energy. When passengers collectively charge, causing a sudden increase in load or a violent vehicle jolt that generates an energy peak, the first battery uses a rapid response mechanism to smooth out power supply fluctuations. By adjusting the charge and discharge rates in real time, the system keeps the first battery in a shallow cycle state, ensuring both power supply stability and maximizing battery life.

[0145] When the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to the second preset power threshold, the system closes the second connection switch to establish an energy transmission channel with the second battery and stops the vibration energy input. At this time, the continuous electrical energy generated by vibration power generation is combined with the overflow energy of the battery and transmitted to the second battery energy storage unit through the isolation circuit. The charging interface enters the limited power output state, and the power supply capacity is controlled within the safety threshold to ensure basic charging needs while avoiding the risk of circuit overload. The system synchronously tracks the real-time status of the first battery and the second battery through a dual monitoring mechanism. When the power of the first battery drops to 75% or the second battery is close to full capacity, the energy feedback process is automatically terminated and switched to autonomous power supply mode.

[0146] In actual applications, the first preset power threshold can be set to 20%, and the second preset power threshold can be set to 80%. The specific value can be determined according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0147] The three modes seamlessly transition through an intelligent control hub, employing a pre-check buffer mechanism during switching: first, verifying the load compatibility of the target power supply unit, then maintaining a brief period of continuous power supply through a transition circuit, and finally completing the switching operation at zero current. This strategy eliminates the risk of power outages while minimizing energy loss during the switching process, forming a sustainable energy supply system that prioritizes vibration energy, provides a backup guarantee with onboard batteries, and increases the efficiency of redundant energy recycling. While fully adhering to the original design framework, it achieves both improved energy distribution efficiency and equipment safety.

[0148] When the energy management system is applied to a vehicle, the second battery can be an onboard battery. The onboard battery is directly connected to the vehicle's electric drive system, emergency evacuation lighting, and emergency ventilation and air-conditioning equipment through an independent power supply line, forming a dedicated emergency power network that is physically isolated from the conventional power system. When the vehicle encounters a sudden power outage or a main circuit failure, the onboard battery automatically switches to power supply mode, continuously providing power to the electric door opening and closing mechanism to ensure the rapid evacuation of passengers, and simultaneously activates the LED emergency lighting system on the top of the vehicle, illuminating the evacuation passage with a stable light output of no less than 30 minutes, while maintaining the basic operation of the air conditioning and fresh air device to prevent the deterioration of air quality in the confined space. The entire emergency power supply system is linked to the mechanical control unit through a real-time monitoring module to ensure that uninterrupted power supply to critical facilities can be maintained in extreme situations such as collisions and fires, creating a safe and reliable emergency shelter environment for passengers.

[0149] By integrating three core technologies—vibration power generation, intelligent dispatching, and emergency support—the system achieves efficient conversion and precise control of vehicle mechanical vibration energy, building a smart energy network encompassing "real-time power supply, surplus energy storage, and emergency response." This system, centered around systematic energy management, dynamically optimizes power supply paths to strictly safeguard emergency power reserves, significantly improving overall energy efficiency. At the technical application level, it not only captures and instantly utilizes vibration energy throughout the day, but also intelligently feeds excess electricity back to the onboard energy storage system. In terms of operational management, automated control significantly reduces manual intervention costs while extending the service life of critical equipment.

[0150] In an optional embodiment, the energy management method further includes:

[0151] Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester during a historical period through monitoring;

[0152] Determining the current location information of the vibration energy harvester, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in the target time interval based on the historical power generation data and the current location information;

[0153] The power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery is dynamically adjusted based on the current remaining power of the first battery, the current discharge information, and the power generation data.

[0154] Specifically, in order to further improve power generation capacity and energy utilization, the embodiments of this specification monitor the vibration characteristics of the vibration energy harvester at different time periods in real time to predict the power generation in the future, and dynamically optimize the power distribution strategy based on the current power demand.

[0155] The embodiment of this specification sets a vibration sensor and a power generation monitoring module in the energy management system to record the vibration intensity and power generation of the vibration energy harvester in real time at different time periods, and establishes a power generation database to record historical power generation data at different time periods.

[0156] Furthermore, historical data can be analyzed using machine learning algorithms (such as time series prediction models or LSTM neural networks) to predict future power generation. The prediction model's input parameters can then be dynamically adjusted based on the location of the vibration energy harvester. Using an adaptive optimization strategy, the system prioritizes charging the secondary battery during periods of high power generation, while simultaneously meeting the power needs of other high-power devices through the charging port. During periods of low power generation, critical equipment is prioritized, while non-critical equipment is suspended to conserve energy. Furthermore, the system optimizes power distribution through a dynamic power adjustment module, ensuring stable operation under varying operating conditions.

[0157] (1) Power generation prediction model

[0158] Use LSTM neural network to model historical power generation data and predict future power generation:

[0159] (12)

[0160] in, Indicates the past Historical data of power generation within a time period, is the output function of the LSTM model.

[0161] (2) Power distribution optimization strategy

[0162] On sections with higher power generation, the optimization goal is to maximize energy storage efficiency :

[0163] (13)

[0164] On sections with low power generation, the optimization goal is to maximize the utilization of power :

[0165] (14)

[0166] (3) Dynamic power adjustment

[0167] Through the dynamic power adjustment module, the mathematical expression for optimizing power distribution is:

[0168] (15)

[0169] in, is the current power generation, is the current electricity demand, is the priority coefficient of the second battery, is the available capacity of the second battery.

[0170] By optimizing the cantilever beam structure and piezoelectric energy harvester layout, power generation efficiency is further improved. Vibration power difference detection technology is also used to monitor the vibration characteristics of the energy harvester in real time, providing data support for power generation prediction. Ultimately, this system not only improves the efficiency of vibration energy generation, but also enhances its stability and adaptability.

[0171] The energy management method provided in the embodiments of this specification collects vibration energy through a vibration energy harvester and converts the vibration energy into electrical energy. The vibration energy harvester includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy harvester. According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first battery, the electrical energy is converted into current and voltage by a rectifier device, and the converted electrical energy is transmitted to the first battery for storage. When a load device is detected to be connected to the charging port, a target power supply battery is determined from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and the load device is powered by the target power supply battery. By using the vibration energy harvester including the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and the piezoelectric energy harvester to collect and convert energy, it is beneficial to improve energy conversion and collection efficiency. In addition, the collected electrical energy is converted into current and voltage by a rectifier device to form an efficient, low-power, and stable power supply for external power supply, which is beneficial to improve energy utilization. In addition, the target power supply battery for external power supply is determined according to the remaining power of the two batteries, which not only helps to ensure the timeliness of energy supply, but also helps to ensure the rationality and efficiency of energy use.

[0172] The embodiments of this specification utilize a multi-layer composite cantilever beam structure to convert the vibration energy of bus seats into electrical energy through piezoelectric materials. This energy conversion method not only collects the vibration energy generated by bus seats, but also improves the energy conversion efficiency by matching the external excitation frequency. Specifically, it includes the following three parts:

[0173] (1) The energy conversion system collects the vibration energy generated by the bus bumping through a piezoelectric variable-section cantilever beam, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy and sends it to the circuit processing system for processing. A multi-layer composite structure is used here, and by selecting the materials and parameters of each component and designing a reasonable cantilever beam shape through finite element analysis, the vibration energy collection efficiency is maximized.

[0174] (2) The energy storage and application system prioritizes the distribution of collected energy through energy management strategies, such as charging USB devices and providing emergency lighting. In addition, the system can also provide power for in-car lighting, air conditioning, and smartphone charging, achieving reasonable energy distribution.

[0175] (3) The circuit processing system is responsible for converting the collected AC power into DC power and ensuring stable current output. This module includes a bridge rectifier, undervoltage lockout, monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter to ensure safe and efficient operation of the system.

[0176] To build an efficient and reliable onboard energy management system, this specification utilizes the core technical features of a vibration-powered smart bus seat to design an energy monitoring and distribution system deeply integrated with the vehicle's battery. Using rechargeable batteries as the energy storage hub, the system uses an intelligent control module to monitor power levels in real time and dynamically adjust power supply paths to ensure both passenger charging services and vehicle emergency power supply.

[0177] Specifically, the system provides a rechargeable battery for connecting to a vibration power generation seat ( Figure 2 Each blue bar on the left side of the center represents a seat) and a charging port (USB port), with the vehicle battery connected in parallel at both ends. This system uses an intelligent control module to monitor the battery charge in real time and dynamically adjust the power supply chain, forming a three-level energy distribution logic to ensure efficient use of vibration energy and safe onboard power supply.

[0178] like Figures 7 to 13As shown, the first embodiment of the present specification provides a cantilever beam 1, comprising: a first end piece 11, a second end piece 12 and a middle piece 13. Extrusion surfaces are provided on both sides of the first end piece 11 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness, the second end piece 12 is spaced apart from the first end piece 11, the width of the second end piece 12 is smaller than that of the first end piece 11, and the width of the second end piece 12 gradually decreases in the direction from the first end piece 11 to the second end piece 12. The middle piece 13 is located between the first end piece 11 and the second end piece 12, and the middle piece 13 is respectively connected to the first end piece 11 and the second end piece 12. Bending deformation surfaces are provided on both sides of the middle piece 13 in a direction perpendicular to the thickness, and the width of the bending deformation surfaces gradually increases in the direction from the middle of the middle piece 13 to the first end piece 11 and the second end piece 12 on both sides.

[0179] The end of the first end piece 11 facing away from the second end piece 12 is used for fixing. When the cantilever beam 1 is affected by an external structure and mechanically vibrates, it will squeeze the piezoelectric sheets on both sides, causing the piezoelectric crystal lattice structure of the corresponding piezoelectric sheets to undergo mechanical deformation, thereby generating a measurable potential difference on the surface of the material, and realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. The second end piece 12 can be connected to a vibration source, which can transmit the vibration energy to the cantilever beam 1 when the vibration source vibrates. The cantilever beam 1 of the embodiment of this specification has a width of the curved deformation surface gradually increasing from the middle of the middle piece 13 to the first end piece 11 and the second end piece 12 on both sides, that is, a narrowing section is formed in the middle of the cantilever beam 1, so that when the cantilever beam 1 vibrates, the middle part is prone to large deformation, which is conducive to the piezoelectric sheet attached to the middle piece 13 of the cantilever beam 1 to generate more electrical energy. Based on the mechanical properties of the cantilever beam 1, it has a significant strain amplification effect when subjected to force. Therefore, we choose to add piezoelectric material to the cantilever beam 1 so that it can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy at locations where stress is greater and more concentrated (such as the bending deformation surface), thereby greatly improving the power generation efficiency.

[0180] In some possible implementations, bumps may be provided on the extrusion surface. When the extrusion surface contacts the piezoelectric sheet, each bump acts on a different position of the piezoelectric sheet, enabling the piezoelectric sheet to generate more electrical energy.

[0181] The vibration energy harvesting device of the embodiment of this specification can be applied to seats, vehicles and mechanical equipment to achieve energy recycling. The piezoelectric piece can be PZT5A piezoelectric ceramic.

[0182] In some possible implementation schemes, the edges on the same side of the first end piece 11, the middle piece 13 and the second end piece 12 are smoothly connected and extend smoothly along the arc. The material of the cantilever beam 1 can be spring steel to ensure that it is not easily damaged by fatigue under high-frequency vibration. This specification can achieve vibration performance improvement in multiple scenarios by geometrically optimizing the cantilever beam 1. The narrowed part in the middle of the cantilever beam 1 extends smoothly and is easy to bend and deform. The deformation is large, which can help the piezoelectric piece attached to the cantilever beam 1 to generate more electricity. The cantilever beam 1 adopts a streamlined design and is optimized through finite element analysis to ensure uniform stress distribution during vibration and avoid local stress concentration.

[0183] In some possible embodiments, a tip piece portion is provided on the side of the second end piece portion 12 facing away from the first end piece portion 11, and the tip piece portion is used for connection and fixation, such as connection to the middle seat 2. The cantilever beam 1 is roughly an equilateral triangle, and the tip piece portion is the vertex of the equilateral triangle. Usually, a plurality of cantilever beams 1 are arranged around the middle seat 2, and each cantilever beam 1 takes the middle seat 2 as the center and extends radially outward. By setting the cantilever beam 1 in a quasi-triangle shape, the width dimension of each cantilever beam 1 close to the middle seat 2 can be reduced, which can facilitate the arrangement of a large number of cantilever beams 1 around the middle seat 2, avoiding the problem of overlapping ends of the cantilever beams 1, thereby increasing the number and density of piezoelectric sheets.

[0184] It should be noted that the thickness of the cantilever beam 1 can be 0.5 mm and it is made of spring steel to ensure that it is not easily damaged by fatigue under high-frequency vibration. The thickness of the piezoelectric piece can be 0.3 mm and can be fixed to the surface of the cantilever beam 1 by a gluing process.

[0185] In some possible embodiments, the cantilever beam 1 includes a beam body and a first piezoelectric sheet 14. The beam body includes the first end sheet 11, the second end sheet 12, and the middle sheet 13 described above. The beam body is an integrally formed sheet. The first piezoelectric sheet 14 is at least partially attached to the curved deformation surface. The curved deformation surface is the area on the cantilever beam 1 where the deformation is greatest. By attaching the first piezoelectric sheet 14 to the curved deformation surface, the deformation of the first piezoelectric sheet 14 can be increased, thereby increasing power generation and improving power generation efficiency. The first piezoelectric sheet 14 can extend along the length of the beam body of the cantilever beam 1.

[0186] The embodiment of this specification achieves significant performance improvement by adding piezoelectric material to the cantilever beam 1 and optimizing its structure. In terms of mechanical properties, the stress distribution of the streamlined cantilever beam 1 is more reasonable, and the gathering characteristics of the front free end are effectively improved, which can better adapt to the mechanical requirements of the central gathering structure, and the stability and reliability of the overall structure are significantly enhanced. In terms of power generation efficiency, the piezoelectric material can efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in the parts of the cantilever beam 1 where the stress is large and concentrated, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved compared to the traditional structure. Compared with the rectangular cantilever 1 and the standard triangular cantilever beam, the power generation efficiency of the streamlined cantilever beam 1 used in the embodiment of this specification is greatly improved. In summary, the shape improvement of the cantilever beam 1 in the embodiment of this specification provides a more efficient and reliable solution for energy recovery and utilization in practical applications.

[0187] like Figure 2 as well as Figures 7 to 15 As shown, an embodiment of this specification provides a vibration energy harvesting device, comprising: a central seat 2 and the aforementioned cantilever beam 1. The central seat 2 has a first structure 21, a second structure 22, and an elastic structure 23. The elastic structure 23 is disposed between the first structure 21 and the second structure 22, and the elastic structure 23 is connected to the first structure 21 and the second structure 22, respectively. The cantilever beams 1 are spaced apart in sequence along the circumference of the central seat 2, and the second end piece 12 of each cantilever beam 1 is connected to the first structure 21 on the side facing away from the first end piece 11.

[0188] One side of the middle seat 2 is directly or indirectly connected to the vibration source. When the middle seat 2 vibrates, the energy is transferred to the cantilever beams 1 on the surrounding side, causing each cantilever beam 1 to vibrate and deform accordingly, so that the first piezoelectric piece 14 attached to the cantilever beam 1 generates electrical energy.

[0189] The vibration energy harvesting device may include a harvesting circuit connected to each piezoelectric sheet to harvest and store the energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet.

[0190] In some possible embodiments, a second piezoelectric plate 221 is disposed on at least one of the first structure 21 and the second structure 22. External impacts may act directly or indirectly on the central seat 2. By disposing the second piezoelectric plate 221 on the central seat 2, a portion of the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy. Both the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 are rigid structures. For example, the second structure 22 may include two layers of rigid structure. The second piezoelectric plate 221 is disposed inside the two layers of rigid structure. The compression produces mechanical deformation and generates electrical energy.

[0191] In some possible implementations, the vibration energy harvesting device includes: a main structure 3 having a receiving groove, the central seat 2 being located in the receiving groove, a plurality of third piezoelectric sheets 4 being disposed on the main structure 3, and each of the third piezoelectric sheets 4 being sequentially spaced apart along the circumference of the receiving groove, the first end piece 11 of each cantilever beam 1 being connected to the main body on a side facing away from the second end piece 12, and under the action of an external force, the cantilever beam 1 of the vibration energy harvesting device can deform, and the extrusion surface of each cantilever beam 1 respectively compresses and contacts the corresponding third piezoelectric sheet 4. Corresponding third piezoelectric sheets 4 are respectively disposed on both sides of each cantilever beam 1 along the thickness direction on the main structure 3.

[0192] One end of the cantilever beam 1, connected to the main structure 3, is fixed at the root, while the other end is indirectly connected to the vibration source, namely the central seat 2, as the free end. The reaction torque generated by the fixed end constraint of the cantilever beam 1 causes the root region of the beam to deform with high curvature. The large displacement of the free end is converted into a high strain state in the root region through the geometric configuration of the beam body, and acts on the third piezoelectric plate 4. The structural design of the embodiment of this specification utilizes the characteristic of the cantilever beam 1 structure that can convert small displacements into large surface strains, allowing the third piezoelectric plate 4 to generate more electrical energy.

[0193] In some possible embodiments, the vibration energy harvesting device may include a plurality of the central seats 2, each of which is arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the receiving groove. The first structure 21 of one of the two adjacent central seats 2 is fixedly connected to the second structure 22 of the other. The first structure 21 and the second structure 22 may be connected by fasteners or by colloids. Each central seat 2 is connected to the main structure 3 through a plurality of cantilever beams 1 around the perimeter. The elastic structure 23 of each central seat 2 includes a plurality of springs, each of which is located between the first structure 21 and the second structure 22 of the first central seat 2. The same central seat 2 corresponds to a cantilever beam array. The cantilever beams 1 of the cantilever beam array are arranged radially and converge at the center to form a circular array. This layout can maximize the laying area of ​​the piezoelectric material while ensuring that the vibration of the central seat 2 can be evenly transmitted to each cantilever beam 1. The vibration energy harvesting device of the embodiment of this specification is a multi-layer structure, each layer of which includes a central seat 2 and a cantilever beam array.

[0194] In some possible implementations, the vibration energy harvesting device includes: an energy harvester 5 and a force transmission assembly 6. A fourth piezoelectric plate 53 is provided on the energy harvester 5. The energy harvester 5 and the main structure 3 are spaced apart. The force transmission assembly 6 is located between the energy harvester 5 and the main structure 3 and contacts the energy harvester 5 and the central seat 2 on the main structure 3, respectively. The movement of either the energy harvester 5 or the central seat 2 can apply a force to the other through the force transmission assembly 6.

[0195] The energy collector 5 can be the bottom structure of the kinetic energy collection device. The energy collector 5 can be directly supported by the vibration source. When the vibration source vibrates, the vibration can be transmitted to the energy collector 5. The energy collector 5 can convert part of the mechanical energy into electrical energy and further transmit the vibration to the middle seat 2 through the force transmission component 6. The middle seat 2 converts part of the mechanical energy into electrical energy and further transmits the vibration to the cantilever beam 1. The cantilever beam 1 converts part of the mechanical energy into electrical energy. In another possible embodiment, the middle seat 2 can also be directly affected by the external vibration source to vibrate. The middle seat 2 transmits the vibration to each cantilever beam 1 and transmits the energy to the energy collector 5 at the bottom through the force transmission component 6.

[0196] In some possible embodiments, the force transmission assembly 6 includes a counterweight block 61 and two side elastic members 62, one of the side elastic members 62 is located between the counterweight block 61 and the energy collector 5, and the other side elastic member 62 is located between the counterweight block 61 and the middle seat 2 on the main structure 3.

[0197] The side elastic member 62 can be a spring, such as one made of high-strength alloy steel, to ensure durability in long-term use. The counterweight 61 can be fixed to the side elastic member by a threaded connection. The combined design of the side elastic member 62 and the counterweight 61 enables the system to have optimal energy collection efficiency within the low-frequency vibration range of 20-40 Hz, matching the typical vibration frequency range of common vibration sources, such as a bus during driving. The counterweight 61 can be made of metal tungsten, which has a high density and a large weight. The design of the counterweight 61 is conducive to extending the vibration time and improving the efficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0198] The energy harvester 5 includes a support plate 51 and an energy-absorbing structure. The energy-absorbing structure comprises multiple layers of plates 52, with fourth piezoelectric plates 53 disposed between each layer. The support plate 51 overlies the topmost plate 52, with the lower edge of the side elastic member 62 abutting against the support plate 51. The bottommost plate 52 is supported by a vibration source, such as the vehicle floor. When the vibration source vibrates, the energy harvester 5 converts some of the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0199] Each plate 52 of the energy collector 5 can be an annular plate. The plates are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with the inner and outer diameters of each increasing gradually from closer to the central seat 2 to farther away from it. The fourth piezoelectric plate 53 between two adjacent annular plates partially extends beyond the upper or lower annular plate. That is, each fourth piezoelectric plate 53 is partially located between the upper and lower annular plates, while partially extending beyond one of the annular plates. This structural design ensures that the fourth piezoelectric plate 53 is not only subject to compressive force but also readily deforms significantly at the portion extending beyond the annular plate, thereby increasing power generation.

[0200] like Figure 2 as well as Figures 7 to 15 As shown, the embodiments of this specification also provide an application device, including the above-mentioned vibration energy harvesting device, wherein the application device can be any structure that can vibrate autonomously. For example, the application device can be any one of a seat, a vehicle, and a mechanical device.

[0201] Taking a chair as an example, the central seat 2 of the vibration energy harvester can be coupled to the seat cushion 8. When someone sits on the chair, the seat cushion 8 is subjected to force, pressing down on the central seat 2. The central seat 2 directly drives the cantilever beams 1 on the peripheral sides to vibrate and deform. The central seat 2 transmits the force to the energy collector 5 via the force transmission component 6. During this process, the first piezoelectric plate 14, the second piezoelectric plate 221, the third piezoelectric plate 4, and the fourth piezoelectric plate 53 all generate electrical energy, which can be collected and rationally utilized.

[0202] When the application device is a vehicle, the energy harvester 5 can be directly supported on the vehicle's floor. The vibration energy harvester is integrated into the vehicle's seat. The central seat 2 of the vibration energy harvester is transmission-connected to the seat cushion 8. The central seat 2 is supported by a large number of cantilever beams 1 around its periphery, effectively supporting the seat cushion 8. This provides the cushion with excellent elasticity, providing a comfortable, resilient ride for passengers.

[0203] The main structure 3 of the vibration energy harvesting device can be a part of the seat structure. The vibration energy harvesting device also includes a support column 7, the top of the support column 7 is fixedly connected to the main structure 3, the middle seat 2 at the bottom edge can be located on the inner side of the support column 7, and a conical shell 71 can be provided on the lower edge of the support column 7 for installation on the vehicle's compartment floor. The energy collector 5 can be located on the inner side of the conical shell 71, and the counterweight block 61 and two side elastic members 62 of the force transmission component 6 can be located on the inner side of the support column 7. The support column 7 serves as a limit guide for the force transmission component 6.

[0204] The application device may further include a first battery and an electrical interface, the first battery being electrically connected to the vibration energy harvesting device, and the electrical interface being electrically connected to the first battery. The electrical energy generated by the vibration energy harvesting device may be stored in the first battery. The electrical interface may be a USB port to facilitate charging of passengers' electronic devices.

[0205] The application device may also include: a second battery, an electrical device, a discharge circuit, and a power supply circuit. The electrical device is electrically connected to the second battery, the second battery is electrically connected to the first battery via the discharge circuit, and the second battery is electrically connected to the first battery via the power supply circuit. A controller is connected to the discharge circuit and the power supply circuit, respectively, and the controller can control the on and off of the power supply circuit and the discharge circuit, respectively. The second battery can be an on-board battery, and the electrical device can be an electric mechanism, lighting, air conditioner, or other device on the vehicle. The on-board battery is used to power the electrical device.

[0206] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, this specification also provides an energy management device embodiment, Figure 16 FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy management device provided by an embodiment of this specification. Figure 16 As shown, the device includes:

[0207] The collection module 1602 is configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy collector and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector;

[0208] The storage module 1604 is configured to convert the electric energy into a current-voltage according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery through a rectifier device, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first storage battery for storage;

[0209] The power supply module 1606 is configured to, upon detecting that a load device is connected to the charging port, determine a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery based on the remaining power of the first battery, and power the load device through the target power supply battery;

[0210] The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device.

[0211] In an optional embodiment, the piezoelectric energy collector is arranged on the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam body to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam arm and convert it into electrical energy.

[0212] In an optional embodiment, the energy management device further includes a processing module configured to:

[0213] Simulating and generating a plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes are the same;

[0214] Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever arm model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model among the multiple initial cantilever arm models of different shapes according to the analysis results;

[0215] Adjusting the shape of the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two cantilever beam models to be screened, wherein the surface areas of the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened are the same;

[0216] A finite element analysis algorithm is used to perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each cantilever beam model to be screened, and a target cantilever beam model is determined from the at least two cantilever beam models to be screened based on the analysis results, wherein the shape of the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined shape.

[0217] In an optional embodiment, the rectifier device includes a bridge rectifier, an undervoltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence, the piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted into voltage and current through the bridge rectifier and the buck converter;

[0218] The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, connected to the buck converter, and stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

[0219] In an optional implementation, the power supply module 1606 is further configured to:

[0220] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, the first battery and the second battery are determined as target power supply batteries, a first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first battery and the second battery;

[0221] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than a first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as a target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first battery.

[0222] In an optional implementation, the power supply module 1606 is further configured to:

[0223] When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connecting switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device and the second battery are powered by the first battery.

[0224] In an optional implementation, the processing module is further configured to:

[0225] Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester during a historical period through monitoring;

[0226] Determining the current location information of the vibration energy harvester, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in the target time interval based on the historical power generation data and the current location information;

[0227] The power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery is dynamically adjusted based on the current remaining power of the first battery, the current discharge information, and the power generation data.

[0228] The above is a schematic scheme of an energy management device of this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical scheme of the energy management device and the technical scheme of the above-mentioned energy management method are based on the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical scheme of the energy management device, please refer to the description of the technical scheme of the above-mentioned energy management method.

[0229] Figure 17 17 shows a block diagram of a computing device 1700 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Components of the computing device 1700 include, but are not limited to, a memory 1710 and a processor 1720. The processor 1720 is connected to the memory 1710 via a bus 1730, and a database 1750 is used to store data.

[0230] Computing device 1700 also includes an access device 1740 that enables computing device 1700 to communicate via one or more networks 1760. Examples of such networks include a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a personal area network (PAN), or a combination of communication networks such as the Internet. Access device 1740 may include one or more of any type of network interface (e.g., a network interface card (NIC)), whether wired or wireless, such as an IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) wireless interface, a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX) interface, an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a cellular network interface, a Bluetooth interface, a near field communication (NFC) interface, and the like.

[0231] In one embodiment of the present specification, the above components of the computing device 1700 and Figure 17 Other components not shown in the figure may also be connected to each other, for example, via a bus. Figure 17The computing device structure block diagram shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this specification. Those skilled in the art may add or replace other components as needed.

[0232] Computing device 1700 can be any type of stationary or mobile computing device, including a mobile computer or mobile computing device (e.g., a tablet computer, personal digital assistant, laptop computer, notebook computer, netbook computer, etc.), a mobile phone (e.g., a smartphone), a wearable computing device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses, etc.), or other types of mobile devices, or a stationary computing device such as a desktop computer or PC. Computing device 1700 can also be a mobile or stationary server.

[0233] The processor 1720 is configured to execute the following computer-executable instructions, which implement the steps of the above-mentioned energy management method when executed by the processor.

[0234] The above is a schematic solution of a computing device of this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of the computing device and the technical solution of the above-mentioned energy management method are based on the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the computing device, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the above-mentioned energy management method.

[0235] An embodiment of the present specification further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which implement the steps of the above-mentioned energy management method when executed by a processor.

[0236] The above is a schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of the storage medium and the technical solution of the energy management method described above are based on the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the storage medium, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the energy management method described above.

[0237] An embodiment of the present specification further provides a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed in a computer, the computer is caused to execute the steps of the above-mentioned energy management method.

[0238] The above is an illustrative solution of a computer program of this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of the computer program and the technical solution of the above-mentioned energy management method are based on the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the computer program, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the above-mentioned energy management method.

[0239] The foregoing description of this specification describes specific embodiments. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in an order different from that described in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order shown or the sequential order to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0240] The computer instructions include computer program code, which may be in source code form, object code form, executable file, or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content of the computer-readable medium may be appropriately increased or decreased based on the requirements of legislation and patent practice within a jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, based on legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media does not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0241] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity of description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the embodiments of this specification are not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the embodiments of this specification, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the embodiments of this specification.

[0242] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0243] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate this specification. The optional embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of the embodiments of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the embodiments of this specification, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and utilize this specification. This specification is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy management method, applied to an energy management system, the energy management system comprising a vibration energy harvester, a rectifier, a first battery, a second battery, and a charging port, the charging port being connected to the first battery, the vibration energy harvester being connected to the first battery via the rectifier, the method comprising: The vibration energy is collected by the vibration energy collector and converted into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector comprises a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; According to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery, the electric energy is converted into current and voltage by the rectifier device, and the converted electric energy is transmitted to the first storage battery for storage; When it is detected that the charging port is connected to a load device, determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery; Obtaining historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester during a historical period through monitoring; Determining the current location information of the vibration energy harvester, and predicting the power generation data corresponding to the vibration energy harvester in the target time interval based on the historical power generation data and the current location information; The power distribution strategy of the first battery and the second battery is dynamically adjusted based on the remaining power of the first battery, the current discharge information, and the power generation data.

2. The energy management method according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric energy collector is arranged on the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam body, and is used to collect the energy generated by the vibration of the double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam arm and convert it into electrical energy.

3. The energy management method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: Simulating and generating a plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes, wherein the surface areas of the plurality of initial cantilever arm models of different shapes are the same; Performing static analysis, modal analysis, and piezoelectric analysis on each initial cantilever arm model, and determining an intermediate cantilever beam model among the multiple initial cantilever arm models of different shapes according to the analysis results; Adjusting the intermediate cantilever beam model to generate at least two streamlined cantilever beam models, wherein the surface areas of the at least two streamlined cantilever beam models are the same; A finite element analysis algorithm is used to perform strain analysis, stress analysis, and deformation analysis on each streamlined cantilever beam model, and a target cantilever beam model is determined from the at least two streamlined cantilever beam models based on the analysis results, wherein the target cantilever beam model is a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined model.

4. The energy management method according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier device comprises a bridge rectifier, an undervoltage lockout circuit, a monitoring voltage protection circuit, and a buck converter connected in sequence, wherein the piezoelectric energy converts vibration energy into electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted into voltage and current by the bridge rectifier and the buck converter; The first storage battery is a rechargeable battery, connected to the buck converter, and stores the electrical energy output by the buck converter.

5. The energy management method according to claim 1, wherein determining a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery based on the remaining power of the first battery, and supplying power to the load device through the target power supply battery comprises: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is less than or equal to a first preset power threshold, the first battery and the second battery are determined as target power supply batteries, a first connection switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device is powered by the first battery and the second battery; When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than a first preset power threshold and less than a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as a target power supply battery, and the load device is powered by the first battery.

6. The energy management method according to claim 5, further comprising: When it is determined that the remaining power of the first battery is greater than or equal to a second preset power threshold, the first battery is determined as the target power supply battery, the second connecting switch between the first battery and the second battery is closed, and the load device and the second battery are powered by the first battery.

7. An energy management device comprising: a collection module configured to collect vibration energy through a vibration energy collector and convert the vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the vibration energy collector includes a double-sided piezoelectric streamlined cantilever beam and a piezoelectric energy collector; a storage module configured to convert the electric energy into a current-voltage according to the charging current and charging voltage of the first storage battery through a rectifier device, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first storage battery for storage; a power supply module configured to, upon detecting that a load device is connected to the charging port, determine a target power supply battery from the first battery and the second battery according to the remaining power of the first battery, and supply power to the load device through the target power supply battery; a processing module configured to obtain historical power generation data of the vibration energy harvester during historical time periods through monitoring, determine current location information of the vibration energy harvester, and predict power generation data corresponding to a target time interval of the vibration energy harvester based on the historical power generation data and the current location information, and dynamically adjust a power distribution strategy between the first battery and the second battery in combination with the remaining power of the first battery, current discharge information, and the power generation data; The charging port is connected to the first battery, and the vibration energy harvester is connected to the first battery through the rectifier device.

8. A computing device comprising: memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the energy management method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the energy management method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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