A type of mains-powered complementary solar controller

Abstract

This invention discloses a mains-electricity complementary solar controller, relating to the field of solar controllers. The controller includes: a microcontroller that collects solar voltage and charging current in real time through a solar voltage and current acquisition circuit; a solar charging control circuit connected to the battery to achieve charging control; and a mains voltage and current acquisition circuit that collects mains voltage and charging current in real time, with the mains charging control circuit connected to the battery to achieve charging control. The microcontroller also collects battery voltage and discharge current in real time through a battery voltage and current acquisition circuit, controlling a discharge circuit to achieve load control. The microcontroller is connected to the battery and the electrical load through battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery / mains power supply control circuits. This is an intelligent solar controller integrating solar and mains power switching, load discharge switching, and various protection functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar energy controller technology, and in particular to a mains-powered complementary solar energy controller. Background Technology

[0002] A solar power controller, also known as a solar charge / discharge controller, is used in solar power systems to automatically control the charging of multiple batteries and the supply of power from the batteries to the load. It specifies and controls the charging and discharging conditions of the batteries and regulates the power output of the solar panels and batteries to the load according to the power requirements of the load. It is the core control component of the entire photovoltaic power supply system. The solar power controller can monitor parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature to protect the batteries from overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, and overtemperature problems, thereby improving battery safety and lifespan.

[0003] In related technologies, the controller only controls the solar energy to charge the battery and the battery to supply power to the load. There is a lack of a controller in the existing technology that can control the solar energy to charge the battery, the mains power to charge the battery, and the power supply to the load.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention proposes a mains-powered complementary solar controller. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a mains-powered complementary solar power controller, which realizes complementary control of mains power and solar power supply.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a mains-powered complementary solar controller is provided, the controller comprising: a microcontroller, a solar charging control circuit, a mains charging control circuit, and a battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit.

[0007] Solar voltage and current acquisition circuit; AC mains voltage and current acquisition circuit;

[0008] The microcontroller is connected to the solar charging control circuit through the solar voltage and current acquisition circuit. The solar charging control circuit is connected to the battery. The microcontroller acquires the solar panel voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the solar panel voltage is higher than the battery voltage, solar charging is started. When the battery is fully charged, charging is automatically stopped.

[0009] The microcontroller is connected to the mains charging control circuit through the mains voltage and current acquisition circuit. The mains charging control circuit is connected to the battery and the load. The microcontroller acquires the mains voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the mains charging current is set to be greater than zero, the mains power starts constant current charging. When the battery voltage reaches the float charging voltage, the mains power switches to constant voltage charging.

[0010] The microcontroller is connected to the battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit, which is connected to the battery and the electrical load.

[0011] The solar charging control circuit is also connected to the output terminal of the solar panel, while the AC charging control circuit is connected to the AC power supply via a switching power supply.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the microcontroller controls the solar charging control circuit to enable solar energy to charge the battery, and the microcontroller controls the AC power charging control circuit to enable AC power to charge the battery.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the microcontroller controls the battery voltage, discharge current sampling, and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit to enable either battery power supply to the load or mains power supply to the load, including:

[0014] If the controller is set to prioritize battery discharge, the battery will power the load; when the battery voltage is lower than the mains input voltage, the mains will power the load; when the battery voltage is higher than the mains output voltage, the battery will resume powering the load.

[0015] If the controller is set to prioritize AC power discharge, it will supply power to the load when the AC power voltage is normal; when the AC power fails, it will switch to battery power supply to the load.

[0016] Mains power can simultaneously supply power to the load and charge the battery.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit includes the following battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit:

[0018] First MOSFET, second MOSFET, third MOSFET, fourth MOSFET; first NPN high voltage transistor, second NPN high voltage transistor, third NPN high voltage transistor, fourth NPN high voltage transistor; first NPN bipolar transistor, second NPN bipolar transistor, third NPN bipolar transistor, fourth NPN bipolar transistor;

[0019] Among them, pin 9 of the first MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET, and pin 9 of the third MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET; pin 8 of the second MOSFET and pin 8 of the third MOSFET are both connected to the electrical load.

[0020] Pin 5 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the first diode. The negative terminal of the first diode is connected to pin 9 of the first MOSFET. Pin 8 of the first MOSFET is connected to the switching power supply. Pin 1 of the first MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 49. The other end of resistor 49 is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the first MOSFET through resistor 45. Pin 2 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 51. Pin 1 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 57. Pin 1 of the first NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 61. Pin 2 of the first NPN bipolar transistor is grounded.

[0021] Pin 5 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the second diode, and the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET. Pin 1 of the second MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 50, and the other end of resistor 50 is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the second MOSFET through resistor 46. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 54. Pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 58. Pin 1 of the second NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 62. Pin 2 of the second NPN bipolar transistor is grounded.

[0022] Pin 5 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the third diode, the negative terminal of the third diode is connected to pin 9 of the third MOSFET, pin 1 of the third MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 52, the other end of resistor 52 is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor, pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the third MOSFET through resistor 47, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 55, pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 59, pin 1 of the third NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 63, and pin 2 of the third NPN bipolar transistor is grounded.

[0023] Pin 5 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth diode. The negative terminal of the fourth diode is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET. Pin 8 of the fourth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. Pin 1 of the fourth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 53. The other end of resistor 53 is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the fourth MOSFET through resistor 48. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 56. Pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 60. Pin 1 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 64. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded.

[0024] All of the MOSFETs are N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the solar charging control circuit structure is as follows: it includes a fifth MOSFET and a sixth MOSFET, wherein pin 9 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the sixth MOSFET;

[0026] Pin 1 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 18. The other end of resistor 18 is connected to pin 2 of the fifth MOSFET through resistor 15. The other end of resistor 18 is also connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 21. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 25. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 27. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the solar power supply through a transient voltage suppression diode. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is also connected to the solar panel.

[0027] Pin 1 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 19. The other end of resistor 19 is connected to pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET through resistor 17. The other end of resistor 19 is also connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 22. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 26. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 28. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0028] All of the MOSFETs are N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the mains charging control circuit structure is as follows:

[0030] The pins of the gate driver chip are connected as follows: IN+ pin 3 is connected to the microcontroller, IN- pin and GND pin are grounded, VDD pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and OUT pin is connected to the gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET through resistor 20.

[0031] The gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor 23. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET is grounded through resistor 24. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth diode. The negative terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the Schottky diode. The negative terminal of the Schottky diode is connected to one end of resistor 14. The other end of resistor 14 is grounded through resistor 86. A capacitor 16 is connected in parallel with resistor 14.

[0032] The other end of resistor 14 is connected to the positive terminal of the first polarity capacitor and the positive terminal of the second polarity capacitor. The positive terminals of the first polarity capacitor and the second polarity capacitor are connected to the positive terminal of the primary side of the transformer. The negative terminals of the first polarity capacitor and the second polarity capacitor are both connected to the negative terminal of the primary side of the transformer.

[0033] The positive terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET. The negative terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET through a series resistor 13 and a capacitor 15. The sixth diode is connected in parallel across the resistor 13 and the capacitor 15. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is grounded through a capacitor 19. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the positive terminal of the third polarity capacitor. The negative terminal of the third polarity capacitor is grounded. A resistor 96 is connected in parallel across the third polarity capacitor.

[0034] The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor 29. A Zener diode is connected in parallel with resistor 29. The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the sixth diode. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin of the eighth MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0035] The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the pin 3 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 30. The pin 2 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. The pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is grounded through resistor 71. The pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET through resistor 32.

[0036] The seventh MOSFET is an N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor, and the eighth MOSFET is a P-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] The mains-electricity complementary solar controller disclosed in this embodiment is an intelligent solar controller that integrates solar and mains power switching, load discharge switching, and various protection functions. This product possesses rich power management capabilities, effectively allocating power utilization and compensating for the deficiencies and shortcomings of solar power generation. It can prioritize mains power supply or battery power supply, ensuring long-term stable online operation of the system equipment. The product adopts PWM charging technology, which extends battery life, improves system performance, significantly increases system charging power, and reduces system costs. Its comprehensive electronic protection functions prevent controller damage caused by user installation errors or system malfunctions. It also adds DC charging and complementary power switching functions to meet the needs of various application scenarios. This controller supports multiple battery types, including lead-acid batteries, ternary lithium batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries, and is specifically designed for power supply applications in indoor and outdoor security monitoring, IoT devices, and outdoor equipment systems. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A block diagram illustrating the principle of a mains-powered complementary solar controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the pinout of a microcontroller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 3 The diagram shows the schematic of the mains power supply control circuit in a battery-powered / mains power supply control circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the battery power supply control circuit in a battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a solar charging control circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0044] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a mains charging control circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0045] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a voltage sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0046] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a charging current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0047] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a discharge current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a mains charging current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0050] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0051] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0052] A mains-powered complementary solar controller, comprising: a microcontroller, a solar charging control circuit, a mains charging control circuit, and a battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit.

[0053] Solar voltage and current acquisition circuit; AC mains voltage and current acquisition circuit;

[0054] The microcontroller is connected to the solar charging control circuit through the solar voltage and current acquisition circuit. The solar charging control circuit is connected to the battery. The microcontroller acquires the solar panel voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the solar panel voltage is higher than the battery voltage, solar charging is started. When the battery is fully charged, charging is automatically stopped.

[0055] The microcontroller is connected to the mains charging control circuit through the mains voltage and current acquisition circuit. The mains charging control circuit is connected to the battery and the load. The microcontroller acquires the mains voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the mains charging current is set to be greater than zero, the mains power starts constant current charging. When the battery voltage reaches the float charging voltage, the mains power switches to constant voltage charging.

[0056] The microcontroller is connected to the battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit, which is connected to the battery and the electrical load.

[0057] The solar charging control circuit is also connected to the output terminal of the solar panel, while the AC charging control circuit is connected to the AC power supply via a switching power supply.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the microcontroller controls the solar charging control circuit to enable solar energy to charge the battery, and the microcontroller controls the AC power charging control circuit to enable AC power to charge the battery.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the microcontroller controls the battery voltage, discharge current sampling, and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit to enable either battery power supply to the load or mains power supply to the load, including:

[0060] If the controller is set to prioritize battery discharge, the battery will power the load; when the battery voltage is lower than the mains input voltage, the mains will power the load; when the battery voltage is higher than the mains output voltage, the battery will resume powering the load.

[0061] If the controller is set to prioritize AC power discharge, it will supply power to the load when the AC power voltage is normal; when the AC power fails, it will switch to battery power supply to the load.

[0062] Mains power can simultaneously supply power to the load and charge the battery.

[0063] The microcontroller collects solar voltage and charging current in real time through a solar voltage and current acquisition circuit, and controls the connection between the charging circuit and the battery to achieve charging control. The microcontroller also collects AC voltage and charging current in real time through a mains voltage and current acquisition circuit, and controls the connection between the mains charging circuit and the battery to achieve charging control. Finally, the microcontroller collects battery voltage and discharge current in real time through a battery voltage and current acquisition circuit, and controls the discharge circuit to achieve load control. The microcontroller connects the battery and electrical load through the mains charging control circuit (battery voltage and discharge current sampling) and the battery / mains power supply control circuit.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit includes:

[0065] The battery-powered / AC-powered control circuit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown: Q12 and Q14 are MOSFETs in the mains discharge circuit, and Q16 and Q17 are transistors in the control circuit (the model and parameters of the electronic components are shown in the figure, which will not be repeated in this disclosure).

[0066] The first MOSFET is Q12, the second MOSFET is Q14, the third MOSFET is Q13, and the fourth MOSFET is Q15; the first NPN high-voltage transistor is Q16, the second NPN high-voltage transistor is Q17, the third NPN high-voltage transistor is Q18, and the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is Q19; the first NPN bipolar transistor is Q20, the second NPN bipolar transistor is Q21, the third NPN bipolar transistor is Q22, and the fourth NPN bipolar transistor is Q23.

[0067] Among them, pin 9 of the first MOSFET Q12 is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET Q14, and pin 9 of the third MOSFET Q13 is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET Q15; pin 8 of the second MOSFET Q14 and pin 8 of the third MOSFET Q13 are both connected to the electrical load.

[0068] Pin 5 of the first MOSFET Q12 is connected to the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected to pin 9 of the first MOSFET, pin 8 of the first MOSFET is connected to the switching power supply (the switching power supply is used to convert 220V AC mains power to 12V or 24V power), pin 1 of the first MOSFET Q12 is connected to one end of resistor R49, the other end of resistor R49 is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16, pin 3 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16 is also connected to pin 2 of the first MOSFET Q12 through resistor R45, pin 2 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, pin 2 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16 is connected to pin 1 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16 through resistor R51, pin 1 of the first NPN high voltage transistor Q16 is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN bipolar transistor Q20 through resistor R57, pin 1 of the first NPN bipolar transistor Q20 is connected to the microcontroller through resistor R61, and pin 2 of the first NPN bipolar transistor Q20 is grounded.

[0069] Pin 5 of the second MOSFET Q14 is connected to the positive terminal of the second diode, and the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET Q14. Pin 1 of the second MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor R50, and the other end of resistor R50 is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17. Pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17 is also connected to pin 2 of the second MOSFET Q14 through resistor R46. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17 is connected to pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17 through resistor 54. Pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor Q17 is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN bipolar transistor Q21 through resistor R58. Pin 1 of the second NPN bipolar transistor Q21 is connected to the microcontroller through resistor R62. Pin 2 of the second NPN bipolar transistor Q21 is grounded.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown (Q13 and Q15 are MOSFETs in the main battery discharge circuit, Q18 and Q19 are transistors in the control circuit), pin 5 of the third MOSFET Q13 is connected to the positive terminal of the third diode, the negative terminal of the third diode is connected to pin 9 of the third MOSFET Q13, pin 1 of the third MOSFET Q13 is connected to one end of resistor R52, the other end of resistor R52 is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor Q18, pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor Q18 is also connected to pin 2 of the third MOSFET Q13 through resistor 47, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor Q18 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor Q18 is connected to pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor Q18 through resistor R55, pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN bipolar transistor Q22 through resistor R59, pin 1 of the third NPN bipolar transistor Q22 is connected to the microcontroller through resistor R63, and pin 2 of the third NPN bipolar transistor Q22 is grounded;

[0071] Pin 5 of the fourth MOSFET Q15 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth diode, the negative terminal of the fourth diode is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET Q15, pin 8 of the fourth MOSFET Q15 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, pin 1 of the fourth MOSFET Q15 is connected to one end of resistor R53, the other end of resistor R53 is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor, pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor Q19 is also connected to pin 2 of the fourth MOSFET Q15 through resistor R48, pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor Q19 is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor Q15 is connected to pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor Q19 through resistor R56, pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor Q19 is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor Q23 through resistor 60, pin 1 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor Q23 is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 64, and pin 2 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor Q23 is grounded;

[0072] The aforementioned MOSFETs are all N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

[0073] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown (Q3 and Q4 are MOS transistors in the main solar charging circuit, Q5 and Q6 are transistors in the control circuit), the structure of the solar charging control circuit is as follows: it includes a fifth MOS transistor and a sixth MOS transistor, wherein pin 9 of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to pin 9 of the sixth MOS transistor;

[0074] Pin 1 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 18. The other end of resistor 18 is connected to pin 2 of the fifth MOSFET through resistor 15. The other end of resistor 18 is also connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 21. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 25. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 27. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the solar power supply through a transient voltage suppression diode. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is also connected to the solar panel.

[0075] Pin 1 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 19. The other end of resistor 19 is connected to pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET through resistor 17. The other end of resistor 19 is also connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 22. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 26. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 28. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0076] All of the MOSFETs are N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

[0077] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the structure of the mains charging control circuit is as follows:

[0078] The pins of the gate driver chip are connected as follows: IN+ pin 3 is connected to the microcontroller, IN- pin and GND pin are grounded, VDD pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and OUT pin is connected to the gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET through resistor 20.

[0079] The gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor R23. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is grounded through resistor R24. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth diode. The negative terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET Q7. The drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the positive terminal of the Schottky diode D7 (model DSK310). The negative terminal of the Schottky diode D7 is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is grounded through resistor R86. A capacitor C16 is connected in parallel with resistor R14.

[0080] The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the positive terminal of the first polarity capacitor E1 and the positive terminal of the second polarity capacitor E2. The positive terminals of the first polarity capacitor E1 and the second polarity capacitor E2 are connected to the positive terminal L2-3 of the primary side of the transformer. The negative terminals of the first polarity capacitor and the second polarity capacitor are both connected to the negative terminal L2-1 of the primary side of the transformer.

[0081] The positive terminal L2-4 of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET. The negative terminal L2-2 of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 through a series resistor R13 and capacitor C15. The sixth diode is connected in parallel across the resistor R13 and capacitor C15. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET Q8. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is grounded through capacitor C19. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the positive terminal of the third polarity capacitor. The negative terminal of the third polarity capacitor is grounded. The resistor R96 is connected in parallel across the third polarity capacitor.

[0082] The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor R29. Zener diode DZ1 is connected in parallel with resistor R29. The positive terminal of Zener diode DZ1 is connected to the gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET Q8. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to the positive terminal of the sixth diode. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin of the eighth MOSFET Q8. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery.

[0083] The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to pin 3 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor Q9 through resistor R30. Pin 2 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor Q9 is grounded. Pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor Q9 is grounded through resistor 71. Pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor Q9 is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET Q8 through resistor 32.

[0084] The seventh MOSFET is an N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor, and the eighth MOSFET is a P-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor.

[0085] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a voltage sampling circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a charging current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a discharge current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a mains charging current detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0086] Figure 7 BP indicates battery voltage, SP indicates solar voltage, SDP indicates AC mains voltage, and LP indicates load voltage.

[0087] Figure 8 The circuit in the middle is used to detect the battery charging current. Figure 9 The circuitry in the circuit is used to detect the battery discharge current. Figure 10 The circuit in the circuit is used to detect the current at point SD_CH in the mains charging control circuit.

[0088] The controller in this embodiment employs a 32-bit high-speed processor, ensuring stable product performance and a long service life. It supports 12V / 24V lead-acid batteries, ternary lithium batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries, and parameters are customizable.

[0089] It features an ultra-wide operating temperature range, allowing for continuous full-load operation without derating within the operating temperature range. When the photovoltaic input exceeds the rated power or the temperature is high, the controller will operate within the rated current to ensure safe and stable product operation.

[0090] It has a lithium battery self-activation function, and the solar panel can directly start the controller, and it can also be started even with a 0V battery voltage.

[0091] It can enable the AC-DC converter to charge the battery, with a maximum charging A of 5A, adjustable from 0 to 5A; when set to 0, no charging occurs; it can also enable the AC-DC converter to prioritize power supply to the load or the battery to prioritize power supply to the load.

[0092] The battery can be charged by both mains power and solar panels at the same time, or the battery can be charged separately. It supports either mains power or solar power.

[0093] Comprehensive electronic protection functions, including battery overcharge and over-discharge protection, reverse connection protection, short circuit protection, reverse current protection, TVS lightning protection, etc.; solar panel reverse connection protection, short circuit protection, current limiting protection, etc.; mains reverse connection protection, current limiting protection, etc.; load short circuit and overload protection, etc.

[0094] The brand-new remote control design allows for communication distances of up to 5 meters for the infrared version and up to 15 meters for the 2.4G version (which can penetrate metal); various open parameters can be modified via the remote control, making editing more convenient;

[0095] Adjustable discharge mode, normally open output, light control function, light control + timing function;

[0096] Excellent EMS design, applicable to various scenarios;

[0097] Featuring an aluminum profile heat dissipation shell with excellent heat dissipation characteristics and organic thermally conductive silicone sealant, it can be used in various harsh environments, ensuring industrial-grade quality; it can be expanded with RS485 communication and Bluetooth functions, making it easier to view and modify parameters (customized products).

[0098] The various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mains-powered complementary solar controller, characterized in that, The controller includes: a microcontroller, a solar charging control circuit, a mains charging control circuit, and a battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit. Solar voltage and current acquisition circuit; AC mains voltage and current acquisition circuit; The microcontroller is connected to the solar charging control circuit through the solar voltage and current acquisition circuit. The solar charging control circuit is connected to the battery. The microcontroller acquires the solar panel voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the solar panel voltage is higher than the battery voltage, solar charging is started. When the battery is fully charged, charging is automatically stopped. The microcontroller is connected to the mains charging control circuit through the mains voltage and current acquisition circuit. The mains charging control circuit is connected to the battery and the load. The microcontroller acquires the mains voltage and battery voltage in real time. When the mains charging current is set to be greater than zero, the mains power starts constant current charging. When the battery voltage reaches the float charging voltage, the mains power switches to constant voltage charging. The microcontroller is connected to the battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit, which is connected to the battery and the electrical load. The solar charging control circuit is also connected to the output terminal of the solar panel, while the mains charging control circuit is connected to the mains power supply through a switching power supply. The structure of the solar charging control circuit is as follows: it includes a fifth MOSFET and a sixth MOSFET, wherein pin 9 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the sixth MOSFET; Pin 1 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 18. The other end of resistor 18 is connected to pin 2 of the fifth MOSFET through resistor 15. The other end of resistor 18 is also connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 21. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 25. Pin 1 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 27. Pin 2 of the fifth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the solar power supply through a transient voltage suppression diode. Pin 4 of the fifth MOSFET is also connected to the solar panel. Pin 1 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 19. The other end of resistor 19 is connected to pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET through resistor 17. The other end of resistor 19 is also connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 22. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 26. Pin 1 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 28. Pin 2 of the sixth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 4 of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. All of the MOSFETs are N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

2. A mains-powered complementary solar controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller controls the solar charging control circuit to enable solar charging of the battery, and the microcontroller controls the AC power charging control circuit to enable AC power charging of the battery.

3. A mains-powered complementary solar controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller-controlled battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery / mains power supply control circuit enables either battery-powered or mains-powered power supply to the load, including: If the controller is set to prioritize battery discharge, the battery will power the load; when the battery voltage is lower than the mains input voltage, the mains will power the load; when the battery voltage is higher than the mains output voltage, the battery will resume powering the load. If the controller is set to prioritize AC power discharge, it will supply power to the load when the AC power voltage is normal; when the AC power fails, it will switch to battery power supply to the load. Mains power can simultaneously supply power to the load and charge the battery.

4. A mains-powered complementary solar controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery voltage and discharge current sampling and battery power supply / mains power supply control circuit includes the following: First MOSFET, second MOSFET, third MOSFET, fourth MOSFET; first NPN high voltage transistor, second NPN high voltage transistor, third NPN high voltage transistor, fourth NPN high voltage transistor; first NPN bipolar transistor, second NPN bipolar transistor, third NPN bipolar transistor, fourth NPN bipolar transistor; Among them, pin 9 of the first MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET, and pin 9 of the third MOSFET is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET; pin 8 of the second MOSFET and pin 8 of the third MOSFET are both connected to the electrical load. Pin 5 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the first diode. The negative terminal of the first diode is connected to pin 9 of the first MOSFET. Pin 8 of the first MOSFET is connected to the switching power supply. Pin 1 of the first MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 49. The other end of resistor 49 is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the first MOSFET through resistor 45. Pin 2 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 51. Pin 1 of the first NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the first NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 57. Pin 1 of the first NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 61. Pin 2 of the first NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 5 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the second diode, and the negative terminal of the second diode is connected to pin 9 of the second MOSFET. Pin 1 of the second MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 50, and the other end of resistor 50 is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the second MOSFET through resistor 46. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 54. Pin 1 of the second NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the second NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 58. Pin 1 of the second NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 62. Pin 2 of the second NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 5 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the third diode, the negative terminal of the third diode is connected to pin 9 of the third MOSFET, pin 1 of the third MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 52, the other end of resistor 52 is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor, pin 3 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the third MOSFET through resistor 47, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit, pin 2 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 55, pin 1 of the third NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the third NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 59, pin 1 of the third NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 63, and pin 2 of the third NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. Pin 5 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth diode. The negative terminal of the fourth diode is connected to pin 9 of the fourth MOSFET. Pin 8 of the fourth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. Pin 1 of the fourth MOSFET is connected to one end of resistor 53. The other end of resistor 53 is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor. Pin 3 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is also connected to pin 2 of the fourth MOSFET through resistor 48. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to the voltage sampling circuit. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor through resistor 56. Pin 1 of the fourth NPN high-voltage transistor is connected to pin 3 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 60. Pin 1 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the microcontroller through resistor 64. Pin 2 of the fourth NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. All of the MOSFETs are N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistors.

5. A mains-powered complementary solar controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mains charging control circuit structure is as follows: The pins of the gate driver chip are connected as follows: IN+ pin 3 is connected to the microcontroller, IN- pin and GND pin are grounded, VDD pin is connected to the power supply VCC, and OUT pin is connected to the gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET through resistor 20. The gate pin 1 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor 23. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET is grounded through resistor 24. The source pin 3 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the fifth diode. The negative terminal of the fifth diode is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the Schottky diode. The negative terminal of the Schottky diode is connected to one end of resistor 14. The other end of resistor 14 is grounded through resistor 86. A capacitor 16 is connected in parallel with resistor 14. The other end of resistor 14 is connected to the positive terminal of the first polarity capacitor and the positive terminal of the second polarity capacitor. The positive terminals of the first polarity capacitor and the second polarity capacitor are connected to the positive terminal of the primary side of the transformer. The negative terminals of the first polarity capacitor and the second polarity capacitor are both connected to the negative terminal of the primary side of the transformer. The positive terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the drain pin 2 of the seventh MOSFET. The negative terminal of the secondary side of the transformer is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET through a series resistor 13 and a capacitor 15. The sixth diode is connected in parallel across the resistor 13 and the capacitor 15. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is grounded through a capacitor 19. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the positive terminal of the third polarity capacitor. The negative terminal of the third polarity capacitor is grounded. A resistor 96 is connected in parallel across the third polarity capacitor. The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to its source pin 3 through resistor 29. A Zener diode is connected in parallel with resistor 29. The positive terminal of the Zener diode is connected to the gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the sixth diode. The negative terminal of the sixth diode is connected to the source pin of the eighth MOSFET. The drain pin 2 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The gate pin 1 of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the pin 3 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor through resistor 30. The pin 2 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is grounded. The pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is grounded through resistor 71. The pin 1 of the seventh NPN bipolar transistor is connected to the source pin 3 of the eighth MOSFET through resistor 32. The seventh MOSFET is an N-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor, and the eighth MOSFET is a P-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor.

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