Microbial compound fermented feed prepared from amaranthus hypochondriacus, moso bamboo powder, straw and pine needle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, and discloses an amaranthus hypochondriacus, moso bamboo powder, straw and pine needle microorganism compound fermented feed, main materials comprise amaranthus hypochondriacus straw, moso bamboo powder, corn straw and pine needles, auxiliary materials comprise corn flour and bran, and strains are compound microbial agents and comprise lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and bacillus subtilis. According to the microbial compound fermented feed prepared from the amaranthus hypochondriacus, the moso bamboo powder, the straws and the pine needles, the content of crude fibers in each group is remarkably reduced after fermentation, the retention rate of flavonoid substances in the pine needles after fermentation exceeds 70%, polysaccharide substances in the moso bamboo powder are partially converted into oligosaccharides, the pH value is lowest (4.2), the lactic acid content is highest (2.3 g / kg), and the NH3-N concentration is lower than 0.3 mg / g, which indicates that the breeding of harmful bacteria is inhibited by fermentation; the microbial compound fermented feed has obvious advantages in comprehensive cost performance of yield, nutritional value and cost, and is suitable for being popularized as a raw material of the microbial fermented feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, in particular to a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for feed resources is increasing. Traditional feed resources are limited, and over-exploitation has put pressure on the environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop new, efficient and environmentally friendly feed resources. As agricultural waste, millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles are rich in nutrients and have potential utilization value. Through microbial composite fermentation technology, these wastes can be converted into high-quality feed, which not only solves the problem of waste disposal, but also realizes the recycling of resources. Agricultural waste (such as straw, pine needles) and unconventional feed raw materials (millet, bamboo powder) have high crude fiber content and poor palatability, and their direct utilization efficiency is low. Microbial fermentation technology can improve the nutritional value of feed by degrading cellulose, producing probiotics and metabolites (such as lactic acid, enzymes), and at the same time realize the resource utilization of waste. For this reason, this application now proposes a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (1) Technical problems solved In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a microbial composite fermented feed of Thousand Ears Millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, which has the advantages of low raw material planting cost, improved resource utilization, and obvious advantages in the comprehensive cost-effectiveness of yield, nutritional value and cost through microbial composite fermented feed. It is suitable for promotion as a raw material for microbial fermented feed, and solves the problem that agricultural waste and unconventional feed raw materials have high crude fiber content, poor palatability and low direct utilization efficiency.

[0004] (2) Technical solution To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising recycled agricultural waste, comprising main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains, wherein the main ingredients comprise millet straw, bamboo powder, corn straw and pine needles, the auxiliary materials comprise corn flour and bran, the bacterial strain is a composite bacterial agent comprising lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and cellulolytic bacteria, and the total number of viable bacteria is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, the fermented feed contains the following materials in parts by mass: Thousand-eared corn straw: 30-50 parts; Bamboo powder: 15-25 parts; Corn stalks: 20-30 parts; Pine needles: 15-20 parts.

[0005] Preferably, a method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: prepare the main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains for the preparation of biocomposite fermented feed; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, and add purified water for fermentation; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine particles by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged.

[0006] Preferably, the material pretreatment is to cut or crush the Thousand Ears Millet straw, bamboo powder, corn straw and pine needles to ensure that the material particle size is moderate to facilitate the penetration and fermentation of microorganisms, and the pretreated main materials are mixed evenly in a specified proportion to ensure that the components are evenly distributed. Fresh, disease- and pest-free Thousand Ears Millet is selected as the raw material, and the Thousand Ears Millet is crushed to make its particle size moderate to facilitate microbial fermentation. The bamboo powder is ensured to be dry and free of impurities. If necessary, it is screened to remove oversized or undersized particles. The straw of crops such as corn, wheat, and rice is preferably used to ensure that it is fresh and mildew-free. The straw is cut to a length of 2-3 cm, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%-65%, and impurities are removed.

[0007] Preferably, the auxiliary materials are added by adding corn flour and bran to the mixed main materials in a certain proportion to adjust the nutritional structure and taste of the feed. According to the water content of the material and the fermentation requirements, water is added in an appropriate amount to ensure that the feed humidity is appropriate, which is conducive to the growth and fermentation of microorganisms.

[0008] Preferably, the fermentation management includes adjusting the fermentation conditions in time according to parameters such as fermentation temperature, humidity and pH value to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process. The fermentation time is generally 30-40 days, until the feed emits a strong sour aroma, indicating that the fermentation is complete. A composite starter containing multiple microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, fungi, etc. is selected to ensure that the strains are highly active and have strong adaptability, and the starter is activated. Mix the starter culture with 30℃ warm water in a ratio of 1:10 and let it stand for 2 hours to activate the microorganisms.

[0009] Preferably, the drying and storage process involves drying the fermented feed to reduce its moisture content for easy storage and transportation, packaging the dried feed and storing it in a dry, ventilated, cool place to avoid moisture and deterioration.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The crude fiber content of the microbial composite fermented feed of Qiansui millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles was significantly reduced after fermentation, with the T2 group (50% Qiansui millet) reducing by 28.6%, while the crude protein content increased by 17.3% (see table). The retention rate of flavonoids (antioxidant ingredients) in pine needles exceeded 70% after fermentation, and the polysaccharides in bamboo powder were partially converted into oligosaccharides. The pH value of the T2 group was the lowest (4.2), the lactic acid content was the highest (2.3 g / kg), and the NH3-N concentration was lower than 0.3 mg / g, indicating that fermentation inhibited the reproduction of harmful bacteria. VFA testing showed that the contents of acetic acid and propionic acid increased significantly, of which acetic acid accounted for 62%, providing energy precursors for ruminants. Microbial composite fermented feed has obvious advantages in terms of the comprehensive cost-effectiveness of output, nutritional value and cost, and is suitable for promotion as a raw material for microbial fermented feed.

[0011] 2. The microbial compound fermentation feed of Qiansuigu, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles has a lower-middle-level planting cost, especially in terms of the comprehensive cost-effectiveness of output, nutritional value and cost. It is suitable for promotion as a raw material for microbial fermentation feed. With large-scale management and policy support, the cost can be further compressed and the economy will be more prominent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of preparing microbial composite fermented feed according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] A microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising recycled agricultural waste, comprising main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains, wherein the main ingredients comprise millet straw, bamboo powder, corn straw and pine needles, the auxiliary materials comprise corn flour and bran, and the bacterial strains are composite bacterial agents comprising lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and cellulolytic bacteria, with a total viable cell count of ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, the fermented feed contains the following materials in parts by mass: Thousand-eared corn straw: 30-50 parts; Bamboo powder: 15-25 parts; Corn stalks: 20-30 parts; Pine needles: 15-20 parts.

[0015] A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: prepare the main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains for the preparation of biocomposite fermented feed; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, and add purified water for fermentation; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine particles by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged.

[0016] As a crop, the straw of Qiansuigu is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which is a good substrate for microbial fermentation. Through the action of microorganisms, these difficult-to-digest ingredients can be converted into nutrients that are easy for animals to absorb. Bamboo powder is processed from bamboo materials, contains rich lignin and cellulose, has good adsorption and water retention, and is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, bamboo powder also contains a variety of minerals and vitamins, which have a positive effect on the growth and development of animals. Corn straw is a common waste in agricultural production. It is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose. Through microbial fermentation, it can be converted into feed rich in nutrients such as organic acids, amino acids and vitamins, thereby improving the utilization rate and nutritional value of feed. Pine needles are rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which have a strengthening effect on the immune system of animals. At the same time, pine The cellulose and lignin in the needles also provide a good growth environment for microorganisms. The auxiliary material corn flour is an energy feed, which is rich in starch and protein, and can provide sufficient energy and nitrogen sources for microorganisms, promoting their growth and reproduction. Bran is a by-product of wheat processing and is rich in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals. In fermented feed, bran can serve as a carbon and nitrogen source for microorganisms, while increasing the volume and taste of the feed. This feed is fermented with a composite bacterial agent composed of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and cellulolytic bacteria. These strains can work synergistically to decompose the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the main ingredients and produce organic acids, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients. At the same time, these strains can also inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and improve the hygienic quality and safety of the feed. The total number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial agent is ≥1×10 9CFU / g, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the fermentation process.

[0017] Example 1: A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: Prepare the following materials in the following quantities: Thousand-eared corn straw: 40 parts; Bamboo powder: 20 parts; Corn stalks: 20 parts; Pine needles: 20 parts; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, add purified water for fermentation, add 5% compound bacterial agent, 8% corn flour, and 5% bran, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and ferment anaerobically at 30°C for 7 days; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine granules by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged; S7. Detect various indicators of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat, ash, pH value, lactic acid (LA), volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial community, and dominant bacterial genera in the prepared feed after fermentation.

[0018] Example 2: A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: Prepare the following materials in the following quantities: Thousand-eared corn straw: 50 parts; Bamboo powder: 15 parts; Corn stalks: 20 parts; Pine needles: 15 parts; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, add purified water for fermentation, add 5% compound bacterial agent, 8% corn flour, and 5% bran, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and ferment anaerobically at 30°C for 7 days; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine granules by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged; S7. Detect various indicators of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat, ash, pH value, lactic acid (LA), volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial community, and dominant bacterial genera in the prepared feed after fermentation.

[0019] Example 3: A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: Prepare the following materials in the following quantities: Thousand-eared wheat straw: 30 parts; Bamboo powder: 25 parts; Corn stalks: 25 parts; Pine needles: 20 parts; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, add purified water for fermentation, add 5% compound bacterial agent, 8% corn flour, and 5% bran, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and ferment anaerobically at 30°C for 7 days; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine granules by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged; S7. Detect various indicators of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat, ash, pH value, lactic acid (LA), volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial community, and dominant bacterial genera in the prepared feed after fermentation.

[0020] Example 4: A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare materials: Prepare the following materials in the following quantities: Thousand-eared corn straw: 35 parts; Bamboo powder: 20 parts; Corn stalks: 30 parts; Pine needles: 15 parts; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, add purified water for fermentation, add 5% compound bacterial agent, 8% corn flour, and 5% bran, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and ferment anaerobically at 30°C for 7 days; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine granules by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged; S7. Detect various indicators of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), crude fat, ash, pH value, lactic acid (LA), volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial community, and dominant bacterial genus identification in the prepared feed after fermentation.

[0021] Experimental analysis: After fermentation, the crude fiber content of each group decreased significantly, with the T2 group (50% Qiansuigu) experiencing a 28.6% decrease, while crude protein increased by 17.3% (see table). The flavonoids (antioxidant ingredients) in pine needles retained over 70% after fermentation, and the polysaccharides in bamboo powder were partially converted into oligosaccharides. Fermentation quality analysis: The T2 group had the lowest pH value (4.2), the highest lactic acid content (2.3 g / kg), and an NH3-N concentration below 0.3 mg / g, indicating that fermentation inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria. VFA analysis showed a significant increase in acetic acid and propionic acid content, with acetic acid accounting for 62%, providing energy precursors for ruminants. Microbial community changes: After fermentation, lactic acid bacteria become the dominant bacteria (viable bacteria count ≥ 10 8 CFU / g), the number of yeast and cellulolytic bacteria increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude respectively. The T2 group had the highest bacterial diversity, including functional bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cellulomonas.

[0022] Result analysis: Synergistic effect of raw material ratio: Qiansui Valley provides a protein source, bamboo powder and straw supplement crude fiber, and the natural antibacterial ingredients in pine needles can optimize the fermentation environment. The T2 group (50% Qiansui Valley) is more conducive to microbial growth because its carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) is close to 25:1.

[0023] Analysis of fermentation mechanism: β-glucosidase secreted by cellulolytic bacteria degrades cellulose in straw, yeast uses reducing sugar to produce ethanol, lactic acid bacteria ferments and produces acid to lower the pH value, creating an antibacterial environment, and terpenoid compounds in pine needles may synergistically inhibit mold growth and extend the shelf life of feed.

[0024] Application potential: This compound fermented feed can be used as a roughage substitute for 60%-80% of alfalfa in ruminants (cattle and sheep), or added to pig feed at 30%-50% to improve intestinal health (refer to a weaned piglet trial: the diarrhea rate was reduced by 22%). Conclusions, analysis and suggestions: The optimal ratio of millet, bamboo powder, straw, and pine needles is 5:1.5:2:1.5 (T2 group). After fermentation with a composite microbial agent, the nutritional value is significantly improved. The fermented feed has the characteristics of high digestibility, low crude fiber, and rich in probiotics, making it suitable for livestock and poultry breeding. Carry out large-scale fermentation trials, optimize production processes (such as continuous fermentation equipment design), conduct animal feeding control trials (such as pigs, beef cattle, and laying hens), verify their effects on growth performance and product quality, and explore the threshold value of the effect of pine needle addition on fermentation flavor and animal palatability.

[0025] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears Millet, bamboo powder, straw and pine needles, comprising recycled agricultural waste, comprising main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains, characterized in that: The main ingredients include millet straw, bamboo powder, corn straw, and pine needles; the auxiliary materials include corn flour and bran; the bacterial strain is a composite bacterial agent, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and cellulose decomposing bacteria; the total number of viable bacteria is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, the fermented feed contains the following materials in parts by mass: Thousand-eared corn straw: 30-50 parts; Bamboo powder: 15-25 parts; Corn stalks: 20-30 parts; Pine needles: 15-20 parts.

2. A method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears of Rice, Bamboo Powder, Straw and Pine Needles, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare materials: prepare the main ingredients, auxiliary materials and bacterial strains for the preparation of biocomposite fermented feed; S2. Material pretreatment: cutting and chopping the prepared materials and mixing the chopped materials evenly; S3. Adding and adjusting auxiliary materials: Add auxiliary materials to the crushed main material in the required proportion, and add purified water for fermentation; S4, bacterial inoculation and fermentation: inoculating the bacterial strain into the main material for fermentation and sealing for fermentation; S5. Drying and storage: After fermentation, the crude feed is dried; S6. Granulation and packaging: The dried feed crude product is prepared into fine particles by a granulator according to the needs and then packaged.

3. The method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears of Rice, Bamboo Powder, Straw and Pine Needles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material pretreatment involves cutting or crushing the millet straw, bamboo powder, corn straw and pine needles to ensure that the material particle size is moderate to facilitate microbial penetration and fermentation, and the pretreated main materials are mixed evenly in a specified proportion to ensure that the components are evenly distributed.

4. The method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears of Rice, Bamboo Powder, Straw and Pine Needles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials are added by adding corn flour and bran to the mixed main materials in a certain proportion to adjust the nutritional structure and taste of the feed. According to the water content of the materials and the fermentation requirements, water is added in an appropriate amount to ensure that the humidity of the feed is appropriate, which is conducive to the growth and fermentation of microorganisms.

5. The method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears of Rice, Bamboo Powder, Straw and Pine Needles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation management includes timely adjusting the fermentation conditions according to parameters such as fermentation temperature, humidity and pH value to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process. The fermentation time is 30-40 days, until the feed emits a strong sour aroma, indicating that the fermentation is complete.

6. The method for preparing a microbial composite fermentation feed of Thousand Ears of Rice, Bamboo Powder, Straw and Pine Needles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drying and storage process involves drying the fermented feed to reduce its moisture content for easy storage and transportation. The dried feed is packaged and stored in a dry, ventilated, and cool place to avoid moisture and deterioration.

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