Method for synchronously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nanometer materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for synchronously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nano-materials, which comprises the following steps: by taking amorphous red phosphorus with different purities as a raw material, firstly, growing crystal Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene on a double-temperature-zone tubular furnace through an iodine steam transport method, and then, preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nano-materials through conventional liquid-phase stripping and syrup ball-milling stripping technologies, thereby obtaining the one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nano-materials. The Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nanobelt and nanosheet one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanometer materials are synchronously prepared and obtained. The prepared Hittorf purple phosphorus alkene nano material has a forbidden band width range of 1.80-2.5 eV, can be used for photoelectric detectors, photocatalytic hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction and organic matter degradation, can also be applied to lithium ion battery negative electrodes, and has a great application prospect. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and large-scale preparation is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for synchronously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials, which has important application prospects in photoelectric detection and belongs to the field of nanomaterials and the technical field of optical, electrical and semiconductor material preparation. Background Art

[0002] Hittorf purple phosphorene is a one- and two-dimensional nanomaterial derived from Hittorf purple phosphorus, exhibiting a unique crystal structure and excellent optoelectronic properties. As an allotrope of phosphorus, Hittorf purple phosphorus exhibits great potential in photodetection, photocatalysis, and energy storage due to its high stability and wide band gap (approximately 1.80-2.0 eV). It holds particular application value in photocatalytic hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, organic matter degradation, and as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Compared to other phosphorus-based two-dimensional materials, such as black phosphorene, Hittorf purple phosphorene not only possesses superior chemical stability but also enables the controlled growth of one- and two-dimensional nanostructures through rational preparation methods.

[0003] Currently, the preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorene primarily relies on the growth and exfoliation techniques of Hittorf purple phosphorus. Producing one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanostructured Hittorf purple phosphorene requires different Hittorf purple phosphorus synthesis methods and exfoliation techniques, respectively, which undoubtedly increases production costs. Therefore, developing an efficient, low-cost, and morphology-controllable Hittorf purple phosphorus preparation method, capable of producing both one-dimensional nanoribbons and two-dimensional nanosheets of Hittorf purple phosphorene using only different exfoliation techniques, remains a challenge.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus nanoribbons and two-dimensional nanosheets using an iodine vapor transport method combined with liquid-phase exfoliation and syrup ball milling techniques. This method, in other words, provides a method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus nanomaterials. First, high-quality Hittorf purple phosphorus crystals are grown in a dual-temperature tubular furnace using amorphous red phosphorus of varying purities as the raw material. Subsequently, Hittorf purple phosphorus nanoribbons are prepared using conventional liquid-phase exfoliation techniques, and Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets are prepared using syrup ball milling. The resulting one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus nanomaterials exhibit wide band gaps, regular morphologies, and excellent performance, and are widely applicable in fields such as photodetectors, photocatalysis, and energy storage devices. Compared to existing technologies, the preparation method of the present invention offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and suitability for large-scale production, providing technical support and material guarantees for the practical application of Hittorf purple phosphorus.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Amorphous red phosphorus and iodine are vacuum sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0008] (2) Preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorus by iodine vapor transport method: The quartz tube sealed with amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element in (1) is placed in a horizontal double-zone tubular furnace, with both ends of the quartz tube placed in the heating zone of the double-zone tubular furnace, and the side without the drug is lifted up so that it forms a certain angle with the direction of the tube of the tubular furnace; the double zones are set to be heated, wherein the temperature of the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine elemental drugs is set to be heated from room temperature to 460-510℃ at a certain heating rate and kept at this temperature for 20-25 h, and then cooled to room temperature at a certain cooling rate; the temperature of the side without the drug is set to be heated from room temperature to 440-460℃ at the same heating time as the drug zone and kept at this temperature for the same time, and then cooled to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone; after the reaction is completed, the quartz tube is broken, and the flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product on the tube wall is peeled off with tweezers.

[0009] (3) The flaky crystalline purple phosphorene product obtained in (2) is dispersed in a solvent and placed in a cell crusher or ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonication for 1-8 hours. The temperature of the dispersion is kept constant below 30°C during the ultrasonication process. The dispersion after ultrasonication is centrifuged at a speed of 5000 rpm or above to remove the unpeeled precipitate. After obtaining the supernatant, the supernatant is centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm or above, the precipitate is collected, and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a powder of one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanoribbons.

[0010] (4) The Hittorf purple phosphorus flake crystals prepared in (2) were ground into powder using a mortar, and then mixed with a glucose syrup solution in a certain proportion and placed in a ball mill. A certain amount of grinding balls with diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were weighed and placed in the ball mill. The ball mill and another ball mill of the same mass were placed on a ball mill for ball milling. After the ball milling was completed, the slurry mixture in the ball mill was washed with deionized water, and the filtrate was removed by suction filtration through a microporous filter membrane. The washing-filtration mixture was repeated three or more times to remove the glucose syrup. Finally, the product filtered on the microporous filter membrane was dispersed in deionized water and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic cleaner for 10-30 minutes. The dispersion was then placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at a speed of 1000 rpm or above. The supernatant was collected and frozen into ice cubes in a refrigerator. The ice cubes were then freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets.

[0011] The method for synchronously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials is characterized in that the purity of amorphous red phosphorus in step (1) is 90%-99.9999%, the purity of iodine is 99.0%-99.9%, the mass ratio of amorphous red phosphorus to iodine is 10:1-30:1, the vacuum degree of vacuum sealing is less than 10 -4 Pa.

[0012] The method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials is characterized in that in step (2), the quartz tube placed in the heating zone of a horizontal dual-zone tubular furnace has its side without the drug raised at an angle of 5-60° relative to the direction of the tube furnace; the dual-zone temperature rise setting is as follows: the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine is heated from room temperature to 460-510°C at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min and kept at this temperature for 20-25 hours, and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1-5°C / min; the temperature of the side without the drug is set as follows: the side without the drug is heated from room temperature to 440-460°C at the same heating time as the drug zone and kept at this temperature for the same time, and then cooled to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone. Wherein, the temperature of the two ends of the quartz tube after heating is always 20-50°C lower on the side without the drug than on the side with the drug.

[0013] The method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials is characterized in that the solvent in step (3) is selected from deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol, nitrogen-methyl pyrrolidone, or N,N-dimethylformamide, and the amount of solvent used is 10-50 mg of crystalline purple phosphorene per milliliter of solvent; the ultrasonication time is 1-8 hours, and the ultrasonication power is 120-2000 W; and the temperature of the dispersion is maintained constant at 3-30°C during the ultrasonication process. The dispersion after ultrasonication is centrifuged at a speed of 5000-10000 rpm.

[0014] The method for synchronously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials is characterized in that the concentration of the glucose syrup solution in step (4) is 20wt%-60wt%; the amount of glucose syrup solution and crystal purple phosphorus is 0.1-0.5g of crystal purple phosphorus per 5ml of glucose syrup solution; the amount of grinding balls is 10-20g of grinding balls per 0.1g of crystal purple phosphorus, and the grinding balls with a diameter of 10mm account for 20%-30% of the grinding balls, and the grinding balls with a diameter of 2mm account for 70%-80%; the operating parameters of the ball mill are set to a speed of 500-800 rpm, forward rotation for 20-60min, reverse rotation for 20-60min, interval of 30-60s, and continuous ball milling for 12-48h; after the ball milling is completed, the slurry mixture in the ball mill is poured out and washed with deionized water, the filtrate is removed by suction filtration through a microporous filter membrane, and the washing-filtering mixture is repeated 3-6 times to remove the glucose syrup. The product after removing the glucose syrup is dispersed in deionized water and uniformly dispersed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10-30 minutes. The dispersion is then placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at a speed of 1000-8000 rpm. The supernatant is collected and freeze-dried to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorene nanosheets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope image of purple phosphorene nanoribbon powder;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of purple phosphorene nanosheet powder;

[0017] Figure 3 This is the energy-absorption curve obtained by the Tauc plot method of the flaky crystalline purple phosphorus powder prepared by the iodine vapor transport method;

[0018] Figure 4 This is the energy-absorption curve of purple phosphorene nanoribbon / nanosheet powder obtained by the Tauc plot method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a further description of the present invention, but does not limit the scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0020] (1) 1 g of high-purity amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 99.99% and 50 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.9% were vacuum-sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0021] (2) 1 g of commercial amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 90% and 50 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.9% were vacuum sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0022] (3) Preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorus by iodine vapor transport method: The quartz tubes sealed with amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element in (1) and (2) were placed in a horizontal dual-zone tube furnace. The two ends of the quartz tube were placed in the heating zone of the dual-zone tube furnace, and the side without the drug was raised so that it was at an angle of 5° to the direction of the tube furnace. The temperature of the dual zones was set separately. Among them, the temperature of the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element was set to: increase from room temperature to 460℃ at a heating rate of 1℃ / min and keep it at this temperature for 20 h, and then cool it down to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1℃ / min; the temperature of the side without the drug was set to: increase from room temperature to 440℃ at the same heating time as the drug zone and keep it at this temperature for the same time, and then cool it down to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone. After the reaction was completed, the quartz tube was broken and the flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product on the tube wall was peeled off with tweezers.

[0023] (4) The flaky crystalline purple phosphorene product obtained in (3) is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol and placed in a cell crusher or ultrasonic cleaning machine for 4 hours. The temperature of the dispersion is kept constant below 30°C during the ultrasonic process. The dispersion after ultrasonic treatment is centrifuged at a speed of 5000 rpm to remove the unpeeled precipitate. After obtaining the supernatant, the supernatant is centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm, the precipitate is collected, and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a powder of one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanoribbons.

[0024] (5) The Hittorf purple phosphorus flake crystals prepared by the iodine vapor transport method in (2) in (3) were ground into powder using a mortar, and then mixed with a glucose syrup solution in a certain proportion and placed in a ball mill. A certain amount of grinding balls with diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were weighed and placed in the ball mill, and the ball mill and another ball mill of the same mass were placed on a ball mill for ball milling. After the ball milling was completed, the slurry mixture in the ball mill was washed with deionized water, and the filtrate was removed by suction filtration through a microporous filter membrane. The washing-filtration mixture was repeated for more than three times to remove the glucose syrup. Finally, the product filtered on the microporous filter membrane was dispersed in deionized water, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes, and then the dispersion was placed in a centrifuge at a speed of 1000 rpm to collect the supernatant. The supernatant was frozen into ice cubes in a refrigerator, and then the ice cubes were freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets. Example 2

[0025] (1) 1 g of high-purity amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 99.999% and 40 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.5% were vacuum-sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0026] (2) 1 g of commercial amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 99.5% and 40 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.5% were vacuum sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0027] (3) Preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorus by iodine vapor transport method: The quartz tubes sealed with amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element in (1) and (2) were placed in a horizontal dual-zone tube furnace. The two ends of the quartz tube were placed in the heating zone of the dual-zone tube furnace, and the side without the chemical was raised so that it was at an angle of 10° to the direction of the tube furnace. The temperature of the dual-zone was set separately. Among them, the temperature of the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element was set to: increase from room temperature to 480℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and keep at this temperature for 22 hours, and then cool down to room temperature at a cooling rate of 2℃ / min; the temperature of the side without the chemical was set to: increase from room temperature to 450℃ at the same heating time as the chemical zone and keep at this temperature for the same time, and then cool down to room temperature at the same cooling time as the chemical zone. After the reaction was completed, the quartz tube was broken and the flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product on the tube wall was peeled off with tweezers.

[0028] (4) The flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product obtained in (3) is dispersed in deionized water and placed in a cell crusher or ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours. The temperature of the dispersion is kept constant below 30°C during the ultrasonic treatment. The dispersion after ultrasonic treatment is centrifuged at a speed of 8000 rpm to remove the unpeeled precipitate. After obtaining the supernatant, the supernatant is centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm, the precipitate is collected, and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a powder of one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanoribbons, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0029] (5) The Hittorf purple phosphorus flake crystals prepared by the iodine vapor transport method in (2) in (3) were ground into powder using a mortar, and then mixed with a glucose syrup solution in a certain proportion and placed in a ball mill, and a certain amount of grinding balls with diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were weighed and placed in the ball mill, and the ball mill and another ball mill of the same mass were placed on a ball mill for ball milling. After the ball milling, the slurry mixture in the ball mill was washed with deionized water, and the filtrate was removed by filtration through a microporous filter membrane, and the washing-filtration mixture was repeated more than three times to remove the glucose syrup. Finally, the product filtered on the microporous filter membrane was dispersed in deionized water, uniformly dispersed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 20 minutes, and then the dispersion was placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was collected and frozen into ice cubes in a refrigerator, and then the ice cubes were freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown. Example 3

[0030] (1) 1 g of high-purity amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 99.9999% and 67 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.0% were vacuum-sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0031] (2) 1 g of commercial amorphous red phosphorus with a purity of 99.9% and 67 mg of iodine with a purity of 99.0% were vacuum sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom.

[0032] (3) Preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorus by iodine vapor transport method: The quartz tubes sealed with amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element in (1) and (2) were placed in a horizontal dual-zone tube furnace. The two ends of the quartz tube were placed in the heating zone of the dual-zone tube furnace, and the side without the drug was raised so that it was at an angle of 60° to the direction of the tube furnace. The temperature of the dual-zone was set separately. Among them, the temperature of the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element was set to: increase from room temperature to 510℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and keep it at this temperature for 25 hours, and then cool it down to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5℃ / min; the temperature of the side without the drug was set to: increase from room temperature to 460℃ at the same heating time as the drug zone and keep it at this temperature for the same time, and then cool it down to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone. After the reaction was completed, the quartz tube was broken and the flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product on the tube wall was peeled off with tweezers. The flaky crystals of purple phosphorus were ground into powder and tested by UV-visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The absorption curve was obtained using the Kubelka-Munk equation. The optical band gap of the crystal purple phosphorus was calculated to be about 1.89 eV using the Tauc plot method. Figure 3 shown.

[0033] (4) The flaky crystalline purple phosphorene product obtained in (3) is dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide and placed in a cell crusher or ultrasonic cleaning machine for 8 hours. The temperature of the dispersion is kept constant below 30°C during the ultrasonication process. The dispersion after ultrasonication is centrifuged at a speed of 10,000 rpm to remove the unpeeled precipitate. After obtaining the supernatant, the supernatant is centrifuged at a speed of 12,000 rpm, the precipitate is collected, and dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a powder of one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanoribbons.

[0034] (5) The Hittorf purple phosphorus flake crystals prepared by the iodine vapor transport method in (2) in (3) were ground into powder using a mortar, and then mixed with a glucose syrup solution in a certain proportion and placed in a ball mill. A certain amount of grinding balls with diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were weighed and placed in the ball mill. The ball mill and another ball mill of the same mass were placed on a ball mill for ball milling. After the ball milling was completed, the slurry mixture in the ball mill was washed with deionized water, and the filtrate was removed by suction filtration through a microporous filter membrane. The washing-filtration mixture was repeated for more than three times to remove the glucose syrup. Finally, the product filtered on the microporous filter membrane was dispersed in deionized water and uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes. The dispersion was then placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at 5000 rpm. The supernatant was collected and frozen into ice cubes in a refrigerator. The ice cubes were then freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets. The optical band gap of phosphorene nanoribbons and nanosheets is about 2.4 eV, which is calculated by ultraviolet-visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with Tauc plot method. Figure 4 shown.

[0035] The above embodiments are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. It should be noted that, without departing from the principles of the present invention, a number of improvements and modifications may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Amorphous red phosphorus and iodine are vacuum sealed in a quartz glass tube and concentrated on one side of the bottom; (2) Preparation of Hittorf purple phosphorus by iodine vapor transport method: The quartz tube sealed with amorphous red phosphorus and iodine element in (1) is placed in a horizontal double-temperature zone tubular furnace, and the two ends of the quartz tube are respectively placed in the heating zone of the double-temperature zone tubular furnace, and the side without the drug is lifted up so that it is at a certain angle to the direction of the tube of the tubular furnace; the temperature of the double temperature zones is set respectively, wherein the temperature of the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine elemental drugs is set to: heat from room temperature to 460-510℃ at a certain heating rate and keep it at this temperature for 20-25 h, and then cool it down to room temperature at a certain cooling rate; the temperature of the side without the drug is set to: heat from room temperature to 440-460℃ at the same heating time as the drug zone and keep it at this temperature for the same time, and then cool it down to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone; after the reaction is completed, the quartz tube is broken, and the flaky crystal purple phosphorus product on the tube wall is peeled off with tweezers; (3) The flaky crystalline purple phosphorus product obtained in (2) is dispersed in a solvent and placed in a cell crusher or ultrasonic cleaning machine for ultrasonic treatment for 1-8 hours; the temperature of the dispersion is kept constant below 30°C during the ultrasonic treatment; the dispersion after ultrasonic treatment is centrifuged at a speed of 5000 rpm or above to remove the unpeeled precipitate to obtain a supernatant, and the supernatant is centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm or above to collect the precipitate and dry it in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a powder of one-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorus nanoribbons; (4) The Hittorf purple phosphorus flake crystals prepared in (2) were ground into powder using a mortar, and then mixed with a glucose syrup solution in a certain proportion and placed in a ball mill, and a certain amount of grinding balls with diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were weighed and placed in the ball mill, and the ball mill and another ball mill of the same mass were placed on a ball mill for ball milling; after the ball milling, the slurry mixture in the ball mill was washed with deionized water, and the filtrate was removed by filtration through a microporous filter membrane, and the washing-filtration mixture was repeated more than three times to remove the glucose syrup; finally, the product filtered on the microporous filter membrane was dispersed in deionized water, uniformly dispersed using an ultrasonic cleaner for 10-30 min, and then the dispersion was placed in a centrifuge for centrifugation at a speed of 1000 rpm or above, the supernatant was collected, and the supernatant was frozen into ice cubes in a refrigerator, and then the ice cubes were freeze-dried in a freeze dryer to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorus nanosheets.

2. A method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the purity of amorphous red phosphorus is 90%-99.9999%, the purity of elemental iodine is 99.0%-99.9%, the mass ratio of amorphous red phosphorus to elemental iodine is 10:1-30:1, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum seal is less than 10 -4 Pa.

3. A method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), both ends of the quartz tube are respectively placed in the heating zone of a horizontal dual-temperature zone tubular furnace, and the side without the drug is lifted so that it forms an angle of 5-60° with the direction of the tube of the tubular furnace; the dual-temperature zone temperature rise setting is as follows: the side containing amorphous red phosphorus and iodine elemental drugs is heated from room temperature to 460-510°C at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min and kept warm for 20-25 h, and then cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 1-5°C / min; the temperature of the side without the drug is set as follows: the side without the drug is heated from room temperature to 440-460°C at the same heating time as the drug zone and kept warm for the same time, and then cooled to room temperature at the same cooling time as the drug zone; wherein, the temperature of the two ends of the quartz tube after heating is always 20-50°C lower on the side without the drug than on the side with the drug.

4. A method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the solvent is selected from deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol, nitrogen-methylpyrrolidone, and N,N-dimethylformamide, and the amount of solvent is 10-50 mg of crystalline purple phosphorus per milliliter of solvent; the ultrasonic time is 1-8 h, and the ultrasonic power is 120-2000 W; the temperature of the dispersion is kept constant at 3-30°C during the ultrasonic process; and the dispersion after ultrasonic treatment is centrifuged at a speed of 5000-10000 rpm.

5. A method for simultaneously preparing one-dimensional and two-dimensional Hittorf purple phosphorene nanomaterials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The concentration of the glucose syrup solution in step (5) is 20wt%-60wt%; the amount of glucose syrup solution and crystal violet phosphorus is 0.1-0.5 g of crystal violet phosphorus per 5 ml of glucose syrup; the amount of grinding balls is 10-20 g of grinding balls per 0.1 g of crystal violet phosphorus, and the grinding balls with a diameter of 10 mm account for 20%-30% of the grinding balls, and the grinding balls with a diameter of 2 mm account for 70%-80%; the operating parameters of the ball mill are set to a speed of 500-800 rpm, forward rotation for 20-60 min, reverse rotation for 20-60 min, interval of 30-60 s, and continuous ball milling for 12-48 h; after the ball milling is completed, the slurry mixture in the ball mill is poured out and washed with deionized water, the filtrate is removed by suction filtration through a microporous filter membrane, and the washing-filtration mixture is repeated 3-6 times to remove the glucose syrup; the product without the glucose syrup is dispersed in deionized water and uniformly dispersed for 10-30 min using an ultrasonic cleaner. min, and then the dispersion was placed in a centrifuge and centrifuged at 1000-8000 rpm, and the supernatant was collected and freeze-dried to obtain Hittorf purple phosphorene nanosheets.

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