Full-length anchoring method of thixotropic anchoring agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent, and relates to the technical field of thixotropic anchoring, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface roughness balance treatment on an anchor hole to be injected with the anchoring agent, cleaning a hole wall through mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet, eliminating micro cracks and irregular structures of the hole wall, and then carrying out surface roughness balance treatment on the anchor hole; and the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness is reduced. Through the intelligent grouting control system, the variable-viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology and the multi-stage thixotropic reaction method, the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity concentration, stress concentration and the like are solved. The viscosity is dynamically adjusted to ensure full-length uniform filling and synchronous curing, blockage, reworking and material waste are avoided through intelligent monitoring, the injection efficiency is improved, the construction period is shortened, the cost is reduced, and the long-term stability and safety of a supporting structure are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thixotropic anchoring, in particular to a full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent. Background Art

[0002] Thixotropic anchors achieve full-length anchoring, a process in which the thixotropic properties of the material enable the anchor to flow rapidly and evenly fill the entire pore after injection into the anchor hole, achieving complete contact and curing from the front to the back of the anchor body. Thixotropic materials exhibit a low-viscosity liquid state under shear, facilitating injection, but rapidly increase in viscosity and solidify when stationary, ensuring that the anchor fully coats the anchor rod or rebar within the anchor hole, forming a continuous, uniform consolidation layer. This technology can significantly improve the overall load-bearing capacity and durability of the anchor system, making it particularly suitable for support structures in mines, tunnels, and underground projects located under complex geological conditions.

[0003] The existing technology has the following deficiencies:

[0004] During the full-length anchoring process of existing thixotropic anchors, the phenomenon of "local layered solidification" may lead to serious consequences. This problem is usually caused by uneven surface roughness of the anchor hole or tiny cracks in the local hole wall, which results in obstruction of the flow path of the anchor during injection, premature solidification of some areas, and failure to fully fill other areas, forming hidden "cavities" or "weak layers". This uneven solidification phenomenon directly weakens the overall force transmission effect of the anchoring system, and easily forms stress concentration points locally, causing the anchor rod to slip, pull out or break. Especially in complex geological environments or projects with large dynamic load changes, this problem may cause serious safety accidents such as failure of the support structure, deformation of the stratum or collapse. Therefore, improving the fluidity control of the anchor and the matching of the solidification time is a key technical direction to solve this hidden danger.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-length anchoring method for a thixotropic anchoring agent, which effectively solves the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity formation and stress concentration in the traditional anchoring process by adopting an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology and a synchronous curing method of a multi-stage thixotropic reaction. By dynamically adjusting the viscosity, it is ensured that the viscosity of the anchoring agent is reduced and the fluidity is enhanced in the blocked area, and the viscosity is increased and cured in the unblocked area, thereby achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length. The real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the intelligent system avoid the problems of blockage, rework and material waste, improve the injection efficiency, shorten the construction period, reduce the construction cost, and significantly improve the long-term stability and safety of the support structure, so as to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent, comprising the following steps:

[0008] The surface roughness of the anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agents is balanced. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jets to eliminate micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness.

[0009] The anchoring agent adopts a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing.

[0010] During the anchor injection process, a real-time intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes in the anchor hole and the flow resistance of the anchor in real time to ensure that the anchor can be evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole.

[0011] Adopting variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions in the anchor hole;

[0012] A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure;

[0013] Adopting the curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, ensuring that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously, avoiding stress concentration caused by local premature curing.

[0014] Preferably, the anchor hole to be injected with the anchoring agent is subjected to surface roughness equalization treatment, and the hole wall is cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jetting to eliminate micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness. The specific steps are as follows:

[0015] The inner wall of the anchor hole is fully ground by tools to eliminate unevenness and protrusions on the hole wall and reduce the flow resistance of the anchoring agent;

[0016] Use high-pressure water guns to flush the surface of the anchor hole to remove dust, debris and loose materials in small cracks to reduce the risk of flow blockage;

[0017] High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro cracks and grooves to ensure the overall flatness of the hole wall surface;

[0018] The hole wall is treated by hot air drying and interface agent spraying to improve the adhesion of the anchoring agent and prevent moisture from affecting the curing effect.

[0019] Preferably, a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula anchoring agent is used. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing local incomplete curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0020] Select an anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula according to the construction environment, and ensure good initial fluidity through stirring and temperature pretreatment;

[0021] Use equipment to inject anchoring agent into the anchor hole, and dynamically adjust the grouting speed through the real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent smoothly covers the entire hole wall;

[0022] After the anchoring agent stays for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, causing the viscosity to increase and expand to fill the micro-cracks in the pore wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer;

[0023] Through the shear force and curing time matching algorithm, the viscosity of the anchor agent is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the anchor agent is cured synchronously and evenly throughout the anchor hole.

[0024] Preferably, during the anchor injection process, a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes in the anchor hole and the anchor flow resistance in real time to ensure that the anchor can be evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows:

[0025] Initialize the system before grouting to ensure automatic adjustment of the grouting process according to different anchor hole conditions;

[0026] The pressure and flow resistance in the anchor hole are monitored in real time by sensors, accurately locating the blockage area and analyzing the cause of flow abnormality;

[0027] When a blocked area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the flow obstacles and fill the gaps;

[0028] The grouting strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring results, and the algorithm model is continuously optimized to ensure uniform distribution of the anchoring agent and synchronous curing effect.

[0029] Preferably, in the anchoring agent flow blocking area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces viscosity through the shear sensitive material to enhance fluidity, break through the blockage and fully fill the micro cracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows:

[0030] After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blocked area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces viscosity and enhances fluidity to break through the blockage point;

[0031] The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from colloidal to liquid state to fill deep cracks and tiny pores;

[0032] Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after breaking through the blockage to ensure smooth flow of the anchoring agent;

[0033] By analyzing pressure data in real time, the flow path is optimized to ensure that the anchor covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks.

[0034] Preferably, in the unobstructed area, the anchoring agent rapidly solidifies by triggering a viscosity-increasing reaction to form a stable solidified layer, thereby avoiding material loss caused by excessive flow and enhancing the bonding strength and durability of the anchor body. The specific steps are as follows:

[0035] The anchoring agent triggers a viscosity-increasing reaction in the unblocked area, quickly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss;

[0036] In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is quickly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity gel state and solidify;

[0037] Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is cured synchronously in the anchor hole to avoid stress concentration;

[0038] The anchoring agent rapidly increases viscosity in the unblocked area to form a continuous consolidation layer, effectively improving the bonding strength between the anchor body and the hole wall and preventing slippage and fracture.

[0039] Preferably, a flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall characteristics of the anchor hole are modeled to calculate the initial state of the flow path. The pressure distribution in the local area is calculated based on the flow resistance. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0041] Where, P local is the local pressure, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the anchoring agent, Q is the flow rate through the area per unit time, r is the radius of the path area, and L is the length of the path segment;

[0042] According to the local pressure distribution results, the flow path optimization objective function is established, and the optimal flow path is calculated by this function. The optimization objective function is expressed as follows:

[0043] Where F(r) is the objective function of flow path optimization, x is a segment in the flow path, is the objective function of minimum flow path optimization.

[0044] Preferably, after determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the hole wall to ensure that the anchoring agent can adapt to the irregularities of the hole wall during the flow process. The formula for dynamically adjusted grouting speed is as follows:

[0045] Where Q adjusted is the adjusted grouting flow rate;

[0046] Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, the grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and avoid local excessive solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted according to the changes in the hole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows:

[0047] Where, is the global optimization target, and Q is the flow rate, which reflects the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

[0048] Preferably, a curing time matching algorithm is used to intelligently adjust the curing speed of the anchor according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, ensuring that the anchor in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously and avoiding stress concentration caused by local premature curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0049] First, the temperature changes of each area of the anchor hole are monitored in real time through the sensor network to calculate the temperature change rate of each area. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0050] Where, ΔT region is the temperature change in the region, is the temperature gradient in the anchor hole, y is the axial depth of the anchor hole, y1 is the anchor hole mouth, and y2 is the specified depth;

[0051] Based on the obtained temperature changes and the temperature sensitivity of the material, the curing speed of each area is calculated. The nonlinear temperature dependence and the dynamic change of the reaction rate constant are introduced. The nonlinear change of the reaction rate at different temperatures is integrated and the calculation expression is as follows:

[0052] Where V curing (region) is the curing rate of the region, k0 is the basic curing rate at room temperature, β is the influence factor of temperature on the curing reaction rate, e is the natural base, and γ is the nonlinear coefficient of the influence of temperature on the curing rate.

[0053] Preferably, by comparing with the set target curing time, areas where curing is too fast or too slow are identified, and a dynamic adjustment factor and a spatiotemporal distribution function of the target curing speed are introduced to make the adjustment of the curing speed more precise and multi-dimensional. The formula is as follows:

[0054] Where R adjust is the thixotropic reaction rate that needs to be adjusted, α i is the reaction rate adjustment sensitivity coefficient for region i, V curing (region i ) is the solidification rate of region i, V target is the target curing speed, δ i is the weight factor of region i, N is the total number of regions;

[0055] Finally, according to the curing speed adjustment results of each area, a global adjustment is performed to ensure that the curing time of all areas is synchronized. The spatiotemporal optimization algorithm of the global reaction rate is introduced to make the global adjustment more efficient. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0056] Where, ΔR global is the adjustment amount of the global curing reaction rate, λ i is the contribution coefficient of the solidification process of region i to global synchronization, is the regulating factor of region i on global solidification synchronization.

[0057] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention are:

[0058] The present invention effectively solves the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity formation, and stress concentration in the traditional anchoring process by adopting an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, and a synchronous curing method with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction. These technical solutions ensure that the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be dynamically adjusted during the injection process, reducing viscosity and enhancing fluidity in blocked areas, and rapidly increasing viscosity and curing in unblocked areas, achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length, thereby improving the tensile strength and overall stress-bearing performance of the anchoring system. Especially in complex geological conditions and dynamic load environments, this technology can effectively prevent the slippage, pullout, or breakage of anchor rods, significantly improving the long-term stability of the support structure, and ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering projects.

[0059] The present invention realizes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of pressure changes and flow resistance in the anchor hole through an automated intelligent grouting control system. It can automatically adjust the grouting speed, pulse mode and curing reaction speed according to the conditions of different areas, thereby avoiding blockage, material waste and rework problems during the grouting process. In addition, the variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent used maintains low viscosity during the initial injection, which facilitates the rapid filling of the anchor hole; after staying for a period of time, it triggers the viscosity increase and curing reaction, reducing the risk of material loss and cavity formation. Through these improvement measures, the present invention not only improves the efficiency of anchor injection and shortens the construction period, but also effectively reduces construction costs and maintenance costs, providing a more economical and efficient technical solution for support operations such as mines, tunnels and underground projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be given below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0061] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these example embodiments are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0063] The present invention provides Figure 1 The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent shown includes the following steps:

[0064] The surface roughness of the anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agents is balanced. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jets to eliminate micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness.

[0065] The specific steps for equalizing the surface roughness of the anchor hole to be injected with the anchoring agent, cleaning the hole wall through mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet, eliminating micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, and reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness are as follows:

[0066] The inner wall of the anchor hole is fully ground with special tools to eliminate the unevenness and protrusions on the hole wall and reduce the flow resistance of the anchoring agent;

[0067] Mechanical grinding is a fundamental step in equalizing the surface roughness of anchor holes. It aims to remove protrusions, sharp edges, and rough areas on the inner surface of the anchor hole. This operation typically uses a dedicated anchor hole grinding tool, such as an electric grinding head, rotating steel brush, or diamond grinding wheel, which rotates 360 degrees along the inner wall of the anchor hole to perform comprehensive grinding.

[0068] During the grinding process, the operator focuses on smoothing out any major irregularities in the hole wall that could hinder the flow of the anchor. At the same time, the operator needs to control the grinding depth to avoid excessive grinding that could weaken the hole wall. This step significantly reduces frictional resistance during the flow of the anchor, ensuring smooth injection.

[0069] Use high-pressure water guns to flush the surface of the anchor hole to remove dust, debris and loose materials in small cracks to reduce the risk of flow blockage;

[0070] After mechanical grinding, high-pressure water jetting is used to further remove dust, debris, and small particles from the hole surface. This process uses a high-pressure water gun with an adjustable nozzle, adjusting the water pressure to between 10 and 20 MPa to ensure that the water flow effectively covers the entire inner wall of the anchor hole.

[0071] High-pressure water jets not only remove visible particles and debris but also penetrate into tiny cracks in the borehole wall, flushing out loose material. This process significantly reduces the effect of surface residue on the flow of the anchoring agent and, to a certain extent, repairs tiny cracks, reducing the risk of leakage during injection.

[0072] High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro cracks and grooves to ensure the overall flatness of the hole wall surface;

[0073] After cleaning, the inner wall of the anchor hole needs to be inspected for defects, focusing on the presence of microcracks, depressions, or irregular grooves. Typically, a high-definition camera or laser scanner is used to fully scan the hole wall, generating a 3D model to analyze the surface smoothness and defect locations.

[0074] If large cracks or depressions are found, operators will need to use specialized repair materials (such as cement-based repair slurry or epoxy resin) to fill and smooth these defects to ensure the overall flatness of the anchor hole wall. At the same time, the selection of repair materials must take into account the compatibility of the thixotropic anchoring agent to avoid adverse reactions between the materials.

[0075] Treat the hole wall through hot air drying and interface agent spraying to improve the adhesion of the anchoring agent and prevent moisture from affecting the curing effect;

[0076] After the repair is completed and dried, the surface is dried to remove excess moisture from the hole wall. Hot air drying equipment is used to dry the hole wall surface to an appropriate moisture content to ensure that the anchoring agent can fully adhere to the hole wall and prevent moisture from affecting the curing effect of the thixotropic material.

[0077] In addition, before injecting the anchoring agent, a special interface agent or pretreatment agent can be sprayed on the inner wall of the anchor hole to further enhance the bonding between the anchoring agent and the hole wall. The role of the interface agent is to improve the chemical properties of the hole wall surface, making it easier for it to physically and chemically bond with the anchoring agent, thereby improving the overall strength and durability of the anchoring system.

[0078] The anchoring agent adopts a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, which can quickly fill the anchor hole. After a certain period of residence, the internal chemical reaction is triggered, causing the material to expand and increase viscosity, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing partial incomplete curing.

[0079] The anchoring agent adopts a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, which can quickly fill the anchor hole. After a certain period of residence, the internal chemical reaction is triggered, causing the material to expand and increase viscosity, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing local incomplete curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0080] Select an anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula according to the construction environment, and ensure good initial fluidity through stirring and temperature pretreatment;

[0081] Before anchoring, select an anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula based on the project environment and hole wall conditions. This agent typically consists of a low-viscosity base material, an expansion agent, and a thixotropic reaction catalyst, ensuring good initial fluidity and rapid viscosity buildup and solidification. Prior to injection, the anchoring agent should be uniformly stirred and temperature-preconditioned to ensure the material's reaction rate matches the anchor hole conditions.

[0082] During the preparation process, the reaction triggering time must be carefully controlled. The timing of the chemical reaction is adjusted according to the temperature and humidity of the construction environment to avoid premature reaction, which can lead to increased viscosity during injection and the risk of clogging. This pretreatment ensures that the anchoring agent has sufficient initial fluidity to pass smoothly through rough or irregular hole walls.

[0083] Use special equipment to inject anchoring agent into the anchor hole, and dynamically adjust the grouting speed through the real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent smoothly covers the entire hole wall;

[0084] The formulated anchoring agent is injected into the anchor hole using specialized grouting equipment, leveraging its low viscosity to achieve rapid flow and fill the entire hole. During the injection process, a real-time monitoring system should be used to monitor the pressure, flow rate, and material flow path within the anchor hole to ensure that the anchoring agent can smoothly pass through grooves and micro-cracks in the hole wall, avoiding the formation of cavities or blockages.

[0085] The equipment used to inject the anchoring agent into the anchor hole is typically a high-pressure grouting pump or a screw pump, the specific choice depending on the construction environment and the characteristics of the anchoring agent. High-pressure grouting pumps are suitable for scenarios requiring higher pressures, and can evenly deliver low-viscosity anchoring agents to deep fissures, improving penetration. Screw pumps are suitable for controlling the grouting flow rate, ensuring that the anchoring agent fills the hole wall at a steady rate. Furthermore, intelligent grouting control systems can combine flow meters, pressure sensors, and real-time monitoring modules to dynamically adjust the grouting speed and pressure to adapt to the pore structure of different formations, prevent leakage or localized uneven curing, and improve the anchoring effect.

[0086] Because the anchor hole surface has been mechanically polished and cleaned with a high-pressure water jet, the low-viscosity anchoring agent can smoothly cover the entire hole wall, filling most of the gaps. Simultaneously, the monitoring system automatically adjusts the grouting speed and pressure to avoid material waste caused by excessively rapid injection or uneven curing caused by excessively slow injection, ensuring that the anchoring agent's flow process meets design expectations.

[0087] After the anchoring agent stays for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, causing the viscosity to increase and expand to fill the micro-cracks in the pore wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer;

[0088] After the anchoring agent is injected and stays in the anchor hole for a period of time, the internal thixotropic reaction catalyst begins to trigger a chemical reaction, causing the viscosity of the material to increase rapidly and the volume to expand at the same time, thereby filling the tiny cracks and irregular gaps in the anchor hole.

[0089] The expansion and filling process is crucial, not only strengthening the bond between the anchor and the hole wall but also preventing the formation of localized cavities caused by uneven hole walls. This is particularly true for hard-to-clean microcracks deep within the anchor hole. The expanding anchor effectively fills these hidden areas, forming a continuous, uniform consolidation layer and ensuring the overall load-bearing performance of the anchor system.

[0090] Adaptively adjust the viscosity of the anchoring agent through the shear force and curing time matching algorithm to ensure that the anchoring agent is cured synchronously and evenly throughout the anchor hole;

[0091] To prevent stress concentration caused by premature curing of the anchor in localized areas, precise control of the anchor's reaction time and viscosity changes is required. During the chemical reaction, the anchor's viscosity adaptively adjusts to changes in shear force and pressure. This means that the viscosity decreases in blocked areas within the anchor hole to enhance fluidity, while unobstructed areas rapidly increase in viscosity and solidify, achieving a uniform anchoring effect.

[0092] At the same time, a curing time matching algorithm is introduced to conduct real-time analysis of the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, identify areas that cure too fast or too slow, and automatically adjust the thixotropic reaction speed to ensure that the anchor agent in the entire anchor hole cures synchronously, avoiding structural hazards caused by local uncured or premature curing.

[0093] During the anchor injection process, a real-time intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchor flow resistance in the anchor hole in real time. When an abnormal pressure increase is detected in a certain area, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the blocked area and ensure that the anchor is evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole.

[0094] During the anchor injection process, a real-time intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchor flow resistance in the anchor hole in real time. When an abnormal pressure increase is detected in a certain area, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the blocked area and ensure that the anchor is evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows:

[0095] Initialize the system before grouting to ensure automatic adjustment of the grouting process according to different anchor hole conditions;

[0096] Before grouting begins, the intelligent grouting control system is initialized, setting key parameters such as the target pressure range, flow rate threshold, and resistance change response strategy. The system collects real-time data from the anchor hole using pressure and flow rate sensors and transmits the data to the control terminal for analysis.

[0097] During this step, the system also needs to set pressure warning values for different areas based on the anchor hole depth, diameter, and geological conditions. For example, anchor holes in complex geological conditions may contain microcracks and blocked areas. The system needs to identify potential risk points in these areas in advance and set a warning response strategy. This initialization step ensures that the control system can automatically adjust the grouting process for different working conditions, avoiding grouting failures caused by delayed human intervention.

[0098] The pressure and flow resistance in the anchor hole are monitored in real time by sensors, accurately locating the blockage area and analyzing the cause of flow abnormality;

[0099] During the anchor injection process, the intelligent grouting control system monitors pressure changes and anchor flow resistance in real time. Pressure sensors are distributed along the depth of the anchor hole, collecting data in sections to ensure comprehensive coverage of pressure changes throughout the entire anchor hole.

[0100] When the system detects an abnormally high pressure in a specific area, it typically indicates possible microcrack blockage or hole wall irregularities, hindering the flow of the anchor. The system automatically records the location of the blockage and determines whether adjustments to the grouting rate or strategy are necessary. Furthermore, the system compares and analyzes previous flow modeling data to determine whether the blockage is a normal localized expansion reaction, thus avoiding inadvertent interventions.

[0101] When a blocked area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the flow obstacles and fill the gaps;

[0102] If the intelligent system identifies an abnormally high pressure in a particular area that could lead to grouting interruption or localized solidification, it automatically adjusts the grouting speed, reducing flow rate and resistance to prevent premature solidification of the anchor in the high-pressure area. If the deceleration adjustment fails to effectively resolve the blockage, the system automatically initiates pulse grouting mode.

[0103] Pulse grouting uses intermittent, high-frequency grouting to deliver high-pressure surges within a short period of time, effectively breaking through flow barriers in blocked areas. This method effectively reduces flow blockages caused by irregularities in the hole wall or microcracks, ensuring smooth flow of the anchoring agent throughout the entire hole. Furthermore, pulse grouting can further fill microcracks and deep voids, enhancing anchoring effectiveness.

[0104] Dynamically adjust grouting strategies based on real-time monitoring results and continuously optimize algorithm models to ensure uniform distribution of anchoring agents and synchronous curing effects;

[0105] During the grouting process, the system dynamically adjusts based on real-time monitoring data and feeds the results of each adjustment back into the control system's algorithm model, enabling self-learning and optimization. If the system detects that a blocked area has been successfully breached, it automatically reverts to normal grouting mode, ensuring uniform injection of the anchor throughout the entire anchor hole.

[0106] Furthermore, the system adjusts the thixotropic reaction rate of the anchoring agent based on the flow time and curing progress of each area, avoiding localized stress concentration caused by mismatched curing rates in different areas during grouting. Through dynamic adjustment and feedback optimization, the system continuously improves the uniformity and stability of grouting, thereby ensuring the overall safety and durability of the anchoring system.

[0107] The variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology enables the viscosity of the anchoring agent to be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions in the anchor hole. In areas where the anchoring agent flow is blocked, its viscosity is reduced to enhance fluidity, ensuring that micro-cracks and deep areas can also be completely filled; while in unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent quickly increases viscosity and solidifies, avoiding loss caused by excessive flow;

[0108] In areas where the anchor flow is blocked, the anchor automatically reduces viscosity through shear-sensitive materials to enhance fluidity, break through blockages, and fully fill microcracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows:

[0109] After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blocked area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces viscosity and enhances fluidity to break through the blockage point;

[0110] During the anchor injection process, if the intelligent grouting control system detects an abnormally high pressure in a certain area, it identifies a possible flow obstruction or irregularities in the borehole wall. To prevent premature solidification of the anchor in this area, the thixotropic anchor automatically reduces its viscosity based on shear and pressure changes, thereby enhancing its fluidity. This low viscosity adjustment ensures that the anchor can break through the obstruction and continue to flow deeper, achieving full-length anchoring.

[0111] The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from colloidal to liquid state to fill deep cracks and tiny pores;

[0112] The shear-sensitive materials in the anchor are key to achieving low-viscosity adaptive adjustment. These materials break down the long-chain molecular structure under high shear forces, transforming the anchor from a colloidal state to a liquid state. As the anchor flows through the microcracks and fine pores within the anchor hole, the shear forces increase and the viscosity decreases, enhancing the anchor's penetration and ensuring complete filling of even deep areas and hidden cracks.

[0113] Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after breaking through the blockage to ensure smooth flow of the anchoring agent;

[0114] During low-viscosity adjustments, the intelligent grouting system continuously monitors grouting speed and pressure trends to ensure the anchoring agent flows as expected. If the system detects that a blockage has been breached, it automatically switches to normal grouting mode. This real-time adjustment prevents material from being stuck in a specific location due to blockage, effectively preventing the formation of cavities or weak zones.

[0115] Optimize the flow path by analyzing pressure data in real time to ensure that the anchor covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks;

[0116] To further improve the flow efficiency of the anchor in blocked areas, the intelligent system optimizes the anchor's flow path by analyzing real-time pressure data. The system automatically selects the path of least resistance, guiding the anchor to bypass or penetrate blockages, ensuring effective filling of microcracks and deep areas. This adaptive adjustment ensures even coverage of the anchor hole along its entire length, enhancing overall anchoring effectiveness.

[0117] In unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent rapidly solidifies by triggering a viscosity-increasing reaction, forming a stable consolidation layer, avoiding material loss caused by excessive flow, and enhancing the bonding strength and durability of the anchor body. The specific steps are as follows:

[0118] The anchoring agent triggers a viscosity-increasing reaction in the unblocked area, quickly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss;

[0119] When the anchor flows through unobstructed areas, the system automatically triggers its thixotropic reaction mechanism, causing the material's viscosity to rapidly increase and begin to solidify. This viscosity-increasing process, triggered by a combination of internal chemical reactions and environmental changes, ensures that the anchor forms a stable, consolidated layer in the unobstructed area, preventing the material from flowing out of the anchor hole due to excessive fluidity.

[0120] In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is quickly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity gel state and solidify;

[0121] The catalyst in the thixotropic anchor quickly activates in unobstructed areas, transforming the anchor from a low-viscosity liquid to a high-viscosity gel, leading to rapid curing. This viscosity-increasing reaction is selective in both time and space, ensuring rapid curing of the anchor in the desired location without affecting flow in other areas. This characteristic contributes to the stability and strength of the anchoring system.

[0122] Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is cured synchronously in the anchor hole to avoid stress concentration;

[0123] To achieve simultaneous curing throughout the entire anchor hole, the intelligent system dynamically adjusts the timing of the thixotropic reaction based on the flow time, temperature, and pressure changes in different areas. This time-matching algorithm avoids premature or delayed curing in certain areas, eliminating potential stress concentration and effectively improving the overall load-bearing performance of the anchor system.

[0124] The anchoring agent rapidly increases viscosity in the unblocked area to form a continuous consolidation layer, effectively improving the bonding strength between the anchor body and the hole wall, and preventing slippage and fracture;

[0125] During the rapid viscosity-building process in unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent can better coat the anchor rod or rebar, forming a continuous bond with the anchor hole wall. This process effectively strengthens the bond between the anchor and the hole wall, preventing the anchor rod from slipping, pulling out, or breaking during long-term use. This viscosity-building and solidification mechanism can significantly improve the durability and safety of the anchor system, especially in complex geological conditions.

[0126] A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure;

[0127] The flow path optimization algorithm was introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0128] Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall properties of the anchor hole are modeled, the initial state of the flow path is calculated, and the pressure distribution in the local area is calculated based on the flow resistance. The goal of this step is to evaluate the flow characteristics of the anchor agent throughout the anchor hole and determine the initial pressure difference in each area. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0129] Where, P local is the local pressure, which represents the pressure at a certain point on the flow path; μ is the dynamic viscosity of the anchor, which represents the internal friction of the anchor; Q is the flow rate through the area per unit time; r is the radius of the path area, which reflects the width of the flow channel in the area; L is the length of the path segment, which represents the distance from the current path point to the next path point;

[0130] Through this calculation, the local pressure distribution in each area is obtained for subsequent path optimization and grouting speed adjustment.

[0131] Based on the local pressure distribution results, a flow path optimization objective function is established, and the optimal flow path is calculated through this function. The optimization goal is to minimize the overall flow resistance and ensure flow uniformity. At the same time, the roughness of the pore wall and the change of cracks are taken into account to adjust the flow direction and speed of the anchor. The core of the optimization is to adjust the flow rate and path of the anchor so that the anchor can fill the microcracks to the maximum extent and avoid the occurrence of blockage areas. The optimization objective function is expressed as follows:

[0132] Where F(r) is the objective function of flow path optimization, which represents the total flow resistance on the flow path; x is a segment in the flow path, which represents the small length of the current path in the optimization area. is the objective function of minimum flow path optimization;

[0133] By minimizing the objective function, the optimal flow path is determined to ensure that the anchoring agent can smoothly pass through the complex pore wall structure.

[0134] After determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the hole wall (such as irregular structures such as microcracks and grooves) to ensure that the anchor can adapt to the irregularities of the hole wall during the flow process. At this time, the grouting speed needs to be adjusted according to the local flow resistance and pressure changes to optimize the distribution of the anchor. The formula for dynamically adjusted grouting speed is as follows:

[0135] Where Q adjusted is the adjusted grouting flow rate;

[0136] Through this step, the grouting flow rate is adjusted in real time to ensure that the anchoring agent can flow smoothly in the complex areas of the hole wall and fill the micro cracks and irregular areas.

[0137] Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, the grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and avoid local excessive solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted according to the changes in the hole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows:

[0138] Where, is the global optimization objective, minimizing the deviation of the total flow resistance and grouting velocity, and Q is the flow rate, reflecting the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

[0139] Through a continuous optimization process, uniform distribution along the entire length can be achieved based on real-time feedback, ensuring that the anchoring agent can effectively fill every area of the complex pore wall structure.

[0140] The curing time matching algorithm intelligently adjusts the curing speed of the anchor according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas. The curing time matching algorithm analyzes the curing progress of each area in real time, identifies areas that cure too fast or too slow, and adjusts the thixotropic reaction speed to ensure that the anchor in the entire anchor hole cures synchronously, avoiding stress concentration caused by local premature curing.

[0141] Using a curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas to ensure that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously and avoid stress concentration caused by local premature curing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0142] First, the temperature changes in each area of the anchor hole are monitored in real time through a sensor network to calculate the temperature change rate of each area. Temperature changes directly affect the curing speed of the thixotropic anchoring agent, so the curing process must be adjusted based on the real-time temperature. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0143] Where, ΔT region is the temperature change in the region, is the temperature gradient in the anchor hole, indicating the change of temperature with depth, y is the axial depth of the anchor hole, y1 is the anchor hole mouth, and y2 is the specified depth;

[0144] This step takes into account the continuity of the temperature distribution and the influence of the anchor hole depth on temperature changes, thus more accurately reflecting the impact of temperature on the curing speed. By integrating the temperature gradient, we can obtain a more detailed temperature change, providing more accurate basic data for subsequent curing speed adjustments.

[0145] Based on the obtained temperature changes and the temperature sensitivity of the material (such as the curing reaction rate of the thixotropic anchoring agent), the curing rate of each area is calculated. The nonlinear temperature dependence and the dynamic change of the reaction rate constant are introduced. The nonlinear change of the reaction rate at different temperatures is integrated and the calculation expression is as follows:

[0146] Where V curing (region) is the curing rate of the region, k0 is the basic curing rate at room temperature, β is the influence factor of temperature on the curing reaction rate, e is the natural base, and γ is the nonlinear coefficient of the effect of temperature on the curing rate;

[0147] In this step, the change in curing speed is not only directly proportional to the temperature, but also includes nonlinear reactions caused by temperature changes. Increasing temperature will cause the reaction rate to accelerate, but the degree of acceleration is controlled by an exponential function. This can more accurately describe the impact of temperature changes on curing speed, especially the sensitivity of high temperature areas.

[0148] By comparing with the set target curing time, areas that cure too fast or too slow are identified. For areas that cure too fast, the reaction rate needs to be reduced, while for areas that cure too slowly, the reaction rate needs to be increased. The introduction of a dynamic adjustment factor and a spatiotemporal distribution function of the target curing speed makes the adjustment of the curing speed more precise and multidimensional. The formula is as follows:

[0149] Where R adjust is the thixotropic reaction rate that needs to be adjusted, α i is the reaction rate adjustment sensitivity coefficient for region i, which depends on the importance of the region, V curing (regioni ) is the solidification rate of region i, V target is the target curing speed, which indicates the expected curing speed, δ i is the weight factor of region i, which adjusts the priority of reaction rate according to the characteristics of different regions, and N is the total number of regions;

[0150] This step introduces a dynamic adjustment factor and adjusts the value of the region according to its importance (via α i and δ i This method allows for more precise adjustment of the curing speed of each region and ensures more flexible and precise adjustment of the reaction rate.

[0151] Finally, according to the curing speed adjustment results of each area, a global adjustment is performed to ensure that the curing time of all areas is synchronized. The spatiotemporal optimization algorithm of the global reaction rate is introduced to make the global adjustment more efficient. The calculation expression is as follows:

[0152] Where, ΔR global is the adjustment amount of the global curing reaction rate, λ i is the contribution coefficient of the solidification process of region i to global synchronization, is the regulating factor of region i on global solidification synchronization.

[0153] By integrating the adjustments made in each region, the global reaction rate is calculated and the curing process is uniformly adjusted throughout the entire anchor hole. This ensures that the anchor cures synchronously throughout the hole, avoiding stress concentration caused by premature or slow curing in localized areas, thereby enhancing the stability and durability of the overall anchoring system.

[0154] Specific implementation method one: During the injection process of the thixotropic anchoring agent, the fluidity of the anchoring agent is often hindered due to the uneven roughness of the hole wall inside the anchor hole, the irregular distribution of microcracks and the complexity of the geological conditions, resulting in incomplete local solidification or cavity formation during the grouting process. This problem directly affects the overall stress performance of the anchoring system and can easily cause safety hazards such as anchor slippage, pullout and even support failure. In order to solve this problem, this implementation method adopts a real-time monitoring intelligent grouting control system. By real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the pressure changes and flow resistance in the anchor hole, it ensures that the anchoring agent can be evenly distributed over the entire length of the anchor hole, thereby improving the support effect.

[0155] Before construction, the intelligent grouting system is initialized. Pressure and flow sensors are arranged in sections along the depth of the anchor holes, ensuring comprehensive monitoring of pressure and flow rate changes within the holes. During system initialization, warning pressure thresholds are set for different areas based on the anchor hole depth, diameter, surface characteristics, and geological conditions. For example, in areas with a high concentration of microcracks, the system's warning thresholds are appropriately lowered to promptly detect potential flow blockages.

[0156] During the actual injection process, the intelligent grouting system monitors pressure changes and flow resistance within the anchor hole in real time. If the system detects an abnormally high pressure in a specific area, it typically indicates a flow obstruction or increased localized resistance due to irregularities in the hole wall. Based on a pre-set response strategy, the system automatically records the location of the obstruction and determines whether to adjust the grouting speed or initiate pulsed grouting.

[0157] When the system identifies an abnormally high pressure in a specific area, potentially leading to incomplete localized curing, it automatically reduces the grouting rate to reduce resistance and prevent premature curing of the anchor in that area. This speed adjustment is automated by the system's control algorithm, eliminating the response lag associated with traditional grouting processes that rely on manual intervention. Reducing the grouting rate enhances the fluidity of the anchor, allowing it to penetrate microcracks and deeper areas, improving the filling effect.

[0158] If the system detects that the blockage persists after reducing the grouting rate, the intelligent grouting system automatically activates pulse grouting mode. Pulse grouting uses intermittent, high-frequency grouting to deliver short bursts of high pressure to the blocked area, aiming to break through flow obstructions. This mode is particularly suitable for anchor holes with irregular wall structures or numerous cracks, effectively reducing local cavities or weak zones caused by blockage.

[0159] During the grouting process, the intelligent grouting control system dynamically adjusts the grouting speed and pulse pattern based on real-time monitoring data, feeding back each adjustment result to the control algorithm for self-learning and optimization. This dynamic adjustment and feedback optimization mechanism ensures uniform distribution of the anchoring agent and full-length filling, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the anchoring system.

[0160] Specific embodiment 2: During the grouting process of thixotropic anchoring agents, traditional fixed-viscosity anchoring agents are prone to flow blockage or incomplete filling due to problems such as irregular hole wall surfaces, uneven distribution of microcracks, and difficulty filling deep voids. This embodiment utilizes variable-viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, enabling the anchoring agent to automatically adjust viscosity based on the pressure and shear conditions within the anchoring hole, thereby achieving adaptive flow control and ensuring efficient filling and uniform curing of the anchoring agent in different areas.

[0161] When the anchor flows through a blocked area, the intelligent system detects increased shear forces due to irregular pore walls or numerous microcracks. This automatically reduces the anchor's viscosity, enhancing its fluidity. The shear-sensitive material in the anchor breaks down its long-chain molecular structure under high shear forces, transforming the material from a colloidal state to a liquid state. This allows it to better penetrate deep cracks and tiny pores, completely filling all gaps and preventing the formation of hidden cavities or weak zones.

[0162] When the anchor enters an unobstructed area, its thixotropic reaction mechanism is rapidly triggered to prevent excessive flow and loss, increasing the material's viscosity and initiating solidification. Activated by the catalyst in the thixotropic anchor, the material transitions from a low-viscosity liquid to a high-viscosity gel, rapidly solidifying in a short period of time. This creates a stable consolidation layer, effectively enhancing the overall stability of the anchoring system.

[0163] As the anchor flows, the intelligent grouting system uses real-time pressure and velocity data to dynamically model and analyze the flow path within the anchor hole. If the system detects high flow resistance in a particular area, the anchor's shear-sensitive material automatically reduces its viscosity, allowing it to more easily penetrate the obstructed area and enter microcracks and deep pores. This adaptive flow control technology ensures that the anchor fully covers the anchor hole even in complex geological conditions, avoiding hidden cavities or weak zones that are easily missed with traditional anchoring methods.

[0164] As the anchor penetrates the blocked area, it fully fills microcracks and small voids, particularly deep, hidden fissures where traditional high-viscosity anchors have difficulty penetrating. However, variable-viscosity thixotropic anchors can achieve deep filling of these areas by reducing their viscosity, significantly improving the integrity and stability of the anchoring system. This technology can effectively enhance support effectiveness in projects with complex geological conditions, especially those subject to dynamic load fluctuations or ground displacement.

[0165] To prevent excessive flow of the anchor in unobstructed areas, the thixotropic anchor in this embodiment automatically triggers a viscosity-increasing reaction when flow resistance decreases. Through the combined effects of an internal catalyst and external environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and pressure), the anchor's viscosity rapidly increases, leading to complete curing within a short period of time.

[0166] Furthermore, to ensure simultaneous curing of the anchoring agent in different areas, the intelligent system dynamically adjusts the timing of the thixotropic reaction based on the flow time, temperature changes, and pressure conditions in each area. This time-matching algorithm effectively avoids the premature or delayed localized curing seen in traditional grouting, thereby preventing stress concentration caused by inconsistent curing times.

[0167] Ultimately, through this adaptive adjustment and dynamic optimization, variable viscosity thixotropic anchor technology can ensure that the anchor is evenly distributed and synchronously cured throughout the entire anchor hole, thereby significantly improving the overall stress-bearing performance of the anchoring system and avoiding the risk of slippage, pullout, or breakage of anchor rods or steel bars during long-term use.

[0168] Specific implementation method three: In order to completely solve the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity formation and stress concentration that occur during the injection process of the anchor agent, this implementation method adopts an anchor agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. By controlling the fluidity, expansibility and curing speed of the anchor agent, the anchor agent is synchronously cured throughout the entire length of the anchor hole, thereby forming a continuous and uniform consolidation layer, greatly improving the overall durability and stability of the support system.

[0169] During the initial grouting phase, the multi-stage thixotropic anchor maintains a low viscosity, ensuring rapid flow and filling of the anchor hole. The low-viscosity anchor's high fluidity allows it to easily penetrate irregularities and micro-cracks within the anchor hole, preventing initial blockage or flow restriction.

[0170] To ensure smooth initial injection, the intelligent grouting system dynamically adjusts the grouting flow rate and pressure based on the anchor hole's depth, diameter, and geological conditions, ensuring the anchoring agent covers the entire hole in a short period of time. This low viscosity phase is crucial for ensuring uniform filling of the anchoring agent along its entire length.

[0171] After the anchor is injected into the hole and allowed to remain there for a period of time, the expansion material and catalyst within it gradually trigger an expansion reaction, causing the anchor to expand moderately, thereby filling the tiny gaps and cracks within the hole. This expansion reaction effectively repairs small defects in the hole wall and further strengthens the bond between the anchor and the hole wall.

[0172] The expansion filling process significantly reduces any cavities or weak zones within the anchor hole, significantly improving the anchor system's load-bearing capacity. Particularly in projects with complex geological environments or dynamic loads, expansion filling technology can effectively reduce the risk of ground deformation or anchor slippage.

[0173] After expansion and filling, the anchoring agent triggers a multi-stage viscosity-increasing reaction based on environmental changes in different areas. This reaction is divided into three stages: initial viscosity-increasing, intermediate gelation, and final curing, ensuring that the anchoring agent achieves simultaneous viscosity-increasing and curing at different depths.

[0174] To achieve this, an intelligent system monitors the temperature, pressure, and flow time of each area in real time. Based on this data, it adjusts the initiation time of the curing reaction to avoid premature or delayed localized curing. This multi-stage, simultaneous curing technology effectively prevents stress concentration and ensures the overall strength and stability of the anchoring system.

[0175] As the viscosity-building reaction completes, the anchoring agent in the anchor hole gradually forms a continuous, uniform consolidation layer, firmly bonding the anchor rod or rebar to the hole wall. This consolidation layer not only possesses high strength and adhesion, but also effectively resists environmental changes and long-term dynamic loads, significantly improving the durability and safety of the support system.

[0176] Ultimately, by adopting a full-length synchronous curing method with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction, it is possible to ensure that the anchor agent can achieve efficient support under complex geological conditions, effectively reduce common problems such as anchor slippage, pull-out or breakage, and greatly improve the overall stability and safety of the engineering project.

[0177] The present invention effectively solves the problems of incomplete local curing, cavity formation, and stress concentration in the traditional anchoring process by adopting an intelligent grouting control system, variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, and a synchronous curing method with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction. These technical solutions ensure that the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be dynamically adjusted during the injection process, reducing viscosity and enhancing fluidity in blocked areas, and rapidly increasing viscosity and curing in unblocked areas, achieving uniform filling and synchronous curing along the entire length, thereby improving the tensile strength and overall stress-bearing performance of the anchoring system. Especially in complex geological conditions and dynamic load environments, this technology can effectively prevent the slippage, pullout, or breakage of anchor rods, significantly improving the long-term stability of the support structure, and ensuring the safety and reliability of engineering projects.

[0178] The present invention realizes real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment of pressure changes and flow resistance in the anchor hole through an automated intelligent grouting control system. It can automatically adjust the grouting speed, pulse mode and curing reaction speed according to the conditions of different areas, thereby avoiding blockage, material waste and rework problems during the grouting process. In addition, the variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent used maintains low viscosity during the initial injection, which facilitates the rapid filling of the anchor hole; after staying for a period of time, it triggers the viscosity increase and curing reaction, reducing the risk of material loss and cavity formation. Through these improvement measures, the present invention not only improves the efficiency of anchor injection and shortens the construction period, but also effectively reduces construction costs and maintenance costs, providing a more economical and efficient technical solution for support operations such as mines, tunnels and underground projects.

[0179] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0180] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

[0181] It should be noted that, in this document, if there are relational terms such as first and second, etc., they are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the element.

[0182] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0183] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0185] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0186] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0187] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0188] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The surface roughness of the anchor holes to be injected with anchoring agents is balanced. The hole walls are cleaned by mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jets to eliminate micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, thereby reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness. The anchoring agent adopts a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing incomplete local curing. During the anchor injection process, a real-time intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes in the anchor hole and the flow resistance of the anchor in real time to ensure that the anchor can be evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole. Adopting variable viscosity thixotropic anchoring agent technology, the viscosity of the anchoring agent can be adaptively adjusted according to the pressure and shear conditions in the anchor hole; A flow path optimization algorithm is introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure; Adopting the curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas, ensuring that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously, avoiding stress concentration caused by local premature curing.

2. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for equalizing the surface roughness of the anchor hole to be injected with the anchoring agent, cleaning the hole wall through mechanical grinding and high-pressure water jet, eliminating micro cracks and irregular hole wall structures, and reducing the risk of local flow blockage caused by uneven surface roughness are as follows: The inner wall of the anchor hole is fully ground by tools to eliminate unevenness and protrusions on the hole wall and reduce the flow resistance of the anchoring agent; Use high-pressure water guns to flush the surface of the anchor hole to remove dust, debris and loose materials in small cracks to reduce the risk of flow blockage; High-definition scanning technology is used to identify defects in the hole wall, and repair materials are used to fill micro cracks and grooves to ensure the overall flatness of the hole wall surface; The hole wall is treated by hot air drying and interface agent spraying to improve the adhesion of the anchoring agent and prevent moisture from affecting the curing effect.

3. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring agent adopts a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula. The anchoring agent maintains low viscosity and fluidity during the initial injection, thereby filling small gaps and cracks and preventing local incomplete curing. The specific steps are as follows: Select an anchoring agent with a multi-stage thixotropic reaction formula according to the construction environment, and ensure good initial fluidity through stirring and temperature pretreatment; Use equipment to inject anchoring agent into the anchor hole, and dynamically adjust the grouting speed through the real-time monitoring system to ensure that the anchoring agent smoothly covers the entire hole wall; After the anchoring agent stays for a period of time, it triggers an internal chemical reaction, causing the viscosity to increase and expand to fill the micro-cracks in the pore wall, forming a continuous consolidation layer; Through the shear force and curing time matching algorithm, the viscosity of the anchor agent is adaptively adjusted to ensure that the anchor agent is cured synchronously and evenly throughout the anchor hole.

4. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the anchor injection process, a real-time intelligent grouting control system is introduced to monitor the pressure changes and anchor flow resistance in the anchor hole in real time to ensure that the anchor can be evenly distributed along the entire length of the anchor hole. The specific steps are as follows: Initialize the system before grouting to ensure automatic adjustment of the grouting process according to different anchor hole conditions; The pressure and flow resistance in the anchor hole are monitored in real time by sensors, accurately locating the blockage area and analyzing the cause of flow abnormality; When a blocked area is detected, the grouting speed is automatically adjusted and the pulse grouting mode is activated to break through the flow obstacles and fill the gaps; The grouting strategy is dynamically adjusted based on real-time monitoring results, and the algorithm model is continuously optimized to ensure uniform distribution of the anchoring agent and synchronous curing effect.

5. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In areas where the anchor flow is blocked, the anchor automatically reduces viscosity through shear-sensitive materials to enhance fluidity, break through the blockage, and fully fill microcracks and deep areas. The specific steps are as follows: After the intelligent grouting system identifies the blocked area, the anchoring agent automatically reduces viscosity and enhances fluidity to break through the blockage point; The shear-sensitive material in the anchoring agent decomposes its molecular structure under high shear force, changing from colloidal to liquid state to fill deep cracks and tiny pores; Continuously monitor the grouting process and resume normal grouting mode after breaking through the blockage to ensure smooth flow of the anchoring agent; By analyzing pressure data in real time, the flow path is optimized to ensure that the anchor covers the entire length of the anchor hole and fills all micro-cracks.

6. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In unobstructed areas, the anchoring agent rapidly solidifies by triggering a viscosity-increasing reaction, forming a stable consolidation layer, avoiding material loss caused by excessive flow, and enhancing the bonding strength and durability of the anchor body. The specific steps are as follows: The anchoring agent triggers a viscosity-increasing reaction in the unblocked area, quickly solidifies to form a stable consolidation layer, and prevents material loss; In the unblocked area, the reaction catalyst of the anchoring agent is quickly activated, causing the material to change from a low-viscosity liquid state to a high-viscosity gel state and solidify; Adjust the curing time according to the flow time and environmental parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is cured synchronously in the anchor hole to avoid stress concentration; The anchoring agent rapidly increases viscosity in the unblocked area to form a continuous consolidation layer, effectively improving the bonding strength between the anchor body and the hole wall and preventing slippage and fracture.

7. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow path optimization algorithm was introduced to model and analyze the flow behavior of the anchoring agent in the anchor hole, calculate the optimal flow path, and dynamically adjust the grouting parameters to ensure that the anchoring agent is evenly distributed in the complex hole wall structure. The specific steps are as follows: Before grouting begins, the geometry and wall characteristics of the anchor hole are modeled to calculate the initial state of the flow path. The pressure distribution in the local area is calculated based on the flow resistance. The calculation expression is as follows: Where, P local is the local pressure, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the anchoring agent, Q is the flow rate through the area per unit time, r is the radius of the path area, and L is the length of the path segment; According to the local pressure distribution results, the flow path optimization objective function is established, and the optimal flow path is calculated by this function. The optimization objective function is expressed as follows: Where F(r) is the objective function of flow path optimization, x is a segment in the flow path, is the objective function of minimum flow path optimization.

8. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: After determining the optimal flow path, the grouting parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the actual structure of the hole wall to ensure that the anchoring agent can adapt to the irregularities of the hole wall during the flow process. The formula for dynamically adjusted grouting speed is as follows: Where Q adjusted is the adjusted grouting flow rate; Through continuous real-time feedback and updates, the grouting parameters are dynamically optimized to ensure uniform flow and pressure distribution during the grouting process and avoid local excessive solidification or loss. To further improve accuracy, the flow path and grouting speed are continuously adjusted according to the changes in the hole wall structure and the actual flow state to adapt to different geological environments. The global optimization feedback formula is as follows: Where, is the global optimization target, and Q is the flow rate, which reflects the actual flow velocity during the grouting process.

9. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using a curing time matching algorithm, the curing speed of the anchoring agent is intelligently adjusted according to the flow time and temperature changes in different areas to ensure that the anchoring agent in the entire anchor hole is cured synchronously and avoid stress concentration caused by local premature curing. The specific steps are as follows: First, the temperature changes of each area of the anchor hole are monitored in real time through the sensor network to calculate the temperature change rate of each area. The calculation expression is as follows: Where, ΔT region is the temperature change in the region, is the temperature gradient in the anchor hole, y is the axial depth of the anchor hole, y1 is the anchor hole mouth, and y2 is the specified depth; Based on the obtained temperature changes and the temperature sensitivity of the material, the curing speed of each area is calculated. The nonlinear temperature dependence and the dynamic change of the reaction rate constant are introduced. The nonlinear change of the reaction rate at different temperatures is integrated and the calculation expression is as follows: Where V curing (region) is the curing rate of the region, k0 is the basic curing rate at room temperature, β is the influence factor of temperature on the curing reaction rate, e is the natural base, and γ is the nonlinear coefficient of the influence of temperature on the curing rate.

10. The full-length anchoring method of a thixotropic anchoring agent according to claim 9, characterized in that: By comparing with the set target curing time, areas where curing is too fast or too slow are identified. A dynamic adjustment factor and the spatiotemporal distribution function of the target curing speed are introduced to make the adjustment of the curing speed more precise and multi-dimensional. The formula is as follows: Where R adjust is the thixotropic reaction rate that needs to be adjusted, α i is the reaction rate adjustment sensitivity coefficient for region i, V curing (region i ) is the solidification rate of region i, V target is the target curing speed, δ i is the weight factor of region i, N is the total number of regions; Finally, according to the curing speed adjustment results of each area, a global adjustment is performed to ensure that the curing time of all areas is synchronized. The spatiotemporal optimization algorithm of the global reaction rate is introduced to make the global adjustment more efficient. The calculation expression is as follows: Where, ΔR global is the adjustment amount of the global curing reaction rate, λ i is the contribution coefficient of the solidification process of region i to global synchronization, is the regulating factor of region i on global solidification synchronization.

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