Impact cushioning device for a shield machine carrier

Abstract

The application discloses a collision buffering device for a shield machine trolley, which comprises a collision displacement rod, a collapse energy-absorbing component, a friction energy-absorbing component and a hydraulic damper arranged along the axial sequence of the collision displacement rod. The collapse energy-absorbing component comprises a protective sleeve, an extrusion seat and a collapse unit arranged inside the protective sleeve, and the collision displacement rod is fixedly connected with the extrusion seat and penetrates through the collapse unit. The friction energy-absorbing component comprises a fixed friction seat, a friction sleeve, a self-adjusting pressure component and a radially adjustable dynamic friction seat, and the self-adjusting pressure component is driven by the impact force to increase the friction resistance. The hydraulic damper comprises a cylinder, a main piston and an adjustable throttling component, and the buffering is realized by the hydraulic oil flow resistance. The device adopts a three-stage energy-absorbing structure for synergistic effect, the collapse unit absorbs the instantaneous impact, the friction component adaptively adjusts the energy consumption, and the hydraulic damper smoothly brakes, so that the device has the advantages of high buffering efficiency, strong environmental adaptability, convenient maintenance and the like, and is particularly suitable for high-energy collision working conditions of the shield machine trolley, and significantly improves the equipment safety and construction reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of impact buffering devices, in particular to an impact buffering device for a shield machine trolley. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment of tunnel construction, the trolley system of a shield machine needs to be frequently moved and bear complex loads during tunneling. Due to the narrow construction environment and variable geological conditions, the trolley is prone to collide with the tunnel segment, support structure or other equipment during travel or positioning, generating a huge instantaneous impact force. If such impact is not effectively buffered, not only the key components of the shield machine will be damaged, but also serious accidents such as equipment derailment and hydraulic system failure may occur, and even the safety of construction personnel is threatened. Therefore, how to design an efficient and reliable impact buffering device for the trolley of a shield machine has become a technical problem to be solved in the field of tunnel engineering.

[0003] Traditional buffering devices mostly adopt a single energy absorption method, such as hydraulic dampers, friction blocks or metal collapse structures. For hydraulic dampers, their damping characteristics are fixed and difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes of impact loads; for friction blocks, the friction coefficient is unstable under high impact, which may cause a sudden drop in buffering effect; for metal collapse structures, the whole structure needs to be replaced after collapse, which has high maintenance cost and cannot realize multi-stage buffering. In addition, the above-mentioned solutions do not consider the influence of dust and humid environment in tunnel construction on the durability of buffering components, which may easily lead to sealing failure or component jamming after long-term use.

[0004] There are also combined buffering solutions in the prior art, but their energy distribution ratio is fixed and cannot be self-adaptively adjusted according to the impact strength, and there is a lack of coordination mechanism between components, resulting in low energy absorption efficiency. More importantly, the impact force when the shield machine trolley collides often presents a composite feature of "instantaneous peak + sustained load", and the traditional combined buffering device is difficult to realize rapid dissipation of high-peak impact and stable absorption of residual energy due to loose structure and poor linkage, which still has the risk of insufficient buffering or delayed response.

[0005] In addition, the space of the shield machine trolley is limited, and the buffering device is required to have a compact axial layout. The existing multi-stage buffering structure often has an excessively large axial size due to the stacking of components, which is difficult to adapt to the installation requirements of the trolley; while the split design reduces the volume, but the pipeline or connecting structure is complex, which reduces the reliability of the system. In terms of dynamic adjustment, vibration and electromagnetic interference in shield machine construction easily lead to distortion of the sensing signal, and the failure rate of the electric control system in the high-humidity environment of the tunnel is significantly increased. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present application aims to provide a collision buffering device for a shield machine trolley, which solves the problems of low efficiency, poor adaptability and difficult maintenance of conventional buffering devices, and is particularly suitable for high-impact and high-frequency collision working conditions of the shield machine trolley, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of the equipment.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is: a collision buffering device for a shield machine trolley, comprising a collision displacement rod and, sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the collision displacement rod, a collapse energy absorption component, a friction energy absorption component and a hydraulic damper, wherein the collision displacement rod is used to receive the impact force generated when the shield machine trolley collides and move axially.

[0008] The collapse energy absorption component comprises a protective sleeve and an extrusion seat and a collapse unit arranged in the protective sleeve, the collision displacement rod is fixed to the axial center of the extrusion seat and arranged through the axial center of the collapse unit.

[0009] The friction energy absorption component comprises a friction sleeve, a self-adjusting pressure component and a fixed friction seat and a movable friction seat arranged in the friction sleeve and in contact with the inner wall of the friction sleeve, the movable friction seat is slidingly installed in the periphery of the fixed friction seat and arranged in a ring array, the self-adjusting pressure component is assembled into the fixed friction seat and drives the movable friction seat to displace radially along the fixed friction seat, and the collision displacement rod is linked with the self-adjusting pressure component.

[0010] The hydraulic damper comprises a cylinder, a throttling adjusting component and a main piston and a floating piston slidingly installed in the cylinder, the collision displacement rod is fixed to the axial center of the main piston, the throttling adjusting component is assembled into the main piston and the collision displacement rod and adjusts the flow resistance of hydraulic oil on both sides of the main piston.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical scheme, in order to ensure that each buffering component can be stably installed at the possible position of the impact of the shield machine trolley and realize the matching combination of each buffering component, the following technical scheme is provided:

[0012] Further comprising a mounting base and a mounting ring seat, the mounting ring seat is coaxially arranged and fixedly installed on the mounting base, and the protective sleeve, the friction sleeve and the cylinder are sealingly butted and fixedly installed on the mounting ring seat.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical scheme, in order to ensure that the collision displacement rod can stably displace along its own axis and that the outer end of the collision displacement rod can be stably connected with the impact seat, the following technical scheme is provided:

[0014] The outer end of the impact displacement rod is fixedly connected with a connecting seat, a guide rod parallel to the impact displacement rod is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, the guide rod is slidably inserted into the protective sleeve, and a supporting pad seat is detachably fixed to the connecting seat.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical solution, in order to ensure the sealing effect of the protective sleeve and ensure that the collapse unit can be stably installed in the protective sleeve and realize energy absorption in collapse, the following technical solution is provided:

[0016] A sealing end cover is assembled to the outer end of the protective sleeve, the impact displacement rod is slidably installed at the axis of the sealing end cover and is in sealing fit, a supporting pad ring is fixedly connected to the inner end of the protective sleeve and arranged in the protective sleeve, the collapse unit comprises a connecting pad ring and a honeycomb structure fixed to the connecting pad ring, the connecting pad ring is fixedly connected to the supporting pad ring, and a plurality of fracture holes are arranged on the side wall of the honeycomb structure.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, in order to ensure that the self-adjusting pressure assembly and the movable friction seat can be stably assembled in the fixed friction seat and realize the function of adjusting the friction force, the following technical solution is provided:

[0018] An assembly cavity is arranged at the axis of the fixed friction seat, a plurality of annularly arranged accommodating grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the fixed friction seat, the accommodating grooves are connected to the assembly cavity through communication inclined holes, and the movable friction seat is arranged in the accommodating grooves.

[0019] The self-adjusting pressure assembly comprises an action disc, a deformation ring seat and a connecting rod, the assembly cavity is filled with the action disc and the deformation ring seat, the deformation ring seat is fixedly connected to the impact displacement rod in a coaxial manner, the deformation ring seat is arranged on both sides of the action disc, the connecting rod is arranged in the communication inclined hole, and both ends of the connecting rod are hingedly connected to the action disc and the movable friction seat.

[0020] On the basis of the above technical solution, in the process of providing friction resistance by relative displacement of the fixed friction seat, the movable friction seat and the friction sleeve, in order to avoid the debris generated in the friction process from adhering to the impact displacement rod and affecting the stable sliding of the impact displacement rod in the oil cylinder barrel, the following technical solution is provided:

[0021] The friction energy absorption assembly further comprises a protective rubber sleeve sleeved to the periphery of the impact displacement rod and a supporting spring, the supporting spring is arranged inside the protective rubber sleeve, and both ends of the protective rubber sleeve and the supporting spring are connected to the outer end of the oil cylinder barrel and the fixed friction seat.

[0022] On the basis of the above technical solution, in order to ensure the sealing effect of the oil cylinder barrel and further ensure the stable assembly of the main piston and the floating piston, the following technical solution is provided:

[0023] Two ends of the oil cylinder barrel are sealed and equipped with a front end cover and a rear end cover, the front end cover is arranged between the friction sleeve and the oil cylinder barrel, one end of the support spring and the protective rubber sleeve is connected with the front end cover in a matched mode, the impact displacement rod is slidingly inserted into the axis of the front end cover, the main piston is arranged between the front end cover and the floating piston, the front end cover and the floating piston are filled with hydraulic oil, and the rear end cover and the floating piston are filled with high-pressure gas.

[0024] On the basis of the above technical scheme, in order to ensure that the throttling adjusting assembly can be stably assembled in the main piston and adjust the flow state of the hydraulic oil, so as to provide corresponding damping force when impact occurs, the following technical scheme is provided:

[0025] A plurality of groups of front side through holes and rear side through holes are arranged in an annular array on the main piston, the front side through holes and the rear side through holes are respectively connected to the front side end surface and the rear side end surface of the main piston, an adjusting cavity arranged at the axis of the main piston and a plurality of groups of communication holes distributed along the radial direction of the main piston are further arranged in the main piston, the communication holes are in communication with the front side through holes, the rear side through holes and the adjusting cavity, and a tapered variable diameter section arranged between the front side through holes and the rear side through holes is further arranged on the communication holes.

[0026] The throttling adjusting assembly comprises a plunger and an adjusting seat, the plunger is slidingly installed in a plurality of groups of the communication holes, a tapered variable diameter section arranged in the tapered variable diameter section is fixed to the outer side end of the plunger, a wedge-shaped pad A arranged in the adjusting cavity is fixed to the inner side end of the plunger, the adjusting seat is arranged in the adjusting cavity and moves in the axial direction, a plurality of wedge-shaped pads B are fixed to the outer wall of the adjusting seat, and the wedge-shaped pads B are matched and attached to the wedge-shaped pads A at the corresponding positions.

[0027] On the basis of the above technical scheme, in order to ensure that the throttling adjusting assembly can be stably assembled in the impact displacement rod and the convenience of adjusting the throttling adjusting assembly, the following technical scheme is provided:

[0028] The throttling adjusting assembly comprises a telescopic rod, an adjusting screw and an adjusting knob, the telescopic rod is slidingly inserted into the axis of the impact displacement rod, the inner side end and the outer side end of the telescopic rod are coaxially fixed to the adjusting seat and the adjusting screw respectively, and the adjusting knob is rotationally installed at the outer side end of the impact displacement rod and is in rotation connection with the adjusting screw.

[0029] The present application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1. Multi-stage synergistic energy absorption, high buffering efficiency, the collapse energy absorption assembly (honeycomb structure, extrusion seat) absorbs most of the impact energy through plastic deformation in the early stage of collision, effectively reducing the instantaneous peak load; the friction energy absorption assembly (fixed friction seat, dynamic friction seat) adjusts the friction resistance through the self-adjusting pressure assembly, adapts to different impact intensities, and provides stable and continuous buffering; the hydraulic damper (main piston, floating piston, throttle adjusting assembly) further dissipates the remaining impact force by using the flow resistance of hydraulic oil and high-pressure gas compensation, ensuring smooth braking. The three components work together in series, significantly improving the overall buffering efficiency, and can cope with high-energy collisions of the shield machine trolley under complex working conditions.

[0031] 2. Self-adaptive friction resistance adjustment, fast response, the self-adjusting pressure assembly (action disc, deformation ring seat, connecting rod) of the friction energy absorption assembly uses inertia force and material deformation characteristics to automatically push the dynamic friction seat radially outward at the moment of impact, increasing the normal pressure with the friction sleeve, thereby dynamically increasing the friction force without external control to adapt to different impact intensities. Compared with traditional fixed friction coefficient buffering devices, this scheme can match the impact energy in real time, avoiding buffering failure caused by insufficient friction or jam caused by excessive friction.

[0032] 3. Adjustable hydraulic damping, strong applicability, the throttle adjusting assembly (plunger, conical variable diameter section, adjusting knob) of the hydraulic damper allows the oil flow area to be changed by manually adjusting the knob, thereby flexibly adjusting the damping force to adapt to different trolley weights or collision conditions.

[0033] 4. Compact structure, easy installation, the three components of collapse energy absorption, friction energy absorption and hydraulic damping are coaxially arranged in series, integrated and fixed through the installation base and the installation ring seat, greatly reducing the occupied space and adapting to the narrow installation environment of the shield machine trolley. The components are fixed by flanges and bolts, making it easy to disassemble, maintain and replace the collapse unit (honeycomb structure), reducing the cost of use.

[0034] 5. Reliable sealing and protection, suitable for harsh environments, the protective sleeve, friction sleeve and oil cylinder are all designed with full sealing to effectively isolate dust and mud erosion during tunnel construction, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the internal components, and the protective rubber sleeve and supporting spring further protect the impact displacement rod, preventing friction debris from entering the hydraulic damper and prolonging the service life of the device.

[0035] 6. Safe and redundant design, splash-proof and leak-proof, the protective sleeve of the collapse energy absorption assembly can constrain the fragments of the honeycomb structure after collapse, avoiding secondary damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The structure of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0037] Figure 2The internal structure schematic diagram of the application;

[0038] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the collapse energy absorption assembly and the impact displacement rod;

[0039] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the collapse unit;

[0040] Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the friction energy absorption assembly and the impact displacement rod;

[0041] Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the self-adjusting pressure assembly, the fixed friction seat and the movable friction seat;

[0042] Figure 7 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the self-adjusting pressure assembly, the fixed friction seat and the movable friction seat; Figure 6 The structure schematic diagram in the disassembled state;

[0043] Figure 8 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the hydraulic damper and the impact displacement rod;

[0044] Figure 9 The structure schematic diagram of the combination of the hydraulic damper and the impact displacement rod;

[0045] In the figure: 1 impact displacement rod, 11 connecting seat, 12 guide rod, 13 supporting pad seat, 2 collapse energy absorption assembly, 21 protective sleeve, 211 guide sleeve, 212 sealing end cover, 22 extrusion seat, 23 collapse unit, 231 connecting pad ring, 232 honeycomb structure, 233 fracture hole, 3 friction energy absorption assembly, 31 friction sleeve, 32 self-adjusting pressure assembly, 321 action disc, 322 deformation ring seat, 323 connecting rod, 33 fixed friction seat, 331 assembly cavity, 332 containing groove, 333 communication inclined hole, 34 movable friction seat, 35 protective rubber sleeve, 36 supporting spring, 4 hydraulic damper, 41 oil cylinder barrel, 411 front end cover, 412 rear end cover, 421 plunger, 4211 conical diameter adjusting section, 4212 wedge-shaped pad seat A, 4213 supporting ring seat, 4214 reset spring, 422 adjusting seat, 4221 wedge-shaped pad seat B, 423 telescopic rod, 424 adjusting screw, 425 adjusting knob, 4251 containing sleeve, 43 main piston, 431 front through hole, 432 rear through hole, 433 adjusting cavity, 434 communication hole, 435 conical diameter changing section, 436 assembly ring groove, 44 floating piston, 51 mounting base, 52 mounting ring seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 , the impact buffer device for the shield machine trolley comprises an impact displacement rod 1, a collapse energy absorption assembly 2, a friction energy absorption assembly 3 and a hydraulic damper 4 which are sequentially distributed along the axial direction of the impact displacement rod 1, and the impact displacement rod 1 is used for receiving the impact force generated when the shield machine trolley collides and moving axially.

[0049] The collapse energy absorption assembly 2 comprises a protective sleeve 21, an extrusion seat 22 arranged in the protective sleeve 21 and a collapse unit 23, the impact displacement rod 1 is fixed to the axial center of the extrusion seat 22 and arranged through the axial center of the collapse unit 23.

[0050] The friction energy absorption assembly 3 comprises a friction sleeve 31, a self-adjusting pressure assembly 32, a fixed friction seat 33 and a movable friction seat 34 which are arranged in the friction sleeve 31 and in contact with the inner wall of the friction sleeve 31, the movable friction seat 34 is slidingly installed in the periphery of the fixed friction seat 33 and arranged in a ring array, the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 is assembled into the fixed friction seat 33 and drives the movable friction seat 34 to displace radially along the fixed friction seat 33, and the impact displacement rod 1 is linked with the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32.

[0051] The hydraulic damper 4 comprises a cylinder barrel 41, a throttle adjusting assembly, a main piston 43 and a floating piston 44 which are slidingly installed in the cylinder barrel 41, the impact displacement rod 1 is fixed to the axial center of the main piston 43, the throttle adjusting assembly is assembled into the main piston 43 and the impact displacement rod 1 and adjusts the flow resistance of the hydraulic oil on both sides of the main piston 43.

[0052] The outer end of the impact displacement rod 1 is used for connecting an impact seat which directly makes rigid contact when the collision occurs, and the inner end is connected to the main piston 43 of the hydraulic damper 4. When the shield machine trolley fails and a collision accident occurs, the impact seat receives the impact load and transmits it to the impact displacement rod 1, so that the impact displacement rod 1 moves axially.

[0053] The axially moving impact displacement rod 1 can drive the extrusion seat 22 to impact the collapse unit 23, and the collapse unit 23 can absorb energy by deformation and collapse after being impacted to achieve the buffering effect, so that most of the impact force can be eliminated, and the protective sleeve 21 can block and prevent the collapse unit 23 from splashing outward when impacted, thereby ensuring the safety of the shield machine construction site.

[0054] The axially moving impact displacement rod 1 can also drive the fixed friction seat 33 and the movable friction seat 34 to move axially in the friction sleeve 31, and the friction force exerted by the fixed friction seat 33 and the movable friction seat 34 on the friction sleeve 31 can achieve the purpose of buffering the impact force, and the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 can adjust the radial displacement amount of each group of movable friction seats 34 according to the impact force. When the instantaneous impact force is large, the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 can push each group of movable friction seats 34 to move synchronously outward, so as to exert a radial pressure on the movable friction seat 34, thereby increasing the acting friction force between the movable friction seat 34 and the friction sleeve 31.

[0055] The axially moving impact displacement rod 1 can also drive the main piston 43 to move in the oil cylinder barrel 41, and the hydraulic oil filled on both sides of the main piston 43 can move from one side to the other side of the main piston 43 through the throttling adjusting assembly. The flow resistance exerted by the throttling adjusting assembly can adjust the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and generate a damping force, which can act on the main piston 43 and adjust the displacement speed of the main piston 43 to achieve the effect of buffering the impact force.

[0056] The friction energy-absorbing assembly 3 and the hydraulic damper 4 can eliminate part of the impact force, and the three-stage series layout of the collapse energy-absorbing assembly 2, the friction energy-absorbing assembly 3 and the hydraulic damper 4 can fully buffer the strong impact force generated when the trolley collides.

[0057] In addition, it should be noted that the protective sleeve 21, the friction sleeve 31 and the oil cylinder barrel 41 are all sealed designs, which can ensure that the internal components are not affected by the environment during tunnel construction, thereby ensuring that the components can fully exert their performance.

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In order to ensure that each buffering component can be stably installed at the possible impact position of the shield machine trolley, and to realize the matching combination of each buffering component, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0060] The installation base 51 and the installation ring seat 52 are coaxially arranged and fixedly installed on the installation base 51, and the protective sleeve 21, the friction sleeve 31 and the oil cylinder barrel 41 are sealingly connected and fixedly installed in the installation ring seat 52.

[0061] The mounting base 51 can be fixedly installed at the impact prone position of the shield tunneling machine trolley by bolting or welding, and the mounting ring base 52 is spliced in two sections, combined by bolting, and flanges are arranged at the end portions of the protective sleeve 21, the friction sleeve 31 and the oil cylinder barrel 41 to abut against the mounting ring base 52, so that stable installation on the mounting ring base 52 can be achieved, and the mounting ring base 52 is also installed on the mounting base 51 by bolting.

[0062] To ensure that the impact displacement rod 1 can stably displace along its own axis and that the outer end of the impact displacement rod 1 can be stably connected with the impact seat, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0063] The outer end of the impact displacement rod 1 is fixedly connected with a connecting seat 11, the connecting seat 11 is fixedly connected with a guide rod 12 parallel to the impact displacement rod 1, the guide rod 12 is slidably inserted into the protective sleeve 21, and the connecting seat 11 is fixedly connected with a support pad seat 13 in a detachable manner.

[0064] A guide sleeve 211 is welded on the flange arranged at the outer end of the protective sleeve 21, the guide sleeve 211 can be slidably inserted into the guide rod 12, so that the impact displacement rod 1 can stably move along its own axis when bearing impact load.

[0065] The support pad seat 13 is fixedly combined with the connecting seat 11 by bolting, and is connected with the impact seat by any of welding, hinging and bolting, so that the impact seat can be stably installed at the outer end of the impact displacement rod 1.

[0066] Embodiment 3

[0067] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 To ensure the sealing effect of the protective sleeve 21 and ensure that the collapse unit 23 can be stably installed in the protective sleeve 21 and achieve energy absorption in collapse, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0068] A sealing end cover 212 is assembled at the outer end of the protective sleeve 21, the impact displacement rod 1 is slidably installed at the axis of the sealing end cover 212 and is in sealing contact; a support pad ring is fixedly connected at the inner end of the protective sleeve 21, the collapse unit 23 includes a connecting pad ring 231 and a honeycomb structure 232 fixedly connected to the connecting pad ring 231, the connecting pad ring 231 is fixedly connected with the support pad ring, and the side wall of the honeycomb structure 232 is provided with uniformly arranged fracture holes 233.

[0069] The sealing end cover 212 is arranged to ensure the sealing effect of the protective sleeve 21, and the guide rod 12 is also arranged through the sealing end cover 212. The support pad ring is provided with a triangular reinforcing structure, which can realize stable support of the collapse unit 23, and is fixed by bolt fixation with the connecting pad ring 231, facilitating overall replacement of the collapse unit 23 after impact occurs.

[0070] The honeycomb structure 232 can be broken along the position of the fracture hole 233 when the extrusion seat 22 is impacted, thereby realizing energy absorption by collapse, and the protective sleeve 21 can effectively prevent the broken honeycomb structure 232 from splashing outward.

[0071] Embodiment 4

[0072] Please refer to Figure 2 、 Figures 5-7 In order to ensure that the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 and the dynamic friction seat 34 can be stably assembled in the fixed friction seat 33 and realize the function of adjusting the friction force, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0073] The fixed friction seat 33 is provided with an assembly cavity 331 at the shaft center, and the outer wall of the fixed friction seat 33 is provided with a plurality of annularly arranged accommodation grooves 332, the accommodation grooves 332 are connected with the assembly cavity 331 through communication inclined holes 333, and the dynamic friction seat 34 is arranged in the accommodation grooves 332.

[0074] The self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 includes an action disc 321, a deformation ring seat 322, and a connecting rod 323, the assembly cavity 331 is filled with the action disc 321 and the deformation ring seat 322, the deformation ring seat 322 is coaxially fixed with the impact displacement rod 1, the deformation ring seat 322 is arranged on both sides of the action disc 321, the connecting rod 323 is arranged in the communication inclined hole 333, and the two ends of the connecting rod 323 are respectively hinged with the action disc 321 and the dynamic friction seat 34.

[0075] The design of the assembly cavity 331, the accommodation grooves 332, and the communication inclined holes 333 can ensure that the self-adjusting pressure assembly 32 and the dynamic friction seat 34 are stably assembled in the fixed friction seat 33.

[0076] When the impact displacement rod 1 bears a large instantaneous impact load, under the combined action of inertia and the deformation ring seat 322, the deformation ring seat 322 on the corresponding side can be deformed by a certain amount by the action disc 321, thereby causing the action disc 321 and the fixed friction seat 33 to tend to relatively displace, and each group of dynamic friction seats 34 tends to move outward by a certain displacement amount by the action disc 321 through each group of connecting rods 323, so as to increase the normal pressure of the fixed friction seat 33 acting on the friction sleeve 31, thereby increasing the friction force when the two relatively move.

[0077] When the impact displacement rod 1 continuously bears the impact load, the fixed friction seat 33 and the movable friction seat 34 are pushed to move in the friction sleeve 31 through the action of the action disc 321 and the deformation ring seat 322, and the continuous friction energy absorption is realized through the action of the friction sleeve 31, the fixed friction seat 33 and the movable friction seat 34.

[0078] In the process of providing friction resistance by the relative displacement of the fixed friction seat 33, the movable friction seat 34 and the friction sleeve 31, in order to avoid the attachment of debris generated in the friction process to the impact displacement rod 1, affecting the stable sliding of the impact displacement rod 1 in the oil cylinder barrel 41, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0079] The friction energy absorption assembly 3 further comprises a protective rubber sleeve 35 and a supporting spring 36, the supporting spring 36 is arranged inside the protective rubber sleeve 35, and the two ends of the protective rubber sleeve 35 and the supporting spring 36 are respectively connected with the outer side end of the oil cylinder barrel 41 and the fixed friction seat 33.

[0080] The end of the protective rubber sleeve 35 is fixedly connected with the outer side end of the oil cylinder barrel 41 and the fixed friction seat 33, the fixed friction seat 33 can be retracted when moving, and the impact displacement rod 1 inside the fixed friction seat 33 is always protected stably. The supporting spring 36 arranged can also absorb part of the impact load in the compression process.

[0081] It should be noted that the inner cavities of the protective sleeve 21 and the friction sleeve 31 are in a sealed state and are in a normal pressure or a certain value of high pressure state, when the impact occurs, the moving extrusion seat 22 and the fixed friction seat 33 can compress the gas filled therein, and can also generate a certain damping force to resist the impact load.

[0082] Embodiment 5

[0083] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 In order to ensure the sealing effect of the oil cylinder barrel 41, and to ensure the stable assembly of the main piston 43 and the floating piston 44, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0084] The two ends of the oil cylinder barrel 41 are sealingly assembled with a front end cover 411 and a rear end cover 412, the front end cover 411 is arranged between the friction sleeve 31 and the oil cylinder barrel 41, one end of the supporting spring 36 and the protective rubber sleeve 35 is connected with the front end cover 411, the impact displacement rod 1 is slidingly inserted into the shaft center of the front end cover 411, the main piston 43 is arranged between the front end cover 411 and the floating piston 44, the front end cover 411 and the floating piston 44 are filled with hydraulic oil, and the rear end cover 412 and the floating piston 44 are filled with high-pressure gas.

[0085] The front end cover 411 and the rear end cover 412 are arranged to ensure the sealing effect of the oil cylinder barrel 41, thereby ensuring that the hydraulic oil and the high-pressure gas are stably filled therein to avoid leakage, and the front end cover 411 can also ensure the stable installation of the supporting spring 36 and the protective rubber sleeve 35.

[0086] When the impact occurs, the impact displacement rod 1 drives the main piston 43 to move from the side of the front end cover 411 to the side of the rear end cover 412, at this time, the hydraulic oil at the rear side of the main piston 43 flows to the front side through the throttling adjusting assembly, the flow rate of the oil increases and the pressure decreases, and part of the energy is converted into heat due to turbulence and friction, thereby realizing the conversion of kinetic energy into heat energy and forming a damping force that hinders the movement, so as to realize the buffering effect on the shield machine carrier.

[0087] The floating piston 44 is filled with high-pressure nitrogen at the rear side, and when the main piston 43 moves, the volume of the hydraulic oil will fluctuate slightly due to temperature change or compressibility. The floating piston 44 balances these changes by compression or expansion of the gas chamber to maintain stable system pressure. It can also prevent cavitation (cavitation) caused by negative pressure due to rapid movement of hydraulic oil, thereby protecting the internal structure of the damper.

[0088] To ensure that the throttling adjusting assembly can be stably assembled in the main piston 43 and realize the adjustment of the flow state of the hydraulic oil, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0089] A plurality of groups of front side through holes 431 and rear side through holes 432 are arranged in an annular array on the main piston 43, the front side through holes 431 and the rear side through holes 432 are respectively connected to the front end face and the rear end face of the main piston 43, the main piston 43 is also provided with an adjusting cavity 433 arranged at the axial center of the main piston 43 and a plurality of groups of communication holes 434 distributed along the radial direction of the main piston 43, the communication holes 434 are in communication with the front side through holes 431, the rear side through holes 432 and the adjusting cavity 433, and a tapered variable diameter section 435 arranged between the front side through holes 431 and the rear side through holes 432 is further arranged on the communication holes 434.

[0090] The throttling adjusting assembly includes a plunger 421 and an adjusting seat 422, the plunger 421 includes a plurality of groups of plunger 421 slidably installed in the communication holes 434, the outer side end of the plunger 421 is fixedly connected with a tapered variable diameter section 4211 arranged in the tapered variable diameter section 435, the inner side end of the plunger 421 is fixedly connected with a wedge-shaped pad B 4212 arranged in the adjusting cavity 433, the adjusting seat 422 is arranged in the adjusting cavity 433 and moves in the axial direction, and the outer wall of the adjusting seat 422 is fixedly connected with a plurality of groups of wedge-shaped pads B 4221, and the wedge-shaped pads B 4221 are matched and fitted with the wedge-shaped pads A 4212 at the corresponding positions.

[0091] The front side through hole 431, the rear side through hole 432, the communication hole 434 and the taper variable diameter section 435 arranged thereon form a passage, when the impact occurs and the main piston 43 moves to the side of the rear end cover 412, the hydraulic oil flows from the side of the rear side through hole 432 to the side of the front end cover 411 along the taper variable diameter section 435 arranged on the communication hole 434, the front side through hole 431.

[0092] The extension and retraction amount of the plunger 421 in the communication hole 434 is adjusted by adjusting the axial position of the adjusting seat 422 in the adjusting cavity 433, so that the taper variable diameter section 4211 and the taper variable diameter section 435 form a passage with a specific cross-sectional area, thereby adjusting the flow state of the hydraulic oil and the damping force.

[0093] The communication hole 434 is also provided with an assembly ring groove 436 arranged between the front side through hole 431 and the adjusting cavity 433, the plunger 421 is fixedly connected with a support ring seat 4213 arranged in the assembly groove, and a return spring 4214 arranged in the assembly groove is sleeved on the periphery of the plunger 421, the two ends of the return spring 4214 respectively abut against the end wall of the assembly ring groove 436 and the support ring seat 4213, and the return spring 4214 applies a force to the plunger 421 through the support ring seat 4213, so as to ensure that the wedge-shaped pad seat A 4212 and the wedge-shaped pad seat B 4221 always tightly fit.

[0094] In order to ensure that the throttle adjusting assembly can be stably assembled in the impact displacement rod 1 and to realize the convenience of adjusting the throttle adjusting assembly, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0095] The throttle adjusting assembly comprises a telescopic rod 423, an adjusting screw 424 and an adjusting knob 425, the telescopic rod 423 is slidingly inserted into the shaft center of the impact displacement rod 1, the inner side end and the outer side end of the telescopic rod 423 are coaxially fixedly connected with the adjusting seat 422 and the adjusting screw 424 respectively, and the adjusting knob 425 is rotationally installed to the outer side end of the impact displacement rod 1 and is rotationally connected with the adjusting screw 424.

[0096] The adjusting knob 425 is specifically installed to the connecting seat 11, and a containing sleeve 4251 for containing the adjusting screw 424 is further fixedly connected to the shaft center of the adjusting knob 425, so as to avoid that the adjusting screw 424 is exposed to the environment.

[0097] Through the rotation of the adjusting knob 425, the adjusting screw 424, the telescopic rod 423 and the adjusting seat 422 can be driven to move axially, and then the synchronous adjustment of the position and posture of each group of plungers 421 can be realized under the cooperation of the wedge-shaped pad seat A 4212 and the wedge-shaped pad seat B 4221.

[0098] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments and can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims concerned.

[0099] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the description is made on the basis of the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description is made in this way only for the sake of clarity, and a person skilled in the art should consider the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that can be understood by a person skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo, characterised in that: The application relates to a shield tunneling machine impact displacement rod (1) and an axial sequence distribution of a collapse energy absorption component (2), a friction energy absorption component (3) and a hydraulic damper (4) along the impact displacement rod (1), wherein the impact displacement rod (1) is used for receiving impact force generated when a shield tunneling machine trolley collides and moving axially. The collapse energy absorption component (2) comprises a protective sleeve (21), an extrusion seat (22) arranged in the protective sleeve (21) and a collapse unit (23), the impact displacement rod (1) is fixed to the axis of the extrusion seat (22) and penetrates the axis of the collapse unit (23). The friction energy absorption component (3) comprises a friction sleeve (31), a self-adjusting pressure component (32), a fixed friction seat (33) and a movable friction seat (34) arranged in the friction sleeve (31) and in contact with the inner wall of the friction sleeve (31), the movable friction seat (34) is slidingly installed in the periphery of the fixed friction seat (33) and is arranged in a ring array, the self-adjusting pressure component (32) is assembled into the fixed friction seat (33) and drives the movable friction seat (34) to displace radially along the fixed friction seat (33), and the impact displacement rod (1) is linked with the self-adjusting pressure component (32). The self-adjusting pressure component (32) comprises an action disc (321), a deformation ring seat (322) and a connecting rod (323), the deformation ring seat (322) is coaxially fixed with the impact displacement rod (1), the deformation ring seat (322) is arranged on both sides of the action disc (321), and the two ends of the connecting rod (323) are hingedly connected with the action disc (321) and the movable friction seat (34) respectively. The hydraulic damper (4) comprises a cylinder barrel (41), a throttle adjusting component, a main piston (43) and a floating piston (44) slidingly installed in the cylinder barrel (41), the impact displacement rod (1) is fixedly connected with the axis of the main piston (43), and the throttle adjusting component is assembled into the main piston (43) and the impact displacement rod (1) and adjusts the flow resistance of hydraulic oil on both sides of the main piston (43). A plurality of front side through holes (431) and rear side through holes (432) arranged in a ring array are formed in the main piston (43), an adjusting cavity (433) arranged at the axis of the main piston (43) and a plurality of communication holes (434) distributed radially along the main piston (43) are further formed in the main piston (43), and a tapered variable diameter section (435) arranged between the front side through hole (431) and the rear side through hole (432) is further arranged on the communication hole (434). The throttle adjusting assembly comprises a plunger (421) and an adjusting seat (422), the plunger (421) comprises multiple groups slidingly installed into the corresponding groups of the communication holes (434), the outer end of the plunger (421) is fixedly connected with a conical adjusting section (4211) arranged in the conical variable-diameter section (435), the inner end of the plunger (421) is fixedly connected with a wedge-shaped pad seat A (4212) arranged in the adjusting cavity (433), the adjusting seat (422) is arranged in the adjusting cavity (433) and moves in the axial direction, the outer wall of the adjusting seat (422) is fixedly connected with multiple groups of wedge-shaped pad seats B (4221), and the wedge-shaped pad seats B (4221) are matched and attached to the wedge-shaped pad seats A (4212) at the corresponding positions.

2. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: Further comprising a mounting base (51) and a mounting ring seat (52), the mounting ring seat (52) is coaxially arranged and fixedly mounted to the mounting base (51), and the protective sleeve (21), the friction sleeve (31) and the oil cylinder barrel (41) are sealingly connected and fixedly mounted to the mounting ring seat (52).

3. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the impact displacement rod (1) is fixedly connected with a connecting seat (11), the connecting seat (11) is fixedly connected with a guide rod (12) parallel to the impact displacement rod (1), the guide rod (12) is slidingly inserted into the protective sleeve (21), and the connecting seat (11) is detachably fixedly connected with a supporting pad seat (13).

4. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the protective sleeve (21) is provided with a sealing end cover (212), the impact displacement rod (1) is slidingly installed at the axis of the sealing end cover (212) and sealingly attached, the inner end of the protective sleeve (21) is fixedly connected with a supporting pad ring arranged in the protective sleeve (21), the collapse unit (23) comprises a connecting pad ring (231) and a honeycomb structure (232) fixedly connected to the connecting pad ring (231), the connecting pad ring (231) is fixedly connected with the supporting pad ring, and the side wall of the honeycomb structure (232) is provided with uniformly arranged fracture holes (233).

5. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the fixed friction seat (33) is provided with an assembly cavity (331), the outer wall of the fixed friction seat (33) is provided with a plurality of annularly arranged accommodating grooves (332), the accommodating grooves (332) are connected with the assembly cavity (331) through communication inclined holes (333), and the movable friction seat (34) is arranged in the accommodating grooves (332). The assembly cavity (331) is filled with the action disc (321) and the deformed ring seat (322), and the communication inclined hole (333) is arranged with the connecting rod (323).

6. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction energy-absorbing assembly (3) further comprises a protective rubber sleeve (35) sleeved to the periphery of the impact displacement rod (1) and a supporting spring (36), the supporting spring (36) is arranged inside the protective rubber sleeve (35), and the two ends of the protective rubber sleeve (35) and the supporting spring (36) are respectively connected with the outer end of the oil cylinder barrel (41) and the fixed friction seat (33).

7. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 6, characterized in that: The oil cylinder barrel (41) is sealed at both ends and is equipped with a front end cover (411) and a rear end cover (412). The front end cover (411) is arranged between the friction sleeve (31) and the oil cylinder barrel (41). One end of the support spring (36) and the protective rubber sleeve (35) is connected to the front end cover (411). The impact displacement rod (1) is slidingly inserted into the shaft center of the front end cover (411). The main piston (43) is arranged between the front end cover (411) and the floating piston (44). The front end cover (411) and the floating piston (44) are filled with hydraulic oil. The rear end cover (412) and the floating piston (44) are filled with high-pressure gas.

8. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front through hole (431) and the rear through hole (432) are respectively communicated to the front end face and the rear end face of the main piston (43). The communication hole (434) is in communication with the front through hole (431), the rear through hole (432), and the adjusting cavity (433).

9. The impact cushioning device for a shield machine jumbo according to claim 8, characterized in that: The throttling adjusting assembly includes a telescopic rod (423), an adjusting screw (424), and an adjusting knob (425). The telescopic rod (423) is slidingly inserted into the shaft center of the impact displacement rod (1). The inner side end and the outer side end of the telescopic rod (423) are coaxially fixed to the adjusting seat (422) and the adjusting screw (424), respectively. The adjusting knob (425) is rotationally installed to the outer side end of the impact displacement rod (1) and is in rotation connection with the adjusting screw (424).

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