Power distribution network layered and scale-based network tracking / constructing reactive power control method and system considering voltage regulation sensitivity

Abstract

The invention provides a power distribution network layered and scale-based network tracking / constructing reactive power control method and system considering voltage regulation sensitivity. The control method comprises the following steps: acquiring load disturbance information of a power distribution network; based on the load disturbance information and the associated power distribution network voltage regulation area, determining a reactive compensation control equipment type corresponding to the load disturbance information in the power distribution network voltage regulation area; obtaining an optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the power distribution network; based on the reactive power compensation control equipment type and the reactive power compensation capacity result, determining optimal reactive power compensation control equipment and reactive power compensation capacity thereof; and performing reactive compensation on the power distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control equipment and the reactive compensation capacity thereof. According to the control method, optimal reactive compensation under corresponding load disturbance information can be realized, and the performance of voltage regulation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of distribution network control, and relates to a distribution network reactive power control method, and in particular to a distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method and system taking voltage regulation sensitivity into account. Background Art

[0002] In the field of voltage and reactive power optimization in distribution networks, the differentiated configuration and coordinated control of reactive compensation equipment are key technical means to ensure system voltage stability. Existing reactive compensation equipment can be divided into two categories based on control characteristics: grid-following and grid-forming. These include clusters of equipment with different technical forms, such as thyristor switched capacitors (TSCs), static VAR compensators (SVGs), and static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs). Various types of equipment show significant differences in voltage regulation capability: grid-following equipment has fast dynamic response characteristics but limited voltage regulation capacity, while grid-forming equipment has strong voltage support capabilities but relatively slow dynamic response. In terms of time scale characteristics, traditional capacitor banks exhibit slow regulation characteristics at the hour level, while power electronic equipment has fast response capabilities at the minute level.

[0003] Current reactive power-voltage control strategies face three technical bottlenecks: First, existing equipment selection and configuration lack a quantitative assessment of voltage regulation sensitivity, making it difficult to match the differentiated voltage regulation accuracy and amplitude requirements under different disturbance scenarios. Second, control strategies lack a multi-timescale coordination mechanism, resulting in a timing mismatch between hourly planned regulation and minute-by-minute dynamic compensation. Third, the coordination mechanism for grid-based and network-based devices is unclear, leading to reactive power conflicts or wasted regulation margin between devices. Existing research often employs centralized optimization methods with a single timescale. While these methods consider device operating constraints, they fail to decouple the control timing of devices with different response speeds. Some control strategies, while incorporating hierarchical control concepts, fail to establish a mapping between voltage regulation sensitivity and timescale, making it difficult to achieve refined coordination.

[0004] These deficiencies lead to two operational difficulties for distribution networks: Under steady-state conditions, the frequent operation of slow-speed equipment shortens its service life; in transient disturbance scenarios, fast-speed equipment prematurely exhausts its regulation margin, weakening the system's dynamic support capabilities. Especially with a high proportion of distributed generation connected, voltage fluctuations exhibit multi-timescale coupling characteristics, making traditional control models unable to meet the multi-level coordination requirements across multiple timescales. Therefore, a new control architecture is urgently needed that integrates voltage regulation capability assessment, multi-timescale hierarchical decoupling, and coordination between grid-connected and network-building devices to achieve hierarchical and partitioned optimal utilization of reactive resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / networking reactive power control method and system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve the optimal effect of actual distribution network reactive power-voltage regulation efficiency and control effect.

[0006] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / networking reactive power control method taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, which is applied to a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / networking reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity. The control method includes: obtaining load disturbance information of the distribution network; based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determining the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area; based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network, obtaining its optimized reactive compensation capacity result; based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result, determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity; and performing reactive compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity.

[0007] By determining the type of reactive compensation control equipment according to the load disturbance information, and determining the optimal reactive compensation control equipment and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control equipment type and reactive compensation capacity results, it is possible to achieve optimal reactive compensation under the corresponding load disturbance information and improve the efficiency and accuracy of voltage regulation.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the real-time reactive voltage optimization model includes a low-speed hourly objective function, a medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and a high-speed minute-level objective function. The low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function are expressed as:

[0009]

[0010] Among them, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, U i (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t, K represents the total number of nodes in the distribution network, R ij represents the line resistance between distribution network node i and node j, U i,h (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the low-speed hourly distribution network, It represents the fixed reactive power injected into the node i of the distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref(t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour distribution network, represents the dynamic reactive power injected by node i in the distribution network at any time t, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive compensation control devices, and U i,m (t) represents the voltage of node i in the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of the distribution network node i set at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network

[0011] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the real-time reactive voltage optimization model further includes reactive voltage constraints of the low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function, and the constraints are expressed as:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, U i,h,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,q,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,m,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, a reduction in load on the entire network, a sudden increase in load at a node, an increase in load on the entire network, or a random change in load. The voltage regulation area of the distribution network is: a lower limit area, a nominal area, or an upper limit area. The reactive compensation control device type is a grid-following control type or a grid-forming control type.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, an implementation method for determining the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area includes: when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, determining that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the following grid type control type and the networking type control type respectively; when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the load of the entire network, determining that the load disturbance information is in the lower limit area and the upper limit area. The reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type respectively; when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in the load of a certain node, it is determined that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type respectively; when the load disturbance information is an increase in the load of the entire network, it is determined that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type respectively.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result, the method for determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity includes: when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, determining that the optimal reactive compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are respectively the following type SVG, TSC, and the networking type SVG; when the load disturbance information is a decrease in the load of the entire network, determining that the optimal reactive compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are respectively the following type SVG, TSC, and the networking type SVG; when the load disturbance information is a sudden increase in load at a node, Determine that the optimal reactive compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are respectively the meshing type SVG, TSC and grid-following type SVG; when the load disturbance information is an increase in the load of the entire network, determine that the optimal reactive compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are respectively the meshing type SVG, TSC and grid-following type SVG; based on the reactive compensation capacity result, determine that the reactive compensation capacities corresponding to the optimal reactive compensation control device in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are respectively the reactive compensation capacity result of the high-speed minute level, the reactive compensation capacity results of the low-speed hour level and the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the reactive compensation capacity result of the high-speed minute level.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reactive compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive compensation control device ish Expressed as:

[0018]

[0019] Where E is the outlet voltage of the reactive compensation control device, U is the node voltage of the distribution network, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive compensation control device is located, θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch of the reactive compensation control device, ΔU h It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the hourly time scale, Q h Indicates the reactive compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive compensation control equipment.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed quarter-hour reactive compensation control device is h,q Expressed as:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, ΔU q It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the scale time scale, Q h,q Indicates the reactive compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed quarter-hour reactive compensation control equipment.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the reactive compensation capacity Q generated / absorbed by the high-speed minute-level reactive compensation control device is h,q,m Expressed as:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, ΔU m It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the minute time scale, Q h,q,m Indicates the reactive compensation capacity generated / absorbed by high-speed minute-level reactive compensation control equipment.

[0026] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / networking reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, including: an information acquisition module for acquiring load disturbance information of the distribution network; a type determination module for determining, based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area; a result acquisition module for acquiring an optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on a real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network; an equipment determination module for determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result; a reactive compensation module for performing reactive compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity.

[0027] As described above, the distribution network layered and scaled tracking / network reactive power control method and system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity described in this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] By determining the type of reactive compensation control device according to the load disturbance information, and determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and reactive compensation capacity results, it is possible to achieve optimal reactive compensation under the corresponding load disturbance information and improve the performance of voltage regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the distribution network structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the reactive power-voltage regulation curve of the distribution network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 3 Shown is a flow chart of a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / forming reactive power control method taking voltage regulation sensitivity into account according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the reactive power compensation capacity of the distribution network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5 Shown is a flowchart of an implementation method of the present disclosure for determining the type of reactive compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area.

[0034] Figure 6 Shown is a flowchart of an implementation method for determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 7 The flowchart of the distribution network layered and scaled tracking / network reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following describes the embodiments of the present disclosure through specific examples. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the content disclosed in this specification. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through different specific embodiments. The details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other unless they conflict.

[0037] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present disclosure and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed at will, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] The principles and implementation methods of the distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method and system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity of the embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained in detail below, so that those skilled in the art can understand the distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method and system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity of the embodiment of the present disclosure without creative work. The distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity may refer to a distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method or a network reactive power control method taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity. The voltage regulation sensitivity may include voltage regulation efficiency and voltage regulation.

[0040] The load scale and distribution of distribution networks change in real time. The load distribution and characteristics of the distribution network at different times, as well as the control methods of various reactive power compensation devices and grid-connected inverters, significantly influence the voltage distribution characteristics of the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate different voltage regulation amplitude and accuracy requirements for different distribution network load disturbance / sudden change operating scenarios. Specifically, the voltage regulation sensitivity of different grid-following and grid-forming control devices should be sorted out and classified to more accurately match and adapt to the reactive power compensation and control requirements of different scenarios, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of voltage regulation.

[0041] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the structure of a power distribution network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power distribution network structure includes two power sources and five nodes. Figure 1A typical reactive power compensation device, SVG (Static Var Generator), is selected and connected to the busbar at node 4. SVG can be controlled either by following the grid or by configuring the grid. GFL (Grid Following Control) exhibits current source characteristics and relies on grid voltage and frequency information, making it more suitable for voltage control in strong grids. GFM (Configuring Grid Control) exhibits voltage source characteristics and does not rely on grid voltage and frequency information, making it more suitable for voltage control in weak grids.

[0042] Figure 2 : is a reactive power-voltage regulation curve of the distribution network according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. Under the auxiliary regulation of SVG, Figure 1 Typical reactive power-voltage regulation curves of distribution network structures are as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, corresponding to different reactive compensation capacities, the distribution network voltage can be divided into three typical voltage regulation areas, including the nominal area, the upper limit area and the lower limit area. The boundary values between the areas can be set according to the distribution network operation characteristics and actual needs. Figure 1 The typical regional boundary value settings of the distribution network structure are shown in Table 1 below, that is, the voltage regulation sensitivity requirements of different voltage regulation areas are shown in Table 1 below.

[0043]

[0044] Table 1

[0045] Each voltage regulation area has different voltage regulation sensitivity (including voltage regulation efficiency and voltage regulation accuracy) requirements. Among them, the voltage regulation efficiency η U Indicates the voltage variation amplitude of the distribution network node under the reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive power compensation device SVG, and the voltage regulation accuracy β U The voltage regulation amplitude, voltage regulation efficiency, and voltage regulation accuracy achieved by the reactive power compensation device SVG at the minimum reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed can be expressed as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Where ΔQ represents the reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, Q represents the reference reactive power regulation capacity of the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, ΔQ / Q represents the unit reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, ΔU represents the voltage change at the distribution network node, U represents the reference voltage at the distribution network node, ΔU / U represents the voltage regulation amplitude at the distribution network node, and η U It represents the voltage variation of the distribution network node when the reactive power compensation equipment of the distribution network node emits / absorbs unit reactive power regulation capacity, ΔQ min It represents the minimum reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node, β UIt indicates the voltage regulation amplitude achieved by the reactive power compensation equipment at the distribution network node under the minimum reactive power regulation capacity emitted / absorbed.

[0048] In the nominal voltage range, the voltage regulation amplitude and accuracy can be set as needed to quickly adjust the voltage to the target value. However, in the lower or upper voltage limits, to prevent voltage overshoot or to more accurately approach the target value, it is usually necessary to minimize the voltage regulation amplitude of the control device and improve the voltage regulation accuracy to minimize the gap between the actual voltage regulation result and the target value.

[0049] The distribution network has several typical load disturbance / sudden change scenarios as shown in Table 2 below.

[0050] Scenario Type Load disturbance / sudden change characteristics Distribution network voltage change characteristics Scenario 1 A sudden drop in load at a node Node and terminal voltage increases Scenario 2 Reduced network load The voltage at the terminal and the entire grid increases Scenario 3 A sudden increase in the load on a node Node and terminal voltage reduction Scenario 4 Increased network load The voltage at the terminal and the entire grid is reduced Scenario 5 Random load changes Random increase and decrease

[0051] Table 2

[0052] By Figure 1 The SVG at midpoint 4 is set to either grid-following control (GFL) or grid-forming control (GFM). GFL exhibits current source characteristics, relying on grid voltage and frequency and unable to provide voltage support on its own. When grid voltage or frequency fluctuates, the grid-following control device may need time to adjust its output to accommodate the grid changes. GFM exhibits voltage source characteristics, autonomously setting voltage parameters and outputting stable voltage and frequency, enhancing the stability of the power system. When the grid voltage fluctuates, it can quickly and proactively support the grid voltage.

[0053] The voltage regulation performance comparison between grid-following control and grid-forming control is shown in Table 3 below:

[0054]

[0055] Table 3

[0056] Taking voltage regulation sensitivity as the main reference indicator, and comprehensively considering the advantages and disadvantages of the two control methods in terms of voltage regulation efficiency and accuracy, voltage regulation economy and adaptability, typical voltage regulation effect tests were carried out for scenarios 1-5. In the test, any one or several nodes were selected, and sudden increases or decreases in node loads or distribution network system loads of different scales (such as ±20kW, ±50kW and ±100kW) were set respectively to achieve temporary increases or decreases in node voltages and overall system voltages of different magnitudes in the distribution network. The voltage regulation effects of the grid-following control SVG and the grid-forming control SVG were then tested respectively. The test results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0057]

[0058] Table 4

[0059] Table 4 shows that the grid-following SVG is more suitable for voltage regulation in the lower limit area of Scenario 1 and 2, and the upper limit area of Scenario 3 and 4. The grid-forming SVG is more suitable for voltage regulation in the lower limit area of Scenario 3 and 4, and the upper limit area of Scenario 1 and 2. For voltage regulation in the nominal area, both grid-following and grid-forming SVGs can be used in Scenarios 1 to 5.

[0060] On the premise of considering the applicable voltage regulation areas of the grid-following control equipment and the grid-forming control equipment, it is also necessary to further determine the specific control equipment according to the voltage regulation sensitivity of different types of grid-following control equipment or grid-forming control equipment. Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for controlling reactive power of a distribution network layered and scaled according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity. Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / forming reactive power control method taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, including:

[0061] S11, obtaining load disturbance information of the distribution network.

[0062] S12: Based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determine the type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area.

[0063] Optionally, the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, a reduction in load on the entire network, a sudden increase in load at a node, an increase in load on the entire network, or a random change in load. The voltage regulation area of the distribution network is: a lower limit area, a nominal area, or an upper limit area. The voltage regulation time scale is an hourly scale, a quarter-hour scale, or a minute scale.

[0064] Optionally, the reactive compensation control device type may be a grid-following control type or a grid-forming control type.

[0065] S13: Obtain an optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network. Optionally, the method for obtaining the optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network includes: solving the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network according to specific equipment under the reactive compensation control type to obtain the reactive compensation capacity result.

[0066] S14: Determine an optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result.

[0067] Optionally, the optimal reactive power compensation control device may refer to a specific device for performing optimal reactive power compensation based on the load disturbance information. The optimal reactive power compensation control device may be selected from a plurality of devices under the reactive power compensation control device type.

[0068] S15: Perform reactive power compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0069] Optionally, performing reactive compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity may refer to the optimal reactive compensation control device performing reactive compensation on the distribution network according to the configured reactive compensation capacity.

[0070] Optionally, Figure 3 It is an electrical branch showing the access of the distribution network node to the reactive compensation control device in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The hourly scale, the quarter-hourly scale and the minute-level scale correspond to three reactive compensation adjustment speeds: low-speed compensation adjustment, medium-speed compensation adjustment and high-speed compensation adjustment, respectively. The reactive compensation and adjustment amplitude of the low-speed-hourly scale is large, but the adjustment speed is slow. It usually takes more than 1 hour for one adjustment, and the adjustment accuracy is not high. The adjustment error is usually around ±5%. It belongs to the coarse adjustment method. It is mainly aimed at the reactive compensation and overall voltage adjustment scenarios of the overall distribution network system. The reactive control of the low-speed-hourly scale is set as the first layer of reactive control. This control layer is suitable for large-capacity, coarse-adjustment reactive compensation control equipment. The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the reactive compensation control equipment in this control layer is h It can be expressed as:

[0071]

[0072] Where, E is the outlet voltage of the reactive compensation control device, U is the node voltage of the distribution network, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive compensation control device is located, and θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch of the reactive compensation control device. ΔU h It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the hourly time scale, Q h Represents the reactive compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive compensation control device. h includes all quarter-hours within the hour scale. That is, h = {q1,q2,q3,q4}, where q1 to q4 represent the first to fourth quarter-hours within the hour scale, respectively.

[0073] The reactive compensation and adjustment amplitude of the medium-speed-quarter-hour (15-minute) scale is smaller than the low-speed compensation adjustment of the hourly scale. It is of medium size, but its adjustment speed and adjustment accuracy are higher than the compensation adjustment of the low-speed-hourly scale. Its adjustment time is about 15 minutes, and the adjustment error is generally around ±1%. It belongs to the fine adjustment method. The main purpose is to further optimize the reactive compensation capacity within a shorter time range on the basis of coarse adjustment, so as to realize reactive transfer and complementarity between multiple nodes, as well as reactive balance within the region or section. The reactive control of the medium-speed-quarter-hour (15-minute) scale is set as the second layer of reactive control. This control layer is suitable for the use of medium-capacity reactive compensation control equipment. The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the reactive compensation control equipment in this control layer is h,q It can be expressed as:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, ΔU q It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the scale time scale, Q h,q Represents the reactive compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the reactive compensation control equipment at the medium-speed quarter-hour level, q includes all minutes within the quarter-hour scale. That is, q={m1,m2,…,m 15}, m1~m 15 They represent the 1st to 15th minutes within the quarter-hour scale respectively.

[0076] The reactive compensation and regulation amplitude of the high-speed-minute scale is the smallest, but its regulation speed and regulation accuracy are the highest. It usually completes an adjustment within 1 minute, and the regulation error is controlled within ±0.2%. It is mainly used to further accurately correct the compensation capacity in a short time on the basis of the regulation of the low-speed-hour scale and the medium-speed-quarter-hour (15-minute) scale, to improve the compensation and regulation accuracy, and also to support the rapid regulation of node voltage in transient fault scenarios. The reactive control of the high-speed-minute scale is set as the third layer of reactive control. This control layer is suitable for the use of small-capacity, fine-tuned reactive compensation control equipment. The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the reactive compensation control equipment in this control layer is h,q,m It can be expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, ΔU m It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the minute time scale, Q h,q,m Indicates the reactive compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the high-speed minute-level reactive compensation control equipment. In summary, at every minute, the total amount of all layered reactive compensation of the distribution network Q c It can be expressed as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, Q h For example, Q represents the reactive compensation capacity of the first layer at hour h. h,q For example, Q represents the reactive compensation capacity of the second layer at the qth quarter of the hth hour. h,q,m For example, it represents the third-layer reactive compensation capacity at the mth minute of the qth quarter of the hth hour.

[0081] Optionally, the device types used by the low-speed-hour level, the medium-speed-quarter-hour level, and the high-speed-minute level may be the reactive power compensation control device types determined in step S12.

[0082] To balance the requirements for reactive power compensation, regulation speed, and accuracy in different distribution network operating scenarios and achieve optimal reactive power-voltage control for each scenario, this invention utilizes grid-following and grid-forming control devices, represented by grid-following SVGs, grid-forming SVGs, and TSCs (thyristor switched capacitors). TSCs are reactive power compensation and control devices designed for large capacity and coarse regulation, while SVGs are reactive power compensation and control devices designed for small to medium capacity and fine regulation.

[0083] Reactive power-voltage regulation is divided into three levels, each corresponding to the three timescales described above, forming a hierarchical and scaled reactive power system control strategy. Within each level, appropriate reactive power compensation and control equipment is selected and dispatched based on the voltage regulation sensitivity of each device, either emitting or absorbing reactive power. Ultimately, a hierarchical and scaled reactive power coordinated control method for grid-to-grid systems is established, taking voltage regulation sensitivity into account.

[0084] Optionally, the adjustment performance of the low-speed hour level, the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the high-speed minute level may be as shown in Table 5 below:

[0085]

[0086] Table 5

[0087] Optionally, the real-time reactive voltage optimization model is used to keep the voltage deviation of the entire distribution network to a minimum at any time, and to suppress voltage disturbances or over-limits to the greatest extent.

[0088] Optionally, the objective function of the reactive voltage optimization model is:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, F(t) represents the objective function, U i(t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t, U ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of the distribution network node i set at any time t, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, specifically the apparent power between node i and node j at any time t, R ij represents the line resistance between nodes i and j in the distribution network, Q c,i represents the total reactive power compensation capacity of distribution network node i, c i represents the reactive power compensation capacity cost coefficient, which can be specifically the reactive power compensation capacity cost coefficient of distribution network node i, K represents the total number of distribution network nodes, C represents the set of all nodes equipped with reactive power compensation equipment in the distribution network, and α, β, and γ are the weight coefficients for balancing network loss, voltage quality, and reactive power compensation economy, respectively.

[0091] Optionally, the objective function has constraints, and the constraints include:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, P i (t),P S,i (t),P L,i (t) respectively represent the active power injected by the distribution network node i at any time t, the active power emitted by the power supply connected to the node i, and the active power of the load connected to the node i. i (t),Q S,i (t),Q C,i (t),Q L,i (t),Q S,i,res (t) respectively represent the reactive power injected by the distribution network node i at any time t, the reactive power generated by the power supply connected to node i, the reactive power generated by the reactive compensation control device connected to node i, the reactive power of the load connected to node i, and the residual reactive power of the power supply at node i. GFL,i (t),Q GFM,i (t) represent the reactive power generated by the grid-following control device and the grid-forming control device connected to the distribution network node i at any time t. i U (t) represents the apparent power capacity of the distribution network node i at any time t. imin with U imax They represent the minimum lower limit and maximum upper limit of the voltage of distribution network node i respectively.

[0094] Optionally, the objective function based on the reactive voltage optimization model is further decomposed into a low-speed hourly objective function, a medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and a high-speed minute-level objective function. The low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function are expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, specifically the apparent power between node i and node j at any time t, U i (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t, K represents the total number of nodes in the distribution network, R ij represents the line resistance between distribution network node i and node j, U i,h (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the low-speed hourly distribution network, It represents the fixed reactive power injected into the node i of the distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour distribution network, represents the dynamic reactive power injected by node i in the distribution network at any time t, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive compensation control devices, and U i,m (t) represents the voltage of node i in the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of the distribution network node i set at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network. The reactive voltage constraints of the low-speed hour-level objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hour-level objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function are expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, U i,h,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,q,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,m,minIt represents the minimum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t.

[0099] Optionally, the steps of solving the low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function may include: (1) hourly optimization: based on the real-time load capacity of the distribution network, optimize the distribution network transformer taps and fixed capacitor banks, set U i,h The calculation results are transmitted to the medium speed layer. (2) Quarter-hour adjustment: adjust the SVG / SVC output according to the real-time load data. Update U i,q =U i,h +ΔU i,q The set value is passed to the high-speed layer. (3) Minute-level fine-tuning: Use the inverter to quickly respond and adjust Q h,q,m make U i,m Close to U i,q (4) Solution termination criterion: the node voltage deviation of each pole scale meets the constraint range.

[0100] Optionally, the coordination rules are as follows: (1) Bottom-up over-limit trigger: If the high-speed layer voltage U i,m 3 consecutive times exceeding the limit (exceeding U i,min / U i,max ), the medium speed layer is immediately readjusted If the medium-speed layer operates more than 10 times per day, the low-speed layer will be optimized in advance. (2) Top-down reset: After each low-speed layer optimization, the voltage setting values of the medium-speed layer and the high-speed layer are reset to U i,q .

[0101] Optionally, based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network, Figure 1 For the typical distribution network structure shown in Figure 1, the load disturbance / sudden change scenario 2 is selected to calculate and test the optimal reactive power compensation capacity configuration. The iterative calculation steps are as follows:

[0102] First, according to the real-time measurement and regulation requirements of the distribution network system or node, the voltage regulation values at different time scales such as low-speed hour level, medium-speed quarter-hour level and high-speed minute level are determined, and the initial voltage U of each scale is calculated. i,h (0), U i,q (0) and U i,m (0).

[0103] Calculate the reactive compensation capacity Q for each pole size h , Q h,q With Q h,q,m . And it is used as the initial value for iterative calculation to solve the optimal reactive compensation capacity.

[0104] Then, the optimization objective function of reactive voltage and reactive compensation capacity at each pole scale is solved to obtain the node reactive voltage and reactive compensation capacity of the next iteration and enter the next iteration.

[0105] When the node voltage deviation of each pole scale meets the constraints, the iterative calculation is terminated. At this time, the layered and scaled grid-structured network reactive power coordinated control compensation capacity results under different control adjustment times are obtained, as shown in the figure below: Figure 4 shown.

[0106] from Figure 4 It can be seen that each control layer has a different adjustment time scale, adjustment speed and adjustment accuracy, and outputs different scales of reactive compensation capacity in different time periods, so that each control layer is optimized to obtain a dedicated reactive compensation control curve, as well as the total reactive compensation control curve of all control layers at each moment, to meet the reactive compensation and voltage regulation requirements in different cycles and operating scenarios.

[0107] According to the above description, the control method obtains the load disturbance information of the distribution network; based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determines the type of reactive compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area; based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network, obtains its optimized reactive compensation capacity result; based on the reactive compensation control equipment type and the reactive compensation capacity result, determines the optimal reactive compensation control equipment and its reactive compensation capacity; and performs reactive compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control equipment and its reactive compensation capacity.

[0108] By determining the type of reactive compensation control device according to the load disturbance information, and determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and reactive compensation capacity results, it is possible to achieve optimal reactive compensation under the corresponding load disturbance information and improve the performance of voltage regulation.

[0109] Figure 5 This is a flowchart showing an implementation method of the present disclosure for determining the type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area. Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, including:

[0110] S21, when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, determining that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively.

[0111] S22, when the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network is reduced, determining that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively.

[0112] S23, when the load disturbance information indicates a sudden increase in load at a certain node, determining that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively.

[0113] S24, when the load disturbance information indicates an increase in the load of the entire network, determining that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively.

[0114] Optionally, based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determining the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area also includes: when the load disturbance information is a random load change, determining the type of reactive compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the voltage regulation sensitivity requirements.

[0115] Alternatively, it is represented by the following Table 6:

[0116]

[0117] Table 6

[0118] Figure 6 1 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation method of determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining an optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity based on the reactive power compensation control device type and the reactive power compensation capacity result, including:

[0119] S31, when the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, determine that the optimal reactive compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are the grid-following type SVG, TSC (thyristor controlled capacitor) and grid-forming type SVG respectively.

[0120] S32, when the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network is reduced, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are the grid-following type SVG, the TSC, and the grid-forming type SVG, respectively.

[0121] S33, when the load disturbance information indicates a sudden increase in load at a certain node, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are the grid-forming SVG, the TSC, and the grid-following SVG, respectively.

[0122] S34, when the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network has increased, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are the grid-forming SVG, TSC, and grid-following SVG, respectively.

[0123] Optionally, the TSC may be a network-following TSC or a network-building TSC.

[0124] S35, based on the reactive compensation capacity result, determines that the reactive compensation capacities corresponding to the optimal reactive compensation control device in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are respectively the reactive compensation capacity result of the high-speed minute level, the reactive compensation capacity results of the low-speed hour level and the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the reactive compensation capacity result of the high-speed minute level.

[0125] Preferably, the reactive compensation capacity result may be an optimized reactive compensation capacity result obtained by solving the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network according to the optimal reactive compensation control device.

[0126] Optionally, based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determining the type of reactive compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area also includes: when the load disturbance information is a random load change, determining the type of reactive compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the voltage regulation sensitivity requirement, the voltage regulation sensitivity requirement refers to the voltage regulation efficiency requirement and the voltage regulation accuracy requirement, which can be flexibly determined according to actual conditions, and this embodiment does not explicitly limit this.

[0127] Optionally, determining the optimal reactive power compensation control device under different load disturbance information may be as shown in Table 7 below:

[0128]

[0129] Table 7

[0130] The protection scope of the control method described in the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the execution order of the steps listed in this embodiment. All solutions implemented by adding, reducing, or replacing steps in the prior art based on the principles of the present disclosure are included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0131] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing a distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control system taking voltage regulation sensitivity into account according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a distribution network layered and scaled tracking / networking reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, including:

[0132] The information acquisition module is used to obtain load disturbance information of the distribution network.

[0133] The type determination module is used to determine the type of reactive compensation control equipment corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area.

[0134] The result acquisition module is used to obtain the optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network.

[0135] The device determination module is used to determine the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result.

[0136] A reactive power compensation module is used to perform reactive power compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity.

[0137] In the several embodiments provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed devices or methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of modules / units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple modules or units can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0138] Modules / units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as modules / units may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules / units may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the functional modules / units in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into a single processing module, or each module / unit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules / units may be integrated into a single module / unit.

[0139] Those skilled in the art should further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the above description has generally described the composition and steps of each example according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0140] This embodiment provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a memory; a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute Figure 3 The control method shown.

[0141] The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiment can be completed by instructing the processor through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium is a non-transitory medium, such as a random access memory, a read-only memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, a solid-state hard disk, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical disc, and any combination thereof. The above storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (for example, a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid-state disk (SSD)), etc.

[0142] The embodiments of the present disclosure may also provide a computer program product, which includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computing device, the process or function described in the embodiments of the present disclosure is generated in whole or in part. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, or data center to another website, computer, or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method.

[0143] When the computer program product is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method described in the above method embodiment. The computer program product can be a software installation package. When the above method is needed, the computer program product can be downloaded and executed on the computer.

[0144] The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the above figures have different emphases. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain process or structure, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes or structures.

[0145] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed herein shall be covered by the claims of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control method taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, applied to a distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, characterized in that: The control method includes: Obtain load disturbance information of distribution network; Based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, determining the type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area; Based on the real-time reactive power and voltage optimization model of the distribution network, the optimized reactive power compensation capacity results are obtained; Determining an optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result; Reactive compensation is performed on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time reactive voltage optimization model includes a low-speed hourly objective function, a medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and a high-speed minute-level objective function. The low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function are expressed as: Among them, S ij (t) represents the apparent power of the distribution network at any time t, U i (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t, K represents the total number of nodes in the distribution network, R ij represents the line resistance between distribution network node i and node j, U i,h (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the low-speed hourly distribution network, It represents the fixed reactive power injected into the node i of the distribution network at any time t, U i,q (t) represents the voltage of node i in the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of node i set at any time t in the medium-speed quarter-hour distribution network, represents the dynamic reactive power injected by node i in the distribution network at any time t, C represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network equipped with reactive compensation control devices, and U i,m (t) represents the voltage of node i in the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m，ref (t) represents the reference voltage value of the distribution network node i set at any time t in the high-speed minute-level distribution network.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The real-time reactive voltage optimization model further includes reactive voltage constraints of the low-speed hourly objective function, the medium-speed quarter-hourly objective function, and the high-speed minute-level objective function. The constraints are expressed as: Among them, U i,h,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,h,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the low-speed hourly level, U i,q,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,q,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the distribution network at any time t under the medium-speed quarter-hour level, U i,m,min It represents the minimum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t, U i,m,max It represents the maximum node i voltage of the high-speed minute-level distribution network at any time t.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a certain node in the distribution network, a decrease in load on the entire network, a sudden increase in load at a certain node, an increase in load on the entire network, or a random change in load. The voltage regulation area of the distribution network is: a lower limit area, a nominal area, or an upper limit area. The type of reactive compensation control equipment is a grid-following control type or a grid-forming control type.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area, a method for determining the type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area includes: When the load disturbance information is a sudden drop in load at a node in the distribution network, determining that the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively; When the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network is decreasing, determining that the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-following control type and the grid-forming control type, respectively; When the load disturbance information indicates a sudden increase in load at a certain node, determining that the reactive power compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit region and the upper limit region are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively; When the load disturbance information indicates an increase in the load of the entire network, it is determined that the reactive compensation control device types corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area and the upper limit area are the grid-forming control type and the grid-following control type, respectively.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for determining the optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result includes: When the load disturbance information is a sudden load drop at a node in the distribution network, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are respectively a grid-following SVG, a TSC, and a grid-forming SVG; When the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network is decreasing, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are respectively a grid-following SVG, a TSC, and a grid-forming SVG; When the load disturbance information indicates a sudden increase in load at a certain node, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit region, the nominal region, and the upper limit region are a grid-forming SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively; When the load disturbance information indicates that the load of the entire network has increased, determining that the optimal reactive power compensation control devices corresponding to the load disturbance information in the lower limit area, the nominal area, and the upper limit area are a grid-forming SVG, a TSC, and a grid-following SVG, respectively; Based on the reactive compensation capacity results, it is determined that the reactive compensation capacities corresponding to the optimal reactive compensation control device in the lower limit area, the nominal area and the upper limit area are respectively the reactive compensation capacity results of the high-speed minute level, the reactive compensation capacity results of the low-speed hour level and the medium-speed quarter-hour level, and the reactive compensation capacity result of the high-speed minute level.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive compensation control device h Expressed as: Where E is the outlet voltage of the reactive compensation control device, U is the node voltage of the distribution network, X is the reactance of the electrical branch where the reactive compensation control device is located, θ is the power factor angle of the electrical branch of the reactive compensation control device, ΔU h It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the hourly time scale, Q h Indicates the reactive compensation capacity generated / absorbed by the low-speed hourly reactive compensation control equipment.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed quarter-hour reactive compensation control device is h,q Expressed as: Among them, ΔU q It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the scale time scale, Q h,q Indicates the reactive compensation capacity emitted / absorbed by the medium-speed quarter-hour reactive compensation control equipment.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The reactive compensation capacity Q emitted / absorbed by the high-speed minute-level reactive compensation control device h,q,m Expressed as: Among them, ΔU m It represents the voltage regulation value of the distribution network system or node within the minute time scale, Q h,q,m Indicates the reactive compensation capacity generated / absorbed by high-speed minute-level reactive compensation control equipment.

10. A distribution network layered and scaled reactive power control system taking into account voltage regulation sensitivity, characterized in that: include: An information acquisition module is used to obtain load disturbance information of the distribution network; A type determination module is used to determine the type of reactive power compensation control device corresponding to the load disturbance information in the distribution network voltage regulation area based on the load disturbance information and its associated distribution network voltage regulation area; A result acquisition module is used to obtain the optimized reactive compensation capacity result based on the real-time reactive voltage optimization model of the distribution network; an equipment determination module, configured to determine an optimal reactive compensation control device and its reactive compensation capacity based on the reactive compensation control device type and the reactive compensation capacity result; A reactive power compensation module is used to perform reactive power compensation on the distribution network based on the optimal reactive power compensation control device and its reactive power compensation capacity.

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