Road guardrail real-time monitoring device and system based on wireless networking

Abstract

The invention discloses a road guardrail real-time monitoring device and system based on wireless networking, and relates to the technical field of road facility monitoring, the road guardrail real-time monitoring device comprises a cloud data management platform, the cloud data management platform is in communication connection with a guardrail monitoring node module, an edge computing gateway module, an abnormal state alarm module and an operation and maintenance management module, the modules are in electric signal connection; the guardrail monitoring node module is used for planning monitoring nodes in an area to be monitored and deploying guardrail monitors at the monitoring nodes so as to acquire guardrail state data of the monitoring nodes in real time. Through the wireless networking technology, the road guardrail state is monitored in real time, and tiny deformation, abnormal vibration and inclination angle change of the guardrail can be captured in time, so that the real-time performance and accuracy of traffic safety monitoring are improved, and compared with traditional passive inspection, the active sensing mode has the advantages that the traffic safety is improved, and the traffic safety is improved. The labor cost and the leak detection risk are greatly reduced, and a powerful guarantee is provided for road traffic safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway facility monitoring, and in particular to a highway guardrail real-time monitoring device and system based on wireless networking. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of global transportation infrastructure construction and the continuous growth of vehicle ownership, highway traffic safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Highway guardrails, as important facilities for road safety protection, provide physical barriers when vehicles lose control and reduce the damage caused by accidents to people and vehicles. As road traffic volume increases, the incidence of traffic accidents also gradually increases. When accidents such as vehicles losing control or hitting guardrails occur, the integrity and effectiveness of the guardrail structure are directly related to the severity of the accident and its consequences. Therefore, ensuring that the guardrail system can work normally at all times is an important task for traffic safety.

[0003] In the existing technology, guardrails are mostly static structures and cannot actively sense collision events. They can only rely on post-accident inspections to detect damage. There is a response lag, which leads to untimely repairs and may cause secondary accidents. Moreover, with the expansion of highway networks, it is difficult to cover more extensive and remote areas. Therefore, how to combine wireless sensor networks to expand the coverage of highway guardrail monitoring and ensure the real-time monitoring response is the problem to be solved by the present invention. To this end, a highway guardrail real-time monitoring device and system based on wireless networking are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device and system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] In the first aspect, a real-time monitoring device for highway guardrails based on wireless networking is provided, wherein the guardrail monitor has a fixing part fixedly installed on the outer edge surface of the guardrail monitor, and the guardrail monitor is detachably installed in the monitored area of the highway guardrail through the fixing part, and the guardrail monitor internally integrates wireless sensors including deformation sensors, vibration sensors and tilt angle sensors, as well as a Beidou positioning module.

[0007] In a second aspect, a real-time highway guardrail monitoring system based on wireless networking is implemented based on the above-mentioned real-time highway guardrail monitoring device based on wireless networking, including a cloud data management platform, wherein the cloud data management platform is communicatively connected to a guardrail monitoring node module, an edge computing gateway module, an abnormal state alarm module, and an operation and maintenance management module, wherein the modules are electrically connected;

[0008] The cloud data management platform is used to receive and store guardrail status data, supports distributed storage and backup, and provides an API interface to facilitate integration with other traffic management systems (road monitoring platforms), realize centralized data management and sharing, and improve collaborative efficiency;

[0009] The guardrail monitoring node module is used to plan monitoring nodes in the area to be monitored and deploy guardrail monitors at each monitoring node to collect guardrail status data of each monitoring node in real time;

[0010] The edge computing gateway module is used to deploy gateway devices at key nodes of the road section in the monitored area, receive data from the guardrail monitoring node module, integrate it to obtain a guardrail status sequence list, and perform preliminary detection and analysis of abnormal events in combination with preset abnormal thresholds. The data is then transmitted back to the cloud data management platform via 4G / 5G, reducing cloud data pressure, lowering wireless transmission bandwidth requirements, improving system response speed, and ensuring real-time performance.

[0011] The abnormal state alarm module is used to further diagnose whether the guardrail state is abnormal based on the preliminary detection results of abnormal events of the gateway device, and trigger the alarm mechanism to push the alarm information;

[0012] The operation and maintenance management module is used to provide users with an interactive interface, support operation and maintenance personnel to view the status of guardrail monitors in real time, receive alarm information and plan maintenance routes, and integrate AR navigation function to assist in quickly locating fault points on site.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the guardrail monitoring node module includes a data acquisition and processing unit, a positioning unit and a wireless networking communication unit;

[0014] The data acquisition and processing unit is used to collect and pre-process the physical status data of the guardrail using the wireless sensor integrated in the guardrail monitor, so as to fully perceive the health status of the guardrail, realize active perception of the guardrail status, replace traditional passive inspections, and reduce labor costs;

[0015] The positioning unit is used to mark the specific coordinates of the guardrail of each monitoring node using Beidou positioning technology, ensuring that when an abnormality occurs, the location of the guardrail damage can be quickly located, facilitating a quick response by maintenance personnel;

[0016] The wireless networking communication unit is used to build an ad hoc network topology to transmit guardrail status data and specific coordinates of the guardrail, ensure real-time data transmission, expand the monitoring range to remote sections of the road, cover remote or complex terrain areas, solve the problem of traditional wiring difficulties, and reduce deployment costs.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the data acquisition and processing unit specifically includes:

[0018] Based on the analysis of road structure characteristics and accident-prone areas, key monitoring areas are delineated. Using a gridding approach, the monitoring area is divided into independent sub-segments at intervals of 100-200 meters. Monitoring nodes are planned at the geometric center of the sub-segments, and guardrail monitors are deployed at the monitoring nodes, ensuring that the coverage length of each sub-segment does not exceed 1.5 times the effective monitoring radius of the sensor in the guardrail monitor.

[0019] Sending an activation signal to the wireless sensors integrated in the guardrail monitor to collect the guardrail's original physical state data, including deformation, vibration, and tilt angle, in real time according to a preset sampling frequency. The wireless sensors include deformation sensors, vibration sensors, and tilt angle sensors.

[0020] Perform preprocessing operations on the collected raw physical state data, including data cleaning, filtering and normalization.

[0021] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the positioning unit specifically includes:

[0022] The high-precision Beidou positioning module integrated in the guardrail monitor is used to collect the coordinates of each monitoring node;

[0023] Activate the monitoring node positioning function one by one in a preset order, obtain geographic information of latitude, longitude, and elevation in real time, attach a timestamp and node ID as a data packet, and store the data packet in a local database. The data packet is stored in an embedded SQLite database in JSON / XML format to ensure that the data is not lost after a power outage.

[0024] Using the received signal strength (RSSI) and signal-to-noise ratio (C / N0) parameters, we screen out nodes with weak signals (RSSI < -100dBm) or severe obstruction (C / N0 < 25dB-Hz), mark them as abnormal monitoring nodes, mark them as targets to be re-measured, and record the abnormal reasons (insufficient visible satellites, multipath effect) in the log to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the initial coordinates.

[0025] All monitoring nodes are activated uniformly during the low-traffic period in the early morning (02:00-04:00) to reduce interference with other systems. Each monitoring node is independently positioned three times, and the average is taken to reduce random errors. The Euclidean distance between the re-measured coordinates and the initial coordinates is calculated to obtain the displacement deviation. Based on engineering experience and structural safety standards, the static displacement alarm threshold is set at ±5cm, and then a linear regression fit is performed on the displacement data for seven consecutive days. If the slope exceeds ±0.5mm / day, a natural offset warning of the guardrail is triggered.

[0026] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the wireless networking communication unit specifically includes:

[0027] Based on the terrain of the monitoring area and the distribution of monitoring nodes, an ad hoc network topology is automatically constructed. During the initialization phase, each monitoring node broadcasts its own information, including ID, location, and signal strength, receives response data from neighboring monitoring nodes, and establishes a dynamic routing table. Furthermore, each monitoring node selects the optimal path for interconnection based on signal quality, link stability, and remaining power parameters, forming a multi-hop relay network.

[0028] Each monitoring node collects guardrail status data and high-precision positioning coordinates in real time. After local pre-processing, it is encapsulated into a data packet according to a unified protocol (MQTT-SN or CoAP), with a timestamp, node ID, and verification information attached. The data packet adopts a lightweight design, optimizes redundant fields, and reduces transmission overhead. For nodes with weak signals or severe obstruction, the system activates a data caching mechanism and retransmits data in batches after the link is restored, ensuring a balance between data integrity and real-time performance.

[0029] The encapsulated data packets are transmitted step by step to the gateway node through the multi-hop routing mechanism in the self-organizing network topology. The source node selects the next-hop relay node according to the dynamic routing table. After receiving the data, the relay node updates the TTL (time to live) field and forwards it to avoid loops. The gateway node also performs integrity checks on the received data, discards abnormal packets and requests retransmission to ensure data accuracy.

[0030] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the edge computing gateway module specifically includes:

[0031] Deploy LoRaWAN / ZigBee gateway devices at key nodes in the monitoring area to ensure a coverage radius of ≥2km (LoRa) or 50-100m (ZigBee). Receive data packets uploaded by neighboring monitoring nodes through a multi-channel wireless interface (LoRa or ZigBee). Parse the packet header according to the preset protocol (MQTT-SN / CoAP), extract metadata such as node ID, timestamp, and signal strength, verify the CRC checksum to ensure data integrity, and use dynamic decoding tables to restore the original data based on the data formats of different sensors to form a structured data stream.

[0032] Based on the timestamp alignment mechanism, multi-node data are spatially and temporally correlated to construct a guardrail status sequence matrix. The guardrail status sequence matrix integrates positioning coordinates and monitoring indicators, divides time segments using a sliding window technique, and uses a spatial interpolation algorithm to fill in missing node data to ensure sequence continuity. Finally, a guardrail status sequence table containing complete spatiotemporal features is output, where the sliding window size is set to 30 minutes and the step size is 5 minutes.

[0033] By comparing the preset abnormal threshold, the guardrail status is preliminarily detected and analyzed for abnormal events, and abnormal data points that deviate from the abnormal threshold are screened out, which are abnormal guardrail status;

[0034] Based on the filtered abnormal guardrail status data, the time, location and type of the abnormal event are marked, and then the filtered abnormal guardrail status data is compressed into JSON format and transmitted back to the cloud data management platform via 4G / 5G.

[0035] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the abnormal guardrail state includes excessive deformation, abnormal vibration and change in tilt angle;

[0036] Among them, the abnormal threshold of deformation exceeding the limit is divided into warning threshold and alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >15mm, the alarm threshold is >20mm, and the abnormal threshold of vibration abnormality is acceleration >0.8m / s for 10 seconds. 2 ,The abnormal threshold of tilt angle change is divided into a warning threshold and an alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >3°, and the alarm threshold is >5°.

[0037] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the abnormal state alarm module specifically includes:

[0038] Receive preliminary detection results uploaded by the gateway device (including monitoring node ID, timestamp, anomaly type, and original value), aggregate them by monitoring area and time window, and then eliminate isolated anomalies through spatial consistency verification (comparing the fluctuation range of neighboring node data). Use the time series smoothing algorithm to suppress transient noise;

[0039] The abnormal event diagnosis rules are preset. When the same monitoring node triggers the same type of abnormal threshold three times in a row, it is determined to be a real abnormal event. Otherwise, it is marked as a transient fluctuation. Then, valid abnormal events are screened and a standardized abnormal event list is generated.

[0040] Analyze the standardized abnormal event list to further diagnose the guardrail status and match the abnormal guardrail status type;

[0041] Based on the matching results of abnormal guardrail status types, different alarm levels are output. A single abnormal guardrail status type triggers a level one alarm, any two combinations of abnormal guardrail status types trigger a level two alarm, and all abnormal guardrail status types trigger a level three alarm. Through a multi-channel push mechanism, alarm information is synchronously sent to the cloud data management platform to ensure that the information covers key decision-making links. The alarm information includes the location (positioning coordinates), time, type and recommended disposal measures of the abnormal event, forming a closed-loop response mechanism.

[0042] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the operation and maintenance management module specifically includes:

[0043] Provide users with an interactive interface that displays the status information of the guardrail monitor in real time, including location, health status and operating status. It also uses map visualization technology to intuitively display the location and status information of the guardrail monitor. Normal status is marked in green, warning status is marked in yellow, and alarm status is marked in red. Operation and maintenance personnel can quickly browse the overall monitoring status through the interactive interface and click on a specific monitoring node to view detailed information.

[0044] Receive real-time alarm information pushed by the abnormal status alarm module, covering the location (positioning coordinates), time, type and recommended disposal measures of the abnormal event. Alarm information is displayed by level classification. Level 1 alarms are prompted in the form of notifications, level 2 alarms pop up a warning window, and level 3 alarms trigger an audible alarm and flashing prompts. Operation and maintenance personnel can confirm the alarm information and mark the processing status. The system automatically records the processing process to form an alarm processing history;

[0045] Based on alarm information and the geographical distribution of guardrail monitors, maintenance routes are planned. By inputting the location and resource status of available maintenance teams, maintenance routes are automatically generated and graphically displayed on a map. Maintenance task allocation is supported, and task details, including task location, anomaly type, and recommended treatment measures, are pushed to the corresponding maintenance personnel, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0046] When the operation and maintenance personnel arrive near the fault site, the AR navigation function in the operation and maintenance management module is activated to integrate the virtual navigation information with the real scene in real time, and intuitively display the specific location of the fault point, direction guidance and surrounding environment information in the field of view of the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0047] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical advancements compared to the prior art:

[0048] 1. The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device and system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking. Through wireless networking technology, real-time monitoring of the status of highway guardrails is achieved, and slight deformations, abnormal vibrations, and changes in tilt angles of the guardrails can be captured in a timely manner, thereby improving the real-time and accuracy of traffic safety monitoring. Compared with traditional passive inspections, the active sensing method greatly reduces labor costs and the risk of missed inspections, providing a strong guarantee for road traffic safety.

[0049] 2. The present invention provides a real-time monitoring device and system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking. It adopts a wireless networking communication unit to construct a self-organizing network topology structure. It can cover remote sections and complex terrain areas without complicated wiring projects. It not only reduces the deployment cost, but also improves the flexibility and scalability of monitoring, so that more highway guardrails can be effectively monitored for safety. Through the preliminary detection and analysis of the edge computing gateway module and further diagnosis of the abnormal status alarm module, the system can quickly identify and trigger the alarm mechanism, and push abnormal event information to operation and maintenance personnel in real time, which helps to reduce the occurrence of secondary accidents and improve road traffic efficiency and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the system of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the appearance of the guardrail monitor of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the work flow of the abnormal state alarm module of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1. Guardrail monitor; 2. Fixing parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for highway guardrails based on wireless networking, including a guardrail monitor 1. A fixing part 2 is fixedly installed on the outer edge surface of the guardrail monitor 1. The guardrail monitor 1 is detachably installed in the monitored area of the highway guardrail through the fixing part 2. Wireless sensors including a deformation sensor, a vibration sensor, and a tilt angle sensor, as well as a Beidou positioning module are integrated inside the guardrail monitor 1. The guardrail monitor 1 is based on real-time Beidou positioning and is powered by solar energy.

[0057] The present invention also provides a real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking, which is implemented based on a real-time monitoring device for highway guardrails based on wireless networking, including a cloud data management platform, the cloud data management platform is communicatively connected to a guardrail monitoring node module, an edge computing gateway module, an abnormal state alarm module, and an operation and maintenance management module, wherein the modules are electrically connected;

[0058] A cloud-based data management platform is used to receive and store guardrail status data, supports distributed storage and backup, and provides an API interface to facilitate integration with other traffic management systems (road monitoring platforms), enabling centralized data management and sharing, and improving collaborative efficiency.

[0059] The guardrail monitoring node module is used to plan monitoring nodes in the monitored area and deploy guardrail monitors 1 at each monitoring node to collect guardrail status data of each monitoring node in real time. The guardrail monitoring node module includes a data acquisition and processing unit, a positioning unit, and a wireless networking communication unit;

[0060] Among them, the data acquisition and processing unit is used to use the wireless sensor integrated in the guardrail monitor 1 to collect and pre-process the physical status data of the guardrail, so as to fully perceive the health status of the guardrail, realize active perception of the guardrail status, replace traditional passive inspections, and reduce labor costs. Based on the analysis of road structure characteristics and accident-prone points, key monitoring areas are delineated, and a grid method is adopted to divide the monitoring area into independent sub-segments at intervals of 100-200 meters. Monitoring nodes are planned at the geometric center of the sub-segments, and then the guardrail monitor 1 is deployed at the monitoring node to ensure that the coverage length of each sub-segment does not exceed 1.5 times the effective monitoring radius of the sensor in the guardrail monitor 1. An activation signal is sent to the wireless sensor integrated in the guardrail monitor 1 to collect the original physical status data of the guardrail including deformation, vibration and tilt angle in real time according to the preset sampling frequency. Among them, the wireless sensor includes a deformation sensor, a vibration sensor and a tilt angle sensor. The deformation sensor is based on fiber grating technology to achieve a deformation resolution of 0.1mm. The vibration sensor is a MEMS plus The speedometer has a frequency response range of 0.1-500Hz. The tilt angle sensor is a solid-state gyroscope with an accuracy of ±0.05°. The sampling frequency is dynamically adjusted based on traffic flow: 10Hz for daily monitoring, 50Hz during peak traffic hours, and 200Hz for abnormal event triggers. The collected raw physical state data undergoes preprocessing operations, including data cleaning, filtering, and normalization. Data cleaning removes invalid or abnormal data points, filtering eliminates high-frequency noise, and normalization brings the data into a specific range for subsequent analysis. Third-order difference filtering plus sliding window detection is implemented to identify and remove outliers that exceed the 95th percentile of the sensor's range and noise data with fluctuations exceeding ±3σ of the mean for three consecutive sampling points. A Kalman filter is used to process low-frequency deformation data with a cutoff frequency of 0.5Hz. A wavelet transform is used to eliminate 10-100Hz vibration noise. The Z-score normalization method is applied to map the data to the [-1, 1] interval while preserving the original data distribution characteristics.

[0061] The positioning unit is used to mark the specific coordinates of the guardrail of each monitoring node through Beidou positioning technology, ensuring that the position of the guardrail damage can be quickly located when an abnormality occurs, facilitating a quick response by maintenance personnel, and using the high-precision Beidou positioning module integrated in the guardrail monitor 1 to collect the coordinates of each monitoring node, wherein the Beidou positioning module ensures positioning accuracy in complex environments (urban canyons, under viaducts), and is configured with PPP (precision point positioning) function to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, activates the monitoring node positioning function one by one in a preset order, obtains geographic information of latitude, longitude and elevation in real time, and attaches a timestamp and node ID as a data packet, and stores the data packet in a local database, wherein the data packet is stored in the embedded SQLite database in JSON / XML format to ensure that the data is not lost after power failure, and is obtained through received signal strength (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (C / N) and other methods. ) parameters, screen out nodes with weak signals (RSSI < -100dBm) or severe obscuration (C / N0 < 25dB-Hz), mark them as abnormal monitoring nodes, mark abnormal monitoring nodes as targets to be re-measured, and record the reasons for the abnormality in the log (insufficient number of visible satellites, multipath effect) to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the initial coordinates. All monitoring nodes are uniformly activated during the low-traffic period in the early morning (02:00-04:00) to reduce interference with other systems. Each monitoring node is independently positioned three times, and the average is taken to reduce random errors. The Euclidean distance between the re-measured coordinates and the initial coordinates is calculated to obtain the displacement deviation. Based on engineering experience and structural safety standards, the static displacement alarm threshold is set to ±5cm. Then, a linear regression fit is performed on the displacement data for 7 consecutive days. If the slope exceeds ±0.5mm / day, a natural offset warning of the guardrail is triggered;

[0062] The calculation expression of displacement deviation is:

[0063]

[0064] Where d is the displacement deviation, (x1, y1, z1) is the initial coordinate, and (x2, y2, z2) is the remeasured coordinate;

[0065] The wireless networking communication unit is used to build an ad hoc network topology structure, transmit guardrail status data and specific coordinates of guardrails, ensure real-time data transmission, expand the monitoring range to remote sections, cover remote or complex terrain areas, solve the problem of traditional wiring difficulties, and reduce deployment costs. According to the terrain of the monitoring area and the distribution of monitoring nodes, the ad hoc network topology structure is automatically built. Each monitoring node broadcasts its own information including ID, location and signal strength during the initialization phase, receives response data from neighboring monitoring nodes, establishes a dynamic routing table, and each monitoring node selects the optimal path for interconnection based on signal quality, link stability and remaining power parameters to form a multi-hop relay network. Each monitoring node collects guardrail status data and high-precision positioning coordinates in real time, and after local pre-processing, encapsulates them into data according to a unified protocol (MQTT-SN or CoAP). The data packet is designed with a lightweight design, and redundant fields are optimized to reduce transmission overhead. For nodes with weak signals or severe obstruction, the system enables a data cache mechanism and retransmits data in batches after the link is restored to ensure a balance between data integrity and real-time performance. The encapsulated data packet is transmitted step by step to the gateway node through a multi-hop routing mechanism in the self-organizing network topology. The source node selects the next-hop relay node according to the dynamic routing table. After receiving the data, the relay node updates the TTL (time to live) field and forwards it to avoid loops. The gateway node performs integrity verification on the received data, discards abnormal packets and requests retransmission to ensure data accuracy. In the transmission process, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technology is used to dynamically adjust the transmission rate and power according to the link quality to improve the communication reliability of remote sections or complex terrains.

[0066] The edge computing gateway module is used to deploy gateway devices at key nodes of the road section to be monitored. It receives data from the guardrail monitoring node module, integrates it to obtain a guardrail status sequence list, and performs preliminary detection and analysis of abnormal events based on preset abnormal thresholds. The data is then transmitted back to the cloud data management platform via 4G / 5G, reducing cloud data pressure, lowering wireless transmission bandwidth requirements, improving system response speed, and ensuring real-time performance.

[0067] The abnormal status alarm module is used to combine the initial detection results of abnormal events of the gateway device to further diagnose whether the guardrail status is abnormal and trigger the alarm mechanism to push the alarm information;

[0068] The operation and maintenance management module is used to provide users with an interactive interface, supporting operation and maintenance personnel to view the status of the guardrail monitor 1 in real time, receive alarm information and plan maintenance routes, and integrate AR navigation function to assist in quickly locating fault points on site.

[0069] Example 2, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, based on Example 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: preferably, the edge computing gateway module specifically includes:

[0070] Deploy LoRaWAN / ZigBee gateway devices at key nodes in the monitoring area to ensure a coverage radius of ≥2km (LoRa) or 50-100m (ZigBee). Receive data packets uploaded by neighboring monitoring nodes through a multi-channel wireless interface (LoRa or ZigBee), parse the data packet header according to the preset protocol (MQTT-SN / CoAP), extract the node ID, timestamp, and signal strength metadata, verify the CRC checksum to ensure data integrity, and use dynamic decoding tables to restore the original data for different sensor data formats to form a structured data stream. Based on the timestamp alignment mechanism, perform spatial-temporal correlation on multi-node data to construct a guardrail status sequence. The guardrail status sequence matrix integrates positioning coordinates and monitoring indicators, and divides time segments through sliding window technology. The spatial interpolation algorithm is used to fill in missing node data to ensure sequence continuity. The final output is a guardrail status sequence table containing complete spatiotemporal characteristics. The sliding window size is set to 30 minutes, with a step size of 5 minutes. The guardrail status is compared with the preset abnormal threshold to perform preliminary abnormal event detection and analysis. Abnormal data points that deviate from the abnormal threshold are screened out, which are abnormal guardrail states. Based on the screened abnormal guardrail status data, the time, location, and type of the abnormal event are marked, and then the screened abnormal guardrail status data is compressed into JSON format and transmitted back to the cloud data management platform via 4G / 5G.

[0071] Abnormal guardrail conditions include excessive deformation, abnormal vibration, and changes in tilt angle;

[0072] Among them, the abnormal threshold of deformation exceeding the limit is divided into warning threshold and alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >15mm, the alarm threshold is >20mm, and the abnormal threshold of vibration abnormality is acceleration >0.8m / s for 10 seconds. 2 ,The abnormal threshold of tilt angle change is divided into a warning threshold and an alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >3°, and the alarm threshold is >5°;

[0073] The abnormal status alarm module specifically includes:

[0074] Receive the preliminary detection results uploaded by the gateway device (including monitoring node ID, timestamp, anomaly type and original value), aggregate them according to the monitoring area and time window, and then eliminate isolated abnormal points through spatial consistency check (comparing the fluctuation range of adjacent node data), use the time series smoothing algorithm to suppress instantaneous noise, preset abnormal event diagnosis rules, when the same monitoring node triggers the same type of abnormal threshold three times in a row, it is determined to be a real abnormal event, otherwise it is marked as an instantaneous fluctuation, and then filter out valid abnormal events, generate a standardized abnormal event list, analyze the standardized abnormal event list, further diagnose the guardrail status, match the abnormal guardrail status type, and output different alarm levels based on the matching results of the abnormal guardrail status type. A single abnormal guardrail status type triggers a level one alarm, any combination of two abnormal guardrail status types triggers a level two alarm, and all abnormal guardrail status types trigger a level three alarm. Through a multi-channel push mechanism, synchronously send alarm information to the cloud data management platform to ensure that the information covers the key decision-making link. The alarm information includes the location (positioning coordinates), time, type and recommended disposal measures of the abnormal event, forming a closed-loop response mechanism;

[0075] The operation and maintenance management module specifically includes:

[0076] Provide users with an interactive interface to display the status information of the guardrail monitor 1 in real time, including its location, health status and operating status. It also uses map visualization technology to intuitively display the location and status information of the guardrail monitor 1. The normal status is marked in green, the warning status is marked in yellow, and the alarm status is marked in red. Operation and maintenance personnel can quickly browse the overall monitoring situation through the interactive interface, click on a specific monitoring node to view detailed information, and receive alarm information pushed by the abnormal status alarm module in real time, covering the location (positioning coordinates), time, type and recommended disposal measures of abnormal events. Alarm information is displayed by level classification. Level one alarm prompts in the form of a notification, level two alarm pops up a warning window, level three alarm triggers a sound alarm and flashes a prompt, and operation and maintenance personnel can quickly browse the overall monitoring situation through the interactive interface, click on a specific monitoring node to view detailed information, and receive alarm information pushed by the abnormal status alarm module in real time, covering the location (positioning coordinates), time, type and recommended disposal measures of abnormal events. Alarm information is displayed by level classification. Level one alarm prompts in the form of a notification, level two alarm pops up a warning window, and level three alarm triggers a sound alarm and flashes a prompt. Personnel can confirm the alarm information and mark the processing status. The system automatically records the processing process to form an alarm processing history. Based on the alarm information and the geographical distribution of the guardrail monitor 1, the maintenance route is planned, the location and resource status of the available maintenance team are input, and the maintenance route is automatically generated and displayed graphically on the map. It supports the allocation of maintenance tasks and pushes the task details to the corresponding maintenance personnel, including the task location, abnormality type and recommended disposal measures, to improve maintenance efficiency. When the operation and maintenance personnel arrive near the fault site, the AR navigation function in the operation and maintenance management module is enabled to integrate the virtual navigation information with the real scene in real time, and intuitively display the specific location of the fault point, direction guidance and surrounding environment information in the field of view of the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0077] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for highway guardrails based on wireless networking, characterized by: The guardrail monitor (1) has a fixing member (2) fixedly mounted on the outer edge surface of the guardrail monitor (1), and the guardrail monitor (1) is detachably mounted on the monitored area of the highway guardrail via the fixing member (2). The guardrail monitor (1) internally integrates wireless sensors including a deformation sensor, a vibration sensor, and an inclination angle sensor, as well as a Beidou positioning module.

2. A real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking, implemented based on the real-time monitoring device for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 1, comprising a cloud data management platform, characterized in that: The cloud data management platform is communicatively connected to the guardrail monitoring node module, the edge computing gateway module, the abnormal state alarm module and the operation and maintenance management module, wherein the electrical signals between the modules are connected; The guardrail monitoring node module is used to plan monitoring nodes in the area to be monitored and deploy guardrail monitors (1) at each monitoring node to collect guardrail status data of each monitoring node in real time; The edge computing gateway module is used to deploy gateway devices at key nodes of the road section in the monitored area, receive data from the guardrail monitoring node module, integrate it to obtain a guardrail status sequence table, and perform preliminary detection and analysis of abnormal events in combination with preset abnormal thresholds; The abnormal state alarm module is used to further diagnose whether the guardrail state is abnormal based on the preliminary detection results of abnormal events of the gateway device, and trigger the alarm mechanism to push the alarm information; The operation and maintenance management module is used to provide an interactive interface for users, supporting operation and maintenance personnel to view the status of the guardrail monitor (1) in real time, receive alarm information and plan maintenance routes.

3. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The guardrail monitoring node module includes a data acquisition and processing unit, a positioning unit and a wireless networking communication unit; The data acquisition and processing unit is used to collect and pre-process the guardrail physical state data using the wireless sensor integrated in the guardrail monitor (1); The positioning unit is used to mark the specific coordinates of the guardrail of each monitoring node using Beidou positioning technology; The wireless networking communication unit is used to construct an ad hoc network topology structure and transmit guardrail status data and specific coordinates of the guardrail.

4. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 3 is characterized by: The data acquisition and processing unit specifically includes: Based on the analysis of road structure characteristics and accident-prone points, key monitoring areas are delineated, and a grid method is used to divide the monitoring area into independent sub-sections at intervals of 100-200 meters. Monitoring nodes are planned at the geometric center of the sub-sections, and guardrail monitors (1) are deployed at the monitoring nodes. Sending an activation signal to a wireless sensor integrated in a guardrail monitor (1) to collect original physical state data of the guardrail including deformation, vibration and tilt angle in real time according to a preset sampling frequency, wherein the wireless sensor includes a deformation sensor, a vibration sensor and a tilt angle sensor; Perform preprocessing operations on the collected raw physical state data, including data cleaning, filtering and normalization.

5. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 3 is characterized by: The positioning unit specifically includes: Using the Beidou positioning module integrated in the guardrail monitor (1), coordinates of each monitoring node are collected; Activate the monitoring node positioning function one by one in a preset order, obtain geographic information of latitude, longitude and elevation in real time, attach a timestamp and node ID as a data packet, and store the data packet in the local database; By using the received signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio parameters, we can filter out nodes with weak signals or severe obstruction, mark them as abnormal monitoring nodes, mark them as targets to be retested, and record the abnormal reasons in the log. All monitoring nodes are activated uniformly during the low-flow period in the early morning every day. Each monitoring node is independently positioned three times, and the average value is taken to reduce random errors. The Euclidean distance between the re-measured coordinates and the initial coordinates is calculated to obtain the displacement deviation. Based on engineering experience and structural safety standards, the static displacement alarm threshold is set at ±5cm, and then a linear regression fit is performed on the displacement data for seven consecutive days. If the slope exceeds ±0.5mm / day, the natural offset warning of the guardrail is triggered.

6. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 3 is characterized by: The wireless networking communication unit specifically includes: Based on the terrain of the monitoring area and the distribution of monitoring nodes, an ad hoc network topology is automatically constructed. During the initialization phase, each monitoring node broadcasts its own information, including ID, location, and signal strength, receives response data from neighboring monitoring nodes, and establishes a dynamic routing table. Furthermore, each monitoring node selects the optimal path for interconnection based on signal quality, link stability, and remaining power parameters, forming a multi-hop relay network. Each monitoring node collects guardrail status data and positioning coordinates in real time, and after local pre-processing, encapsulates it into a data packet with a timestamp, node ID, and verification information attached; The encapsulated data packets are transmitted step by step to the gateway node through the multi-hop routing mechanism in the ad hoc network topology. The source node selects the next-hop relay node according to the dynamic routing table. After receiving the data, the relay node updates the TTL field and forwards it.

7. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 2, characterized in that: The edge computing gateway module specifically includes: LoRaWAN / ZigBee gateway devices are deployed at key nodes in the monitoring area. They receive data packets uploaded by neighboring monitoring nodes through a multi-channel wireless interface, parse the data packet header according to the preset protocol, extract metadata such as node ID, timestamp, and signal strength, and use dynamic decoding tables to restore the original data based on the data formats of different sensors, forming a structured data stream. Based on the timestamp alignment mechanism, multi-node data are spatially and temporally correlated to construct a guardrail status sequence matrix. The guardrail status sequence matrix integrates positioning coordinates and monitoring indicators, divides time segments using a sliding window technique, and uses a spatial interpolation algorithm to fill in missing node data. The final output is a guardrail status sequence table containing complete spatiotemporal features, where the sliding window size is set to 30 minutes and the step size is 5 minutes. By comparing the preset abnormal threshold, the guardrail status is preliminarily detected and analyzed for abnormal events, and abnormal data points that deviate from the abnormal threshold are screened out, which are abnormal guardrail status; Based on the filtered abnormal guardrail status data, the time, location and type of the abnormal event are marked, and then the filtered abnormal guardrail status data is compressed into JSON format and transmitted back to the cloud data management platform via 4G / 5G.

8. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The abnormal guardrail state includes excessive deformation, abnormal vibration and change in tilt angle; Among them, the abnormal threshold of deformation exceeding the limit is divided into warning threshold and alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >15mm, the alarm threshold is >20mm, and the abnormal threshold of vibration abnormality is acceleration >0.8m / s for 10 seconds. 2 ,The abnormal threshold of tilt angle change is divided into a warning threshold and an alarm threshold. The warning threshold is >3°, and the alarm threshold is >5°.

9. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 8, characterized in that: The abnormal state alarm module specifically includes: Receive preliminary detection results uploaded by gateway devices and aggregate them by monitoring area and time window; The abnormal event diagnosis rules are preset. When the same monitoring node triggers the same type of abnormal threshold three times in a row, it is determined to be a real abnormal event. Otherwise, it is marked as a transient fluctuation. Then, valid abnormal events are screened and a standardized abnormal event list is generated. Analyze the standardized abnormal event list to further diagnose the guardrail status and match the abnormal guardrail status type; Based on the matching results of abnormal guardrail status types, different alarm levels are output. A single abnormal guardrail status type triggers a level one alarm, any combination of two abnormal guardrail status types triggers a level two alarm, and all abnormal guardrail status types trigger a level three alarm. Alarm information is synchronously sent to the cloud data management platform through a multi-channel push mechanism. The alarm information includes the location, time, type and recommended disposal measures of the abnormal event, forming a closed-loop response mechanism.

10. The real-time monitoring system for highway guardrails based on wireless networking according to claim 9, characterized in that: The operation and maintenance management module specifically includes: Provide an interactive interface for users to display the status information of the guardrail monitor (1) in real time, including the location, health status and operation status, and use map visualization technology to intuitively display the location and status information of the guardrail monitor (1), with the normal state marked in green, the warning state marked in yellow, and the alarm state marked in red; Receive real-time alarm information pushed by the abnormal status alarm module, covering the location, time, type and recommended disposal measures of the abnormal event. Alarm information is displayed by level classification. Level 1 alarms are prompted in the form of notifications, level 2 alarms pop up a warning window, and level 3 alarms trigger an audible alarm and flashing prompts. Operation and maintenance personnel can confirm the alarm information and mark the processing status. The system automatically records the processing process to form an alarm processing history; Based on the alarm information and the geographical distribution of guardrail monitors (1), maintenance routes are planned. The location and resource status of available maintenance teams are input, and maintenance routes are automatically generated and displayed graphically on the map. Maintenance task allocation is supported, and task details are pushed to the corresponding maintenance personnel, including task location, abnormality type and recommended disposal measures; When the operation and maintenance personnel arrive near the fault site, the AR navigation function in the operation and maintenance management module is activated to integrate the virtual navigation information with the real scene in real time, and intuitively display the specific location of the fault point, direction guidance and surrounding environment information in the field of view of the operation and maintenance personnel.

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