Base station assistance for impairment correction and handling of amplify-and-forward repeaters

Abstract

A base station assisted apparatus and method for impairment correction and handling of AF repeaters are described. An apparatus is configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with a set of NL characteristics and a set of droop characteristics. The apparatus is also configured to measure the set of NL characteristics and the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics and the set of droop characteristics are associated with a DPD training session. The apparatus is further configured to send, for the network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of the measured set of NL characteristics and the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of an excluded list of resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes for the excluded list of resources.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application serial number 18 / 066,260, entitled “BASE STATION ASSISTANCE FOR IMPAIRMENTS CORRECTION AND HANDLING FOR AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD REPEATERS,” filed on December 14, 2022, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to wireless communications for amplify-and-forward repeaters. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary does not identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor does it delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a set of nonlinear (NL) characteristics or a set of droop characteristics. The apparatus is further configured to measure at least one of the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics or at least one of the set of droop characteristics is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session. The apparatus is further configured to send one or more of the following to a network node: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at a wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources.

[0008] In this aspect, the method includes: obtaining a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a set of NL characteristics or a set of droop characteristics. The method also includes: measuring at least one of the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics is associated with a DPD training session. The method also includes: sending, to the network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus is configured to send, to a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL feature set or a droop feature set. The apparatus is further configured to receive, from the wireless device, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; or (2) at least one of an excluded resource list or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list associated with interference at the wireless device, wherein at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set is associated with a DPD training session.

[0010] In this aspect, the method includes: sending, to a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set. The method also includes: receiving, from the wireless device, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; or (2) at least one of an excluded resource list or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list associated with interference at the wireless device, wherein the at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session.

[0011] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0013] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0018] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of wireless communication with an amplify-and-forward repeater according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 is a call flow diagram for wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 is a diagram of wireless communication for digital predistortion (DPD) and droop correction using an amplify-and-forward repeater according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is an illustration of wireless communication for DPD utilizing an amplify-and-forward repeater according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 is a diagram for wireless communication utilizing DPD of a base station according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 9 is a call flow diagram for wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 13 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 14 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0029] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Wireless communication networks may be designed for wireless communication through repeaters, such as amplify-and-forward (AF) repeaters. The capabilities of such repeaters may be degraded and / or underutilized due to timing limitations and impairments associated with their performance, such as link budget, distortion, droop, internal and / or external interference, etc. Existing wireless networks lack the ability to apply digital pre-distortion and pre-equalization at AF repeaters. Furthermore, the increasing impact of internal and external interference at AF repeaters may not be known to other network devices, such as base stations, and processing constraints at AF repeaters may prohibit self-remediation of interference. Various aspects presented herein provide improvements by training at AF repeaters for nonlinear and droop characteristics / coefficients, thereby enabling base stations to apply digital pre-distortion and pre-equalization for AF repeaters, and also provide improvements to AF repeater-driven exclusion indications for resources allocated by the base station to avoid or mitigate interference experienced by AF repeaters.

[0031] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0032] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0033] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0034] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. As an example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0035] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by way of illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be generated via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the examples described may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be within the scope of chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the scope of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in combination with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the devices in combination with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for both analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, including chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, and the like.

[0036] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or network equipment (such as a base station (BS)), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell) can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0037] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0038] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (a network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0039] Figure 1 FIG1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0040] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0041] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0042] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) based at least in part on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may also host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0043] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, a RU 140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0044] The SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0045] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions via an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0046] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0047] At least one of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmissions from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmissions from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation for a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may utilize spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.). The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0048] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be performed via various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0049] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available before communicating.

[0050] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0051] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0052] With the above in mind, unless otherwise specified, if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0053] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0054] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit / receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a converged (monolithic) base station having a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A collection of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or converged base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0055] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional velocity calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0056] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some of UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart rate monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0057] Reference again Figure 1In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include an impairment correction and handling component 198 ("component 198") configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. Component 198 is further configured to measure at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set, wherein the at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session. Component 198 is further configured to send, to the network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include an impairment correction and handling component 199 ("component 199") configured to send, to the wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. Component 199 is further configured to receive from the wireless device one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR and repeaters, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies, as well as other wireless devices.

[0058] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A 、 Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0059] Figures 2A to 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). Symbol length / duration can be scaled with 1 / SCS.

[0060]

[0061] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0062] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ time slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ*15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. Symbol length / duration is inversely related to subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0063] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also known as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0064] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0065] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs within an OFDM symbol of a RB. The PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). During a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on the CORESET, the UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space), where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0066] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit the DM-RS of the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the DM-RS of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations. The UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0067] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as a scheduling request, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0068] Figure 3 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0069] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase-shift keying (M-PSK), and M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols are then separated into parallel streams. Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier using a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0070] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, the RX processor 356 can combine them into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0071] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0072] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0073] The TX processor 368 may use channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided via separate transmitters 354Tx to different antennas 352. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0074] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0075] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations associated with Figure 1 The impairment correction and treatment component 199 combines various aspects.

[0077] Wireless communication networks (such as 5G NR networks) may be designed for wireless communication through repeaters (such as AF repeaters). The capabilities of such repeaters may be degraded and / or underutilized due to timing limitations and impairments associated with their performance (such as link budget (LB) (e.g., power, beamforming gain, and path loss), distortion, droop, internal and / or external interference, etc.). The LB of a link (e.g., from a base station to a UE) in which an AF repeater is deployed may be determined by the access channel. In addition to LB optimization of the access channel, power efficiency may be translated into power consumption utilization of a specific hop of the AF repeater, which may include one or more hops. Some AF repeater hops may not be connected to the grid, for example, AF repeaters powered by renewable energy. Additionally, the AF repeater may steer beams for communication, which may be affected by the impairments of the AF repeater.

[0078] Different impairments of AF repeaters may have a direct impact on LB. For example, the power amplifier (PA) efficiency of an AF repeater may be determined by the linearity of its PA (e.g., assuming the signal is amplified as is). As another example, the noise enhancement of an AF repeater may be determined by its droop characteristics (e.g., coefficients describing the droop response of the AF repeater). As another example, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of an AF repeater may be determined by interference and its frequency location (such as spurs), which may be generated in the repeater itself and / or belong to external sources. The intermediate frequency (IF), analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), and / or digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) may not consume much time, but the digital processing itself may have a group delay that may consume a significant portion of the CP. The delay may be multiplied by the number of hops in the link (e.g., the number of AF repeaters), which may make the challenge even more severe. For AF repeaters, analog RX components may be connected to corresponding analog TX components, each of which may include RF or RF and IF sections that may cause analog droop, for example, droop in the output voltage when driving a signal from the components that may be associated with a combination of linear filters. Droop may be exacerbated by multiple AF repeaters (hops) in the link, which may aggregate the droop and degrade the link (for example, if the droop at the analog RX / TX components is 4dB each, each hop may aggregate 8dB of droop). Additionally, due to latency, there may be little digital processing in the AF repeater, and implementing a DPD block and / or pre-equalization of the droop at the repeater may be prohibitive.

[0079] Regarding interference, AF repeaters may experience internal and / or external interference during operation, each of which may cause problems with DL optimization of the link. For example, internal interference (such as spurious signals) from cross-modulation of oscillators to components due to leakage affects the operation of AF repeater components. For example, in many modems, such as LTE / 5G NR SUB6 and 5G NR mmW (millimeter wave), spurious signals can cause problems that significantly affect performance, and similar or even more severe problems may be associated with AF repeaters, including significant performance degradation when spurious signals "hit" small allocations of all modulation and coding schemes (MCS) or any allocated pilot with a high MCS. Due to the cost and size of the specific implementation, reducing spurious signals through isolation improvements may be prohibitive and / or expensive. In addition, spurious signals may be an "increasing challenge" where technological advances increase the number of transmitters and receivers coexisting in a single product, resulting in an increase in spurious signals and their importance to operation. External interference (e.g., interference from other users, cells, sources, etc.) may also cause performance issues. External interference may be due to periodic / semi-persistent switching (SPS) resources (e.g., DL CSI-RS) from neighboring base stations, UL signaling from other UEs in the frequency domain case, and other sources. As an example, in the case of SPS allocation, a particular repeater may be subject to interference from a UE in a neighboring cell that has been allocated on resources that overlap with the AF repeater. In both interference cases, an entity external to the AF repeater may know which frequency resources are being hit and be the source of the problem. In the case of internal interference, the problem may be due to specific a priori known sparse tones (e.g., variable by configuration), while in the case of external interference, the problem may be one or more neighboring RBs.

[0080] Various aspects herein provide an AF relay that can be coupled to a digital controller ("controller") (such as, but not limited to, a UE, another wireless device, etc.) for control. The controller can control the AF relay, measure characteristics / coefficients of the AF relay, communicate information between the AF relay and a network, etc. Although various aspects herein may be described in the context of an "AF relay" for the sake of brevity and / or clarity of illustration, it should be noted that such an "AF relay" may also include a controller configured to perform the functions / operations described for the AF relay as well as the functions / operations explicitly described herein for the controller.

[0081] Aspects further provide for the addition of a DPD receiver (DPD RX) component that can be positioned in series with a baseline DPD transmitter (DPD TX) of a base station, wherein the DPD RX component can be configured to compensate for or fix nonlinear (NL) characteristics / coefficients of a specific hop (e.g., for a PA). In such aspects, the DPD RX component can take into account the backhaul (BH) channel between the primary base station TX and the input and output to a specific hop / AF repeater. Aspects herein address issues with this approach, such as that DPD RX can increase the bandwidth of the signal at the input of the DPD TX component (due to natural DPD signal processing), which can impact the PA efficiency of the AF repeater. However, while power efficiency of the primary base station TX may not be the highest priority, since the expected SNR of the BH channel may be expected to be high, aspects provide for focusing on the PA of the target hop / AF repeater. In various aspects, a controller can be utilized to obtain the NL response and / or DPD coefficients of the PA of the AF repeater, such that the AF repeater can provide information about the NL characteristics (e.g., coefficients describing the nonlinear response of the PA) to the base station, which can use this information (e.g., together with channel information) to perform DPD for the AF repeater. In various aspects, such a training process can be performed by the AF repeater / controller in factory calibration (or other offline mode) for dimensions such as beam, bandwidth, center frequency, TX power, temperature, etc., where the trained values can be stored in a memory of the AF repeater / controller for use in online signaling to the base station. Alternatively or additionally, various aspects provide online training with assistance from the base station, for example, by allocating resources to calculate / train the NL characteristics, which can be signaled back to the base station for adjustment, as described in further detail herein.

[0082] With respect to droop, aspects enable a controller to be used to acquire / measure the droop response of an AF repeater such that the repeater can provide information about the droop characteristics to a base station, which can use the information to perform pre-equalization. In aspects, such a training process can be performed by the AF repeater / controller during factory calibration (or other offline mode) for dimensions such as beam, bandwidth, center frequency, TX beam, RX beam, temperature, etc., where the trained values can be stored in a memory of the AF repeater / controller for online signaling to the base station. Alternatively or in addition, aspects provide online training with assistance from the base station, for example, by allocating gaps to calculate / train the droop characteristics at the AF repeater, which can be signaled back to the base station for adjustment, as described in further detail herein.

[0083] With respect to interference management, aspects provide for an AF relay / controller to learn interference patterns and request from the network (eg, base station) that certain resources associated with the interference not be allocated.

[0084] Thus, various aspects presented herein provide base station assistance for impairment correction and handling of AF repeaters and improvements to performance, power efficiency, and signal quality of, for example, AF repeater LBs, while maintaining adherence to timing constraints. Various aspects include: implementing configurations at the AF repeater and / or at a base station associated with a wireless communication link for a training session to measure NL and droop characteristics of the AF repeater, and implementing pre-equalization of RX DPD and / or droop at the base station; and avoiding or mitigating interference on resources allocated by the base station to the AF repeater.

[0085] Figure 4 FIG4 is a diagram illustrating an example of wireless communication with an amplify-and-forward repeater in various aspects. FIG400 shows a transmitter (TX) 402 of, for example, a base station, providing DL signaling to a receiver (RX) of an AF repeater 406 via a BH channel 404 with a high SNR. The AF repeater 406 may amplify and forward the received signal via the BH channel 404 on an access channel 408 for reception by an RX 410 (e.g., of a UE, another AF repeater, etc.). As mentioned above, the AF repeater 406 may experience droop due to a linear filter 412, nonlinearities 414 in its PA, and / or interference 416 (e.g., internal and / or external interference), which may cause the transmission from the AF repeater 406 on the access channel 408 to have a lower SNR than the SNR of the BH channel 404.

[0086] More specifically, with respect to droop via linear filter 412, diagram 400 also illustrates a similar configuration with a base station 424 providing DL signaling with high SNR via BH channel 426 to an analog receiver (RX) with RF and IF / RF of an AF repeater 418, which then provides DL signaling to an analog transmitter (TX) with RF and IF / RF of the AF repeater. In various aspects, each can be RF or RF and IF, but in many scenarios, it is desirable to observe RF and IF due to the ability to filter and calculate received signal strength indicators (RSSI). The AF repeater 418 can amplify and forward signals received via BH channel 426 on access channel 420 via a PA for reception by the RX component of UE 422 (or another AF repeater, then UE 422, etc.). As mentioned above, the AF repeater 406 may experience linear filter 412 based droop, which is shown as RX droop in the simulated RX component and TX droop in the simulated TX component, which may cause the transmission from the PA of the AF repeater 418 on the access channel 420 to have a lower SNR than the SNR of the BH channel 426 (which may be further compounded due to aggregate droop across multiple AF repeater hops).

[0087] Figure 5 5 is a call flow diagram 500 for wireless communication in various aspects. In various aspects, the call flow diagram 500 illustrates base station assistance for impairment correction and handling for an AF repeater, as well as training NL and droop characteristics (e.g., coefficients) at a wireless device (e.g., an AF repeater 502) for application at a network node (e.g., a base station 504, such as a gNB or other type of base station, as shown), and provisioning resource exclusion by the AF repeater 502 for utilization by the base station 504. Various aspects described with respect to the base station 504 may be performed in an aggregated form by the base station and / or in a disaggregated form by one or more components of the base station. Additionally or alternatively, various aspects may be performed autonomously by the AF repeater 502 in addition to and / or as an alternative to the operations of the base station 504.

[0088] In the illustrated aspect, the AF relay 502 can be configured to obtain an indication 506-A or an indication 506-B of one or more conditions associated with a set of NL characteristics (e.g., coefficients) and / or a set of droop characteristics (e.g., coefficients). In various aspects, the indication can be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF relay 502 (for indication 506-A), while in other aspects, the indication can be retrieved from the memory of the AF relay 502 based on a previous reception at the memory of the AF relay 502 (for indication 506-B). In various aspects, the indication 506-A / 506-B can include definitions for reporting conditions of NL and / or droop characteristics associated with a training session thereon to be sent from the AF relay 502 and received by the base station 504. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, and / or frequency, and the indication 506-A / 506-B may also include one or more condition parameters, such as, but not limited to, a measured device temperature, one or more aging parameters associated with the effectiveness of the NL feature set, and / or at least one NL kernel parameter. In various aspects, the NL kernel parameters may include the number of NL kernels, a definition of each of the number of NL kernels (e.g., m, s, and p representing the kernel: x(nm)·|x(ns)| p), a first measurement target associated with a direct PA response, a second measurement target associated with at least one NL characteristic in a set of NL characteristics, and / or a receive port associated with an indication and / or excluded resources 514 (further described below). In various aspects, the set of NL characteristics may be measured for the PA or an inverse of the PA. The base station 504 may include a memory storing a data structure for one or more of the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set, and the base station 504 may be configured to send an indication 506-A based on a change in state of one or more of the NL / droop characteristics (e.g., bandwidth, power, TCI state, frequency, temperature, TX beam of the AF repeater 502, and / or an aging parameter (e.g., a parameter indicating the amount of time one or more coefficients are valid). In various aspects, a timestamp may be utilized to determine whether retraining is desired due to aging. The base station 504 may be configured to send the indication 506-A via RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and may include in the indication 506-A the dimensions that have or have not affected the NL / droop characteristics. In other words, base station 504 may utilize this information to decide whether retraining should be performed for a given parameter set, and if so, may signal the reporting definition via indication 506-A.

[0089] The AF relay 502 may be configured to send an indication 508 received by the base station 504, wherein the indication 508 may indicate at least one resource for a DPD training session associated with the NL feature set and / or a gap resource for a DPD training session associated with the droop feature set. In various aspects, the indication 508 may indicate undesired resources. In a scenario where a special resource request is indicated by the indication 508, a conditional resource response may be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF relay 502, the conditional resource response including at least one resource for a DPD training session associated with the NL feature set and / or a gap resource for a DPD training session associated with the droop feature set. In various aspects, the AF relay 502 may be configured to receive the at least one resource via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a MAC-CE. The at least one resource may be based on a downlink reference signal and may be periodic, aperiodic, and / or semi-persistent, and may be based on existing DL resources, such as, but not limited to, DM-RS, CSI-RS, tracking reference signal (TRS), etc.

[0090] In either resource scenario, the AF repeater 502 can be configured to perform a DPD training session at 510. The training session at 510 can be performed on or for resources provided based on an indication 508 (e.g., a special resource request indicated by indication 508), which can be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF repeater 502 for the DPD training session at 510. At 512, the AF repeater 502 can be configured to measure at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set, wherein the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set are associated with the DPD training session. In various aspects, the AF repeater 502 can be configured to measure the NL characteristic set for at least one resource and / or measure the droop characteristic set during a gap. In various aspects, the operations at 510, 512, and the indication and / or excluded resources 514 can be performed / sent based on or in response to indications 506-A / 506-B.

[0091] The AF relay 502 may be configured to send one or more of an indication and / or excluded resources 514 to the base station 504. In various aspects, the indication may be for at least one of a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics, and the excluded resources may be a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device and / or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. The indication and / or excluded resources 514 may be a report of the conditions mentioned above and may be provided based on the definition of the report in the indication 506-A / 506-B.

[0092] At 516, the base station 504 may be configured to apply pre-equalization and / or DPD to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. In various aspects, pre-equalization and / or DPD may be applied at the base station 504. For example, pre-equalization and / or DPD may be applied to a DPD RX component of the base station 504. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 504 may be configured to exclude or reallocate resources at 516, as described below with respect to Figure 10 Described in further detail.

[0093] The AF repeater 502 may also be configured to send an updated indication and / or a request for training 518 to the base station 504. In various aspects, the updated indication and / or the request for training 518 may be sent by the base station 504 without responding to an indication, such as indications 506-A / 506-B. That is, in various aspects, the AF repeater 502 may be configured to send an updated indication and / or the request for training 518 to the base station 504 based on an operating condition at the wireless device, such as, but not limited to, a sudden failure or temperature change at the AF repeater 502, an aging parameter associated with the effectiveness of the NL feature set, etc. In other words, the AF repeater 502 may be configured to send an updated indication and / or the request for training 518 to the base station 504 based on its conditions and without an explicit request from the base station 504 (e.g., such as indications 506-A / 506-B).

[0094] Figure 6 6 is a diagram of wireless communication for digital predistortion (DPD) and droop correction using an amplify-and-forward repeater in various aspects. Diagram 600 illustrates a base station 602 (e.g., having a DPD RX component) transmitting DL signaling to a UE 604 via a BH channel. The DL signaling may be received by an AF repeater 606 (e.g., having a PA) and forwarded to the UE 604 via an access channel. The AF repeater 606 may include and / or be associated with a controller 608, which in various aspects of the present disclosure may be a digital controller. The controller 608 may be configured to perform control operations for the AF repeater 606 and / or perform measurements associated with the AF repeater 606, as described above for the AF repeater. Figure 5 As described, for example, with respect to NL / droop characteristics. Additionally, the AF repeater 606 can be configured to provide DPD information (e.g., NL characteristic measurements) and / or droop characteristic measurements to the base station 602 via the controller 608. Thus, the controller 608 can facilitate various aspects of base station-assisted impairment correction and handling for AF repeaters described herein.

[0095] Figure 7 is a diagram 700 for wireless communication utilizing DPD of an amplify-and-forward repeater in various aspects. The diagram 700 may be Figure 6600, and illustrates a base station 702 (e.g., having a DPD RX component 710) transmitting DL signaling to a UE 704 via a BH channel. The DL signaling may be received by an AF repeater 706 (e.g., having a PA 712) and forwarded to the UE 704 via an access channel. The AF repeater 706 may include and / or be associated with a controller 708, which in various aspects of the present disclosure may be a digital controller. The controller 708 may be configured to perform control operations for the AF repeater 706 and / or perform measurements associated with the AF repeater 706, as described above with respect to FIG. Figure 5 As described, for example, for NL / droop characteristics. Additionally, the AF repeater 706 can be configured to provide DPD information (e.g., NL characteristic measurements) to the base station 702 via the controller 708. In various aspects, the DPD information can include signaling for BH channels, DPD coefficients, control of backoff operation (BO) of the PA 712, etc.

[0096] In the illustrated aspect, the DPD RX component 710 can receive the output of the TX of the base station 702 and can provide its output to the DPD RX component of the base station 702. Additionally, for DPD changes associated with the PA 712 of the AF repeater 706, the DPD RX component 710 can be oriented relative to the AF repeater 706, for example, based on signaling from the controller 708 obtained via training at the AF repeater 706. That is, similar to how the DPD TX component is matched to the PA of the base station 702, the DPD RX component 710 can be matched to the parameters of the PA 712 to account for reported NL characteristics. In other words, aspects herein provide for the addition of a DPD RX component 710 that can be positioned in tandem with the baseline DPD TX of the base station 702, wherein the DPD RX component 710 can be configured to compensate for or fix the NL characteristics / coefficients of a particular hop (e.g., for the PA 712 of the AF repeater 706). In such aspects, the DPD RX component 710 can consider the backhaul (BH) channel between the primary base station TX and the input to the AF repeater 706 and the output of the AF repeater, and can be configured to increase the bandwidth of the signal at the input of the DPD TX component (due to natural DPD signal processing), which can affect the efficiency of the PA 712 of the AF repeater 706. Because the expected SNR of the BH channel can be higher, various aspects provide for focusing on the PA 712 of the AF repeater 706. Therefore, the controller 708 can be utilized to obtain the NL response and / or DPD coefficient of the PA 712 of the AF repeater 706, so that the AF repeater 706 can provide information about the NL characteristics to the base station 702, which can use this information (e.g., together with channel information) to perform DPD for the AF repeater.

[0097] Thus, the controller 708 and the DPD RX component 710 may facilitate aspects of base station assisted impairment correction and handling for AF repeaters herein.

[0098] Figure 8 FIG800 is a diagram of wireless communication utilizing DPD of a base station in various aspects. FIG800 illustrates components and operations of a base station 820 in various aspects for which signaling from a baseline TX component and to a DPD TX component is received, for example, as described above. Figure 7 When the base station receives the DPD / NL characteristics / coefficients (e.g., DPD characteristics 806), the base station can be configured to apply the DPD characteristics 806 on the DPD RX component 804 (e.g., using the coefficients for the specific TCI state and other previously stated parameters from the signaling) as described herein and implement RX-oriented DPD 802 corresponding to the AF repeater and its PA.

[0099] In one configuration, the base station may implement RX-oriented DPD 802 corresponding to the AF repeater and its PA via the following example expression: dpdTxIn = g[n]*F(h[n]*dpdRxIn), where h[n] represents the estimated BH channel 808 for a particular hop (e.g., the AF repeater), g[n] represents the inverse of the estimated BH channel 810, which may be calculated similarly to a "no-droop" or any other equalization filter, and where '*' represents a linear convolution operator. Thus, the RX-oriented DPD 802 may apply an adjustment 812 for the BH channel and an adjustment 814 for the inverse of the BH channel to the DPDRX component 804. That is, to apply DPD to, for example, the DPD RX component 804, the base station may be configured to further apply DPD based on at least one of a BH channel estimate (or measurement) (e.g., the adjustment 812 for the BH channel) or an inverse BH channel estimate (or measurement) (e.g., the adjustment 814 for the inverse of the BH channel).

[0100] Figure 9 900 is a call flow diagram for wireless communication in various aspects. The call flow diagram 900 illustrates various aspects of base station assistance for impairment correction and handling for an AF relay and the provisioning of resource exclusion by a wireless device (for example, an AF relay 902) for application at a network node (for example, a base station 904, as shown, such as a gNB or other type of base station). Various aspects described with respect to the base station 904 may be performed in an aggregated form by the base station and / or in a disaggregated form by one or more components of the base station. Additionally or alternatively, various aspects may be performed autonomously by the AF relay 902 in addition to and / or in lieu of the operations of the base station 904.

[0101] The AF relay 902 may be configured to identify (at 906) internal and / or external interference at the AF relay 902. For example, the AF relay 902 (and / or an associated controller) may be configured to characterize internal interference (e.g., spurs) by maintaining default settings that may not be exact phase / amplitude, but calibrated based on common parameters (e.g., "location" (frequency / SC index) and power). In various aspects, upon RRC connection, the AF relay 902 may be configured to signal a list of possible spurs to the base station 904. During communications, the AF relay 902 may signal to the base station 904 which spurs in the list are relevant to the current configuration. With respect to external interference, the AF relay 902 may be configured to characterize external interference by analyzing the SNR / interference levels on specific tones and / or RBs (e.g., based on a whitening matrix). In various aspects, this may be accomplished by performing DM-RS analysis, or may be based on data-assisted analysis (or any other method) in the case of a more complex UE receiver.

[0102] Based on identifying the internal and / or external interference (at 906), the AF relay 902 can be configured to send excluded resources 908 received by the base station 904. In various aspects, the excluded resources 908 can be a list of excluded resources associated with the interference at the AF relay 902 and / or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list. As a list, the excluded resources 908 can include entries, wherein each entry of the excluded resource list also includes at least one frequency range associated with the interference at the AF relay 902, for example, a range defined by a start frequency and an end frequency. In various configurations, the AF relay 902 can be configured to send the excluded resources via RRC signaling or MAC-CE for internal spurious interference, or to send the excluded resources via MAC-CE for external interference.

[0103] The base station 904 may be configured (at 910) to exclude resources, increase the power of resources, and / or reallocate pilots. For example, the base station 904 may be configured not to allocate data / pilots on subcarriers belonging to the selected excluded resources 908 to, for example, a selected allocation that is in a selected list that the AF relay desires to be skipped or avoided. In some cases, skipping data may have a small impact on throughput (e.g., a relative throughput loss due to lost small cells (SCs)), and the target UE may perform rate matching on those tones. In some cases, such as in frequency-selective channels, skipping pilots may result in significant performance loss. Therefore, various aspects provide a base station 904 that will be configured to allocate more power (e.g., boost) to those tones. In such cases, the base station 904 may signal the boost value to the AF relay 902 and / or the UE (e.g., via MAC-CE / DCI). In some configurations, the base station 904 may be configured to reallocate pilots with respect to interference based on a list of excluded resources, where the reallocated pilots are based on at least one of: an updated BWP to avoid RBs affected by interference, at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain position (L0) of the CSI-RS, a resource element offset of the PT-RS, and / or a pattern shift of one or more RBs of the DM-RS pattern (e.g., a special field of a special RB list).

[0104] The AF repeater 902 may be configured to receive data or pilot 912 sent by the base station 904 based on (at 910) excluding resources, increasing the power of resources, and / or reallocating pilots. That is, the base station 904 may be configured to send data or pilot 912 on an allocation that is not in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources 908 based on the list of excluded resources 908 for the AF repeater 902. The base station 904 may be configured to send data or pilot 912 on an allocation in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources 908 based on the list of excluded resources 908 for the AF repeater 902 but at increased power. As described above, the base station 904 may be configured to send pilots of data or pilots 912 that are reallocated with respect to interference based on the list of excluded resources 908 for the AF repeater 902.

[0105] Figure 101000 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., UE 104; AF relay 406, 418, 502, 606, 706; controller 608, 708; apparatus 1404). At 1002, the wireless device is configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL feature set or a droop feature set. In some aspects, 1002 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF repeater 502 may be configured to obtain a pair of NL characteristic (eg, coefficient) sets and / or droop characteristic (eg, coefficient) sets (eg, Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the indication may be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF repeater 502 (for indication 506-A), while in other aspects, the indication may be retrieved from the memory of the AF repeater 502 based on a previous reception at the memory of the AF repeater 502 (for indication 506-B). In various aspects, the indication 506-A / 506-B may include information for NL and / or droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in the definition of a conditional report associated with a training session thereon to be sent from the AF repeater 502 and received by the base station 504 (e.g., in Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 Conditions may include, but are not limited to, bandwidth, power, TCI state, and / or frequency, and indication 506-A / 506-B may also include one or more condition parameters, such as, but not limited to, measured device temperature, and a set of NL characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the NL kernel parameters may include a number of NL kernels, a definition of each NL kernel in the number of NL kernels (e.g., m, s, and p representing the kernel: x(nm)·|x(ns)|p), a first measurement target associated with the direct PA response, a first measurement target associated with the NL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8806) and / or a receiving port associated with at least one NL characteristic of the indication and / or excluded resource 514. In various aspects, the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 712) or the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 The base station 504 may include storing the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) in one or more of the data structures, and the base station 504 can be configured based on the NL / droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 The base station 504 may send an indication 506-A based on a change in state of one or more of the following parameters: 806 of the AF repeater 502 (e.g., bandwidth, power, TCI state, frequency, temperature, TX beam of the AF repeater 502, and / or aging parameters). In various aspects, a timestamp may be utilized to determine whether retraining is desired due to aging. The base station 504 may be configured to send the indication 506-A via RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and may include in the indication 506-A whether the NL / droop characteristic (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In other words, the base station 504 can use this information to decide whether retraining should be performed for a given parameter set (e.g., Figure 5 510 in Figure 8 812 in ), and if so, the report definition can be signaled via indication 506-A.

[0106] At 1004, the wireless device is configured to measure at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session. In some aspects, 1004 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF repeater 502 may be configured to perform a DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8The training session may be performed on or for resources provided based on indication 508 (e.g., a special resource request indicated by indication 508), which may be sent by base station 504 and received by AF repeater 502 for a DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 At 512, the AF relay 502 may be configured to measure a set of NL characteristics or a set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806), wherein the NL feature set and / or the droop feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 In various aspects, the AF relay 502 may be configured to measure a set of NL characteristics of at least one resource (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) and / or measuring a set of droop characteristics during the gap (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the operations at 510, 512 and the indication and / or excluded resource 514 may be performed / sent based on or in response to indication 506-A / 506-B.

[0107] At 1006, the wireless device is configured to send, to the network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. In some aspects, 1006 may be performed by component 198. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the AF relay 502 may be configured to send an indication to the base station 504 and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 In various aspects, the indication may be for a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and the excluded resources (e.g., Figure 9 908) may be a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the AF relay 502 and / or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. An indication of the indication and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 908) in can be a report of the conditions mentioned in this document and can be provided based on the definition of the report in indication 506-A / 506-B.

[0108] Figure 11 1100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., UE 104; AF relay 406, 418, 502, 606, 706; controller 608, 708; apparatus 1404). At 1102, the wireless device may be configured to send an indication to a network node including a request to enable or disable DPD for at least one of a PUSCH, PUCCH, or SSB channel. In some aspects, 1102 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 , the AF relay 502 can be configured to determine one or more channels on which the base station 504 should not perform DPD. In various aspects, the channels on which the AF relay 502 receives signaling may not utilize the DPD feature, such as for SSB in some cases. The AF relay 502 can be configured to send an indication of such channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SSB channels, etc.) to the base station 504, for example, via PUCCH and / or MAC-CE.

[0109] At 1104, the wireless device may be configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. In some aspects, 1104 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF repeater 502 may be configured to obtain a pair of NL characteristic (eg, coefficient) sets and / or droop characteristic (eg, coefficient) sets (eg, Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8In various aspects, the indication may be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF repeater 502 (for indication 506-A), while in other aspects, the indication may be retrieved from the memory of the AF repeater 502 based on a previous reception at the memory of the AF repeater 502 (for indication 506-B). In various aspects, the indication 506-A / 506-B may include information for NL and / or droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) of the conditional report, which is related to the training session at 510 above (e.g., Figure 8 802 in the example, to be sent from the AF repeater 502 and received by the base station 504 (e.g., Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 Conditions may include, but are not limited to, bandwidth, power, TCI state, and / or frequency, and indication 506-A / 506-B may also include one or more condition parameters, such as, but not limited to, measured device temperature, and a set of NL characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the NL kernel parameters may include a number of NL kernels, a definition of each NL kernel in the number of NL kernels (e.g., m, s, and p representing the kernel: x(nm)·|x(ns)|p), a first measurement target associated with the direct PA response, a first measurement target associated with the NL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and / or a receiving port associated with at least one NL characteristic of the indication and / or excluded resource 514. In various aspects, the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 712) or the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 The base station 504 may include storing the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8806) in one or more of the data structures, and the base station 504 can be configured based on the NL / droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 The base station 504 may send an indication 506-A based on a change in state of one or more of the following parameters: 806 of the AF repeater 502 (e.g., bandwidth, power, TCI state, frequency, temperature, TX beam of the AF repeater 502, and / or aging parameters). In various aspects, a timestamp may be utilized to determine whether retraining is desired due to aging. The base station 504 may be configured to send the indication 506-A via RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and may include in the indication 506-A whether the NL / droop characteristic (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In other words, the base station 504 can use this information to decide whether retraining should be performed for a given parameter set (e.g., Figure 5 510 in Figure 8 812 in ), and if so, the report definition can be signaled via indication 506-A.

[0110] At 1106, the wireless device may be configured to send an indication of at least one resource of a DPD training session associated with the NL feature set and / or a gap of a DPD training session associated with the droop feature set. In some aspects, 1106 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF repeater 502 may be configured to send an indication 508 that is received by the base station 504, wherein the indication 508 may indicate a characteristic associated with the NL feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 802) and / or at least one resource with a droop feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 802) gap resources in.

[0111] At 1108, the wireless device may be configured to receive at least one resource of a DPD training session associated with the NL feature set and / or a gap of a DPD training session associated with the droop feature set. In some aspects, 1108 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF relay 502 may be configured to receive at least one resource (eg, via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a MAC-CE) via at least one of the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or the MAC-CE. Figure 5 At least one resource (e.g., via a conditional resource response to an indication 508 in Figure 5 The conditional resource response of the indication 508 in the conditional resource response may be based on a downlink reference signal and may be periodic, aperiodic and / or semi-persistent and may be based on existing DL resources such as, but not limited to, DM-RS, CSI-RS, TRS, etc. In the scenario where the special resource request is indicated by the indication 508, the conditional resource response may be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF relay 502, the conditional resource response including the conditional resource response associated with the NL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 802) and / or at least one resource with a droop feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 802) gap resources in.

[0112] At 1110, the wireless device may be configured to perform a DPD training session and measure at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with the DPD training session. In some aspects, 1110 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the AF repeater 502 may be configured to perform a DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 8 802 in ), and at 512 a set of NL characteristics is measured (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) or a droop feature set (e.g., Figure 6Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the AF relay 502 may be configured to measure at least one resource at 512 (e.g., via Figure 5 508) of the conditional resource response) of the NL feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement, signaling in; for example, Figure 8 806 in ) and / or measuring a set of droop characteristics during the gap (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the operations at 510, 512 may be performed based on or in response to indication 506-A / 506-B.

[0113] At 1112, the wireless device may be configured to send, to the network node, one or more of: (1) an indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. In some aspects, 1112 may be performed by component 198. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the AF relay 502 may be configured to send an indication to the base station 504 and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 In various aspects, the indication may be for a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and the excluded resources (e.g., Figure 9 908) may be a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the AF relay 502 and / or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. An indication of the indication and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9908) can be a report of the conditions mentioned herein and can be provided based on the definition for the report in indication 506-A / 506-B. In various aspects, indications and / or excluded resources of excluded resources 514 can be sent based on or in response to indication 506-A / 506-B.

[0114] At 1114, the wireless device may be configured to receive data or pilot and / or reallocated pilot from the network node on an allocation outside of at least one frequency range based on the excluded resource list. In some aspects, 1114 may be performed by component 198. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the AF repeater 502, 902 may be configured to receive data or pilot 912 on an allocation that is not in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources 514, 908 based on the excluded resource list, the indication, and / or the excluded resources 514, 908 as sent by the base station 504, 904. The AF repeater 502, 902 may be configured to receive data or pilot 912 based on the indication and / or the excluded resource list of the excluded resources 514, 908, and the base station 504, 904 may be configured to send data or pilot 912 on an allocation in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources of the indication and / or the excluded resource list of the excluded resources 514, 908 but at increased power. The AF repeater 502, 902 may be configured to receive data or a pilot 912 that is reallocated relative to interference based on an indication and / or a list of excluded resources of the excluded resources 514, 908, and the base station 504, 904 may be configured to send data or a pilot 912 that is reallocated relative to interference based on an indication and / or a list of excluded resources of the excluded resources 514, 908, as described herein.

[0115] At 1116, the wireless device may be configured to send a request to the network node to perform or re-perform a DPD training session based on an operating state at the wireless device, wherein receiving the first indication from the network node is in response to sending the request, and / or configured to send an updated indication of at least one of an updated measured set of NL characteristics or an updated measured set of droop characteristics to the network node after the second indication and based on the operating state at the wireless device. In some aspects, 1116 may be performed by component 198. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8, the AF repeater 502, 902 may be configured to send an updated indication and / or a request for training 518 to the base station 504. In various aspects, the updated indication and / or the request for training 518 may be sent by the base station 504 without being in response to an indication such as indication 506-A / 506-B. That is, in various aspects, the AF repeater 502 may be configured to update the wireless device based on an operating state at the wireless device (such as, but not limited to, a sudden failure or temperature change at the AF repeater 502, an aging parameter associated with the effectiveness of the NL feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in 506-A), etc.) to send the updated indication and / or request for training 518 to the base station 504. In other words, the AF repeater 502 can be configured to send the updated indication and / or request for training 518 to the base station 504 based on its conditions and without an explicit request from the base station 504 (e.g., such as indications 506-A / 506-B).

[0116] Figure 12 1200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, 504, 602, 702, 820; network entity 1502). At 1202, the network node is configured to send, to a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set. In some aspects, 1202 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the base station 504 may be configured to send a set of NL characteristics (eg, coefficients) and / or a set of droop characteristics (eg, coefficients) (eg, Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the indication 506-A may include an indication of one or more conditions associated with the NL and / or droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) of the conditions of the report, which is related to the training session above (e.g., in Figure 5 510 in the example), to be sent from the AF repeater 502 and received by the base station 504 (e.g., at Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 Conditions may include, but are not limited to, bandwidth, power, TCI state, and / or frequency, and indication 506-A may also include one or more condition parameters, such as, but not limited to, measured device temperature, and a set of NL characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the NL kernel parameters may include a number of NL kernels, a definition of each NL kernel in the number of NL kernels (e.g., m, s, and p representing the kernel: x(nm)·|x(ns)|p), a first measurement target associated with the direct PA response, a first measurement target associated with the NL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and / or a receiving port associated with at least one NL characteristic of the indication and / or excluded resource 514. In various aspects, the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 712) or the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 The base station 504 may include storing the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) in one or more of the data structures, and the base station 504 can be configured based on the NL / droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 The base station 504 may send an indication 506-A based on a change in state of one or more of the following parameters: 806 of the AF repeater 502 (e.g., bandwidth, power, TCI state, frequency, temperature, TX beam of the AF repeater 502, and / or aging parameters). In various aspects, a timestamp may be utilized to determine whether retraining is desired due to aging. The base station 504 may be configured to send the indication 506-A via RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and may include in the indication 506-A whether the NL / droop characteristic (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In other words, the base station 504 can use this information to decide whether retraining should be performed for a given parameter set (e.g., Figure 5510 in Figure 8 812 in ), and if so, the report definition can be signaled via indication 506-A.

[0117] At 1204, the network node is configured to receive from the wireless device one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; or (2) at least one of an excluded resource list associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session. In some aspects, 1204 may be performed by component 199. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the base station 504 may be configured to receive an indication from the AF repeater 502 and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 In various aspects, the indication may be for a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and the excluded resources (e.g., Figure 9 908) can be a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device and / or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 908) in can be a report of the conditions mentioned above and can be provided based on the definition of the report in indication 506-A.

[0118] Figure 13 1300 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network node (e.g., base station 102, 504, 602, 702, 820; network entity 1502). At 1302, the network node may be configured to send, for a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL characteristic set or a droop characteristic set. In some aspects, 1302 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the base station 504 may be configured to send a set of NL characteristics (eg, coefficients) and / or a set of droop characteristics (eg, coefficients) (eg, Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the indication 506-A may include an indication of one or more conditions associated with the NL and / or droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) of the conditions of the report, which is related to the training session above (e.g., in Figure 5 510 in the example), to be sent from the AF repeater 502 and received by the base station 504 (e.g., at Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 Conditions may include, but are not limited to, bandwidth, power, TCI state, and / or frequency, and indication 506-A may also include one or more condition parameters, such as, but not limited to, measured device temperature, and a set of NL characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the NL kernel parameters may include a number of NL kernels, a definition of each NL kernel in the number of NL kernels (e.g., m, s, and p representing the kernel: x(nm)·|x(ns)|p), a first measurement target associated with the direct PA response, a first measurement target associated with the NL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) and / or a receiving port associated with at least one NL characteristic of the indication and / or excluded resource 514. In various aspects, the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 712) or the PA (e.g., Figure 6 PA of 606; Figure 7 The base station 504 may include storing the NL characteristic set and / or the droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8806) in one or more of the data structures, and the base station 504 can be configured based on the NL / droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 The base station 504 may send an indication 506-A based on a change in state of one or more of the following parameters: 806 of the AF repeater 502 (e.g., bandwidth, power, TCI state, frequency, temperature, TX beam of the AF repeater 502, and / or aging parameters). In various aspects, a timestamp may be utilized to determine whether retraining is desired due to aging. The base station 504 may be configured to send the indication 506-A via RRC signaling or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and may include in the indication 506-A whether the NL / droop characteristic (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 In other words, the base station 504 can use this information to decide whether retraining should be performed for a given parameter set (e.g., Figure 5 510 in Figure 8 812 in ), and if so, the report definition can be signaled via indication 506-A.

[0119] At 1304, the network node may be configured to receive an indication of at least one resource and / or gap for a DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. In some aspects, 1304 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the base station 504 may be configured to receive an indication 508 sent by the AF repeater 502, wherein the indication 508 may indicate a characteristic associated with the NL feature set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 At least one resource of the DPD training session at 510 associated with 806 of 510 and / or associated with a droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the gap resources of the DPD training session at 510.

[0120] At 1306, the network node may be configured to send at least one resource and / or gap of a DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. In some aspects, 1306 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the base station 504 may be configured to send at least one resource (e.g., via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a MAC-CE) to the AF relay 502. Figure 5 At least one resource (e.g., via a conditional resource response to an indication 508 in Figure 5 The conditional resource response of the indication 508 in the DL reference signal may be based on a downlink reference signal and may be periodic, aperiodic and / or semi-persistent and may be based on existing DL resources such as, but not limited to, DM-RS, CSI-RS, TRS, etc. In the scenario where the special resource request is indicated by the indication 508, the conditional resource response may be sent by the base station 504 and received by the AF relay 502, the conditional resource response including the conditional resource response related to the DL characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 At least one resource of the DPD training session at 510 associated with 806 of 510 and / or associated with a droop characteristic set (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in ) associated with the gap resources of the DPD training session at 510.

[0121] At 1308, the network node may be configured to receive from the wireless device one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; or (2) at least one of an excluded resource list associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the excluded resource list, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a DPD training session. In some aspects, 1308 may be performed by component 199. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the base station 504 may be configured to receive an indication from the AF repeater 502 and / or excluded resources 514 (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 In various aspects, the indication may be for a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8806) and the excluded resources (e.g., Figure 9 908) can be a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device and / or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806 in; for example, Figure 9 908) in can be a report of the conditions mentioned above and can be provided based on the definition of the report in indication 506-A.

[0122] At 1310, the network node may be configured to determine whether it should manage the next data allocation. In some aspects, 1310 may be performed by component 199. For example, base station 504 may be configured to determine whether there is a data allocation that does not utilize pre-equalization. If base station 504 determines at 1310 that there is a next data allocation to be managed in this manner, flowchart 1300 continues to 1312; if not, flowchart 1300 continues to 1314.

[0123] At 1312, the network node may be configured to manage frequency allocation for data communications of the wireless device without pre-equalization based on the location experiencing droop at the wireless device. In some aspects, 1312 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 , the base station 504 can be configured to identify the exact frequency location that is experiencing droop, and in the absence of performing pre-equalization (or if the bandwidth is sufficiently small), the base station 504 can manage the frequency allocation so that the data does not "fall" on the affected / corrupted frequency. Using this specific implementation, the base station 504 can avoid pre-equalization and still benefit from the optimal LB (e.g., optimal noise enhancement). From 1312, the flowchart 1300 can return to 1310 to determine whether there is another next frequency allocation for the data.

[0124] At 1314, the network node may be configured to apply pre-equalization and / or DPD to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. In some aspects, 1314 may be performed by component 199. For example, referring to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 , the base station 504 may be configured to perform a droop based on a set of NL characteristics or a set of droop characteristics (e.g., Figure 6 Measurement,information in, Figure 7 Measurement,signaling in; Figure 8 806) to at least one of the pre-equalization and / or DPD at 516 (e.g., Figure 8802) is applied to at least one component associated with the DPD training session at 510 (e.g., Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 In various aspects, the pre-equalization and / or DPD at 516 (e.g., Figure 8 802) can be applied at base station 504. For example, pre-equalization and / or DPD at 516 (e.g., Figure 8 802) can be applied to the DPD RX of the base station 504 (e.g., Figure 6 DPD RX of 602; Figure 7 710 in; Figure 8 Additionally or alternatively, the base station 504 can be configured to exclude or reallocate resources at 516, as further described herein.

[0125] At 1316, the network node may be configured to transmit data or pilot not on the allocation in the at least one frequency range based on the excluded resource list for the wireless device, transmit data or pilot on the allocation in the at least one frequency range with increased power, and / or transmit pilot regarding interference reallocation. In some aspects, 1316 may be performed by component 199. For example, with reference to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 , the base station 504, 904 can be configured to send data or pilot 912 to the AF repeater 502, 902 that is not on an allocation in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources of the indicated and / or excluded resources 514, 908 based on the excluded resource list of the indicated and / or excluded resources 514, 908. The base station 504, 904 can be configured to send data or pilot 912 to the AF repeater 502, 902 that is on an allocation in at least one frequency range of the excluded resources of the indicated and / or excluded resources 514, 908 but at increased power based on the excluded resource list of the indicated and / or excluded resources 514, 908. The base station 504, 904 can be configured to send the data or pilot 912 to the AF repeater 502, 902 that is reallocated with respect to interference based on the excluded resource list of the indicated and / or excluded resources 514, 908, as described herein.

[0126] Figure 1414 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1404. The apparatus 1404 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may include a cellular baseband processor 1424 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1422 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1424 may include on-chip memory 1424′. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1420 and an application processor 1406 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1408 and a screen 1410. The application processor 1406 may include on-chip memory 1406′. In some aspects, the device 1404 may also include a Bluetooth module 1412, a WLAN module 1414, an SPS module 1416 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1418 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1426, a power source 1430, and / or a camera 1432. The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antenna 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 communicates with the UE 104 and / or RUs associated with the network entity 1402 via the transceiver 1422 via one or more antennas 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1424', 1406', respectively. The additional memory module 1426 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', 1426 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406, the software enables the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1404 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406, and in another configuration, the device 1404 may be the entire UE (e.g., see ). Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1404.

[0127] As discussed above, component 198 is configured to obtain a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a set of NL characteristics or a set of droop characteristics. The apparatus is further configured to measure at least one of the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session. Component 198 is further configured to send one or more of the following to a network node: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. Component 198 may also be configured to perform a DPD training session. Component 198 may also be configured to send a request to the network node to perform or re-perform a DPD training session based on an operating state at the wireless device, wherein to obtain the first indication, at least one processor is configured to receive the first indication from the network node in response to the request. Component 198 may also be configured to, following the second indication and based on an operational state at the wireless device, send an updated indication of at least one of an updated measured set of NL characteristics or an updated measured set of droop characteristics to the network node. Component 198 may also be configured to send a third indication of at least one resource for a DPD training session associated with the NL characteristic set. Component 198 may also be configured to receive at least one resource for a DPD training session associated with the NL characteristic set, wherein to measure the NL characteristic set, the at least one processor is configured to measure the NL characteristic set for the at least one resource. Component 198 may also be configured to send a third indication to the network node comprising a request to enable or disable DPD for at least one of a PUSCH, a PUCCH, or an SS B channel. Component 198 may also be configured to send a third indication of a gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop characteristic set. Component 198 may also be configured to receive a fourth indication of a gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop characteristic set, wherein to measure the droop characteristic set, at least one processor is configured to measure the droop characteristic set during the gap. Component 198 may also be configured to receive data or pilot on an allocation outside of at least one frequency range from the network node based on the excluded resource list. Component 198 may also be configured to receive a pilot regarding interference reallocation from the network node and based on the excluded resource list, wherein the reallocated pilot is based on at least one of: an updated BWP to avoid RBs affected by interference, at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain location (L0) of a CSI-RS, a resource element offset of a PT-RS, or a pattern shift of one or more RBs of a DM-RS pattern. Component 198 may be configured to perform a combination Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 described and / or by Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 81406. The component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, or both the cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the foregoing. As shown, the device 1404 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) includes a component for obtaining a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set. In this configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) includes means for measuring at least one of a set of NL characteristics or a set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics or the set of droop characteristics is associated with a DPD training session. In this configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) includes means for sending, to the network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for performing a DPD training session. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for sending a request to a network node to perform or re-perform a DPD training session based on an operating state at the wireless device, wherein obtaining a first indication comprises receiving the first indication from the network node in response to sending the request. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for sending an updated indication of at least one of an updated measured set of NL characteristics or an updated measured set of droop characteristics to the network node after the second indication and based on the operating state at the wireless device. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for sending a third indication of at least one resource of the DPD training session associated with the NL characteristic set.In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for receiving at least one resource of a DPD training session associated with a droop feature set, wherein measuring the NL feature set comprises measuring the NL feature set of the at least one resource. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for sending a third indication to the network node, the third indication comprising a request to enable or disable DPD for at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink control channel (PUCCH), or a synchronization signal block (SSB) channel. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for sending a third indication of a gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop feature set. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for receiving a fourth indication of a gap in a DPD training session associated with a droop characteristic set, wherein measuring the droop characteristic set includes measuring the droop characteristic set during the gap. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for receiving data or pilot on an allocation outside of at least one frequency range from a network node based on the excluded resource list. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for receiving, from a network node, pilots for interference reallocation based on a list of excluded resources, wherein the reallocated pilots are based on at least one of: an updated BWP to avoid interference-affected RBs, at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain location (L0) of a CSI-RS, a resource element offset of a PT-RS, or a pattern shift of one or more RBs of a DM-RS pattern. In one configuration, the apparatus 1404 (and specifically the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) may include means for performing combining. Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 described and / or by Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8The UE of the present invention may be a component 198 of the apparatus 1404 configured to perform the functions recited by the component. As described above, the apparatus 1404 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0128] Figure 15 Figure 1500 illustrates an example hardware implementation for a network entity 1502. Network entity 1502 may be a base station (BS), a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. Network entity 1502 may include at least one of a CU 1510, a DU 1530, or a RU 1540. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by component 199, network entity 1502 may include a CU 1510; both the CU 1510 and the DU 1530; each of the CU 1510, the DU 1530, and the RU 1540; the DU 1530; both the DU 1530 and the RU 1540; or the RU 1540. CU 1510 may include a CU processor 1512. CU processor 1512 may include on-chip memory 1512′. In some aspects, CU 1510 may also include an additional memory module 1514 and a communication interface 1518. The CU 1510 communicates with the DU 1530 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1530 may include a DU processor 1532. The DU processor 1532 may include on-chip memory 1532′. In some aspects, the DU 1530 may also include an additional memory module 1534 and a communication interface 1538. The DU 1530 communicates with the RU 1540 via a fronthaul link. The RU 1540 may include a RU processor 1542. The RU processor 1542 may include on-chip memory 1542′. In some aspects, the RU 1540 may also include an additional memory module 1544, one or more transceivers 1546, an antenna 1580, and a communication interface 1548. The RU 1540 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memories 1512′, 1532′, 1542′ and the additional memory modules 1514, 1534, 1544 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1512, 1532, 1542 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. This software, when executed by the corresponding processor, enables the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0129] As discussed above, component 199 is configured to send, to the wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. Component 199 is further configured to receive, from the wireless device, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indices to the list of excluded resources, wherein at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set is associated with a DPD training session. Component 199 may be configured to apply at least one of pre-equalization or DPD to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the droop feature set or the NL feature set. Component 199 may be configured to receive a third indication of at least one resource or slot of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. Component 199 may be configured to send at least one resource or slot of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. Component 199 may be configured to manage frequency allocations for data communications of a wireless device without pre-equalization based on locations experiencing droop at the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to transmit, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, data or pilot on allocations not in at least one frequency range. Component 199 may be configured to transmit, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, data or pilot on allocations in at least one frequency range at increased power. Component 199 may be configured to transmit, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, pilots regarding interference reallocation. Component 199 may be configured to perform a combined Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 described and / or by Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 81502. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1510, DU 1530, and RU 1540. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the recited processes / algorithms, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 1502 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 1502 includes means for sending, for a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of an NL feature set or a droop feature set. In this configuration, the network entity 1502 includes means for receiving from the wireless device one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources, wherein at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set is associated with a DPD training session. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for applying at least one of pre-equalization or DPD to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the droop feature set or the NL feature set. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for receiving a third indication of at least one resource or gap of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for sending at least one resource or gap of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for managing frequency allocations for data communications of the wireless device without pre-equalization based on locations experiencing droop at the wireless device. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for transmitting, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, data or pilot on allocations not in at least one frequency range. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for transmitting, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, data or pilot on allocations in at least one frequency range at increased power. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include means for transmitting, for the wireless device and based on a list of excluded resources, pilots regarding interference reallocation.

[0130] In one configuration, the network entity 1502 may include a Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 described and / or by Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 1502. The network entity 1502 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the component may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the component.

[0131] Wireless communication networks may be designed for wireless communication via repeaters, such as amplify-and-forward (AF) repeaters. The capabilities of such repeaters may be degraded and / or underutilized due to timing limitations and impairments associated with their performance, such as link budget, distortion, droop, internal and / or external interference, etc. Existing wireless networks lack the ability to apply digital pre-distortion and pre-equalization at AF repeaters. Furthermore, the increasing impact of internal and external interference at AF repeaters may not be known to other network devices, such as base stations, and processing constraints at AF repeaters may prohibit self-remediation of interference.

[0132] Various aspects presented herein provide improvements by training for nonlinear and droop characteristics / coefficients at the AF repeater, thereby enabling the base station to apply digital predistortion and pre-equalization for the AF repeater, and also provide improvements to AF repeater-driven exclusion indications for resources allocated by the base station to avoid or mitigate interference experienced by the AF repeater. For example, various aspects provide for the addition of a DPD receiver (DPD RX) component that can be positioned in series with a baseline DPD transmitter (DPD TX) of the base station, wherein the DPD RX component can be configured to compensate for or fix the nonlinear (NL) characteristics / coefficients for a particular hop (e.g., for the PA). For droop, various aspects enable a controller to be used to acquire / measure the droop response of the AF repeater so that the repeater can provide information about the droop characteristics to the base station, which can use the information to perform pre-equalization. For interference management, various aspects provide for the AF repeater / controller to learn interference patterns and request from the network (e.g., base station) that certain resources associated with the interference are not allocated. Thus, aspects provide improvements in performance (eg, for AF repeaters LB), power efficiency, and signal quality while maintaining adherence to timing constraints.

[0133] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely illustrative of an exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0134] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated, references to elements in the singular do not mean "one and only one," but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when...", do not imply immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met, the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the action to occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be interpreted as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If a first device receives data from a second device or sends data to a second device, data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," and "device" cannot replace the word "component." Therefore, no claim element will be interpreted as a functional component unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0135] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0136] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0137] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a set of nonlinear (NL) characteristics or a set of droop characteristics; measuring the set of NL characteristics or at least one of the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of NL characteristics or at least one of the set of droop characteristics is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session; and sending one or more of the following to a network node: (1) a second indication of at least one of the measured set of NL characteristics or the measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or at least one of a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources.

[0138] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein obtaining the first indication includes: receiving the first indication from the network node, or wherein the method further includes: performing the DPD training session.

[0139] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 and 2, the method further comprising at least one of the following: based on the operating state at the wireless device, sending a request to the network node to execute or re-execute the DPD training session, wherein obtaining the first indication comprises: receiving the first indication from the network node in response to sending the request; or after the second indication and based on the operating state at the wireless device, sending an updated indication of at least one of the updated measured set of NL characteristics or the updated measured set of droop characteristics to the network node.

[0140] Aspect 4 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein the first indication is stored in a memory of the wireless device and corresponds to a previous indication of the one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set, and wherein obtaining the first indication includes: obtaining the first indication based on an operating state at the wireless device.

[0141] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1, 2 and 4, the method further comprising: sending a third indication of at least one resource of the DPD training session associated with the NL feature set; and receiving the at least one resource of the DPD training session associated with the NL feature set, wherein measuring the NL feature set includes: measuring the NL feature set of the at least one resource.

[0142] Aspect 6 is a method according to aspect 5, wherein receiving the at least one resource includes: receiving the at least one resource via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and wherein the at least one resource is based on a downlink reference signal, or wherein the at least one resource is periodic, non-periodic or semi-persistent.

[0143] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the one or more conditions include at least one of bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, or frequency, wherein the first indication includes one or more condition parameters, wherein the one or more condition parameters include at least one of the following: the measured device temperature; one or more aging parameters associated with the validity of the NL feature set; or at least one NL kernel parameter, and wherein sending the second indication includes: sending the second indication based on the one or more condition parameters.

[0144] Aspect 8 is a method according to Aspect 7, wherein the at least one NL kernel parameter includes at least one of the following: the number of NL kernels, the definition of each NL kernel in the number of NL kernels, a first measurement target associated with a direct power amplifier (PA) response, a second measurement target associated with at least one NL characteristic in the NL characteristic set, or a receiving port associated with the second indication, wherein the NL characteristic set is measured for a power amplifier (PA) or an inverse of the PA.

[0145] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: sending a third indication to the network node, the third indication comprising a request to enable or disable DPD for at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink control channel (PUCCH), or a synchronization signal block (SSB) channel.

[0146] Aspect 10 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: sending a third indication of a gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop characteristic set; and receiving a fourth indication of the gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop characteristic set, wherein measuring the droop characteristic set includes: measuring the droop characteristic set during the gap.

[0147] Aspect 11 is a method according to aspect 10, wherein receiving the fourth indication of the gap includes: receiving the fourth indication via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and wherein the gap is based on a downlink reference signal, or wherein the gap is periodic, aperiodic, or semi-persistent.

[0148] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the one or more conditions include at least one of the bandwidth, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, frequency, or transmit beam of the wireless device, wherein the first indication includes one or more condition parameters, wherein the one or more condition parameters include at least one of the following: the measured device temperature; one or more aging parameters associated with the validity of the droop characteristic set; or at least one droop parameter, and wherein sending the second indication includes: sending the second indication based on the one or more condition parameters.

[0149] Aspect 13 is a method according to aspect 12, wherein the at least one droop parameter comprises at least one of a number of droop coefficients, at least one filter coefficient associated with droop, or an associated local oscillator frequency.

[0150] Aspect 14 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the wireless device stores the excluded resource list or the at least one of the indexed sets of the excluded resource list in a memory, wherein each entry of the excluded resource list includes at least one frequency range associated with the interference at the wireless device, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving data or pilot on an allocation outside the at least one frequency range from the network node based on the excluded resource list, wherein sending the excluded resource list or the at least one of the indexed sets of the excluded resource list comprises: sending the excluded resource list or the at least one of the indexed sets of the excluded resource list via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) for internal spurious interference, or sending the excluded resource list or the at least one of the indexed sets of the excluded resource list via the MAC-CE for external interference.

[0151] Aspect 15 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, the method further comprising: receiving, via at least one transceiver of the wireless device, a pilot regarding the interference reallocation from the network node and based on the excluded resource list, wherein the reallocated pilot is based on at least one of the following: an updated bandwidth part (BWP) of a resource block (RB) avoiding the interference; at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain position (L0) of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); a resource element offset of a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); or a pattern shift of one or more RBs of a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) pattern.

[0152] Aspect 16 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: sending a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a nonlinear (NL) characteristic set or a droop characteristic set to a wireless device; and receiving one or more of the following from the wireless device: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes for the excluded resource list, wherein the at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session.

[0153] Aspect 17 is a method according to aspect 16, the method further comprising: applying at least one of pre-equalization or DPD to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set.

[0154] Aspect 18 is a method according to aspect 17, wherein the at least one component associated with the DPD training session includes a DPD receiver of the network node, and wherein in order to apply the DPD to the DPD receiver, the at least one processor is configured to apply the DPD to the DPD receiver further based on at least one of a backhaul channel estimate or an inverse backhaul channel estimate.

[0155] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 18, the method further comprising: receiving a third indication of at least one resource or gap of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; and sending the at least one resource or the gap of the DPD training session associated with the NL feature set or at least one of the droop feature set.

[0156] Aspect 20 is a method according to aspect 19, wherein sending the at least one resource includes: sending the at least one resource via at least one transceiver of the network node and via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and wherein the at least one resource is based on a downlink reference signal, or wherein the at least one resource is periodic, non-periodic or semi-persistent.

[0157] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 20, wherein the memory of the network node stores a data structure including the NL feature set, and wherein sending the first indication is based on a state change of one or more NL features in the NL feature set, wherein the NL feature set includes at least one of bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, frequency, temperature, or aging parameters.

[0158] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 21, wherein the memory of the network node stores a data structure including the set of droop characteristics, and wherein sending the first indication is based on a state change of one or more droop characteristics in the set of droop characteristics, wherein the set of droop characteristics includes at least one of the bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, frequency, temperature, aging parameters or transmit beam of the wireless device.

[0159] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 22, further comprising managing frequency allocation of data communications of the wireless device without pre-equalization based on a location experiencing droop at the wireless device.

[0160] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 23, wherein each entry of the excluded resource list includes at least one frequency range associated with the interference at the wireless device, wherein receiving the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list includes: for internal spurious interference, receiving the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), or for external interference, receiving the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list via the MAC-CE.

[0161] Aspect 25 is a method according to aspect 24, further comprising transmitting, for the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list, data or pilot not on an allocation in the at least one frequency range.

[0162] Aspect 26 is a method according to aspect 24, further comprising transmitting, for the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list, data or pilot on the allocation in the at least one frequency range at increased power.

[0163] Aspect 27 is the method of aspect 24, further comprising sending a pilot regarding the interference reallocation to the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list.

[0164] Aspect 28 is a method according to aspect 27, wherein the reallocated pilot is based on at least one of: an updated bandwidth part (BWP) of a resource block (RB) to avoid being affected by the interference; at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain position (L0) of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); a resource element offset of a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); or a pattern shift of one or more RBs of a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) pattern.

[0165] Aspect 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 15 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0166] Aspect 30 is the apparatus of aspect 29, further comprising: at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0167] Aspect 31 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0168] Aspect 32 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code that, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0169] Aspect 33 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, and configured to implement any one of aspects 16 to 28 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0170] Aspect 34 is the apparatus of aspect 33, further comprising: at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0171] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for implementing any one of aspects 16 to 28.

[0172] Aspect 36 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code that, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to implement any one of aspects 16 to 28.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: obtaining a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a non-linear (NL) characteristic set or a droop characteristic set; measuring at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session; as well as Sending, to a network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to obtain the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to receive the first indication from the network node; or Wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform the DPD training session.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: sending a request to the network node to perform or re-perform the DPD training session based on an operational state at the wireless device, wherein to obtain the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to receive the first indication from the network node in response to the request; or Subsequent to the second indication and based on the operational state at the wireless device, an updated indication of at least one of an updated measured set of NL characteristics or an updated measured set of droop characteristics is sent to the network node.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first indication is configured to be stored in the memory of the wireless device and corresponds to a previous indication of the one or more conditions associated with at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set; and To obtain the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to obtain the first indication based on an operating state of the wireless device.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: sending a third indication of at least one resource of the DPD training session associated with the NL feature set; and The at least one resource of the DPD training session associated with the NL characteristic set is received, wherein to measure the NL characteristic set, the at least one processor is configured to measure the NL characteristic set of the at least one resource.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein to receive the at least one resource, the at least one processor is configured to receive the at least one resource via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and The at least one resource is based on a downlink reference signal, or the at least one resource is periodic, aperiodic or semi-persistent.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more conditions include at least one of bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, or frequency; The first indication includes one or more condition parameters, wherein the one or more condition parameters include at least one of the following: The measured device temperature, one or more aging parameters associated with the effectiveness of the NL feature set, or At least one NL kernel parameter; and In order to send the second indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the second indication based on the one or more conditional parameters.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one NL kernel parameter comprises at least one of: a number of NL kernels, a definition of each of the number of NL kernels, a first measurement target associated with a direct power amplifier (PA) response, a second measurement target associated with at least one NL characteristic in the set of NL characteristics, or a receive port associated with the second indication; To measure the set of NL characteristics, the at least one processor is configured to measure the set of NL characteristics for a power amplifier (PA) or an inverse of the PA.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A third indication is sent to the network node, the third indication comprising a request to enable or disable DPD for at least one of a physical downlink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink control channel (PUCCH), or a synchronization signal block (SSB) channel.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: sending a third indication of a gap in the DPD training session associated with the droop characteristic set; and A fourth indication of the gap in the DPD training session associated with the set of droop characteristics is received, wherein to measure the set of droop characteristics, the at least one processor is configured to measure the set of droop characteristics during the gap.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein to receive the fourth indication of the gap, the at least one processor is configured to receive the fourth indication via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and Wherein the gap is based on a downlink reference signal, or wherein the gap is periodic, aperiodic or semi-persistent.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more conditions comprise at least one of a bandwidth, a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, a frequency, or a transmit beam of the wireless device; The first indication includes one or more condition parameters, wherein the one or more condition parameters include at least one of the following: The measured device temperature, one or more aging parameters associated with the effectiveness of the set of droop characteristics, or at least one droop parameter; and In order to send the second indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the second indication based on the one or more conditional parameters.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to obtain the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to obtain the first indication via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the at least one droop parameter comprises at least one of a number of droop coefficients, at least one filter coefficient associated with droop, or an associated local oscillator frequency.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wireless device is configured to store in the memory the at least one of the excluded resource list or the indexed set of the excluded resource list, wherein each entry of the excluded resource list comprises at least one frequency range associated with the interference at the wireless device; and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving data or pilot on an allocation outside of the at least one frequency range from the network node based on the excluded resource list; Wherein, in order to send the excluded resource list or the at least one of the index sets of the excluded resource list, the at least one processor is configured to send the excluded resource list or the at least one of the index sets of the excluded resource list via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) for internal spurious interference, or to send the excluded resource list or the at least one of the index sets of the excluded resource list via the MAC-CE for external interference.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving pilots regarding the interference reallocation from the network node and based on the excluded resource list, wherein the reallocated pilots are based on at least one of: avoiding an updated bandwidth part (BWP) of resource blocks (RBs) affected by the interference; at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain location (L0) of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); Resource element offset of the Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS); or The pattern of one or more RBs of the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) pattern is shifted.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, configured to: sending, for a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a non-linear (NL) characteristic set or a droop characteristic set; and Receive one or more of the following from the wireless device: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes for the excluded resource list, wherein the NL feature set or at least one of the droop feature set is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: At least one of pre-equalization or DPD is applied to at least one component associated with the DPD training session based on at least one of the set of droop characteristics or the set of NL characteristics.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the at least one component associated with the DPD training session comprises a DPD receiver of the network node, and wherein to apply the DPD to the DPD receiver, the at least one processor is configured to apply the DPD to the DPD receiver further based on at least one of a backhaul channel estimate or an inverse backhaul channel estimate.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receiving a third indication of at least one resource or gap of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; and sending the at least one resource or the gap of the DPD training session associated with at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein to transmit the at least one resource, the at least one processor is configured to transmit the at least one resource via at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), and The at least one resource is based on a downlink reference signal, or the at least one resource is periodic, aperiodic or semi-persistent.

21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the memory of the network node is configured to store a data structure comprising the set of NL characteristics; and Wherein, in order to send the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the first indication based on a state change of one or more NL characteristics in the NL characteristic set, wherein the NL characteristic set includes at least one of bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, frequency, temperature or aging parameters.

22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the memory of the network node is configured to store a data structure comprising the set of droop characteristics; and Wherein, in order to send the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the first indication based on a state change of one or more droop characteristics in the droop characteristic set, wherein the droop characteristic set includes at least one of the bandwidth, power, transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, frequency, temperature, aging parameters or transmit beam of the wireless device.

23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Frequency allocation for data communications of the wireless device is managed without pre-equalization based on locations where droop is experienced at the wireless device.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each entry of the excluded resource list comprises at least one frequency range associated with the interference at the wireless device; Wherein, in order to receive the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list, the at least one processor is further configured to receive the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) for internal spurious interference, or to receive the excluded resource list associated with the interference at the wireless device or the at least one of the index sets for the excluded resource list via the MAC-CE for external interference.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Data or pilot is sent for the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list that is not on an allocation in the at least one frequency range.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Data or pilot on an allocation in the at least one frequency range is transmitted at increased power for the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list.

27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A pilot regarding the interference reallocation is sent to the wireless device and based on the excluded resource list.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to send the first indication, the at least one processor is configured to send the first indication via at least one of the transceiver or the antenna, and wherein the reallocated pilots are based on at least one of: avoiding an updated bandwidth part (BWP) of resource blocks (RBs) affected by the interference; at least one of a time domain allocation (K0) or a time domain location (L0) of a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); Resource element offset of the Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS); or The pattern of one or more RBs of the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) pattern is shifted.

29. A method of wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a non-linear (NL) characteristic set or a droop characteristic set; measuring at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set, wherein at least one of the NL characteristic set or the droop characteristic set is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session; as well as Sending, to a network node, one or more of: (1) a second indication of at least one of a measured set of NL characteristics or a measured set of droop characteristics; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes to the list of excluded resources.

30. A method of wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: sending, for a wireless device, a first indication of one or more conditions associated with at least one of a non-linear (NL) characteristic set or a droop characteristic set; as well as Receive one or more of the following from the wireless device: (1) a second indication of at least one of the NL feature set or the droop feature set; or (2) at least one of a list of excluded resources associated with interference at the wireless device or a set of indexes for the excluded resource list, wherein the NL feature set or at least one of the droop feature set is associated with a digital predistortion (DPD) training session.

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