Green, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for summer sowing silage corn

Abstract

The invention discloses a green, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for summer sowing silage corn, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a high-quality, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant grain and feed dual-purpose corn variety; land which is flat in plot, deep in soil layer, loose in soil, suitable for mechanical operation, complete in irrigation facility and convenient in traffic is selected as planting land; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning up sundries such as weeds and stones on selected land, then deeply plowing the land, spreading farmyard manure, carrying out rotary tillage on the land, and carrying out rotary tillage on the farmyard manure to enable the farmyard manure to enter the soil; planting in wide and narrow rows by adopting a mode of reducing plant spacing and increasing density; a controlled-release fertilizer special for corn and 3% phoxim are selected and mixed to serve as a base fertilizer; the seeds and the pesticide fertilizer are separately loaded into a corn rolling sowing machine for sowing; pre-emergence weeding is carried out after sowing is completed; during the growth period of the corn, thinning, final singling, seedling topdressing and insect prevention are carried out; in the corn field management process, irrigation and drainage need to be made in time, and it is guaranteed that enough water is needed for corn growth; and harvesting the corns in the later stage of dough ripening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of silage corn, and in particular to a green, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn. Background Art

[0002] Silage corn generally refers to corn grown as fresh corn stems and leaves for feed, and can be grown multiple times a year. Compared to regular (kernel) corn, silage corn boasts higher biomass yield, better fiber quality, longer-lasting greenness, and optimal dry matter and moisture contents. Silage corn is harvested, chopped, and stored in siloes or silo towers in the late milky stage, allowing it to be used as feed for dairy and beef cattle for extended periods.

[0003] The development of silage corn effectively promotes the adjustment of agricultural planting structure, significantly increases the income of farmers and herdsmen, realizes the organic combination of the three-pronged structure of grain, feed and cash, extends the corn industry chain, and promotes the healthy development of animal husbandry. Therefore, the demand for silage corn is increasing, and the planting area is also constantly expanding. However, the existing silage corn planting methods have certain shortcomings that need to be improved. The current silage corn planting has the following main shortcomings: First, ordinary compound fertilizer is mainly used as base fertilizer; second, farmyard manure is not applied or is applied in small amounts; third, mechanized precision and semi-precision sowing is not used or is used in small amounts, resulting in large seed waste; fourth, the silage corn planting density is low or too high, resulting in low silage corn biomass yield; fifth, improper fertilizer and water management period and usage amount lead to low fertilizer utilization rate, short plant growth, and low biomass yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application is implemented by providing a green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn. By increasing the application of farmyard manure, the soil aggregate structure can be effectively improved, the growth of corn roots can be promoted, and a good foundation for high yield can be laid; by planting in wide and narrow rows, the ventilation and light required for corn growth can be effectively solved, and the problems of poor pollination and low fruit set rate caused by excessive density can be solved; by using controlled-release fertilizers, the amount of fertilizer used can be reduced, thereby reducing soil pollution and fertilizer input; by mechanized sowing and harvesting, the labor cost input can be effectively reduced, the sowing quality can be ensured to be uniform and consistent, and the corn seedlings can be uniform and consistent, laying the foundation for high yield; by scientific weed and insect control, the prevention and control effect can be effectively improved, the repeated waste of prevention and control input can be reduced, and better prevention and control effects can be achieved.

[0005] The present invention provides a green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0006] (1) Seed selection: Select high-quality, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant corn varieties for both grain and feed use. The seeds must be legal, the planting area must be consistent with the approved area or have a record of introduction, the seeds must be coated, and the seeds must be uniform;

[0007] (2) Site selection: Select land with flat land, deep soil layer, loose soil, suitable for mechanized operation, complete irrigation facilities and convenient transportation as the planting site;

[0008] (3) Land preparation: First, weeds, stones and other debris on the land selected in (2) above are cleaned up, and then the land is deep-turned. After that, 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure is spread per mu, and the land is rotary-tilled to rotate the farmyard manure into the soil. The soil is required to be fine, broken and loose.

[0009] (4) Determination of planting specifications and planting density: adopt the method of reducing plant spacing and increasing density, planting in wide and narrow rows, with wide rows of 80-90 cm and narrow rows of 30-40 cm, plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and density controlled at 4000-5500 plants;

[0010] (5) Mixing fertilizer: Select a controlled-release fertilizer for corn and 3% phoxim, mix them at a rate of 40 kg / mu of controlled-release fertilizer and 2-3 kg / mu of phoxim, and mix them into a fertilizer to be used as base fertilizer and to control underground pests;

[0011] (6) Sowing: The seeds of (1) and the fertilizers of (6) are separately loaded into a corn rotary seeder for mechanized semi-precision sowing, so that the seeds and fertilizers are sown together and separated;

[0012] (7) Weeding: After the completion of (6) above, spray the sown plots evenly with herbicide diluted with water to carry out pre-emergence weeding;

[0013] (8) Field management: 15-20 days after corn sowing, carry out thinning, transplanting, topdressing and pest control. Remove small, weak and mixed seedlings, leaving single seedlings, thinning and transplanting, apply 3-5 kg of urea per mu, topdress fertilizer for seedlings, spray with insecticide diluted with water to prevent and control fall armyworms, and spray again after 5-7 days; 40-45 days after corn sowing, apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu as the second topdressing. If fall armyworm damage is found, spray with insecticide again for prevention and control; 55-60 days after corn sowing, apply 20-25 kg of urea per mu as the third topdressing, and spray with herbicide diluted with water to prevent weeds for the second time; in the process of corn field management, timely drainage and irrigation should be carried out to ensure sufficient water for corn growth;

[0014] (9) Harvesting: When corn enters the waxy late stage and reaches 2 / 3 of the milk line, the whole plant is harvested.

[0015] Further selection is made for a class of disease-resistant corn varieties that mature on live stalks and have higher biological yield and grain yield.

[0016] Further, we selected plots of land with flat soil and convenient transportation to facilitate mechanized sowing and harvesting.

[0017] Further, use a plow to deep plow the land. Depending on the softness of the land, the plow should deep plow the land at least twice, then spread farmyard manure, and then use a rotary tiller to fully mix the farmyard manure and soil, and ensure that the farmyard manure used is fully decomposed.

[0018] Further use of a rotary seeder that applies seeds and fertilizers at the same time can adjust the row spacing according to the plot of land, effectively improving land utilization.

[0019] When further sowing with a roller seeder, sow 2 seeds at a time, and thin out the seedlings after they emerge to ensure that the seedlings are even and uniform in the field.

[0020] Furthermore, 1-2 days after sowing, water the seeds in time using a sprayer to ensure that the seeds germinate in time and the soil is moist, avoiding high water content in the soil that affects seed germination.

[0021] Furthermore, the amount of topdressing should be based on the growth of corn and the target yield. Water and fertilizer should be controlled during the seedling stage to promote root growth and avoid excessive plant growth. The amount of water and fertilizer required during the jointing and heading stages is relatively large, so water and fertilizer management should be done well.

[0022] Furthermore, harvesting should be timely to avoid harvesting too early or too late, which will affect the quality and yield of silage. A combine harvester can be used for harvesting to reduce labor costs and improve planting efficiency.

[0023] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: by increasing the application of farmyard manure, the soil aggregate structure can be effectively improved, the growth of corn roots can be promoted, and a good foundation for high yield can be laid; by planting in wide and narrow rows, the ventilation and light required for corn growth can be effectively solved, and the problems of poor pollination and low fruit set rate caused by excessive density can be solved; by using controlled-release fertilizers, the amount of fertilizer used can be reduced, thereby reducing soil pollution and fertilizer input; by mechanized sowing and harvesting, the labor cost input can be effectively reduced, the sowing quality can be ensured to be uniform and consistent, and the corn seedlings can be uniform and consistent, laying the foundation for high yield; by scientific weed and insect control, the prevention and control effect can be effectively improved, the repeated waste of prevention and control input can be reduced, and better prevention and control effects can not be achieved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) Seed selection: Select high-quality, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant corn varieties for both grain and feed use. The seeds must be legal, the planting area must be consistent with the approved area or have a record of introduction, the seeds must be coated, and the seeds must be uniform;

[0029] (2) Site selection: Select land with flat land, deep soil layer, loose soil, suitable for mechanized operation, complete irrigation facilities and convenient transportation as the planting site;

[0030] (3) Land preparation: First, weeds, stones and other debris on the land selected in (2) above are cleaned up, and then the land is deep-turned. After that, 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure is spread per mu, and the land is rotary-tilled to rotate the farmyard manure into the soil. The soil is required to be fine, broken and loose.

[0031] (4) Determination of planting specifications and planting density: adopt the method of reducing plant spacing and increasing density, planting in wide and narrow rows, with wide rows of 80-90 cm and narrow rows of 30-40 cm, plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and density controlled at 4000-5500 plants;

[0032] (5) Mixing fertilizer: Select a controlled-release fertilizer for corn and 3% phoxim, mix them at a rate of 40 kg / mu of controlled-release fertilizer and 2-3 kg / mu of phoxim, and mix them into a fertilizer to be used as base fertilizer and to control underground pests;

[0033] (6) Sowing: The seeds of (1) and the fertilizers of (6) are separately loaded into a corn rotary seeder for mechanized semi-precision sowing, so that the seeds and fertilizers are sown together and separated;

[0034] (7) Weeding: After the completion of (6) above, spray the sown plots evenly with herbicide diluted with water to carry out pre-emergence weeding;

[0035] (8) Field management: 15-20 days after corn sowing, carry out thinning, transplanting, topdressing and pest control. Remove small, weak and mixed seedlings, leaving single seedlings, thinning and transplanting, apply 3-5 kg of urea per mu, topdress fertilizer for seedlings, spray with insecticide diluted with water to prevent and control fall armyworms, and spray again after 5-7 days; 40-45 days after corn sowing, apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu as the second topdressing. If fall armyworm damage is found, spray with insecticide again for prevention and control; 55-60 days after corn sowing, apply 20-25 kg of urea per mu as the third topdressing, and spray with herbicide diluted with water to prevent weeds for the second time; in the process of corn field management, timely drainage and irrigation should be carried out to ensure sufficient water for corn growth;

[0036] (9) Harvesting: When corn enters the waxy late stage and reaches 2 / 3 of the milk line, the whole plant is harvested.

[0037] Select a disease-resistant corn variety that matures on live stalks and has higher biological yield and grain yield.

[0038] Choose a plot of land with flat soil and convenient transportation to facilitate mechanized sowing and harvesting.

[0039] Use a plow to deep plow the land. Depending on the softness of the land, the plow should deep plow the land at least twice, then spread farmyard manure, and then use a rotary tiller to fully mix the farmyard manure and soil, making sure that the farmyard manure used is fully decomposed.

[0040] Using a rotary seeder that applies seeds and fertilizers at the same time, the row spacing can be adjusted according to the plot of land, effectively improving land utilization rate.

[0041] When using a rotary seeder to sow seeds, sow 2 seeds at a time. After the seedlings emerge, thin them out to ensure that the seedlings are even and uniform.

[0042] 1-2 days after sowing, use a sprayer to water the seeds in time to ensure that the seeds germinate in time and the soil is moist, avoiding high water content in the soil that affects seed germination.

[0043] The amount of topdressing should be based on the growth of corn and the target yield. Water and fertilizer should be controlled during the seedling stage to promote root growth and avoid excessive plant growth. The amount of water and fertilizer required during the jointing and heading stages is relatively high, so water and fertilizer management should be done well.

[0044] Harvesting should be timely to avoid harvesting too early or too late, which will affect the quality and yield of silage. A combine harvester can be used for harvesting to reduce labor costs and improve planting efficiency.

[0045] The technical solutions in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: by increasing the application of farmyard manure, the soil aggregate structure can be effectively improved, the growth of corn roots can be promoted, and a good foundation for high yield can be laid; by planting in wide and narrow rows, the ventilation and light required for corn growth can be effectively solved, and the problems of poor pollination and low fruit set rate caused by excessive density can be solved; by using controlled-release fertilizers, the amount of fertilizer used can be reduced, thereby reducing soil pollution and fertilizer input; by mechanized sowing and harvesting, the labor cost input can be effectively reduced, the sowing quality can be ensured to be uniform and consistent, and the corn seedlings can be uniform and consistent, laying the foundation for high yield; by scientific weed and insect control, the prevention and control effect can be effectively improved, the repeated waste of prevention and control input can be reduced, and better prevention and control effects can not be achieved.

[0046] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn, characterized by: Specifically, the following processes are included: (1) Seed selection: Select high-quality, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant corn varieties for both grain and feed use. The seeds must be legal, the planting area must be consistent with the approved area, and the seeds must be coated and uniform. (2) Site selection: Select land with flat land, deep soil layer, loose soil, suitable for mechanized operation, complete irrigation facilities and convenient transportation as the planting site; (3) Land preparation: First, weeds, stones and other debris on the land selected in (2) above are cleaned up, and then the land is deep-turned. After that, 2000-3000 kg of farmyard manure is spread per mu, and the land is rotary-tilled to rotate the farmyard manure into the soil. The soil is required to be fine, broken and loose. (4) Determination of planting specifications and planting density: adopt the method of reducing plant spacing and increasing density, planting in wide and narrow rows, with wide rows of 80-90 cm and narrow rows of 30-40 cm, plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and density controlled at 4000-5500 plants; (5) Mixing with pesticide fertilizer: Select a controlled-release fertilizer for corn and 3% phoxim, mix them at a rate of 40 kg / mu of controlled-release fertilizer and 2-3 kg / mu of phoxim, and mix them into a pesticide fertilizer to be used as base fertilizer and to control underground pests; (6) Sowing: The seeds of (1) and the fertilizers of (6) are separately loaded into a corn rotary seeder for mechanized semi-precision sowing, so that the seeds and fertilizers are sown together and separated; (7) Weeding: After the completion of (6) above, spray the sown plots evenly with herbicide diluted with water to carry out pre-emergence weeding; (8) Field management: 15-20 days after corn sowing, carry out thinning, transplanting, topdressing and pest control. Remove small, weak and mixed seedlings, leaving single seedlings, thinning and transplanting, apply 3-5 kg of urea per mu, topdress fertilizer for seedlings, spray with insecticide diluted with water to prevent and control fall armyworms, and spray again after 5-7 days; 40-45 days after corn sowing, apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu as the second topdressing. If fall armyworm damage is found, spray with insecticide again for prevention and control; 55-60 days after corn sowing, apply 20-25 kg of urea per mu as the third topdressing, and spray with herbicide diluted with water for the second weed control; During corn field management, timely irrigation and drainage should be done to ensure sufficient water for corn growth; (9) Harvesting: When corn enters the waxy late stage and reaches 2 / 3 of the milk line, the whole plant is harvested.

2. A green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: A class of disease-resistant corn varieties selected for biological yield and grain yield at live stalk maturity.

3. A green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use a plow to deep plow the land. Depending on the softness of the land, the plow should deep plow the land at least twice, then spread farmyard manure, and then use a rotary tiller to fully mix the farmyard manure and soil, making sure that the farmyard manure used is fully decomposed.

4. The green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using a rotary seeder that applies seeds and fertilizers at the same time, the row spacing can be adjusted according to the plot of land, effectively improving land utilization.

5. The green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: When using a rotary seeder to sow seeds, sow 2 seeds at a time. After the seedlings emerge, thin them out to ensure that the seedlings are even and uniform.

6. A green, high-quality and efficient cultivation method for summer-sown silage corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: 1-2 days after sowing, use a sprayer to water the seeds in time to ensure that the seeds germinate in time and the soil is moist, avoiding high water content in the soil that affects seed germination.