A structure and method for absorbing energy in lanes or tunnels

Abstract

The present invention discloses a structure and method for yielding energy absorption in a lane or tunnel, which relates to the field of underground support technology. It solves the problem of limited structural strength of spherical buffer parts in the prior art, and has the beneficial effects of ensuring structural strength and effectively dispersing stress. The specific scheme is as follows: A structure and method for yielding energy absorption in a lane or tunnel, comprising a support body, an outer shell is arranged on the top side of the support body, and a spherical support node is embedded in the inner side of the outer shell. The outer shell is a three-period minimal surface shell with a porous structure to disperse force and absorb energy. The outer shell is supported by a base inside the support body, and the spherical support node is formed by crossing multiple porous structure surface layers at the same place to disperse non-uniform stress and resist external load pressure. The interval angle between two adjacent porous structure surface layers is set, and the outer shell, spherical support node, base and support body together constitute a force system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of support technology, in particular to a structure and method for yielding energy absorption in a lane or tunnel. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In response to the impact ground pressure in coal mine tunnels, supports are usually installed for protection. The supports usually include pillars on both sides, which support the top beam. The existing support protection focuses on improving the support strength and lacks design for anti-impact. That is to say, the pillars on both sides are rigidly connected to the beam, and there is no flexible structural part for buffering. When the tunnel is subjected to impact pressure, the overall buffering capacity is weak, resulting in a short life of the support structure, which makes it easy for unstable torsion to occur between the beam and the pillars, especially for structures using corrugated steel beams.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, there is a solution of setting an energy-absorbing sphere on the top of the support body. The energy-absorbing sphere is a rubber, water bag or hollow metal sphere, which effectively absorbs the impact force when the whole body is impacted through a flexible structure. However, the problem is that the sphere and the lower support body are supported by points, resulting in limited connection strength between the sphere and the lower part. After all, the whole body is to play a supporting role, but the setting of the sphere is not convenient for connection with the support body, which will affect the overall support strength; in addition, the existing energy-absorbing sphere mainly relies on the overall elastic performance to absorb impact energy. The overall structural setting makes it impossible to effectively disperse stress when the surrounding rock stress changes, which makes it easy for unidirectional eccentricity to occur at the sphere, resulting in the problem of concentrated force.

[0005] In addition, the supporting structures in tunnels or the supports of other greenhouses also face the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a space-saving energy-absorbing structure in a roadway or tunnel to ensure the connection strength between the buffer structure and the support body, while effectively dispersing the stress transmitted by the surrounding rock.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A yield energy absorption structure in a lane or tunnel includes a support body, an outer shell is arranged on the top side of the support body, and a spherical support node is embedded in the inner side of the outer shell. The outer shell is a three-period minimal surface shell with a porous structure to disperse stress and absorb energy. The outer shell is supported by a base inside the support body. The spherical support nodes are formed by crossing multiple porous structure surface layers at the same place to disperse non-uniform stress and resist external load pressure. The interval angle between two adjacent porous structure surface layers is set. The outer shell, spherical support nodes, base and support body together constitute a force system.

[0009] The above-mentioned energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel is arranged on both sides of the lane or tunnel. Transverse support members are arranged on the top of the energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel on both sides. The transverse support members are supported by the top of the support body, and the outer shell is in contact with the transverse support members.

[0010] As described above, a space-yielding energy-absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel, the porous structure surface layer includes an annular member, the circumference of the annular member is a curved surface, a plurality of circular members are arranged inside the annular member, the plurality of circular members are connected to form an integral structural member, some of the circular members are connected to the annular member, some of the circular members are arranged to intersect with the circular members adjacent to them, and the interior of the circular members is hollowed out.

[0011] As described above, a space-saving energy-absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings inside the circular member, and the plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings in the circular member are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the circular member, and the diameter of the circular member is 200mm-600mm.

[0012] As described above, a space-yielding energy-absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel, wherein the outer shell is a cylindrical component or a hexahedral component, and the outer shell includes a top surface, a bottom surface and a side wall, the inner side of the side wall is an internal cavity, the side wall is connected to the top surface and the bottom surface respectively, the top surface, the bottom surface and the side wall are all provided with openings, the top surface and the side wall have the same structure, the bottom surface is a polygonal curved surface structure, the side wall is a spiral three-period minimal curved surface, and the side wall and the bottom surface are transitionally connected by a polygonal member.

[0013] As described above, a structure for absorbing energy in a lane or tunnel is provided, wherein the bottom surface includes multiple rows of polygonal parts, each row includes multiple polygonal parts, and adjacent polygonal parts in the same row are spaced apart. There are multiple recesses between adjacent rows of polygonal curved surfaces, and the recesses are placed between the four polygonal curved surfaces.

[0014] As described above, a space-yielding energy-absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel obtains a transition function between the bottom surface and the side wall of the shell through the control functions of the two, and obtains the control function of the shell through the transition function between the two, the constraint function of the side wall, and the control function of the cavity inside the shell.

[0015] As described above, in a lane or tunnel, the base is connected to the bottom of the shell, the base is scale-shaped, and adjacent scales on the base are spaced apart. The scales are arc-shaped and inclined relative to the central axis of the base.

[0016] In the above-mentioned energy-absorbing structure for yielding in a lane or tunnel, the support body is a support tube, and the interior of the support tube is filled with concrete on one side of the base.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for constructing a space-saving energy-absorbing structure in a roadway or tunnel, comprising the following contents:

[0018] Manufacturing spherical support nodes, wherein the spherical support nodes are formed by intersecting multiple porous structure surface layers at the same location;

[0019] The shell is printed using 3D printing technology, so that the shell is a three-periodic minimal surface shell with a porous structure. During the shell molding process, spherical support nodes are embedded inside the shell;

[0020] The top side of the support body supports the outer shell through the base.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1) In the present invention, the shell, spherical support node, base and support body together constitute a force-bearing system, and the shell and spherical support node form a buffer part at the top of the energy-absorbing structure, but the spherical support node is not directly connected to the base, and the spherical support node is embedded in the shell, and the shell is connected to the support body to ensure the contact area between the entire buffer part and the support body, avoid direct point contact between the spherical support node and the support body, and ensure the overall structural strength; the spherical support node is formed by the intersection of multiple porous structure surface layers, which effectively absorbs the non-uniform stress caused by the stress change of the surrounding rock, which is beneficial to improve the overall energy absorption effect, and the shell is a three-period minimal surface shell, so compared with the simple solid structure, it better cooperates with the spherical support node to work together, and is further beneficial to disperse the stress transmitted by the surrounding rock; the arrangement of the shell and the base makes the force below the spherical support node evenly buffered, avoiding the premature failure of the structure due to the concentrated force of unidirectional eccentricity.

[0023] 2) The spherical support node structure in the present invention is reasonably arranged. The spherical support node cooperates with the outer shell to improve the overall strength, can jointly resist external load pressure, and enhance the overall stability of the tunnel support structure. It is formed by a plurality of porous structure surface layers. The porous structure surface layer includes an annular member. A plurality of circular members are arranged inside the annular member. The circular member is hollowed out inside. The hollow part plays a role of buffering and energy absorption. When subjected to dynamic loads (such as earthquakes, impacts, etc.), it can effectively absorb and dissipate energy, and maintain a large volume while still having a lightweight effect.

[0024] 3) In the present invention, the outer shell adopts a cylindrical component or a hexahedral component, and the top and bottom surfaces include polygonal parts, recesses are set between the polygonal parts, and the side walls are spiral three-period minimal surfaces. In this way, when the outer shell is impacted, the top surface effectively absorbs the impact energy through the polygonal parts and the recesses, and the side wall structure further plays a role in absorbing the impact energy, which can be transmitted inward to the spherical support node and then further transmitted downward, effectively dispersing the load transmitted downward by the lateral support member, and the overall force can be evenly transmitted downward; the arrangement of the polygonal parts and the recesses can still have sufficient contact area with the base after the spherical support node is deformed, so that the outer shell structure and the spherical support node cooperate with each other to achieve the effect of multi-stage buffering and energy absorption, preventing the spherical support node from producing uneven deformation and causing serious sinking of the structure, thereby maintaining structural stability.

[0025] 4) The base structure of the present invention is reasonably arranged, and the base serves to connect the shell and the support body. In this way, the base is directly connected to the support body without the need for a spherical support node, which not only effectively ensures the connection strength of the overall structure but also facilitates the connection between the base and the support body; the base side is scaly to facilitate the uniform transmission of force.

[0026] 5) The overall structure of the present invention is rationally arranged, and the outer shell and the internal spherical support nodes are rationally matched, so that the overall structure has better connectivity and adaptability. Through the specially designed three-period minimal curved surface outer shell and the scaly base on the surrounding side, the load at the top node is effectively transferred to the surrounding and bottom of the support body. The internal spherical support nodes serve as a reinforcement phase to improve the overall energy absorption effect, effectively reducing the impact of impact loads on the roadway or tunnel support structure as a whole, and improving the stability of the roadway or tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a spherical support node in a yielding energy absorbing structure in a roadway or tunnel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a front view of a transverse support member for supporting a yielding energy absorbing structure in a roadway or tunnel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a transverse support member of a yield energy absorbing structure in a roadway or tunnel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention (the top of the support body is open).

[0031] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of a porous structure surface layer in a yield energy absorption structure in a roadway or tunnel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a top view of a spherical support node in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorption structure when the outer shell is removed according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a base in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorbing structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 It is a front view of a base in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorbing structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical shell in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorption structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of a cylindrical shell in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorption structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10 It is a cross-sectional top view of the outer shell of a yield energy absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of a square shell in a roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorption structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0040] Among them: 1. porous structure surface layer, 11. first porous structure surface layer, 12. second porous structure surface layer, 13. third porous structure surface layer, 14. annular member, 15. circular member, 16. arc triangular opening, 2. spherical support node, 3. base, 4. support body, 5. outer shell, 51. bottom surface, 52. side wall, 53. polygonal member, 54. recess, 55. opening, 6. transverse support member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly indicated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "comprising" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations;

[0043] As introduced in the background technology, the spherical pillar structure in the prior art has limited connection strength if it relies solely on the sphere to connect with the lower support body, and the stress cannot be effectively dispersed by relying on the entire sphere. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a yield energy absorption structure in a lane or tunnel.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a structure for yielding energy absorption in a lane or tunnel includes a support body 4, an outer shell 5, a spherical support node 2 and a base 3. The spherical support node 2 is embedded in the inner side of the outer shell 5. The outer shell 5 is supported by the base 3 inside the support body. The outer shell is arranged on the top side of the support body. The outer shell 5 is a three-period minimal surface shell to disperse force and absorb energy. The support body 4 supports the base 3. The spherical support node 2 is formed by crossing multiple porous structure surface layers 1 at the same place to disperse non-uniform stress. The interval between two adjacent porous structure surface layers 1 is set at an angle of 45°. The outer shell 5, the spherical support node 2, the base 3 and the support body 4 together constitute a force system. The base 3 serves to connect the outer shell 5 and the support body 4. In this way, there is no need for the spherical support node 2 to be directly connected to the support body 4, which not only effectively guarantees the connection strength of the overall structure, but also facilitates the connection between the base 3 and the support body 4.

[0046] It is easy to understand that a roadway or tunnel-level energy absorption structure is placed on the roadway or tunnel inner wall, and transverse supports 6, such as transverse support beams, are installed on the top of the roadway or tunnel-level energy absorption structure on both sides. The transverse supports 6 are supported by the outer shell. Compared with the simple solid plane structure, the spherical support nodes embedded in the three-periodic minimal surface outer shell have a certain effect on the stable connection between the transverse supports and the support.

[0047] refer to Figure 4As shown, the porous structure surface layer 1 includes an annular member 14, the peripheral side of the annular member 14 is a curved surface, and the annular member 14 is specifically a circular ring member. A spherical support node 2 is formed by crossing multiple porous structure surface layers 1 to adapt to the non-uniform stress caused by the stress change of the surrounding rock after supporting the dispersed working surface. A plurality of circular members 15 are arranged inside the annular member 14, and the plurality of circular members 15 are connected as an integrated structural member. Some of the circular members 15 are connected to the annular member 14 to ensure the connection strength of the porous structure surface layer, and some of the circular members 15 are arranged to intersect with the circular members 15 adjacent to them, and the interior of the circular members 15 is hollowed out. The arrangement of multiple porous structural surface layers 1 in the spherical support node 2 enables the spherical support node 2 to effectively absorb and dissipate energy when subjected to dynamic loads. Compared with the energy-dissipating structural forms used in other types of pillars, the three-period minimal curved surface shell has a high specific strength while greatly reducing the volume. Compared with a solid cylindrical structure with the same specific strength, it can save 60%-70% of the material usage. At the same time, the smooth structural surface can also reduce the local stress caused by sharp edges.

[0048] Specifically, refer to Figure 5 As shown, the first porous structure surface layer 11, the second porous structure surface layer 12 and the third porous structure surface layer 13 intersect at the same straight line to form a spherical support node.

[0049] Specifically, a plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings 16 are provided inside the circular part 15 (meaning that both the inner and outer sides of the triangular openings are arc-shaped). Specifically, six arc-shaped triangular openings can be provided inside a single circular part 15. The plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings 16 in the circular part 15 are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the circular part 15. This is also conducive to the intersection of some circular parts 15 with adjacent circular parts 15 of the same period. The diameter of the circular part 15 is 200mm-600mm.

[0050] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the base 3 has a set height, the sides of the base 3 are scale-shaped, and the distance between adjacent scales on the sides of the base 3 is set to facilitate the uniform transfer of the load downward to the support body 4. The scales are arc-shaped, and the scales are tilted relative to the central axis of the base 3. The inclination angle can be 45°. The base 3 and the top of the support body 4 can be welded together, and the base 3 and the shell 5 can be integrally formed during the shell molding process.

[0051] It should be noted that the support body 4 is a support tube, and the interior of the support tube below the base 3 is filled with concrete to improve the structural stability of the support body.

[0052] refer to Figure 8 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the shell 5 is a cylindrical component or a hexahedral component or a rectangular body. The shell 5 includes a top surface, a bottom surface 51 and a side wall 52. The inner side of the side wall 52 is an internal cavity for setting the spherical support node 2. The side wall 52 is connected to the top surface and the bottom surface respectively. The top surface and the side wall have the same structure. The bottom surface 51 is a polygonal curved surface structure, specifically a quadrilateral curved surface structure, including multiple rows of polygonal members 53. Figure 9 As shown, the polygonal member 53 is specifically a quadrilateral member, the side width of the quadrilateral member is within a set range, and a groove is formed in the middle of the side of the quadrilateral member to absorb energy. Each row includes multiple polygonal members 53, and the interval between two adjacent polygonal members 53 in the same row is set. One corner of the two adjacent polygonal members in each row is adjacent, and there are multiple recesses 54 connected between the two adjacent rows of polygonal members 53. The recess 54 is placed between four polygonal curved surfaces, and the depth of the recess 54 is deeper than the depth of the groove of the quadrilateral member. The top surface and side wall are spiral three-period minimal surfaces. The height of the spherical support node 2 is consistent with the inner height of the side wall, and the diameter of the spherical support node 2 is the same as the inner diameter of the shell, so that the spherical support node 2 is in contact with the shell 5. The top and bottom polygonal members 53 and the recess 54 are set, and the bottom surface can still have sufficient contact area with the base 3 after the spherical support node 2 is deformed. In this way, the shell structure and the spherical support node 2 cooperate with each other to achieve the effect of multi-stage buffering and energy absorption, preventing the spherical support node from producing uneven deformation and causing serious sinking of the structure, thereby maintaining structural stability.

[0053] In addition, the bottom surface 51 and the side wall 52 are transitionally connected via a polygonal member 53 .

[0054] It should be noted that the top surface, bottom surface 51 and side wall 52 are all provided with openings 55, so that the three-period minimal surface structure has the special property of being porous, and can be embedded with specially designed spherical support nodes, so that the whole body can make better use of its own plastic deformation to consume energy, and the platform stage stroke for absorbing energy during compression is longer, while enhancing the stability and bearing capacity of the structure. When the shell 5 is impacted, the top surface effectively absorbs the impact energy through the polygonal part 53 and the recess 54, and the side wall structure further plays a role in absorbing the impact energy, which can be transmitted inward to the spherical support node, and then further transmitted downward, so that the whole can achieve uniform force transmission to the surrounding side of the base.

[0055] It should be noted that a polygonal part 53 is provided on the bottom surface of the shell 5 to better cooperate with the transverse support member 6 such as a corrugated steel beam, and evenly buffer the force under the spherical support node 2 to avoid the premature failure of the structure due to unidirectional eccentric concentrated force. The whole is suitable for support of coal mines, tunnels and other underground projects, and can effectively improve the safety and stability of the support.

[0056] In addition, the transition function between the bottom surface and the side wall of the shell 5 is obtained by the control function thereof. The control function of the shell is obtained by the transition function between the two, the constraint function of the side wall, and the control function of the cavity inside the shell. Specifically, the control functions of the bottom surface and the side wall of the shell are:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] in, is the control function of the quadrilateral surface of the shell, is the control function of the spiral surface of the shell, and x, y, and z are the coordinate values ​​in the three-dimensional coordinate system;

[0060] Use linear blending weights to control the control function of the quadrilateral surface along the z-axis to obtain the transition function between the side walls of the shell. :

[0061] Among them , controls the proportion of the spiral surface in the height direction transition, where h is the proportional coefficient, z gyro is the height of the spiral transition zone, H is the overall height of the shell. When h is 0 or 1, there will be no transition in the entire structure. When h=0, it is a quadrilateral surface, and when h=1, it is a three-period spiral surface.

[0062] When the side wall is cylindrical, the constraint function of the cylindrical side wall for:

[0063]

[0064] Here, R0 is the radius of the end circle of the cylindrical side wall, so that the structure generated by the side wall can be guaranteed to be a three-dimensional cylindrical structure.

[0065] Control function of the cavity inside the sidewall for:

[0066]

[0067] in, Indicates the radius of the generated cavity and defines the position of the center of the spherical support node. At, the internal cavity is generated at the center of the shell;

[0068] Combining the above defined functions and using Boolean operations to perform smooth union and difference operations, we can get the control function of the overall structure. :

[0069]

[0070] in Represents a control operation function with smoothness s. The larger s is, the smoother the transition is. In the example, s≈32 is used.

[0071] Let this formula = 0, that is, the transition function between the surface curve of the three-periodic minimal surface and the internal cavity can be obtained between the side wall of the shell Add offset before and after Controls the wall thickness of the sidewalls.

[0072] When the housing 5 is a hexahedral component, the cylindrical side wall constraint is replaced by the hexahedral side wall constraint function. :

[0073]

[0074] Among them, A is the half side length of the hexahedron cross section, and the overall structure control function of the hexahedron is obtained :

[0075] .

[0076] The present embodiment provides a yielding energy absorption structure, in which the shell 5 and the spherical support node 2 form a buffer part at the top of the pillar structure, but the spherical support node 2 is not directly connected to the base 3, and the spherical support node is embedded in the shell. The shell 5 is connected to the support body 4 through the base 3, ensuring the contact area between the entire buffer part and the base, avoiding direct point contact between the spherical support node 2 and the base 3, and ensuring the overall structural strength; the spherical support node 2 is formed by the intersection of multiple porous structure surface layers 1, which effectively absorbs the non-uniform stress caused by the stress change of the surrounding rock, and the shell 5 is a three-period minimal surface shell, which works together with the spherical support node to further disperse the stress transmitted by the surrounding rock; polygonal parts are set on the top and bottom of the shell to effectively absorb impact energy, and even after the spherical support node is deformed, the contact area with the base can be guaranteed to ensure the stability of the structure; in addition, the setting of the shell and the base makes the force below the spherical support node evenly buffered, avoiding the premature failure of the structure due to the concentrated force of unidirectional eccentricity.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This embodiment provides a construction method for a yield energy absorption structure in a lane or tunnel, including the following contents:

[0079] The spherical support node 2 is formed by the intersection of multiple porous structure surface layers. The spherical support node 2 can be made of a metal with strong toughness, such as 316 stainless steel, 2205 stainless steel (duplex stainless steel), etc., which can maintain a large volume while still having a lightweight effect. In combination with the special transition three-period minimal surface shell, it achieves a multi-level buffering and energy absorption effect;

[0080] The shell is printed using 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technology. Selective laser sintering (SLS) technology can be used to print metal powders such as 316L stainless steel (alloy metal steel), 14-4PH (ultra-high strength) stainless steel, and mold steel. During the printing process, to maintain structural integrity, spherical support nodes can be placed in the internal cavity of the shell in advance when the printing is halfway completed, and the remaining part of the shell can be sintered. The base can be made first and then the shell can be printed, or the base and shell can be printed as one piece during the printing process;

[0081] The base 3 is supported by a support body 4 , which is a support tube. The support tube and the base 3 can be welded together.

[0082] Of course, in other examples, the housing 5 can also be manufactured by mold forming.

[0083] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roadway or tunnel yielding energy absorption structure, characterized in that: It includes a support body, a shell is set on the top side of the support body, and a spherical support node is embedded in the inner side of the shell. The shell is a three-period minimal surface shell with a porous structure to disperse stress and absorb energy. The shell is supported by the base inside the support body. The spherical support nodes are formed by crossing multiple porous structure surface layers at the same place to disperse non-uniform stress and resist external load pressure. The interval between two adjacent porous structure surface layers is set at an angle. The shell, spherical support nodes, base and support body together constitute a force system; The porous structure surface layer includes an annular member, the circumference of the annular member is a curved surface, a plurality of circular members are arranged inside the annular member, the plurality of circular members are connected to form an integrated structural member, some of the circular members are connected to the annular member, some of the circular members are intersected with adjacent circular members, and the interior of the circular members is hollowed out; The base is connected to the bottom of the shell, the base is scale-shaped, adjacent scales on the base are spaced apart, the scales are arc-shaped, and the scales are tilted relative to the central axis of the base.

2. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is arranged on both sides of the lane or tunnel. A transverse support is arranged on the top of the energy-absorbing structure in the lane or tunnel on both sides. The transverse support is supported by the top of the support body, and the shell is in contact with the transverse support.

3. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings are provided inside the circular member, and the plurality of arc-shaped triangular openings in the circular member are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the circular member. The diameter of the circular member is 200mm-600mm.

4. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is a cylindrical component or a hexahedral component, and includes a top surface, a bottom surface and a side wall. The inner side of the side wall is an internal cavity, and the side wall is connected to the top surface and the bottom surface respectively. The top surface, the bottom surface and the side wall are all provided with openings. The top surface and the side wall have the same structure. The bottom surface is a polygonal curved surface structure, and the side wall is a spiral three-period minimal curved surface. The side wall and the bottom surface are transitionally connected by a polygonal part.

5. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom surface includes multiple rows of polygonal parts, each row includes multiple polygonal parts, and adjacent polygonal parts in the same row are set at a distance. There are multiple recesses between adjacent rows of polygonal curved surfaces, and the recesses are placed between the four polygonal curved surfaces.

6. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transition function between the shell bottom and the side wall is obtained by the control functions thereof, and the control function of the shell is obtained by the transition function between the two, the constraint function of the side wall and the control function of the shell inner cavity.

7. The energy-absorbing structure for making way in a lane or tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support body is a support tube, and the interior of the support tube is filled with concrete on one side of the base.

8. A method for constructing a space-saving energy-absorbing structure in a lane or tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Includes the following: Manufacturing spherical support nodes, wherein the spherical support nodes are formed by intersecting multiple porous structure surface layers at the same location; The shell is printed using 3D printing technology, so that the shell is a three-periodic minimal surface shell with a porous structure. During the shell molding process, spherical support nodes are embedded inside the shell; The top side of the support body supports the outer shell through the base.

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