Three-dimensional induction type anchor rod and monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional induction type anchor rod and a monitoring system, the three-dimensional induction type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod, the anchor rod is composed of a rod head and a rod body, the rod body is hollow, a first cable is arranged in the rod body, the first cable penetrates through the bottom end of the rod body, the end part of the first cable is provided with a sensor for monitoring bottom layer data, and the bottom end of the rod head is provided with a monitoring assembly extending downwards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of anchor rods, and in particular to a three-dimensional inductive anchor rod and a monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] Bolting is a reinforcement method used in surface engineering projects such as slopes and deep rock foundation pits, as well as in underground chambers such as tunnels and stopes. Bolts made of metal, wood, polymer, or other materials are driven into pre-drilled holes in the surface rock mass or the surrounding rock mass of the chamber. Bolting utilizes the special design of the head and body, a tail plate (optional), or a bonding effect to bind the surrounding rock mass to the stable rock mass, creating a suspension effect, a composite beam effect, or a reinforcement effect to achieve support. Bolting offers advantages such as low cost, effective support, ease of operation, flexibility, and minimal construction headroom. Bolting utilizes anchors within the surrounding rock to modify its mechanical state, forming a cohesive and stable rock belt around the roadway. The combined action of the anchor and surrounding rock maintains roadway stability. The main mechanical effects of anchors include suspension, composite beam, composite arch, span reduction, and reinforcement. Anchor bolts not only provide effective support but also save materials, simplify construction, facilitate mechanization, and increase construction speed. However, anchor bolts cannot seal the surrounding rock and prevent weathering, nor can they prevent spalling of rock in the fissures between the bolts. Using anchor bolts for support requires regular inspection to promptly detect any problems with the slope protection caused by internal or external factors, thereby avoiding potential hazards. The existing technology, "All-metal Downhole Power Drilling Tool Based on a Multi-stage Double-Plunger-Eccentric Gear Mechanism" (CN110593752A), has a large blind spot in single-point monitoring, while the industry standard "Technical Code for Rock and Soil Anchoring" (GB 50330-2013) fails to meet the requirements of three-dimensional dynamic monitoring. Current inspections of anchor bolt slope protection still rely on manual inspections, resulting in a high rate of missed inspections. This method is inefficient, labor-intensive, and dangerous. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a three-dimensional induction anchor rod.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a three-dimensional sensing anchor rod, including an anchor rod, which is composed of a rod head and a rod body. The rod body is hollow and has a first cable arranged therein. The first cable passes through the bottom end of the rod body, and a sensor for monitoring bottom layer data is provided at the end thereof. A monitoring component extending downward is provided at the bottom end of the bottom end of the rod head.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the monitoring component includes at least two second cables, an excitation unit is provided in the rod head, the excitation unit is communicatively connected to each of the second cables, and a connector and a wireless signal transmitter are provided at the top of the rod head, and the connector and the wireless signal transmitter are electrically connected to the excitation unit.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the monitoring component also includes a counterweight, a protective cover and multiple fixings. The second cable is arranged on the outer surface of the counterweight and is fixed by multiple fixings. The protective cover is arranged on the outside of the counterweight and the fixings.

[0007] The monitoring component further includes an angle meter, an osmometer, and a displacement meter. The angle meter, the osmometer, and the displacement meter are arranged on the second cable and are all in communication with the second cable.

[0008] The sensor is a stress sensor.

[0009] A three-dimensional inductive anchor monitoring system uses multiple three-dimensional inductive anchors and is characterized in that it also includes a signal amplifier, a signal receiver, a demodulator and a computer. The demodulator is respectively connected to the connector signal of each three-dimensional inductive anchor, the signal amplifier is electrically connected to the demodulator, and the signal receiver is electrically connected to the signal amplifier, and the electrical signals it receives are input into the computer for analysis.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it further includes a handheld terminal, which can be connected to the wireless signal transmitter via a wireless signal.

[0011] A construction method of a three-dimensional induction anchor bolt comprises the following steps: Build scaffolding and drill anchor holes at predetermined locations using waterless dry drilling method; Insert the configured three-dimensional induction anchor into the anchor hole and fix it; Backfill the anchor hole into which the three-dimensional induction anchor is inserted.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the following steps are also included: After the anchor hole is rotated, the slurry is replaced and the hole is cleaned; The anchor hole should be perpendicular to the ground, and its top angle should be within 1°-1.5°; When backfilling, the particle size of the backfill material is 2-10mm.

[0013] A method for using a three-dimensional induction anchor rod comprises the following steps: After the three-dimensional induction anchor is installed, the optical integrity of the sensing optical cable is checked using a demodulator to prevent abnormal test data or low signal-to-noise of the optical fiber test signal.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. It can collect surrounding underground stress and strain, sense geomagnetic stress, and calculate three-dimensional underground structure; 2. Improve the accuracy of collected data, improve spatial resolution, and increase data update frequency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the three-dimensional induction anchor; Figure 2 This is one of the structural diagrams of the monitoring components of the three-dimensional inductive anchor bolt; Figure 3 This is the second diagram of the monitoring component structure of the three-dimensional induction anchor bolt; Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional inductive anchor monitoring system; Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the steps of the construction method of the three-dimensional induction anchor; Figure 6 It is a flowchart of the steps of using the three-dimensional induction anchor; In the figure: 1. Anchor rod; 11. Rod head; 12. Rod body; 13. Connector; 14. Wireless signal transmitter; 2. First cable; 3. Sensor; 4. Monitoring component; 41. Second cable; 42. Excitation unit; 43. Counterweight; 44. Protective cover; 45. Fixing part; 46. Angle meter; 47. Piezometer; 48. Displacement meter; 5. Signal amplifier; 6. Signal receiver; 7. Demodulator; 8. Computer; 9. Handheld terminal; 10. Anchor rod hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0017] In the drawings, the same reference numerals all refer to the same components.

[0018] like Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention is a three-dimensional inductive anchor rod and monitoring system, including an anchor rod 1, which is composed of a rod head 11 and a rod body 12. The rod body 12 is hollow and has a first cable 2 arranged therein. The first cable 2 passes through the bottom end of the rod body 12, and a sensor 3 for monitoring bottom layer data is provided at its end. A monitoring component 4 extending downward is provided at the bottom end of the rod head 11.

[0019] Specifically, the rod body 12 of the anchor rod 1 is inserted into the ground, the rod head 11 remains on the surface, the first cable 2 is inside the rod body 12, and follows the rod body 12 into the ground and extends out of the rod body 12. The sensor 3 at the end of the first cable 2 can monitor underground data; The monitoring component 4 at the bottom of the rod head 11 is also inserted into the ground and diverges in a direction away from the rod body 12, and the underground geological environment is monitored through the monitoring component 4; The first cable 2 is an electrical cable, and its length matches the length of the rod body 12 .

[0020] Furthermore, the monitoring component 4 includes at least two second cables 41, an excitation unit 42 is provided in the rod head 11, the excitation unit 42 is communicatively connected to each second cable 41, and a connector 13 and a wireless signal transmitter 14 are provided at the top of the rod head 11, and the connector 13 and the wireless signal transmitter 14 are electrically connected to the excitation unit 42.

[0021] Specifically, the second cable 41 is a U-shaped optical cable, one end of which is connected to the excitation unit 42 in the rod head 11, and the other end is connected to the connector 13. The excitation unit 42 emits laser light into the second cable 41, and the laser light is received at the other end of the second cable 41. The received optical signal can be transmitted through the wireless signal transmitter 14, which facilitates the administrator to monitor and analyze the underground information. The length of each second cable 41 is 15 m to 45 m.

[0022] Furthermore, the monitoring component 4 also includes a counterweight 43, a protective cover 44 and multiple fixings 45. The second cable 41 is arranged on the outer surface of the counterweight 43 and is fixed by multiple fixings 45. The protective cover 44 is sleeved on the outside of the counterweight 43 and the fixings 45.

[0023] The monitoring assembly 4 further includes an angle meter 46 , an osmometer 47 and a displacement meter 48 . The angle meter 46 , the osmometer 47 and the displacement meter 48 are arranged on the second cable 41 and are all connected to the second cable 41 .

[0024] Sensor 3 is a stress sensor.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown, a three-dimensional inductive anchor monitoring system uses multiple three-dimensional inductive anchors 1, and is characterized in that it also includes a signal amplifier 5, a signal receiver 6, a demodulator 7 and a computer 8. The demodulator 7 is respectively connected to the signal of the connector 13 of each three-dimensional inductive anchor 1, the signal amplifier 5 is electrically connected to the demodulator 7, and the signal receiver 6 is electrically connected to the signal amplifier 5, and the electrical signals received are input into the computer 8 for analysis.

[0026] Specifically, the slope protection is composed of multiple three-dimensional induction anchor rods 1. A third cable 10 can be set between each anchor rod 1. The third cable 10 is an electrical cable and is used for communication between each anchor rod 1. The connector 13 in the three-dimensional induction anchor rod 1 is connected to the signal amplifier 5. The signal in the second cable 41 is amplified by the signal amplifier 5, and then the signal is received by the signal receiver 6 connected to the signal amplifier 6. The collected signal is then input into the demodulator 7 to form a waveform graph, and then the formed waveform graph is input into the computer 8 for statistical analysis.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes a handheld terminal 9, which can be connected to the wireless signal transmitter 14 via wireless signals.

[0028] Specifically, the signal in the second cable 41 can be sent to the handheld terminal 9 via the wireless signal transmitter 14 , and the handheld terminal 9 can be used to conduct a preliminary check on the underground monitoring information.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, a construction method of a three-dimensional induction anchor bolt includes the following steps: Build a scaffold and drill anchor holes 10 at predetermined locations using a waterless dry drilling method; Insert the configured three-dimensional induction anchor rod 1 into the anchor rod hole 10 and fix it; Backfill is performed into the anchor hole 10 into which the three-dimensional induction anchor 1 is inserted.

[0030] Furthermore, the method further includes the following steps: After the anchor hole 10 is rotated, the slurry is replaced and the hole is cleaned; The anchor hole 10 should be perpendicular to the ground, and its top angle should be within 1°-1.5°; When backfilling, the particle size of the backfill material is 2-10mm.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, a method for using a three-dimensional induction anchor includes the following steps: After the three-dimensional inductive anchor rod 1 is installed, the optical integrity of the sensing optical cable is checked by the demodulator 7 to prevent abnormal test data or low signal-to-noise of the optical fiber test signal.

[0032] Example 1: Test environment: rock slope protection Structural parameters: second cable 41: Φ3mm, length 30m, spiral pitch 50mm, protective cover 44: taper 15°, guide groove depth 2.5mm, excitation unit 42: 1550nm DFB laser, output power 20mW.

[0033] Deployment plan: 50 anchor rods form a monitoring network (spacing 10m×10m).

[0034] Working principle: The excitation unit 42 emits 1550nm laser light, which forms a Brillouin scattering signal through the second cable 41. When the displacement meter 48 detects a displacement of 0.1mm, the corresponding Brillouin frequency shift is 1.2GHz.

[0035] Experimental data: In a simulated rock loading test, the monitoring system issued a 12-hour early warning of rock rupture, with a warning threshold of 1500με strain (corresponding to a stress of 315MPa), and a data packet loss rate of <0.1%.

[0036] Theoretical calculation: According to the elastic mechanics equation σ=Eε=210GPa×1200×10⁻ 6 =252MPa, which meets the rock burst warning threshold. Example 2: The second cable 41 is a U-shaped distributed optical fiber with a corrosion-resistant coating on its surface; the thickness is 0.2-0.5mm; the excitation unit 42 includes a laser emission module and an optical signal demodulation module, and the emission wavelength range is 1520-1620nm; the counterweight 43 has a spiral groove on its outer surface, and the ratio of the groove depth to the diameter of the second cable 41 is 1:1.2-1.5. The density of the counterweight 43 is ≥7.8g / cm³ and the material is tungsten-nickel alloy; the wireless communication module 141 supports LoRa and NB-IoT dual-mode transmission; the wireless communication module 141 has a built-in self-calibration circuit, and the calibration period is ≤30 seconds.

[0037] Test environment: Coastal slope protection (salt spray concentration 2%).

[0038] Structural parameters: The second cable coating thickness is 0.5mm (polyurethane material), and the counterweight density is 8.2g / cm³ (tungsten-nickel alloy).

[0039] Deployment plan: 50 anchor rods form a monitoring network (spacing 10m×10m).

[0040] Test results: In a simulated coastal slope protection loading test, the monitoring system provided an 11-hour early warning of rock fracture, with a threshold strain of 1500με (corresponding to a stress of 315MPa). The corrosion rate was ≤0.01mm / year over 5000 hours, and the data packet loss rate was <0.1%.

[0041] Technical indicators: System response time ≤ 200ms, 3D modeling error rate < 1.2%, power consumption < 5W / node (0.1W in standby mode).

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional induction anchor rod, comprising an anchor rod (1), characterized in that: The anchor rod (1) consists of a rod head (11) and a rod body (12); the rod body (12) is hollow and has a first cable (2) arranged therein; the first cable (2) passes through the bottom end of the rod body (12) and has a sensor (3) at its end for monitoring bottom layer data; the bottom end of the rod head (11) is provided with a monitoring component (4) extending downward.

2. A three-dimensional induction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring component (4) includes at least two second cables (41), an excitation unit (42) is provided in the rod head (11), and the excitation unit (42) is communicatively connected with each of the second cables (41), and a connector (13) and a wireless signal transmitter (14) are provided at the top of the rod head (11), and the connector (13) and the wireless signal transmitter (14) are electrically connected to the excitation unit (42).

3. A three-dimensional induction anchor rod (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly (4) further comprises a counterweight (43), a protective cover (44) and a plurality of fixing members (45); the second cable (41) is arranged on the outer surface of the counterweight (43) and fixed by the plurality of fixing members (45); the protective cover (44) is sleeved on the outer sides of the counterweight (43) and the fixing members (45).

4. A three-dimensional induction anchor rod (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly (4) further comprises an angle meter (46), an osmometer (47) and a displacement meter (48), wherein the angle meter (46), the osmometer (47) and the displacement meter (48) are arranged on the second cable (41) and are all in communication with the second cable (41).

5. The three-dimensional induction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor (3) is a stress sensor.

6. A three-dimensional inductive anchor monitoring system, using a plurality of three-dimensional inductive anchors (1), characterized in that: The system further comprises a signal amplifier (5), a signal receiver (6), a demodulator (7) and a computer (8), wherein the demodulator (7) is respectively connected to the connector (13) of each three-dimensional inductive anchor rod (1) for signal connection, the signal amplifier (5) is electrically connected to the demodulator (7), the signal receiver (6) is electrically connected to the signal amplifier (5), and the received electrical signals are input into the computer (8) for analysis.

7. The three-dimensional inductive anchor monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a handheld terminal (9), which can be connected to the wireless signal transmitter (14) via a wireless signal.

8. A three-dimensional induction anchor construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Build a scaffold and drill anchor holes (10) at predetermined locations using a waterless dry drilling method; Inserting the configured three-dimensional induction anchor rod (1) into the anchor rod hole (10) and fixing it; Backfilling is performed in the anchor hole (10) into which the three-dimensional induction anchor (1) is inserted.

9. The construction method of a three-dimensional induction anchor bolt according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: After the anchor hole (10) is rotated, the slurry is replaced and the hole is cleaned; The anchor hole (10) should be perpendicular to the ground, and its top angle should be within 1°-1.5°; When backfilling, the particle size of the backfill material is 2-10mm.

10. A method for using a three-dimensional induction anchor, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After the three-dimensional inductive anchor rod (1) is installed, the optical integrity of the sensing optical cable is checked by a demodulator (7) to prevent abnormal test data or low signal-to-noise of the optical fiber test signal.

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