Tubular heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and provides a tubular heat exchanger which comprises a shell, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the shell in a penetrating mode, a second water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the shell in a communicating mode, a filter screen is arranged in the second water inlet pipe, and the tubular heat exchanger further comprises a first end cover, a second end cover, a fixing ring, a filter cartridge and a cleaning mechanism. The first end cover and the second end cover are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the shell through bolts, the two ends of the heat exchange pipe communicate with the first end cover and the second end cover correspondingly, the first end cover communicates with a first water inlet pipe, the second end cover communicates with a first water outlet pipe, and the fixing ring is fixedly arranged in the first end cover. By means of the technical scheme, the heat exchanger is used for solving the technical problem that in the prior art, impurities in hot water easily affect the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger in the circulating process of the hot water in the heat exchanger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular, to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Background Art

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in hot water heat exchange processes across a wide range of sectors, including energy supply, HVAC, and industrial production. For example, in district heating systems, shell-and-tube heat exchangers transfer heat from high-temperature hot water generated by a heat source to lower-temperature water at the user's end. In industrial production, they are often used to heat or cool process hot water to meet the temperature requirements of the production process. However, in actual applications, water is generally heated directly by a heat source. During the heating process, the water often contains impurities such as mud, rust, microbial flocs, and scale crystals. Once these impurities enter the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, they will cause a series of problems: on the one hand, impurities are easily deposited and attached inside the tube bundle, causing the tube bundle to be blocked, resulting in a decrease in hot water flow and affecting heat exchange efficiency; on the other hand, the erosion and wear of the inner wall of the tube bundle by impurities, and the scale layer formed by the adhesion of substances such as scale, will not only shorten the service life of the equipment, but also increase energy consumption due to the increased thermal resistance of the scale layer.

[0003] At present, although some shell-and-tube heat exchangers are equipped with simple screens or filters at the hot water inlet, these filtering devices are prone to clogging and inconvenient to clean and maintain. They cannot effectively intercept fine particulate impurities, and they need to be manually disassembled and cleaned after frequent clogging, which increases maintenance costs and downtime, making it difficult to meet the needs of efficient and stable hot water heat exchange. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger for solving the technical problem in the prior art that impurities in hot water easily affect the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger during the circulation of hot water in the heat exchanger.

[0005] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising a shell, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged through the shell, a second water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe are connected to the side wall of the shell, and the second water inlet pipe has a built-in filter screen, and further comprising a first end cover, a second end cover, a fixing ring, a filter cartridge and a cleaning mechanism, the first end cover and the second end cover are fixed at both ends of the shell by bolts, the two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the first end cover and the second end cover, the first end cover is connected to the first water inlet pipe, and the second end cover is connected to the first water outlet pipe, the fixing ring is fixedly arranged in the first end cover, the filter cartridge is fixedly arranged between the fixing ring and the first end cover, and the cleaning mechanism is arranged in the first end cover for cleaning the filter cartridge.

[0006] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a support ring, a cleaning ring, a guide rod, a rotating mechanism and a reciprocating mechanism, the support ring is mounted on the filter cartridge, an annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the support ring, the cleaning ring is rotatably arranged in the annular groove, the inner wall of the cleaning ring is evenly distributed with cleaning bristles, the cleaning bristles are in contact with the filter cartridge, a plurality of guide rods are fixedly arranged between the fixed ring and the inner wall of the first end cover, the guide rods pass through the support ring and are slidably connected to the support ring, the rotating mechanism is arranged on the support ring, for driving the cleaning ring to rotate, and the reciprocating mechanism is arranged on the support ring, for driving the support ring to reciprocate in the first end cover.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotation mechanism includes a first drive groove, a first gear ring, a drive prism and a first drive mechanism, the first drive groove is opened in the support ring, the first drive groove is connected to the annular groove, a first gear is rotatably arranged in the first drive groove, a drive port is opened on the side wall of the first drive groove, the first gear ring is fixedly set on the outer wall of the cleaning ring, the first gear ring is meshed with the first gear, the drive prism is rotatably set between the fixed ring and the side wall of the first end cover, the drive prism passes through the drive port, wherein the drive prism passes through the first gear and is slidably connected to the first gear, and the first drive mechanism is set on the first end cover for driving the drive prism to rotate.

[0008] Furthermore, the first driving mechanism includes a first cavity, a second bevel gear, a second cavity, a fourth bevel gear and a second driving mechanism, the first end cover is located on one side of the driving prism and is provided with the first cavity, the first bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the first cavity close to the driving prism, the first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the driving prism, the second bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the first cavity, the second bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, the second cavity is opened on one side of the first cavity, the third bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the second cavity close to the first cavity, a first connecting rod is fixedly provided between the third bevel gear and the second bevel gear, the fourth bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the second cavity, the fourth bevel gear is meshed with the third bevel gear, and the second driving mechanism is provided on the first end cover for driving the fourth bevel gear to rotate.

[0009] Furthermore, the second driving mechanism includes a driving column and a turbine, the driving column is rotatably set on the first end cover, the driving column extends into the fixing ring, the driving column is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear, the turbine is set in the fixing ring, and the turbine is fixedly connected to the driving column.

[0010] On the basis of the above solution, a limiting ring is provided in the fixing ring, a plurality of limiting rods are fixedly provided between the limiting ring and the inner wall of the fixing ring, and the driving column extends into the limiting ring and is rotatably connected to the limiting ring.

[0011] On the basis of the above scheme, the reciprocating movement mechanism includes a moving port, a reciprocating screw and a third driving mechanism. The moving port is opened on the support ring, and the reciprocating screw is rotatably arranged between the fixed ring and the first end cover. The reciprocating screw passes through the moving port. A screw sleeve that cooperates with it is installed on the reciprocating screw, and the screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving port. The third driving mechanism is arranged between the first end cover and the reciprocating screw, and is used to drive the reciprocating screw to rotate.

[0012] On the basis of the above scheme, the third driving mechanism includes a third cavity, a sixth bevel gear and a seventh bevel gear. The third cavity is opened on one side of the second cavity. The side wall of the third cavity close to the reciprocating screw is rotatably provided with a fifth bevel gear. The fifth bevel gear is fixedly connected to the reciprocating screw. The sixth bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the third cavity. The sixth bevel gear is meshed with the fifth bevel gear. The seventh bevel gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the second cavity. A second connecting rod is fixedly provided between the seventh bevel gear and the sixth bevel gear, and the seventh bevel gear is meshed with the fourth bevel gear.

[0013] On the basis of the above solution, a drain pipe is provided in communication with the side wall of the first end cover, and a drain control valve is installed on the drain pipe.

[0014] It should also be noted that high-temperature water is not necessarily 100-degree hot water, but it is relatively high in temperature and will not damage the cleaning bristles. The cleaning bristles can be made of carbon fiber material.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, by providing a filter cartridge, the high-temperature water entering the heat exchange tube can be filtered through the filter cartridge, thereby preventing impurities in the hot water from remaining in the heat exchange tube and affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tube; 2. In the present invention, by providing a rotating mechanism, the turbine can convert the energy of hot water flowing in the fixed ring into mechanical energy for the rotation of the drive column. This mechanical energy is then used to drive the cleaning ring to rotate, so that the cleaning bristles on the surface of the cleaning ring can clean impurities attached to the surface of the filter cartridge; 3. In the present invention, the reciprocating mechanism can further utilize mechanical energy and drive the support ring and the cleaning ring to move on the surface of the filter cartridge, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the cleaning cartridge; 4. In the present invention, by setting up the impurities drain pipe, impurities generated during the cleaning process will remain in the first end cover. After that, the impurities drain control valve can be opened to discharge the water and impurities in the first end cover through the impurities drain pipe, thereby avoiding the accumulation of impurities in the first end cover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other drawings based on the contents of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a shell and tube heat exchanger in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of the first end cover in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of the cleaning mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of a rotating mechanism in an embodiment; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cross-section of the support ring in the embodiment.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Heat exchange tube; 3. Second water inlet pipe; 4. First end cover; 5. Second end cover; 6. Fixed ring; 7. Filter cartridge; 8. First water inlet pipe; 9. Support ring; 10. Cleaning ring; 11. First drive groove; 12. First gear; 13. First gear ring; 14. Drive prism; 15. First cavity; 16. First bevel gear; 17. Second bevel gear; 18. Third bevel gear; 19. Fourth bevel gear; 20. Drive column; 21. Turbine; 22. Limiting ring; 23. Limiting rod; 24. Reciprocating screw; 25. Fifth bevel gear; 26. Sixth bevel gear; 27. Seventh bevel gear; 28. Drain pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0020] To simplify the drawings, only portions relevant to the invention are schematically depicted in each figure; they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one component with the same structure or function is schematically depicted or labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one" but also "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0023] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., and the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] like Figures 1-6As shown, it shows a shell and tube heat exchanger in one embodiment of the present invention, including a shell 1, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are arranged through the shell 1, the side wall of the shell 1 is connected to the second water inlet pipe 3 and the second water outlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe 3 has a built-in filter screen, and further includes a first end cover 4, a second end cover 5, a fixing ring 6, a filter cartridge 7 and a cleaning mechanism, the first end cover 4 and the second end cover 5 are fixed to the two ends of the shell 1 by bolts, the two ends of the heat exchange tube 2 are respectively connected to the first end cover 4 and the second end cover 5, the first end cover 4 is connected to the first water inlet pipe 8, the second end cover 5 is connected with a first water outlet pipe, a fixing ring 6 is fixedly arranged in the first end cover 4, a filter cartridge 7 is fixedly arranged between the fixing ring 6 and the first end cover 4, and a cleaning mechanism is arranged in the first end cover 4 for cleaning the filter cartridge 7. Specifically, the operator can pass hot water into the first end cover 4 through the first water inlet pipe 8, and at the same time pass cold water that needs to be heat exchanged into the shell 1 through the second water inlet pipe 3. At this time, the hot water flows in the heat exchange tube 2 and the cold water flows in the shell 1. At this time, heat exchange of hot water and cold water can be achieved through the heat exchange tube 2, thereby achieving heat recovery.

[0026] Reference Figure 2-Figure 6 The cleaning mechanism includes a support ring 9, a cleaning ring 10, a guide rod, a rotating mechanism and a reciprocating mechanism. The support ring 9 is mounted on the filter cartridge 7. The inner wall of the support ring 9 is provided with an annular groove. The cleaning ring 10 is rotatably arranged in the annular groove. The inner wall of the cleaning ring 10 is evenly distributed with cleaning bristles, and the cleaning bristles contact the filter cartridge 7. A plurality of guide rods are fixedly arranged between the fixing ring 6 and the inner wall of the first end cover 4. The guide rods pass through the support ring 9 and are slidably connected to the support ring 9. The rotating mechanism is arranged on the support ring 9 for driving the cleaning ring 10 to rotate. The reciprocating mechanism is arranged on the support ring 9 for driving the support ring 9 to reciprocate in the first end cover 4. Specifically, after hot water is passed into the first end cover 4 through the first water inlet pipe 8, the hot water can be filtered through the filter cartridge 7 and then enter the heat exchange tube 2 through the fixing ring 6, thereby filtering the hot water through the filter cartridge 7 to prevent impurities in the hot water from entering the heat exchange tube 2 and affecting the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange tube 2.

[0027] Reference Figure 4-Figure 6The rotating mechanism includes a first driving groove 11, a first gear ring 13, a driving prism 14 and a first driving mechanism. The first driving groove 11 is opened in the support ring 9. The first driving groove 11 is connected to the annular groove. A first gear 12 is rotatably arranged in the first driving groove 11. The side wall of the first driving groove 11 is provided with a driving port. The first gear ring 13 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cleaning ring 10. The first gear ring 13 is meshed with the first gear 12. The driving prism 14 is rotatably arranged between the fixed ring 6 and the side wall of the first end cover 4. The driving prism 14 passes through the driving port, wherein the driving prism 14 passes through the first gear 12 and is slidably connected to the first gear 12. The first driving mechanism is arranged on the first end cover 4 to drive the driving prism 14 to rotate. A driving mechanism includes a first cavity 15, a second bevel gear 17, a second cavity, a fourth bevel gear 19 and a second driving mechanism. The first end cover 4 is located on one side of the driving prism 14 and is provided with a first cavity 15. The first cavity 15 is rotatably provided with a first bevel gear 16 on the side wall close to the driving prism 14. The first bevel gear 16 is fixedly connected to the driving prism 14. The second bevel gear 17 is rotatably provided on the side wall of the first cavity 15. The second bevel gear 17 is meshed with the first bevel gear 16. The second cavity is opened on one side of the first cavity 15. The second cavity is rotatably provided with a third bevel gear 18 on the side wall close to the first cavity 15. A first connecting rod is fixedly provided between the third bevel gear 18 and the second bevel gear 17. The fourth bevel gear 19 The rotation is set on the side wall of the second cavity, the fourth bevel gear 19 is meshed with the third bevel gear 18, and the second driving mechanism is set on the first end cover 4, for driving the fourth bevel gear 19 to rotate. The second driving mechanism includes a driving column 20 and a turbine 21. The driving column 20 is rotatably set on the first end cover 4, the driving column 20 extends into the fixed ring 6, the driving column 20 is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear 19, the turbine 21 is set in the fixed ring 6, the turbine 21 is fixedly connected to the driving column 20, a limiting ring 22 is set in the fixed ring 6, and a plurality of limiting rods 23 are fixedly set between the limiting ring 22 and the inner wall of the fixed ring 6. The driving column 20 extends into the limiting ring 22 and is rotatably connected to the limiting ring 22. Specifically, in the process of hot water passing through the fixed ring 6, In the process of rotating the driving column 20, the energy of the hot water flowing in the fixed ring 6 can be converted into mechanical energy for the rotation of the driving column 20 through the turbine 21. During the rotation of the driving column 20, the fourth bevel gear 19 can be driven to rotate. At the same time, the meshing of the fourth bevel gear 19 and the third bevel gear 18 drives the third bevel gear 18, the first connecting rod and the second bevel gear 17 to rotate. Then, the meshing of the second bevel gear 17 and the first bevel gear 16 drives the first bevel gear 16 and the driving prism 14 to rotate. During the rotation of the driving prism 14, the first gear 12 can be driven to rotate by the sliding cooperation between the driving prism 14 and the first gear 12. At the same time, the meshing of the first gear 12 and the first gear ring 13 drives the cleaning ring 10 to rotate.Then, the cleaning bristles on the cleaning ring 10 clean the impurities attached to the surface of the filter cartridge 7.

[0028] Reference Figure 3-Figure 6 The reciprocating mechanism includes a moving port, a reciprocating screw 24 and a third driving mechanism. The moving port is opened on the support ring 9. The reciprocating screw 24 is rotatably arranged between the fixed ring 6 and the first end cover 4. The reciprocating screw 24 passes through the moving port. A screw sleeve that cooperates with it is installed on the reciprocating screw 24. The screw sleeve is fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving port. The third driving mechanism is arranged between the first end cover 4 and the reciprocating screw 24 for driving the reciprocating screw 24 to rotate. The third driving mechanism includes a third cavity, a sixth bevel gear 26 and a seventh bevel gear 27. The third cavity is opened on one side of the second cavity. The side wall of the third cavity close to the reciprocating screw 24 is rotatably provided with a fifth bevel gear 25. The fifth bevel gear 25 is fixedly connected to the reciprocating screw 24, and the sixth bevel gear 26 is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the third cavity. On the upper part, the sixth bevel gear 26 is meshed with the fifth bevel gear 25, and the seventh bevel gear 27 is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the second cavity. A second connecting rod is fixedly arranged between the seventh bevel gear 27 and the sixth bevel gear 26, and the seventh bevel gear 27 is meshed with the fourth bevel gear 19. Specifically, during the rotation of the fourth bevel gear 19, the meshing of the fourth bevel gear 19 and the seventh bevel gear 27 can drive the seventh bevel gear 27, the second connecting rod and the sixth bevel gear 26 to rotate, so that the meshing of the sixth bevel gear 26 and the fifth bevel gear 25 can drive the fifth bevel gear 25 and the reciprocating screw 24 to rotate, and then the cooperation of the reciprocating screw 24 and the screw sleeve drives the support ring 9 and the cleaning ring 10 to move back and forth, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the cleaning brush on the filter cartridge 7.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The side wall of the first end cover 4 is connected to a drain pipe 28, and a drain control valve is installed on the drain pipe 28. Specifically, impurities generated during the cleaning process will remain in the first end cover 4. After that, the drainage control valve is opened and the water and impurities in the first end cover 4 can be discharged through the drainage pipe, thereby avoiding the accumulation of impurities in the first end cover 4. In this embodiment, when in use, the operator can introduce hot water into the first end cover 4 through the first water inlet pipe 8, and at the same time introduce cold water that needs to be heat exchanged into the shell 1 through the second water inlet pipe 3. At this time, the hot water flows in the heat exchange tube 2 and the cold water flows in the shell 1. At this time, the heat exchange between the hot water and the cold water can be achieved through the heat exchange tube 2, thereby realizing heat recovery. After the hot water is introduced into the first end cover 4 through the first water inlet pipe 8, the hot water can be filtered through the filter cartridge 7 and then enter the heat exchange tube 2 through the fixing ring 6, thereby filtering the hot water through the filter cartridge 7. Prevent impurities in the hot water from entering the heat exchange tube 2 and affecting the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange tube 2. At the same time, in the process of hot water passing through the fixed ring 6, the turbine 21 can convert the energy of the hot water flowing in the fixed ring 6 into mechanical energy for the rotation of the driving column 20. In the process of the driving column 20 rotating, the fourth bevel gear 19 can be driven to rotate. At the same time, the engagement of the fourth bevel gear 19 with the third bevel gear 18 drives the third bevel gear 18, the first connecting rod and the second bevel gear 17 to rotate, and then the engagement of the second bevel gear 17 with the first bevel gear 16 drives the third bevel gear 18, the first connecting rod and the second bevel gear 17 to rotate. The first bevel gear 16 and the driving prism 14 rotate. During the rotation of the driving prism 14, the first gear 12 can be driven to rotate by the sliding cooperation between the driving prism 14 and the first gear 12. At the same time, the cleaning ring 10 is driven to rotate by the meshing of the first gear 12 and the first gear ring 13, and then the impurities attached to the surface of the filter cartridge 7 are cleaned by the cleaning bristles on the cleaning ring 10. During the rotation of the fourth bevel gear 19, the seventh bevel gear 27, the second connecting rod and the sixth bevel gear can be driven by the meshing of the fourth bevel gear 19 and the seventh bevel gear 27. The gear 26 rotates, thereby driving the fifth bevel gear 25 and the reciprocating screw 24 to rotate through the engagement of the sixth bevel gear 26 with the fifth bevel gear 25, and then driving the support ring 9 and the cleaning ring 10 to move back and forth through the cooperation of the reciprocating screw 24 and the screw sleeve, thereby improving the cleaning effect of the cleaning brush on the filter cartridge 7. Moreover, impurities generated during the cleaning process will remain in the first end cover 4. After that, the impurity discharge control valve is opened, and the water and impurities in the first end cover 4 can be discharged through the impurity discharge pipe, thereby avoiding the accumulation of impurities in the first end cover 4.

[0030] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell and tube heat exchanger, comprising a shell (1), wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes (2) are provided through the shell (1), and a second water inlet pipe (3) and a second water outlet pipe are provided in communication with the side wall of the shell (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A first end cover (4) and a second end cover (5), wherein the first end cover (4) and the second end cover (5) are fixedly arranged at both ends of the shell (1) by bolts, and the two ends of the heat exchange tube (2) are respectively connected to the first end cover (4) and the second end cover (5), and the first end cover (4) is connected to the first water inlet pipe (8), and the second end cover (5) is connected to the first water outlet pipe; A fixing ring (6), the fixing ring (6) being fixedly arranged in the first end cover (4); A filter cartridge (7), the filter cartridge (7) being fixedly disposed between the fixing ring (6) and the first end cover (4); A cleaning mechanism is provided in the first end cover (4) and is used to clean the filter cartridge (7).

2. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism comprises: A support ring (9), the support ring (9) is sleeved on the filter cartridge (7), and an annular groove is formed on the inner wall of the support ring (9); a cleaning ring (10), the cleaning ring (10) being rotatably disposed in the annular groove, the inner wall of the cleaning ring (10) being uniformly covered with cleaning bristles, the cleaning bristles being in contact with the filter cartridge (7); Guide rods, a plurality of guide rods are fixedly arranged between the fixing ring (6) and the inner wall of the first end cover (4), and the guide rods pass through the support ring (9) and are slidably connected to the support ring (9); a rotating mechanism, the rotating mechanism being arranged on the supporting ring (9) and being used to drive the cleaning ring (10) to rotate; A reciprocating mechanism is provided on the support ring (9) and is used to drive the support ring (9) to reciprocate in the first end cover (4).

3. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises: a first driving groove (11), the first driving groove (11) being provided in the supporting ring (9), the first driving groove (11) being in communication with the annular groove, a first gear (12) being rotatably provided in the first driving groove (11), and a driving opening being provided on a side wall of the first driving groove (11); a first gear ring (13), the first gear ring (13) being fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the cleaning ring (10), and the first gear ring (13) being meshed with the first gear (12); a driving prism (14), the driving prism (14) being rotatably disposed between the fixing ring (6) and the side wall of the first end cover (4), the driving prism (14) penetrating the driving port; Wherein, the driving prism (14) passes through the first gear (12) and is slidably connected to the first gear (12); A first driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism is arranged on the first end cover (4) and is used to drive the driving prism (14) to rotate.

4. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism comprises: A first cavity (15), wherein the first end cover (4) is located on one side of the driving prism (14) and is provided with the first cavity (15); a first bevel gear (16) is rotatably provided on a side wall of the first cavity (15) close to the driving prism (14); the first bevel gear (16) is fixedly connected to the driving prism (14); a second bevel gear (17), the second bevel gear (17) being rotatably disposed on a side wall of the first cavity (15), the second bevel gear (17) being meshed with the first bevel gear (16); a second cavity, the second cavity being opened on one side of the first cavity (15); a third bevel gear (18) being rotatably provided on a side wall of the second cavity close to the first cavity (15); and a first connecting rod being fixedly provided between the third bevel gear (18) and the second bevel gear (17); a fourth bevel gear (19), the fourth bevel gear (19) being rotatably disposed on a side wall of the second cavity, the fourth bevel gear (19) being meshed with the third bevel gear (18); A second driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism is arranged on the first end cover (4) and is used to drive the fourth bevel gear (19) to rotate.

5. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second driving mechanism comprises: A driving column (20), the driving column (20) is rotatably mounted on the first end cover (4), the driving column (20) extends into the fixing ring (6), and the driving column (20) is fixedly connected to the fourth bevel gear (19); A turbine (21), the turbine (21) is arranged in the fixing ring (6), and the turbine (21) is fixedly connected to the driving column (20).

6. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting ring (22) is provided in the fixing ring (6), a plurality of limiting rods (23) are fixedly provided between the limiting ring (22) and the inner wall of the fixing ring (6), and the driving column (20) extends into the limiting ring (22) and is rotatably connected to the limiting ring (22).

7. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reciprocating mechanism comprises: A movable port, the movable port being opened on the support ring (9); a reciprocating screw (24), the reciprocating screw (24) being rotatably arranged between the fixing ring (6) and the first end cover (4), the reciprocating screw (24) passing through the moving opening, a screw sleeve cooperating therewith being mounted on the reciprocating screw (24), the screw sleeve being fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving opening; A third driving mechanism is provided between the first end cover (4) and the reciprocating screw (24), and is used to drive the reciprocating screw (24) to rotate.

8. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that: The third driving mechanism comprises: a third cavity, the third cavity being opened on one side of the second cavity, a fifth bevel gear (25) being rotatably provided on a side wall of the third cavity close to the reciprocating screw (24), and the fifth bevel gear (25) being fixedly connected to the reciprocating screw (24); a sixth bevel gear (26), the sixth bevel gear (26) being rotatably disposed on a side wall of the third cavity, the sixth bevel gear (26) being meshed with the fifth bevel gear (25); A seventh bevel gear (27) is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the second cavity, a second connecting rod is fixedly arranged between the seventh bevel gear (27) and the sixth bevel gear (26), and the seventh bevel gear (27) is meshed with the fourth bevel gear (19).

9. The shell and tube heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that: A drainage pipe (28) is provided in communication with the side wall of the first end cover (4), and a drainage control valve is installed on the drainage pipe (28).

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