Dust concentration monitoring method for pumped storage hydropower station tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a dust concentration monitoring method for pumped storage hydropower station tunnel construction, and belongs to the technical field of pumped storage hydropower station tunnel construction, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, installing various sensors required by a construction site in an underground cavern group; s2, a dust concentration monitoring sensor is installed at an air outlet and used for monitoring the concentration of dust discharged in a specific time period in real time; s3, establishing an underground cavern group model based on computational fluid mechanics numerical simulation and a three-dimensional simulation analysis platform, and performing visual simulation on the ventilation volume, wind speed and dust concentration of each main cavern in different construction stages; and S4, constructing a training data set by using field measured data and CFD numerical simulation results under various working conditions of linkage ventilation and smoke dissipation of the complex cavern, and establishing a smoke dissipation and dust control neural network model. According to the invention, managers can be helped to accurately identify the high dust generation stage, so that construction plans and exhaust strategies can be adjusted in a targeted manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction of pumped storage hydropower stations, in particular to a method for monitoring dust concentration in tunnel construction of pumped storage hydropower stations. Background Art

[0002] Pumped-storage hydropower stations are highly efficient energy storage facilities that utilize excess electricity during periods of low power load to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir, releasing the water to generate electricity during peak power demand. These stations typically consist of an upper and lower reservoir, a water transmission system (including inlets and outlets, penstocks, and surge tanks), an underground powerhouse, a tailwater system, and the tunnels and caverns that connect these components. Tunnel construction is a critical step in the construction process, involving complex processes such as geological exploration, blasting excavation, support and reinforcement, and ventilation and dust removal.

[0003] In the construction of pumped-storage hydropower stations, tunnels are primarily used to connect upper and lower reservoirs and provide necessary water channels for generators. Tunnel construction not only faces complex geological conditions (such as rock stability and groundwater levels), but also requires effective management of dust and other hazardous materials generated during construction to ensure worker health and safety.

[0004] During construction, especially after blasting operations, large amounts of dust are generated. If not effectively controlled, this dust will not only affect the health of workers, but existing exhaust systems lack effective monitoring of exhaust dust concentration, making it difficult to assess their actual efficiency. Most exhaust systems focus solely on ventilation volume and wind speed, neglecting to monitor exhaust dust concentration. Exhaust system designs are often based on theoretical calculations rather than actual operational data, resulting in actual results that do not meet expectations. If the exhaust system fails to effectively remove dust, dust concentrations within the construction area will continue to rise, increasing worker health risks. Although the exhaust system operates normally, the lack of monitoring of exhaust dust concentration means that the actual amount of dust discharged is far lower than expected. As a result, dust concentrations within the construction area remain high, forcing workers to frequently stop work for cleanup, seriously impacting construction progress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring dust concentration in tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station, so as to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station, comprising the following steps: S1: Install various sensors required for construction sites in the underground cavern complex to monitor ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration in the tunnel in real time; S2: A dust concentration monitoring sensor is installed at the exhaust vent to monitor the exhaust dust concentration in real time during a specific time period. Based on the existing residual dust concentration in the cavern during that time period and the dust concentration currently generated, by comparing and analyzing these three data sets (i.e., exhaust, existing residual, and currently generated dust concentrations), it is possible to accurately identify which construction phase produces the most dust, and the efficiency of the cavern exhaust system during that construction phase. S3: Establish an underground cavern complex model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and a three-dimensional simulation analysis platform (Ventsim). Visually simulate the ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration of each major cavern at different construction stages. Verify and modify the model based on field measurement data. S4: A training dataset is constructed using field measured data and CFD numerical simulation results under various working conditions of complex cavern linkage ventilation and smoke dispersion. A neural network model for smoke dissipation and dust control is established. This model can intelligently formulate the optimal plan for controlling toxic gases and dust on the working face, and realize intelligent control and adjustment of ventilation equipment and parameters.

[0007] This solution is preferred. During the construction process, the dust concentration generated in the current construction stage is monitored in real time, and a dust floating path range circle is determined with the construction center point as the center of the circle. A model is established based on the path range, and the dust concentration center point and multiple dust concentration edge points can be calculated.

[0008] Preferably, the dust concentration edge point of this solution represents the boundary area of this path range, and its concentration is lower than that of the center point. Workers should give priority to working at these edge points with lower dust concentration. When a certain edge point becomes a new center point after construction treatment, workers need to move to another edge point within the previous dust path range to continue working. This cycle is repeated to ensure that workers always work in a safe area where the dust concentration is lower than the center point or the warning value, thereby protecting the health of workers.

[0009] This solution is preferred. After establishing the dust concentration center point and the dust concentration edge point, the dust generated at the current stage is mixed with the existing remaining dust in the cavern. Even after the mixture is completed, the dust is discharged through exhaust, which still does not affect the establishment and monitoring of the dust concentration center point and the dust concentration edge point. When the concentration of the existing remaining dust and the dust generated at the current stage exceeds the warning value, the alarm mechanism will be activated.

[0010] This solution is preferred, by real-time monitoring and calculation of the dust concentration distribution model, set the construction center point is the center of the circle and the radius is The circular area is taken as the dust floating path range circle. Within this range, the Gaussian diffusion model is used to estimate the dust concentration distribution: in, Indicates the distance from the center point for Dust concentration at the site; is the center point Maximum dust concentration at is the standard deviation, which reflects the degree of dust diffusion.

[0011] This solution is preferred. When the mixed dust concentration exceeds the preset warning value, the system will automatically trigger the alarm mechanism to notify relevant personnel to take further measures. The exhaust system will discharge some dust during operation. Assuming the exhaust efficiency is: Indicates the efficiency of the exhaust system; It is the total amount of dust discharged through the exhaust system in a certain period of time; This solution is preferred, at each time step Recalculate the dust concentration distribution: in, It is the new dust concentration increment generated in the current time step. Based on the latest dust concentration distribution, the dust concentration center point is re-determined. and multiple dust concentration edge points in, Indicates the location with the highest dust concentration; Represents the set of locations where the dust concentration is below the threshold.

[0012] This solution is preferred, and the method also combines Web, GIS, BIM and visualization to build an intelligent management integrated platform coordinated by the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless local area network and cloud platform to forecast and predict the construction environment in the tunnel and carry out intelligent control.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent management integrated platform includes a three-dimensional simulation for visually displaying the ventilation volume, wind speed and dust concentration of each main chamber of a large-scale pumped storage cavern at different construction stages.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent management integrated platform also includes on-site monitoring and artificial intelligence training, and constructs a neural network evaluation model by integrating the real-time data of sensors for various gases, smoke and harmful gases provided by the monitoring system and the calculation results of the simulation model.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention are: This method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction at a pumped-storage hydropower station involves installing multiple sensors (such as anemometers and dust concentration sensors) within a cluster of underground caverns to monitor ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration in real time. The sensors transmit data to a central control system via an IoT platform, which processes and analyzes the data in real time, generating visual reports for decision-making. In traditional construction environments, dust concentration monitoring typically relies on limited fixed sensors or manual sampling, which cannot fully reflect the dust distribution across the entire construction area. Compared to existing technologies, this method enables comprehensive monitoring of key locations within the construction area, ensuring real-time and accurate data. This allows workers and managers to stay informed of current environmental conditions and take timely measures to address areas of high dust concentration.

[0016] This technical solution continuously monitors the exhaust dust concentration through exhaust vent sensors and sends the data to a central control system. The system then compares three data sets using a data analysis algorithm to identify the dust source and distribution. By real-time monitoring of the exhaust dust concentration within a specific time period and comparing and analyzing the three data sets (exhaust, existing residual, and currently generated dust concentrations) based on the existing residual dust concentration within the cavern during that time period, it is possible to accurately identify which construction phase produces the most dust, as well as the efficiency of the cavern's exhaust system during that phase. This improves the accuracy of exhaust system efficiency assessments, helping managers accurately identify high-dust generation phases and thus adjust construction plans and exhaust strategies accordingly.

[0017] A model of an underground cavern group was established using computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation and a three-dimensional simulation analysis platform. The ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration of each main cavern at different construction stages were visually simulated. The model was verified and corrected based on on-site measured data, providing more accurate ventilation design and optimization suggestions, reducing dust accumulation problems caused by unreasonable design, and improving the safety of the overall construction environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of dust concentration monitoring and early warning according to the present invention; Figure 3 The ventilation design optimization flow chart based on CFD numerical simulation of the present invention is as follows; Figure 4 A flowchart for establishing and applying the neural network model of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the dynamic adjustment of worker working positions according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well known in the art are not described to avoid confusion with the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the directions of up, down, left, right, front, back, inside and outside involved in this document are based on the directions of up, down, left, right, front, back, inside and outside shown in the figures of the present invention, and are explained here together.

[0022] This embodiment provides Figures 1 to 5 A dust concentration monitoring method for tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station is shown; Various sensors (such as anemometers and dust concentration sensors) are installed in the underground cavern complex to monitor the ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration within the tunnel in real time. Furthermore, dust concentration monitoring sensors are installed at the exhaust vents to monitor the exhaust dust concentration within a specific time period in real time. By comparing and analyzing three data sets (i.e., exhaust, existing residual, and currently generated dust concentrations), it is possible to accurately identify the specific construction phase generating the most dust and the efficiency of the cavern's exhaust system during that phase. The sensors at the exhaust vents continuously monitor the exhaust dust concentration and transmit the data to the central control system. The central control system determines the dust source and distribution by comparing and analyzing data from different time periods. The data collection cycle for the sensors is set (e.g., once an hour), and the data is uploaded to the central control system. Data analysis algorithms (such as differential analysis) are used to compare the three data sets to identify the dust source and distribution.

[0023] Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation and three-dimensional simulation analysis platform (Ventsim) were used to establish an underground cavern group model. The ventilation air volume, wind speed, and dust concentration of each main cavern at different construction stages were visually simulated. The model was verified and corrected based on on-site measured data. CFD software was used for numerical simulation to generate a three-dimensional model and predict the ventilation effect. The model was calibrated in combination with actual monitoring data to improve the accuracy of the model. Through this modeling method, the dust diffusion path and concentration distribution can be more accurately predicted, thereby optimizing the design and operation strategy of the ventilation system.

[0024] During the construction process, by real-time monitoring of the dust concentration generated during the current construction phase, a dust floating path range circle is determined with the construction center point as the center. Based on this path range, a model is established to calculate the dust concentration center point and multiple dust concentration edge points. The dust concentration edge points represent the boundary areas of this path range, where the concentration is lower than that at the center point. Workers should prioritize working at these edge points with lower dust concentration. When an edge point becomes a new center point after construction, workers need to move to another edge point within the previous dust path range to continue working. This cycle is repeated, ensuring that workers always work in a safe area where the dust concentration is lower than the center point or the warning value, thereby protecting their health. The dust floating path range circle is determined based on real-time monitoring results, guiding workers to prioritize working at edge points with lower dust concentration, reducing the risk of exposure to high dust concentrations. By dynamically adjusting workers' work positions, they are ensured to always be in low dust concentration areas, improving overall construction efficiency.

[0025] After establishing the dust concentration center and edge points, the dust generated during this phase will mix with the remaining dust in the cavern. Even after this mixing, once the dust is exhausted through the exhaust, the establishment and monitoring of the dust concentration center and edge points will not be affected. When the combined concentration of the remaining and currently generated dust exceeds the warning value, an alarm mechanism will be activated, notifying relevant personnel to take further action. For example, a dust concentration warning value (e.g., 5 mg / m³) can be set, and the dust concentration will be monitored in real time and compared with the warning value. When the concentration exceeds the warning value, the system will automatically issue an alarm and record the event.

[0026] By real-time monitoring and calculation of dust concentration distribution model, the construction center point is set is the center of the circle and the radius is The circular area is taken as the dust floating path range circle. Within this range, the Gaussian diffusion model is used to estimate the dust concentration distribution: in, Indicates the distance from the center point for Dust concentration at the site; is the center point Maximum dust concentration at is the standard deviation, which reflects the degree of dust diffusion.

[0027] When the mixed dust concentration exceeds the preset warning value, the system will automatically trigger the alarm mechanism and notify relevant personnel to take further measures. The exhaust system will discharge some dust during operation. Assuming the exhaust efficiency is: Indicates the efficiency of the exhaust system; It is the total amount of dust discharged through the exhaust system in a certain period of time; At each time step , recalculate the dust concentration distribution: in, is the incremental dust concentration newly generated in the current time step; Re-determine the dust concentration center point based on the latest dust concentration distribution and multiple dust concentration edge points ; in, Indicates the location with the highest dust concentration; Represents the set of locations where the dust concentration is below the threshold.

[0028] Analyze the layout and efficiency of the current exhaust system, adjust the location and power of the exhaust system according to the dust concentration distribution, and dynamically adjust the exhaust strategy to ensure that the concentration at the edge of the dust concentration point is kept at the lowest level.

[0029] The above method is used to determine the key ventilation parameters within the underground cavern complex, including required air volume, wind speed, and wind pressure, to develop ventilation plans for the construction site. The intelligent management platform also includes a 3D simulation function, which visualizes the ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration of each major cavern during different construction stages of a large-scale pumped storage cavern. Furthermore, the intelligent management platform includes on-site monitoring and artificial intelligence training capabilities. By integrating real-time data from sensors for various gases, smoke, and hazardous gases provided by the monitoring system with simulation model calculation results, a neural network evaluation model is constructed.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as one and two are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions. The sentence "including an element defined by ... does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the element."

[0031] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction at a pumped storage hydropower station, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Install various sensors required for construction sites in the underground cavern complex to monitor ventilation volume, wind speed, and dust concentration in the tunnel in real time; S2: A dust concentration monitoring sensor is installed at the exhaust vent to monitor the exhaust dust concentration in real time during a specific time period. Based on the existing residual dust concentration in the cavern during that time period and the dust concentration generated at the current stage, the sensor compares and analyzes the dust concentrations of the exhaust, existing residual, and current data sets (the dust concentrations generated at the current stage). This allows accurate identification of the specific construction stage generating the most dust, as well as the efficiency of the cavern exhaust system during that construction stage. S3: Establish an underground cavern complex model based on computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation and 3D simulation analysis platform, conduct visual simulation of ventilation air volume, wind speed, and dust concentration of each major cavern at different construction stages, and verify and modify the model based on field measurement data; S4: A training dataset was constructed using field measured data and CFD numerical simulation results under various working conditions of complex cavern linkage ventilation and smoke dispersion, and a neural network model for smoke dispersion and dust control was established.

2. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the construction process, the dust concentration generated in the current construction stage is monitored in real time, and a dust floating path range circle is determined with the construction center point as the center of the circle. A model is established based on the path range to calculate the dust concentration center point and multiple dust concentration edge points.

3. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust concentration edge points represent the boundary areas of this path range, where the concentration is lower than that of the center points. Workers should prioritize working at these edge points where the dust concentration is lower.

4. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 3, wherein: After establishing the dust concentration center point and the dust concentration edge point, the dust generated at this stage is mixed with the existing remaining dust in the cavern, and the dust is discharged through exhaust. When the concentration of the existing remaining dust and the dust generated at this stage exceeds the warning value, the alarm mechanism will be activated.

5. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 4, characterized in that: By real-time monitoring and calculation of dust concentration distribution model, the construction center point is set is the center of the circle and the radius is The circular area is taken as the dust floating path range circle. Within this range, the Gaussian diffusion model is used to estimate the dust concentration distribution: in, Indicates the distance from the center point for Dust concentration at the site; is the center point Maximum dust concentration at is the standard deviation, which reflects the degree of dust diffusion.

6. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the mixed dust concentration exceeds the preset warning value, the system will automatically trigger the alarm mechanism and notify relevant personnel to take further measures. The exhaust system will discharge some dust during operation. Assuming the exhaust efficiency is: Indicates the efficiency of the exhaust system; It is the total amount of dust discharged through the exhaust system in a certain period of time; 。 7. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 6, characterized in that: At each time step Recalculate the dust concentration distribution: in, It is the new dust concentration increment generated in the current time step. Based on the latest dust concentration distribution, the dust concentration center point is re-determined. and multiple dust concentration edge points in, Indicates the location with the highest dust concentration; Represents the set of locations where the dust concentration is below the threshold.

8. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method also combines Web, GIS, BIM and visualization to build an intelligent management integrated platform coordinated by the Internet of Things, wireless local area network and cloud platform to forecast and predict the construction environment in the tunnel and carry out intelligent control.

9. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intelligent management integrated platform includes a three-dimensional simulation for visually displaying the ventilation volume, wind speed and dust concentration of each main cavern in different construction stages of a large pumped storage cavern.

10. The method for monitoring dust concentration during tunnel construction of a pumped storage hydropower station according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intelligent management integrated platform also includes a neural network evaluation model constructed by integrating the real-time data of sensors for various gases, smoke and harmful gases provided by monitoring with the calculation results of simulation models.

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