Small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit

Abstract

The present invention relates to a small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit. When a high-power microwave breaks down, a neon lamp in a signal acquisition circuit triggers a signal amplification circuit to sense and amplify a detection pulse signal, which is then sent to a controller for detection and judgment. The controller determines, based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal, that the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of a high-power microwave pulse and generates an alarm data frame. The data is modulated by a radio frequency signal sending circuit and then transmitted down through an antenna, thereby realizing the alarm and downlink of the high-power microwave pulse. The designed circuit has the characteristics of a compact, small, and simple circuit structure, greatly reducing the system volume of the high-power microwave alarm and maintaining low power consumption, thereby effectively improving system performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave detection alarms and relates to a small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit. Background Art

[0002] High-power microwave devices have long propagation distances, short action times as short as tens of nanoseconds, and can interfere with, disrupt, degrade, and damage electronic equipment in subtle yet subtle ways. These devices have numerous applications in various engineering fields, and detecting the high-power microwave pulses emitted by these devices is crucial for the safety and protection of electronic equipment. Existing high-power microwave monitoring devices are generally based on measuring high-power microwave pulses. For example, the existing document "Method for Fabricating a High-Power Microwave Detection and Alarm Platform Based on Plasma and Photodiodes" proposes a method for high-power microwave (HPM) detection and alarm using a gas discharge tube and a photosensitive circuit module. This method utilizes the photoelectric effect of plasma to detect HPM and uses the photosensitive detection module to generate HPM alarms. Another example is the existing technology "An Integrated High-Power Microwave Field Intensity Real-Time Monitoring and Alarm Device," which uses an omnidirectional waveguide antenna to receive high-power microwaves and implements high-power microwave monitoring and alarming through analog-to-digital conversion (A / D) signal acquisition and data transmission modules. This alarming concept is similar to traditional high-power microwave measurement, requiring costly circuit modules such as A / D signal acquisition, signal transmission, and data processing.

[0003] For example, the existing technology "A Simplified UAV-mounted High-Power Microwave Threat Warning Module" addresses the wide frequency range, sporadic occurrence, short pulse width, and instantaneous high power characteristics of high-power microwaves. It uses a multi-band spliced ​​receiving antenna array, a fast-response power detector to convert microwave signals into voltage signals, and a dedicated step-down limiter to limit the peak power of the microwaves after antenna coupling. A wide dynamic range detection circuit is used to detect the high-power microwave envelope in real time online, and the detection value is compared with a threshold adjustment circuit to achieve high-power microwave warning. However, these traditional technologies are generally large in size, complex in structure, and consume high power, resulting in technical problems such as low system performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned traditional technologies, the present invention proposes a small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit, which greatly reduces the system volume of the high-power microwave alarm, has a simple circuit structure and low power consumption, and can effectively improve system performance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] Provided is a small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit, comprising a signal acquisition circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a controller, a radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and a power supply circuit. The signal output end of the signal acquisition circuit is connected to the signal input end of the signal amplification circuit, the output end of the signal amplification circuit is connected to the detection signal input end of the controller, the alarm signal output end of the controller is connected to the signal input end of the radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and the output end of the power supply circuit is connected to the power supply end of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit, the controller, and the radio frequency signal transmission circuit, respectively.

[0007] The signal acquisition circuit uses a neon lamp as a microwave pulse sensor, which is used to turn on and generate a microwave detection signal output when irradiated by a microwave pulse. The signal amplification circuit is used to receive the microwave detection signal, amplify the signal and compare the voltage, and convert the microwave detection signal into a detection pulse signal. The controller is used to determine the microwave intensity of the microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal, and generate an alarm data frame when the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of the high-power microwave pulse. The radio frequency signal sending circuit is used to modulate the alarm data frame and transmit it down through the antenna.

[0008] In one embodiment, the signal acquisition circuit includes a current limiting resistor, an integrating capacitor, and three neon lamps in parallel, wherein one electrode of the three neon lamps is connected to the voltage-stabilized output terminal of the power supply circuit, the other electrode of the three neon lamps is connected to one end of the integrating capacitor, the other end of the integrating capacitor is grounded, and the current limiting resistor is connected in parallel to the integrating capacitor.

[0009] In one embodiment, the signal amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a second-stage amplifier, the power supply ends of the first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier are respectively connected to the voltage-stabilizing output end of the power supply circuit, the signal input end of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal output end of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal output end of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal input end of the second-stage amplifier, and the signal output end of the second-stage amplifier is connected to the detection signal input end of the controller. The first-stage amplifier is used to perform primary amplification of the microwave detection signal, and the second-stage amplifier is used to compare the voltage of the microwave detection signal after primary amplification with a preset voltage threshold and output a detection pulse signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, the controller is an MCU and the detection signal input terminal of the MCU is set to an external interrupt.

[0011] In one embodiment, the RF signal transmitting circuit includes a matching resistor, a signal modulator, an integrating capacitor and an antenna interface, one end of the matching resistor is connected to the alarm signal output end of the controller, the other end of the matching resistor is connected to the signal input pin of the signal modulator, the signal output pin of the signal modulator is connected to the input end of the antenna interface, the antenna interface is used to connect the RF antenna, the power supply input end of the signal modulator is respectively connected to one end of the integrating capacitor and the boost output end of the power supply circuit, and the other end of the integrating capacitor is grounded.

[0012] In one embodiment, the power supply circuit includes a power supply input circuit, a DC boost circuit, and a DC voltage stabilizing circuit. The input end of the power supply input circuit is used to connect to a power supply source, the output end of the power supply input circuit is connected to the input end of the DC boost circuit, the output end of the DC boost circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the DC voltage stabilizing circuit and the power supply end of the radio frequency signal transmitting circuit, and the output end of the DC voltage stabilizing circuit is respectively connected to the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit, and the power supply end of the controller;

[0013] The DC boost circuit is used to convert the input voltage of the power supply input circuit into a 10V DC voltage output, and the DC voltage stabilizing circuit is used to convert the 10V DC voltage into a regulated 5V DC voltage output.

[0014] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit also includes a burning port circuit, the power supply end of the burning port circuit is connected to the output end of the power supply circuit, and the data end of the burning port circuit is connected to the data setting end of the controller, and the burning port circuit is used to burn configuration data into the controller.

[0015] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit also includes a signal indication circuit, the input end of the signal indication circuit is connected to the alarm indication output end of the controller, and the signal indication circuit is used to provide a light signal indication for the level of the detection pulse signal detected by the controller.

[0016] In one embodiment, the signal amplification circuit, controller, radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and power supply circuit are mounted on one plane of the PCB board, the remaining components of the signal acquisition circuit except the neon lamp are mounted on one plane of the PCB board, and the neon lamp of the signal acquisition circuit is mounted on another plane of the PCB board;

[0017] The other plane of the PCB board is paved with copper and exposes neon lamps to withstand microwave pulse radiation. An electromagnetic shielding cover is set on one plane of the PCB board, which covers all circuit components on the one plane of the PCB board to isolate the microwave pulse radiation.

[0018] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0019] The above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit triggers the signal amplification circuit to sense and amplify the detection pulse signal when the high-power microwave breaks down through the neon lamp of the signal acquisition circuit, and then sends it to the controller for detection and judgment. The controller determines that the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of the high-power microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal, and generates an alarm data frame. The data is modulated by the radio frequency signal sending circuit and then transmitted down through the antenna, thereby realizing the alarm and downlink of the high-power microwave pulse. The designed circuit has the characteristics of compact, small and simple circuit structure, which greatly reduces the system volume of the high-power microwave alarm.

[0020] Since the breakdown of neon lamps requires a high field strength, the designed circuit cannot respond in a general electromagnetic field environment, thus avoiding the impact of false triggering in complex electromagnetic environments. The system no longer needs to be in a continuous working state for detection, thus reducing system power consumption. At the same time, through the coordination of the hardware signal chain and the controller, the perception, conditioning and wireless transmission of high-power microwave pulses are realized, which is suitable for the perception, alarm and signal transmission of high-power microwaves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to an embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a signal acquisition circuit and a signal indication circuit in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a signal amplification circuit in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the MCU interface circuit in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a radio frequency signal transmitting circuit in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power supply and programming circuit in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of the PCB layout of a small-sized high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and Examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that, when the present invention refers to an "embodiment", it means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The display of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in the present invention may be combined with other embodiments. The term "and / or" used in the description of the present invention refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0031] The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a small-scale high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit is provided, comprising a signal acquisition circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a controller, a radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and a power supply circuit. The signal output of the signal acquisition circuit is connected to the signal input of the signal amplification circuit, which in turn is connected to the detection signal input of the controller. The alarm signal output of the controller is connected to the signal input of the radio frequency signal transmission circuit. The output of the power supply circuit is respectively connected to the power supply terminals of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit, the controller, and the radio frequency signal transmission circuit. The signal acquisition circuit uses a neon lamp as a microwave pulse sensor, which turns on when irradiated by a microwave pulse and generates a microwave detection signal output. The signal amplification circuit receives the microwave detection signal, amplifies it, and compares the voltage, converting it into a detection pulse signal. The controller determines the microwave intensity of the microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal and generates an alarm data frame when the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of a high-power microwave pulse. The radio frequency signal transmission circuit modulates the alarm data frame and transmits it via an antenna.

[0033] It can be understood that the signal acquisition circuit uses a neon lamp as a unit circuit of the microwave pulse sensor. When the neon lamp is exposed to microwave pulse radiation, low-power or standard-power microwave pulses cannot reach the field strength requirement for the neon lamp to break down. Therefore, in the absence of high-power microwave pulse radiation, the neon lamp will not conduct. Conversely, when exposed to high-power microwave pulse radiation, the neon lamp will conduct, thereby triggering the signal acquisition circuit to generate a corresponding microwave detection signal, such as a voltage signal output generated by the RC (resistance-capacitance) charge-discharge circuit within the signal acquisition circuit. In order to effectively sense high-power microwave pulse radiation, the signal acquisition circuit can use one, two, or more neon lamps. The specific configuration can be based on the sensing needs of high-power microwave pulse radiation in actual applications, as long as it can effectively sense high-power microwave pulses.

[0034] The signal amplification circuit can employ an amplification + threshold comparison circuit design to further sense and amplify the microwave detection signal corresponding to the high-power microwave pulse. It then compares the microwave detection signal with a set voltage threshold (the threshold value can be set based on the specific high-power microwave pulse amplitude to be detected), thereby outputting the corresponding detection pulse signal to the controller for processing. The controller can be, but is not limited to, an MCU, FPGA, or CPU, as long as it can perform the aforementioned signal strength determination and data frame generation. The pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal, such as the frequency and duration, can be used to calculate signal strength characteristics.

[0035] The RF signal transmission circuit can adopt different structural types of RF transmission circuits, which generally include circuit components such as signal modulation and antenna interface. It is used to modulate the input alarm data frame and transmit it to the antenna according to the existing process of RF signal transmission. The alarm data frame is the data to be transmitted framed in a unique set frame format or the data to be transmitted with set data bits. It is used to notify other back-end devices of the current high-power microwave pulse irradiation result. In actual production, all of the above circuit components can be integrated on the same PCB board, with the neon lamp and other electronic components on opposite sides of the PCB board. The neon lamp side is used to receive microwave pulse irradiation, while the other side is protected from microwave pulse irradiation. This achieves high-power microwave pulse sensing while preventing damage to other circuit components.

[0036] The above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit triggers the signal amplification circuit to sense and amplify the detection pulse signal when the high-power microwave breaks down through the neon lamp of the signal acquisition circuit, and then sends it to the controller for detection and judgment. The controller determines that the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of the high-power microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal, and generates an alarm data frame. The data is modulated by the radio frequency signal sending circuit and then transmitted down through the antenna, thereby realizing the alarm and downlink of the high-power microwave pulse. The designed circuit has the characteristics of compact, small and simple circuit structure, which greatly reduces the system volume of the high-power microwave alarm.

[0037] Since the breakdown of neon lamps requires a high field strength, the designed circuit cannot respond in a general electromagnetic field environment, thus avoiding the impact of false triggering in complex electromagnetic environments. The system no longer needs to be in a continuous working state for detection, thus reducing system power consumption. At the same time, through the coordination of the hardware signal chain and the controller, the perception, conditioning and wireless transmission of high-power microwave pulses are realized, which is suitable for the perception, alarm and signal transmission of high-power microwaves.

[0038] In one embodiment, the signal acquisition circuit includes a current-limiting resistor R1, an integrating capacitor C1, and three neon lamps (i.e., P1, P2, and P3) connected in parallel. One electrode of each of the three neon lamps is connected to the regulated output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the other electrode of each of the three neon lamps is connected to one end of the integrating capacitor C1. The other end of the integrating capacitor C1 is grounded. The current-limiting resistor R1 is connected in parallel to the integrating capacitor C1.

[0039] It can be understood that this embodiment adopts Figure 2 The signal acquisition circuit shown in the figure employs three neon lamps, P1, P2, and P3, arranged in parallel. This further addresses the limited ionization area of ​​a single neon lamp. If the microwave pulse energy is weak or unevenly distributed, it may not trigger conduction, leading to missed signal detection. By connecting the three neon lamps in parallel, their equivalent detection area is significantly increased, providing wider coverage for microwave pulses. Even if the pulse energy is dispersed, it is easier to trigger at least one neon lamp to conduct, thereby achieving effective sensing and improving sensitivity. Furthermore, if one neon lamp fails (e.g., an open circuit), the other two will still function properly, preventing overall sensor failure and improving reliability. Current-limiting resistor R1 is primarily used to eliminate dark current, and integrating capacitor C1 is primarily used to extend the microwave detection signal's duration to facilitate subsequent circuit processing.

[0040] In one embodiment, the signal amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a second-stage amplifier. The power supply terminals of the first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier are respectively connected to the voltage-stabilizing output terminal of the power supply circuit. The signal input terminal of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal output terminal of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal output terminal of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal input terminal of the second-stage amplifier, and the signal output terminal of the second-stage amplifier is connected to the detection signal input terminal of the controller. The first-stage amplifier is used to perform primary amplification of the microwave detection signal, and the second-stage amplifier is used to compare the voltage of the microwave detection signal after primary amplification with a preset voltage threshold and output a detection pulse signal.

[0041] It can be understood that in this embodiment, the signal amplification circuit includes Figure 3 The first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier shown in the figure, the first-stage amplifier is used to receive the microwave detection signal (which can be recorded as the outV signal) output by the signal acquisition circuit and perform primary amplification (such as op amp amplification); the second-stage amplifier is used to compare the voltage of the amplified outV signal (such as a comparator), that is, to compare it with the preset voltage threshold, and output the corresponding high and low level detection pulse signal (which can be recorded as the outV1 signal) to the controller so that the controller can further process it and determine whether to issue an alarm.

[0042] Further, Figure 3 The two-stage amplifier in the circuit includes an operational amplifier OP, a comparator CP and other peripheral circuit components, such as resistors R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, capacitors C2, C3 and C4. The connection relationship between them is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the circuit structure is simple and can efficiently and reliably complete the amplification and comparison conversion processing of microwave detection signals.

[0043] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit also includes a signal indication circuit, the input end of the signal indication circuit is connected to the alarm indication output end of the controller, and the signal indication circuit is used to provide a light signal indication for the level of the detection pulse signal detected by the controller.

[0044] It can be understood that the signal indication circuit can use an LED light-emitting device or a unit circuit to provide light indication for the detection pulse signal. For example, but not limited to, when the controller detects that the level of the detection pulse signal is high, the LED light-emitting device or the unit circuit emits light. Conversely, when the controller detects that the level of the detection pulse signal is low, the light-emitting device or the unit circuit is extinguished, thereby directly detecting high-power microwave pulse irradiation on the circuit board for local alarm indication, thereby improving alarm efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, this embodiment can adopt Figure 2The signal indication circuit shown is composed of a current-limiting resistor R2 and an LED light-emitting diode D1 connected in series. After the controller detects the level state of the detection pulse signal, it directly connects to the signal indication circuit through the LED pin for light signal indication, thereby completing efficient local alarm in a relatively simple circuit structure.

[0046] In one embodiment, the controller is an MCU and the detection signal input terminal of the MCU is set to an external interrupt.

[0047] It can be understood that in this embodiment, an MCU is used as a controller. In actual use, the processing logic of the MCU can be pre-configured according to the signal processing and data frame generation functions required to be performed by the above-mentioned controller, so that it can automatically perform corresponding logical control in actual application. For example, the key pins and signal flows of each circuit part are as follows:

[0048] like Figure 2 The three neon lamps connected in parallel in the signal acquisition circuit shown serve as microwave pulse sensors. When irradiated by microwave pulses, they turn on and trigger the subsequent circuitry. At the instant the neon lamps turn on, current flows through current-limiting resistor R1 and charges integrating capacitor C1, causing a voltage rise at one end of integrating capacitor C1, generating the outV signal.

[0049] Use Figure 3 When the signal amplification circuit is shown, the second stage amplifier is used to compare the voltage of the amplified outV signal and output the corresponding outV1 signal to the 7th pin of the MCU. The logic control of the MCU is described as follows: Figure 4 As shown, pin 7 (input) of the MCU receives the outV1 signal (high / low level). The MCU internally detects the outV1 signal level via its built-in ADC module or GPIO module. Pin 8 (output) of the MCU is connected to a signal indicator circuit (such as an LED), which can directly indicate the level of the MCU pin 7 through light (for example, the LED turns on when a high level is detected and turns off when a low level is detected). The MCU also determines the intensity of the microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the outV1 signal (such as frequency and duration). When a high-power microwave pulse is detected, an alarm data frame is generated. This alarm data frame is sent to the DAT pin (signal input) of the RF signal transmission circuit via the MCU's communication interface (such as the UART / SPI interface on pin 1). C5 is a ground capacitor connected to the MCU. Pin 2 of the MCU is the MCU power supply. Pin 3 of the MCU is the ECI pin, which is the external clock input terminal for the MCU's internal programmable counter / timer array. Pin 4 of the MCU is grounded. Pins 5 and 6 of the MCU are the data transmission and reception terminals, respectively. The MCU's small size and high processing speed can further reduce the overall circuit size.

[0050] In one embodiment, the RF signal transmission circuit includes a matching resistor R9, a signal modulator SM, an integrating capacitor C6, and an antenna interface JI. One end of the matching resistor R9 is connected to the alarm signal output of the controller, the other end of the matching resistor R9 is connected to the signal input pin of the signal modulator SM, and the signal output pin of the signal modulator SM is connected to the input end of the antenna interface JI, which is used to connect to the RF antenna. The power supply input end of the signal modulator SM is respectively connected to one end of the integrating capacitor C6 and the boost output end of the power supply circuit, and the other end of the integrating capacitor C6 is grounded.

[0051] It is understandable that Figure 5 As shown, the RF signal transmission circuit is used to receive the alarm data frames output by the MCU and modulate them before transmitting them through the antenna. Its circuit structure is simple and can use an existing small signal modulator SM to complete the data modulation. Finally, it is connected to the antenna through the antenna interface JI for signal transmission.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the DAT pin of the RF signal transmission circuit receives the alarm data frame output by the MCU and modulates it and outputs it to the antenna through the ANT (antenna output) pin for transmission. To achieve antenna matching, the matching resistor R9 can be designed with a 50Ω impedance (for antenna impedance matching) to ensure efficient RF signal radiation.

[0053] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the power supply circuit includes a power supply input circuit, a DC boost circuit, and a DC voltage regulator circuit. The input end of the power supply input circuit is used to connect to the power supply, and the output end of the power supply input circuit is connected to the input end of the DC boost circuit. The output end of the DC boost circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the DC voltage regulator circuit and the power supply end of the RF signal transmission circuit. The output end of the DC voltage regulator circuit is respectively connected to the power supply end of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit, and the controller. The DC boost circuit is used to convert the input voltage of the power supply input circuit into a 10V DC voltage output, and the DC voltage regulator circuit is used to convert the 10V DC voltage into a regulated 5V DC voltage output.

[0054] Specifically, the power supply circuit first stably and safely connects the external DC power supply through the power supply input circuit (including the power supply input interface P01, diode D2 and parallel capacitors C7 and C8), and then provides the required different adaptive voltages to the acquisition circuit, signal amplification circuit, MCU and RF signal transmission circuit through the above-mentioned DC boost circuit and DC voltage stabilization circuit to ensure the reliable operation of each circuit part.

[0055] like Figure 6As shown, the DC voltage regulator circuit can use a DC (direct current) 5V voltage regulator circuit (such as an existing voltage regulator chip) to power the MCU, signal acquisition circuit, and signal amplification circuit. Its peripheral circuitry consists of a unidirectional conducting diode D3, capacitor C9, voltage regulator chip U2, capacitors C10, and capacitors C11 to ensure that the entire DC voltage regulator circuit can stably output 5V power (output from node A5V). The DC boost circuit can use a DC5V→10V boost circuit: for example, a DC-DC boost chip (such as various existing boost chips) generates 10V to supply modules requiring high voltage (such as the RF signal transmission circuit).

[0056] The peripheral circuitry of the DC boost circuit consists of capacitors C12, C13, C14, C15, boost chip U1, inductor L1, unidirectional diode D4, resistors R11, and R12. Capacitor C12 filters high-frequency noise from the 5V power supply, stabilizing the input power and ensuring stable circuit operation. Resistors R11 and R12 form a voltage divider to coordinate with boost chip U1 to stabilize the boosted 10V output. The filter network formed by capacitors C13, C14, and C15 thoroughly removes voltage ripple, ensuring a smooth and stable 10V power supply and improving power quality. Inductor L1 participates in boost chip U1's power conversion, preventing voltage fluctuations caused by sudden current changes during the conversion process. Unidirectional diode D4 also provides rectification, preventing reverse potential damage to the circuit and improving circuit safety.

[0057] The module pins and signal keywords in the above circuit can be further linked as follows: neon lamp → resistor R5 / capacitor C1 → outV signal → first-stage amplifier → second-stage amplifier → outV1 signal (pin 7 of the second-stage amplifier) ​​→ MCU pin 7 → MCU processing → alarm data frame → DAT pin of the RF signal transmission circuit → antenna transmission. MCU pin 7 → MCU pin 8 → signal indication circuit (LED).

[0058] In one embodiment, Figure 6 As shown, the above-mentioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit also includes a burning port circuit, the power supply end of the burning port circuit is connected to the output end of the power circuit, and the data end of the burning port circuit is connected to the data setting end of the controller. The burning port circuit is used to burn configuration data into the controller.

[0059] As you can understand, this embodiment also includes a programming port circuit for controller software and data configuration, such as configuring the controller's processing logic and microwave intensity limits. This allows the controller to quickly adapt to high-power microwave detection and alarms at different intensity levels. The programming port circuit consists of a data programming interface P02 and resistor R10. When powered by a 5V power supply, it supports connection to the MCU via data pins Tx and Rx, allowing configuration data to be programmed into the MCU.

[0060] In one embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the signal amplification circuit, controller, RF signal transmission circuit, and power supply circuit are mounted on one surface of the PCB. The remaining components of the signal acquisition circuit, except for the neon lamp, are also mounted on another surface of the PCB. The neon lamp is mounted on another surface of the PCB. The other surface of the PCB is copper-clad, exposing the neon lamp to withstand microwave pulse radiation. An electromagnetic shield is installed on one surface of the PCB, covering all circuit components on the first surface of the PCB to isolate them from microwave pulse radiation.

[0061] It can be understood that in actual circuit assembly, the three neon lamps P1, P2, and P3 can be plugged into the designated connectors P1, P2, and P3 on the PCB corresponding to the signal acquisition circuit, respectively. This makes assembly simple and efficient. Thus, the key design points of the aforementioned small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit include: adjusting the values ​​of resistor R5 and capacitor C1 to adjust the sensitivity of the neon lamps, ensuring a significant rise in the outV voltage when the microwave pulse is triggered (e.g., current limiting by R5 and integration by capacitor C1). Proper setting of the comparator threshold, i.e., the reference voltage of the second-stage amplifier, is also required to avoid false triggering (e.g., via a voltage divider resistor).

[0062] like Figure 7 The other side (the backside) of the PCB shown is designed to withstand strong electromagnetic pulses. This means the neon lamp is exposed to high-power microwave radiation to withstand strong electromagnetic pulses. The neon lamp and other circuit components are located on opposite sides of the circuit board. For example, the neon lamp is installed on the backside, while the other components can be installed on the frontside. The entire backside of the circuit board is copper-clad, with only the neon lamp protruding from the copper foil. An electromagnetic shield is designed on the front side of the circuit board, where the circuit components are located, to protect them from high-power microwave radiation. Furthermore, an interrupt pin must be configured (for example, by setting pin 7 of the MCU as an external interrupt) to improve the MCU's response speed and capture outV1 signal transitions in real time.

[0063] It should be noted that, in the specific circuit diagrams of the above-mentioned circuit parts, if the pins in different circuit diagrams are marked with the same number, it means that the pins with the same number are connected.

[0064] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0065] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit, characterized in that: It includes a signal acquisition circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a controller, a radio frequency signal transmission circuit and a power supply circuit. The signal output end of the signal acquisition circuit is connected to the signal input end of the signal amplification circuit, the output end of the signal amplification circuit is connected to the detection signal input end of the controller, the alarm signal output end of the controller is connected to the signal input end of the radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and the output end of the power supply circuit is respectively connected to the power supply end of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit, the controller and the radio frequency signal transmission circuit; The signal acquisition circuit uses a neon lamp as a microwave pulse sensor, which is used to conduct and generate a microwave detection signal output when irradiated by a microwave pulse. The signal amplification circuit is used to receive the microwave detection signal, amplify the signal and compare the voltage, and convert the microwave detection signal into a detection pulse signal. The controller is used to determine the microwave intensity of the microwave pulse based on the pulse characteristics of the detection pulse signal and generate an alarm data frame when the microwave intensity reaches the intensity of the high-power microwave pulse. The radio frequency signal transmission circuit is used to modulate the alarm data frame and transmit it down through the antenna. The signal acquisition circuit includes a current limiting resistor, an integrating capacitor and three neon lamps in parallel. One of the electrodes of the three neon lamps is connected to the voltage-regulated output end of the power supply circuit, and the other electrodes of the three neon lamps are connected to one end of the integrating capacitor. The other end of the integrating capacitor is grounded, and the current limiting resistor is connected in parallel to the integrating capacitor.

2. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal amplification circuit includes a first-stage amplifier and a second-stage amplifier. The power supply ends of the first-stage amplifier and the second-stage amplifier are respectively connected to the voltage-stabilizing output end of the power supply circuit, the signal input end of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal output end of the signal acquisition circuit, the signal output end of the first-stage amplifier is connected to the signal input end of the second-stage amplifier, and the signal output end of the second-stage amplifier is connected to the detection signal input end of the controller. The first-stage amplifier is used to perform primary amplification of the microwave detection signal, and the second-stage amplifier is used to compare the voltage of the microwave detection signal after primary amplification with a preset voltage threshold and output a detection pulse signal.

3. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is an MCU and the detection signal input terminal of the MCU is set to an external interrupt.

4. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The RF signal transmitting circuit includes a matching resistor, a signal modulator, an integrating capacitor and an antenna interface. One end of the matching resistor is connected to the alarm signal output end of the controller, and the other end of the matching resistor is connected to the signal input pin of the signal modulator. The signal output pin of the signal modulator is connected to the input end of the antenna interface. The antenna interface is used to connect the RF antenna. The power supply input end of the signal modulator is respectively connected to one end of the integrating capacitor and the boost output end of the power supply circuit, and the other end of the integrating capacitor is grounded.

5. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power supply circuit includes a power supply input circuit, a DC boost circuit and a DC voltage stabilizing circuit. The input end of the power supply input circuit is used to connect to the power supply, the output end of the power supply input circuit is connected to the input end of the DC boost circuit, the output end of the DC boost circuit is respectively connected to the input end of the DC voltage stabilizing circuit and the power supply end of the radio frequency signal transmission circuit, and the output end of the DC voltage stabilizing circuit is respectively connected to the signal acquisition circuit, the signal amplification circuit and the power supply end of the controller; The DC boost circuit is used to convert the input voltage of the power supply input circuit into a 10V DC voltage output, and the DC voltage stabilizing circuit is used to convert the 10V DC voltage into a regulated 5V DC voltage output.

6. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a burning port circuit, the power supply end of the burning port circuit is connected to the output end of the power circuit, the data end of the burning port circuit is connected to the data setting end of the controller, and the burning port circuit is used to burn configuration data to the controller.

7. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a signal indication circuit, the input end of the signal indication circuit is connected to the alarm indication output end of the controller, and the signal indication circuit is used to provide a light signal indication for the level of the detection pulse signal detected by the controller.

8. The small high-power microwave pulse alarm processing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal amplification circuit, controller, radio frequency signal transmission circuit and power supply circuit are mounted on one plane of the PCB board. The remaining components of the signal acquisition circuit except the neon lamp are mounted on one plane of the PCB board. The neon lamp of the signal acquisition circuit is mounted on another plane of the PCB board. The other plane of the PCB board is paved with copper and exposes neon lamps to withstand microwave pulse radiation. An electromagnetic shielding cover is set on one plane of the PCB board, which covers all circuit components on the one plane of the PCB board to isolate the microwave pulse radiation.

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