Preparation method of an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, and relates to the technical field of electric field sensors.The method comprises the following steps: selecting a polymer matrix material and an ion electrolyte, and based on the selected polymer matrix material and ion electrolyte, performing microstructure regulation, film formation process regulation and surface modification to obtain a solid-state polymer electrolyte; selecting an organic semiconductor material, and based on the selected organic semiconductor material, performing material hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity characteristic regulation to obtain an organic semiconductor; performing interface optimization between the solid-state polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and based on the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor, preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range; and the interface optimization is used for increasing ion injection and migration efficiency.The application can realize measurement of electric fields with different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges, and ensure that the sensor can maintain high response and stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric field sensors, and in particular to a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electric field sensors have wide applications in modern power systems, Internet of Things, environmental monitoring, and other fields. In particular, in power equipment monitoring, electromagnetic environment assessment, and smart grids, the performance of electric field sensors directly affects the stability and reliability of the system. Traditional electric field sensors are mostly based on capacitance, resistance, or electric field induction principles. However, these technologies often have unstable performance or limited measurement range when facing various electric field strengths, especially under low and high electric field conditions.

[0003] Currently, many electric field sensors cannot simultaneously meet the wide range of electric field measurement requirements, especially in terms of adaptability to alternating current and direct current electric fields. In traditional electric field sensors, response sensitivity usually depends on the dielectric constant or resistivity of the material. However, these materials often exhibit nonlinearity under different electric field strengths, making it difficult to effectively cover multiple electric field measurement ranges. In addition, existing sensor designs generally cannot guarantee long-term stability under complex environmental conditions, especially when the electric field strength changes significantly. The response performance of the sensor often fluctuates significantly, leading to a decrease in measurement accuracy.

[0004] Organic semiconductor materials, as a new type of sensor material, have gradually shown their potential in the field of electric field sensors in recent years. Compared with traditional materials, organic semiconductor materials have the advantages of strong tunability, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, accurately controlling the electrochemical properties of these materials, especially ion migration and injection characteristics, remains a challenge. Existing technologies mainly focus on optimizing single materials or structural design to improve sensor performance. However, these technologies are often limited to a single electric field strength range and lack effective adaptability to different electric field types such as alternating current and direct current. Therefore, how to measure electric fields of different frequencies, amplitudes, and ranges while ensuring that the sensor maintains efficient response and stability has become a key problem in current electric field sensing technology. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, which can measure electric fields of different frequencies, amplitudes, and ranges while ensuring that the sensor maintains efficient response and stability.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, comprising:

[0008] Selecting a polymer matrix material and an ion electrolyte, and based on the selected polymer matrix material and ion electrolyte, performing microstructure regulation, film formation process regulation, and surface modification to obtain a solid-state polymer electrolyte;

[0009] Selecting an organic semiconductor material, and based on the selected organic semiconductor material, performing material hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity regulation to obtain an organic semiconductor;

[0010] Performing interface optimization between the solid-state polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and based on the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor, preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range; the interface optimization is used to increase ion injection and migration efficiency.

[0011] Optionally, the polymer matrix material uses PVDF-HFP or PEO.

[0012] Optionally, the ion electrolyte uses EMIM-BF4 or BMIM-TFSI.

[0013] Optionally, the microstructure regulation includes regulation of polymer molecular arrangement, crosslinking degree, molecular weight distribution, and porosity.

[0014] Optionally, the film formation process regulation includes regulation of polymer electrolyte crystallization characteristics and molecular packing structure by adjusting film formation process parameters; the film formation process at least includes solvent and annealing.

[0015] Optionally, the surface modification includes using low-temperature plasma treatment technology to activate the material surface, change the surface chemical properties, and increase the surface polarity and roughness.

[0016] Optionally, the organic semiconductor material uses PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT, or P90.

[0017] Optionally, the material hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity regulation includes modifying hydrophilic groups or hydrophobic groups at the organic semiconductor interface; the hydrophilic groups include carboxyl, hydroxyl, or sulfonic acid groups; the hydrophobic groups include fluorinated groups or methyl groups.

[0018] Optionally, the interface optimization includes:

[0019] Interface self-assembly layer: forming an ordered molecular layer or nanolayer between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through a self-assembly method, and optimizing the interface contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through intermolecular hydrogen bonds;

[0020] Interfacial chemical modification: attaching high conductive materials or hydrophilic molecules between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through chemical grafting or covalent bonding to improve the conductive rate of charges and ions, and reduce the hysteresis phenomenon of electric field response; the high conductive materials include PEDOT:PSS or silver nanowires; the hydrophilic molecules include PEI or PVA;

[0021] Interfacial enhancement layer: coating a polyvinyl imine or polyvinyl alcohol film on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor to increase the accumulation ability of ions at the interface and improve the efficiency of ion injection.

[0022] Optionally, the measurement frequency band width of the electric field sensor is DC to 100 MHz, and the amplitude measurement range is 1 mV / m to 2 MV / m.

[0023] According to the specific embodiments of the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0024] The application discloses a preparation method of an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 The flowchart of the preparation method of the electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 2 The principle diagram of electric field measurement in the present embodiment is shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 3Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between ions and electrons in the sensor in the present embodiment, wherein part (a) is a schematic diagram of the relationship between cations and anions, and part (b) is a schematic diagram of the relationship between cations, anions and electrons.

[0029] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement results of the sensor in the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0031] The purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, which can realize the measurement of electric fields of different frequencies, different amplitudes and different ranges, and ensure that the sensor can maintain high response and stability.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1, the present application provides a preparation method of an electric field sensor based on ion migration and injection characteristics, which comprises: Figure 1 Step 100: selecting a polymer matrix material and an ion electrolyte, and based on the selected polymer matrix material and ion electrolyte, performing microstructure regulation, film formation process regulation and surface modification to prepare a solid-state polymer electrolyte.

[0034] Step 200: selecting an organic semiconductor material, and based on the selected organic semiconductor material, performing regulation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics of the material to prepare an organic semiconductor.

[0035] Step 300: performing interface optimization between the solid-state polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and based on the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor, preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range; the interface optimization is used to increase the ion injection and migration efficiency.

[0036]

[0037] ​As a specific embodiment, the main purpose is to provide an electric field sensor with multiple measurement ranges (including alternating and direct electric fields) by regulating the ion migration and injection characteristics of organic semiconductor materials. This technology solves the problem that existing electric field sensors cannot work stably under various electric field conditions, especially when facing different electric field intensity changes, and can provide stable measurement performance. Therefore, by precisely adjusting the electrochemical doping level and microstructure of the material, the present embodiment aims to realize an electric field sensor with a wide measurement range and high response sensitivity to meet diverse measurement needs.

[0038] As shown in Figure 2 , the measurement of electric field involves two basic physical processes: first, ions in the polymer electrolyte migrate under the action of an external electric field; second, the migrating ions inject into the organic semiconductor material, causing electrochemical doping. Therefore, the electric field response is determined by both ion migration characteristics and ion injection characteristics.

[0039] As shown in Figure 3 , the regulation method of ion migration and injection characteristics of the micro electric field sensor proposed in the present embodiment is to precisely adjust the microstructure of the polymer electrolyte to control the ion migration and injection characteristics, thereby optimizing the response characteristics of the electric field sensor and realizing multi-range electric field sensing. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0040] 1. Regulation of ion migration characteristics

[0041] The present invention uses a polymer electrolyte with high electrochemical stability and strong ion conductivity as the main medium of the electric field sensor. The migration characteristics of ions in different electrolyte materials are different, so by selecting polymer matrix materials with different polarity and structure characteristics (such as PVDF-HFP, PEO, etc.) and ion electrolytes with different dissociation energy, ion size, charge amount and charge distribution characteristics (such as EMIM-BF4, BMIM-TFSI, etc.), a suitable polymer electrolyte system is prepared to optimize its ion conductivity, mechanical strength and environmental adaptability.

[0042] (1) Microstructure regulation: Adjust the microstructure of the polymer electrolyte to optimize ion migration. Adjusting parameters such as polymer molecular arrangement, crosslinking degree, molecular weight distribution, porosity, etc. can directly affect the ion movement path in the material. Properly increasing the crosslinking degree can improve the mechanical strength and ion migration efficiency of the electrolyte material, and adjusting the porosity can control the flowability of ions in the material.

[0043] (2) Film formation process regulation: By adjusting the parameters of the film formation process such as solvent and annealing, the crystallization characteristics and molecular packing structure of the polymer electrolyte can be regulated. Proper annealing treatment can improve the crystallinity of the electrolyte and increase the ion migration efficiency. X-ray diffraction (XRD), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and other characterization methods can accurately understand the crystallization characteristics of the material.

[0044] (3) Surface modification: Surface modification of the material can further increase the contact area between ions and electrolyte, increase the ion conductivity, and thus improve the response speed and stability of the sensor.

[0045] Using low-temperature plasma treatment technology (oxygen plasma, nitrogen plasma, etc.), the surface of the material is activated, the surface chemical properties are changed, the surface polarity and roughness are increased, and the adsorption and migration ability of ions on the surface is improved.

[0046] By coating a polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating or other conductive polymer layer on the surface of the material, the interaction between ions and the surface is enhanced. The coating not only improves the injection and migration of ions, but also optimizes the interface contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material, improving the response speed and stability of the electric field sensor.

[0047] 2. Regulation of ion injection characteristics:

[0048] The double-layer interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material and the coupling characteristics of the ions and the organic semiconductor material have a significant impact on the ion injection characteristics. Therefore, the selection of appropriate organic semiconductor materials is crucial.

[0049] (1) Selection of organic semiconductor materials

[0050] Select different types of organic semiconductor materials (such as n-type, p-type, doped and undoped, etc.), as well as different branched chain structures (such as alkyl side chains, glycol side chains, etc.). Common materials include PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT, P90, etc. The morphology, molecular packing structure, in-plane and out-of-plane arrangement, and interaction with ions of these materials will directly affect the ion injection characteristics.

[0051] (2) Regulation of material hydrophilic / hydrophobic characteristics

[0052] In the liquid polymer electrolyte system, when ions are injected from the electrolyte into the organic semiconductor material, they are usually surrounded by water molecules, so the hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics of the interface have a significant impact on the injection efficiency of ions. If the interface of the organic semiconductor material exhibits strong hydrophobicity, it is difficult for hydrated ions to effectively approach the interface, thereby reducing the injection efficiency of ions and affecting the sensitivity of the sensor.

[0053] Therefore, by modifying the interface of the organic semiconductor with hydrophilic groups (such as carboxyl, hydroxyl or sulfonic acid groups), the attraction of the interface to hydrated ions can be enhanced, promoting effective injection of ions and improving sensitivity and response speed under low field conditions. Conversely, in certain application scenarios, if excessive ion injection needs to be suppressed to expand the linear measurement range of the sensor, a moderate hydrophobic group (such as a fluorinated group or a methyl group) can be modified on the interface.

[0054] (3) Interface optimization: The interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor is optimized to improve ion injection efficiency and further optimize the performance of the electric field sensor.

[0055] Interface self-assembly layer: Through self-assembly methods, an ordered molecular or nanolayer is formed between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material. The interface contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material is optimized through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

[0056] Interface chemical modification: By chemical grafting or covalent bonding, high-conductivity materials such as PEDOT:PSS, silver nanowires, or hydrophilic molecules such as PEI, PVA, etc. are attached to the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material, improving the conduction rate of charges and ions and reducing the hysteresis phenomenon of electric field response.

[0057] Interface enhancement layer: A layer of polyethyleneimine or polyvinyl alcohol film is coated on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor material to improve the interface contact, increase the accumulation ability of ions at the interface, and improve the efficiency of ion injection, further optimizing the stability and sensitivity of the electric field sensor.

[0058] 3. Implementation of multi-range electric field sensing technology:

[0059] (1) Frequency control

[0060] The measurement frequency band width of the sensor can be achieved by adjusting the ion migration characteristics. High-frequency electric field measurement requires higher ion migration rate and vertical ion migration path, therefore, by adjusting the microstructure of the polymer electrolyte, it is ensured that it maintains good electric field response under high frequency. Low-frequency electric field measurement relies on optimizing the electrochemical doping and ion migration path of the material to ensure the stability of the sensor under low frequency.

[0061] (2) Amplitude measurement range control

[0062] By adjusting the ion injection characteristics, the amplitude measurement range of the sensor can be controlled. In the polymer electrolyte, if the ions are easy to inject into the organic semiconductor material, the electrochemical doping of the organic semiconductor is easy to saturate, so that the current reaches saturation, and the amplitude measurement range is small. On the contrary, when the ions are not easy to inject, the electrochemical doping level is low, the conductive performance of the sensor is poor, and the amplitude measurement range is also relatively small. Therefore, by comprehensively adjusting the ion injection characteristics and the migration characteristics, the amplitude measurement range of the sensor can be optimized, and high-sensitivity electric field measurement can be provided.

[0063] Final frequency and amplitude measurement range: by precisely adjusting the ion migration and injection characteristics, the measurement frequency band width of the sensor is DC to 100MHz, and the amplitude measurement range can be from 1mV / m to 2MV / m, which ensures a wide range of electric field measurement requirements.

[0064] As shown in Figure 4 , the sensor shows higher sensitivity under low electric field conditions, while under high electric field conditions, the sensor automatically optimizes its stability to ensure accurate measurement in the entire electric field intensity range. According to the change of electric field intensity, the working mode of the sensor will automatically adjust, so that it can maintain high-efficiency and stable performance under different electric field environments.

[0065] It can be seen that the sensor obtained by the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] The application successfully realizes an electric field sensor with multiple electric field measurement ranges by controlling the ion migration and injection characteristics of the organic semiconductor material, has a wide measurement range, high sensitivity and high responsiveness, and can work stably under different electric field intensities. The sensor not only improves the measurement accuracy, but also enhances the long-term stability, can adapt to different electric field conditions, including alternating and direct current electric fields, solves the technical bottleneck that traditional sensors cannot work stably in multiple electric field intensity ranges, and is widely used in the fields of power, electronics, automation, etc.

[0067] This technology not only can be applied to electric field monitoring of power equipment, but also can be widely applied to smart grid, environmental monitoring, Internet of Things equipment, etc. In the monitoring of power equipment, the sensor can detect the electric field intensity of the equipment in real time, help identify potential faults or abnormalities; in environmental monitoring, it can cope with complex electromagnetic environments and provide high-precision electric field intensity measurement; in the Internet of Things and smart grid, the sensor can provide support for electric field measurement and data feedback, further improving the intelligent level of the system.

[0068] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.

[0069] The principles and implementations of the present application are described in the specific examples in this article, and the above examples are only used to help understand the core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation and application range will be changed. Therefore, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating an electric field sensor based on ion migration and implantation characteristics, characterized in that, The application relates to a method for preparing an electric field sensor with a set detection range. The method comprises the following steps: Selecting a polymer matrix material and an ionic electrolyte, and preparing a solid-state polymer electrolyte based on the selected polymer matrix material and ionic electrolyte through microstructure regulation, film forming process regulation and surface modification; Selecting an organic semiconductor material, and preparing an organic semiconductor based on the selected organic semiconductor material through material hydrophilic or hydrophobic property regulation; Optimizing the interface between the solid-state polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, and preparing the electric field sensor with the set detection range based on the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte and organic semiconductor; the interface optimization is used for increasing ion injection and migration efficiency; The film forming process regulation comprises regulating the crystallization property and molecular packing structure of the polymer electrolyte by adjusting the parameters of the film forming process; The film forming process at least comprises solvent and annealing; The interface optimization comprises: Interface self-assembly layer: an ordered molecular layer or nanometer layer is formed between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through a self-assembly method, and the interface contact between the electrolyte and the organic semiconductor is optimized through intermolecular hydrogen bond; Interface chemical modification: high-conductivity materials or hydrophilic molecules are attached to the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor through chemical grafting or covalent bonding, so as to improve the charge and ion conduction rate and reduce the hysteresis phenomenon of the electric field response; the high-conductivity materials comprise PEDOT:PSS or silver nanowire; the hydrophilic molecules comprise PEI or PVA; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: Interface enhancement layer: a polyethylene imine or polyvinyl alcohol film is coated on the interface between the polymer electrolyte and the organic semiconductor, so as to increase the ion accumulation capacity at the interface and improve the ion injection efficiency.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The polymer matrix material adopts PVDF-HFP or PEO.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The ionic electrolyte adopts EMIM-BF4 or BMIM-TFSI.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The microstructure regulation comprises regulating the molecular arrangement, crosslinking degree, molecular weight distribution and porosity of the polymer.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The surface modification comprises using a low-temperature plasma treatment technology to activate the material surface, change the surface chemical property, and increase the surface polarity and roughness.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The organic semiconductor material adopts PEDOT:PSS, pgBTTT, P3HT or P90.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The material hydrophilic or hydrophobic property regulation comprises modifying a hydrophilic group or a hydrophobic group at the interface of the organic semiconductor; the hydrophilic group comprises a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group or a sulfonic acid group; the hydrophobic group comprises a fluorinated group or a methyl group. The measurement frequency band width of the electric field sensor is DC to 100 MHz, and the amplitude measurement range is 1 mV / m to 2 MV / m.

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