Electronic building block type edge embedded data acquisition control device

Abstract

The invention discloses an electronic building block type edge embedded data acquisition control device. The electronic building block type edge embedded data acquisition control device comprises a field instrument LoRa local module, a main controller LoRa module and an edge server, the field instrument LoRa local module acquires water quality data in real time, and communicates with the main controller LoRa module through a LoRa ad hoc network; the main controller automatically identifies the instrument and interacts data; and the edge server loads AI computing power processing data to realize two-way transmission and remote control. According to the device, spread spectrum debugging, a channel interception detector and an SNR-based networking algorithm are adopted, the communication reliability in a strong power interference environment is improved, the problems that a traditional system is complex in wiring, long in upgrading period, single in control strategy and the like are solved, and an efficient and intelligent water quality control scheme is provided for a phase modifier external cold water system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent control technology, and in particular to an electronic building block type edge embedded data acquisition and control device. Background Art

[0002] In industrial cooling water systems, the water quality detection and dosing device of the phase shifter water treatment system is crucial. However, traditional automated water quality detection and dosing devices have many problems:

[0003] Poor adaptability and difficulty in upgrading: The automation system, which uses a pre-set business logic architecture and relies on PLC, lacks flexibility. Function adjustments require step-by-step debugging. The system upgrade cycle is as long as 2-3 weeks, which is costly and cannot meet the real-time optimization needs of complex water quality and working conditions.

[0004] Low communication reliability: Wired communication wiring is complex, and wireless solutions have a high bit error rate in environments with strong power interference, making it difficult to ensure real-time and reliable transmission of water quality data.

[0005] Single control strategy: The traditional architecture has rigid control logic and cannot support the rapid iteration of intelligent requirements.

[0006] LoRa technology integrates digital spread spectrum, digital signal processing and forward error correction technology, but its channel sensing and anti-collision mechanism in low-power scenarios has limitations in power consumption environments and requires targeted optimization to improve communication capabilities and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the problems of poor adaptability, low communication reliability and rigid control architecture in water quality monitoring and control of traditional phase-shifting external cooling water systems, and provides an electronic building block edge-embedded data acquisition and control device.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] An electronic building block-type edge-embedded data acquisition and control device, comprising:

[0010] The field instrument LoRa local module is deployed at the water quality detection instrument in the phase-shifting external cooling water system. It includes an MCU, a LoRa radio frequency module, a power module, an instrument communication interface, and a download circuit. It is used to collect data from the water quality detection instrument in real time and communicate with the main controller LoRa module through the LoRa radio frequency module.

[0011] The main controller LoRa module is connected to the field instrument LoRa local module through the LoRa self-organizing network, including a single-chip main control part, a LoRa radio frequency module part, an external Flash storage part, an interface part with the concentrator body, a download and debugging part, and a power supply part; it is used to automatically identify field instruments and exchange data;

[0012] The edge server is connected to the main controller LoRa module, loads AI computing power and models, processes water quality data, and realizes two-way continuous data transmission with the general hardware execution host IEEC.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the LoRa communication technology of the field instrument LoRa local module and the main controller LoRa module adopts a spread spectrum debugging method, which increases the bandwidth occupied by the signal in the frequency domain by spread spectrum encoding the code elements of the digital signal.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the field instrument LoRa local module and the main controller LoRa module both include a LoRa chip, and the LoRa chip has a built-in channel listening detector for identifying other LoRa signals and avoiding data collisions between different terminals; the detection mode of the channel listening detector includes: ① locking the PLL and obtaining the LoRa preamble code symbol; ② turning off the wireless receiver and PLL, searching for the association between the template and the ideal preamble code; ③ generating an interrupt signal and restoring the chip state according to the association result.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the software structure of the main controller LoRa module includes:

[0016] The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communication, operate the LoRa RF module, and provide a calling interface;

[0017] The LoRa network layer is used to manage and maintain all instrument local module nodes and perform networking management;

[0018] 485 protocol parsing layer, used to parse communication data frames;

[0019] The main controller application layer is used to process application requests of the circulating cooling water digital management system, including initialization and file storage and query functions.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the software of the field instrument LoRa local module includes:

[0021] The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communication, operate the LoRa RF module, and provide a calling interface;

[0022] LoRa network layer, used to complete node networking;

[0023] RS485 protocol parsing layer, used to parse the communication data frames between the main controller LoRa module and the field instrument LoRa local module;

[0024] The application layer is used to manage and process each sub-functional layer.

[0025] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the LoRa self-organizing network adopts a networking algorithm based on the SNR signal-to-noise ratio, calculates the link channel quality by receiving the signal-to-noise ratio, and assists in determining the networking path.

[0026] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the specific steps of the networking algorithm based on SNR signal-to-noise ratio include: the main controller LoRa module initiates a networking request, and the node to be networked returns a networking confirmation message, which carries routing information and SNR information; calculates the SNR of the current message and judges the link quality. If the SNR threshold requirement is met, the networking is successful, otherwise it fails; multi-level networking is based on the upper level networking, and by traversing the main sending node and the node to be networked, the optimal link is selected to form a maximum connection network.

[0027] As a further technical solution of the present invention: when the edge server reads the meter, the main controller LoRa module wirelessly sends data to the local module of the meter being read. The local module of the meter constructs and parses the RS485 message according to the received command to realize the reading of the on-site meter data.

[0028] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the power supply module adopts a two-stage step-down method. The first stage of the power supply part of the main controller LoRa module converts 24V into 5V for use by peripherals, and the second stage adopts a linear voltage regulator to convert 5V into 3.3V for use by the controller; the first part of the power supply module of the field instrument LoRa local module uses a switching power supply chip to reduce 24V to 5V, and the second stage uses an LDO to reduce 5V to 3.3V.

[0029] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the water quality detection instrument includes a pH meter, a conductivity meter, an ORP meter, a corrosion and scale inhibitor concentration meter, a turbidity meter and a water temperature thermometer, which are installed near the container of the liquid to be tested in the external cooling water system of the phase regulator to avoid measurement errors caused by excessively long pipelines.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] Plug-and-play and flexible deployment: LoRa self-organizing networks enable rapid access to water quality meters, solving complex wiring issues, facilitating construction, and shortening construction periods.

[0032] High-reliability communication: Spread spectrum modulation and optimized channel sensing strategies significantly improve data transmission reliability in environments with strong power interference and reduce bit error rates.

[0033] Intelligent control and rapid upgrades: Edge servers support AI analysis and real-time policy adjustments, shortening system upgrade cycles from 2-3 weeks to real-time adjustments to meet intelligent needs.

[0034] Data processing and management: Realize the real-time collection, storage, display and report generation of water quality data, and provide comprehensive data support and precise control for the external cooling water system of the phase regulator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the main controller module.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the software structure of the main controller LoRa module.

[0037] Figure 3 This is the main controller LoRa module power-on initialization flow chart.

[0038] Figure 4 This is the hardware block diagram of the local module.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the instrument local module software structure.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locations of the main controller LoRa module and the field instrument LoRa local module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. The technology, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0043] like Figure 1-6 As shown in the figure, the electronic building block-style edge-embedded data acquisition and control device proposed in this invention comprises a field instrument LoRa local module and a main controller LoRa module. The main controller module automatically identifies field instruments and automatically exchanges data; the field instrument LoRa local module collects various data in real time from water quality monitoring instruments deployed in the cooling water system outside the phase regulator.

[0044] Here’s how it works:

[0045] (1) Building an electronic building block wireless Internet of Things based on LoRa communication technology: The debugging method of LoRa technology adopts spread spectrum debugging, and its theoretical basis is the Shannon (C.E. Shannon) channel capacity formula in information theory:

[0046] C=B·log2(1+S / N) (1)

[0047] Where C is the channel capacity, in bits per second; B is the channel bandwidth, in hertz; S is the signal power, in watts; and N is the noise power, in watts. To improve communication capabilities in harsh environments (low signal-to-noise ratio), the electronic building block-type edge-embedded data acquisition and control device based on LoRa communication technology improves this by increasing the signal bandwidth, B. By performing spread spectrum coding on the code elements of the digital signal, the bandwidth occupied in the frequency domain is increased, thereby surviving harsh channel environments.

[0048] (2) The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device based on LoRa communication technology uses a star network architecture and adopts a reasonable channel monitoring (CAD channel activity detect) strategy to optimize the design of the communication mechanism between the terminal and the base station. Among them, since LoRa technology uses spread spectrum technology for wireless communication, it can receive signals with an intensity far lower than the noise, which makes the traditional method of using signal strength (RSSI) to determine whether the channel is occupied invalid. In order to solve the problem that data collisions may occur between different terminals, the present invention has a built-in channel listening detector in the LoRa chip itself to identify other LoRa signals. Its detection mode is designed to detect the LoRa preamble code on the wireless channel with the highest possible power efficiency. During the channel detection process, the following operations will be performed in sequence:

[0049] The PLL is locked; the wireless receiver acquires the LoRa preamble symbol of the data from the channel. The current consumption during this period corresponds to the specified Rx mode current; the wireless receiver and PLL are turned off, and the modem digital processing begins.

[0050] (3) The modem searches for the correlation between the sample obtained by the chip and the ideal preamble. During this period, the current consumption is greatly reduced; after the calculation is completed, the modem generates a CADDONE interrupt signal. If the association is successful, a CADDECTED signal is generated at the same time; the chip returns to standby mode; if a preamble is found, the interrupt is cleared, and the chip is set to Rx single or continuous mode to start receiving new data. The hardware structure diagram of the controller LoRa module is shown in the figure below. Figure 1As shown, the system consists of a single-chip microcontroller (MCU) main control unit, a LoRa radio module, external Flash storage, an interface with the concentrator, a download and debugging unit, and a power supply. The power supply uses a Mean Well 22V to 24V converter. A two-stage step-down method ensures stable power supply to the main controller LoRa module. The first stage converts 24V to 5V for the main controller LoRa module peripherals. A Raspberry Pi RP2040 is used as the controller. The second stage uses a linear voltage regulator to convert 5V to 3.3V for the controller.

[0051] (4) The software structure of the main controller LoRa module mainly includes the LoRa radio frequency driver layer, the LoRa network layer, the 485 protocol analysis layer and the main controller application layer ( Figure 2 The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communications. As the underlying communication driver layer for the local module, this software layer is primarily responsible for operating the LoRa RF module and providing a corresponding call interface to the upper communication protocol layer. The LoRa network layer manages and maintains all instrument local module nodes and provides networking management for all nodes. The main controller application layer primarily handles application requests for the circulating cooling water digital management system, including the main controller LoRa module initialization process and local file storage and query functions.

[0052] (5) When the main controller LoRa module is powered on, it first determines whether it is the first time to power on. If it is the first time to power on, it means that the current module has no information and all status information, RF communication parameters, file data and networking information need to be initialized. The initialization process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. If this is not the first power-up, the main controller reads the relevant configuration information stored in the external Flash memory, initializes the operating environment, and begins information synchronization with the concentrator. After the main controller's LoRa module completes initialization, it initiates node networking. The main controller waits for module networking to complete before performing meter reading tasks. Node networking operates according to the SNR-based wireless LoRa networking method, with a maximum depth of 7 levels. The main controller's LoRa module actively initiates the networking process and processes the relevant networking response messages. After networking is complete, the concentrator's local module reports the networking results based on the concentrator's query routing relay request. The main controller's LoRa module stores information about connected and disconnected nodes, as well as all meter files, in the external Flash memory.

[0053] (6) The LoRa local module of field instruments is mainly responsible for reading the flow meter, sewage meter, drain valve, dosing pump, liquid level switch, pressure and temperature acquisition box, thermometer and humidity meter and other field instruments. The LoRa local module of field instruments communicates with field instruments through the serial port, and the communication protocol is RS485. The hardware components of the local module are as follows: Figure 4As shown, the system primarily consists of an MCU, a LoRa radio module, a power module, an instrument communication interface, and a download circuit. The power module comprises a two-stage step-down circuit, ensuring power quality and supplying power to the entire system (MCU and LoRa module). The instrument's 2x6 interface provides 24V power. The first stage of the power module uses a switching power supply chip to step down the 24V to 5V; the second stage uses an LDO to step down the 5V to 3.3V. The MCU utilizes the cost-effective STM32F103 series, which offers a wealth of internal interface resources. The MCU's primary functions include receiving and processing data from the LoRa module; sending meter reading commands to the field instrument via the serial port; and transmitting data returned by the field instrument to the concentrator via the LoRa module.

[0054] (7) Software according to Figure 5 The design structure shown in the figure mainly includes the LoRa RF driver layer, LoRa network layer, RS485 protocol parser layer, and application layer. The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communication. As the underlying communication driver layer of the local module, this software layer is primarily responsible for operating the LoRa RF module and providing the corresponding call interface for the upper communication protocol layer. The LoRa network layer is used to complete node networking. The RS485 protocol layer is mainly responsible for parsing communication data frames between the main controller LoRa module and the field instrument LoRa local module, completing information exchange. The application layer is responsible for managing and processing the various sub-functional layers. The workflow of the instrument local module is shown in the figure below, including power-on initialization, GPIO, serial port, RF module, and watchdog timer. The instrument module monitors data from the LoRa module and serial port, performing corresponding operations based on the received data, and processing the data in a loop.

[0055] (8) The local module of the concentrator will send a LoRa networking message to the local module of the meter. After receiving the message, the local module of the meter will return a networking confirmation message. The networking message carries routing information. Through the networking process, the local module of the concentrator selects a path to the meter reading instrument. If the meter reading message received through the LoRa module is a meter reading message, the RS485 message data is extracted from the message and sent to the meter through the serial port. After waiting for the meter to return the data, the data is returned to the concentrator through the LoRa module. The meter reading message sent by the local module of the concentrator carries routing information. After receiving the LoRa data, the meter module needs to extract the routing information and RS485 message respectively according to the message header information. When the data returned by the meter is sent to the concentrator via LoRa, the routing information also needs to be added before the RS485 message.

[0056] (9) The location of the main controller LoRa module in the LoRa-based field instrument acquisition wireless communication solution is as follows Figure 6As shown, when the edge server reads meters, the main controller's LoRa module wirelessly transmits data to the local module of the meter being read. The local module then constructs and parses RS485 messages based on the received commands to read the meter data. Furthermore, various on-site instruments and equipment can be located anywhere within the main process equipment, depending on the operating conditions. Through LoRa self-organizing network communication, these instruments and equipment can be flexibly and conveniently connected to the main controller for remote monitoring and control, resolving the issues of dispersed on-site equipment and difficult wiring. This convenient and efficient construction process can significantly reduce the amount of work and shorten the construction period.

[0057] (10) LoRa self-organizing network adopts LoRa networking algorithm based on SNR signal-to-noise ratio to avoid the problems of unreliable and inefficient networking in existing large-scale networking solutions. The link channel quality is calculated by using the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to assist in judging whether to network. The SNR threshold is used as a rigid indicator to obtain the best route network (BRN) with the strongest connection properties; the SNR channel quality classification (excellent, good, poor) is used as a flexible indicator to obtain the maximum connection network with BRN network properties. Specifically, when the original networking message header remains unchanged, SNR1 is added to the end of the message to assist in judging the reliability of the network. In the first-level networking process, the link channel quality is judged, the SNR1 in the message is obtained and the SNR2 of the current message is calculated to judge whether the channel quality of the current communication link meets the stable communication requirements (SNR1>-15&&SNR2>-15). If the requirements are met, the first-level networking is successful; if not, the current node to be networked fails to network. Multi-level networking is based on the completion of the previous level networking. After the JZQ networking information is delivered to the previous level networking node, the previous level networking node (DB) serves as the main sending node, M = DB, and the networking process is considered to be initiated by M. The networking steps are as follows: record the current networking level, initiate networking request, parse and receive networking messages, judge link quality, select the best link, traverse all main sending nodes, and record S j The optimal link is found, all nodes to be networked are traversed, and BRN networking is complete. The channel quality determination method for the BRN networking process is then modified to maximize networking and form the largest connected network (MCN). BRN's multi-level networking is based on primary networking. It is necessary to ensure good communication link quality among nodes in the primary network to achieve stable relaying. Therefore, the MCN algorithm only needs to modify the link communication quality determination step in the BRN implementation.

[0058] Specifically, the MCN algorithm is modified based on the BRN algorithm as follows:

[0059] Determine the link communication quality:

[0060] Get the SNR1 in the message and calculate the SNR2 of the current message. First, grade the current communication quality according to the following evaluation indicators:

[0061] if(SNR1>0&&SNR2>0), LinkQ=Better;

[0062] else if(SNR1>-10&&SNR2>-10),LinkQS j =Good;

[0063] else if(SNR1>-15&&SNR2>-15),LinkQS j =wel l;

[0064] else if(SNR1>-18&&SNR2>-18),LinkQS j =bad;

[0065] else LinkQS j =worse;

[0066] Record the current node to be networked S j LinkQS j , and default to the current S j The node network is successfully established.

[0067] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0068] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method includes only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition control device, characterized in that: include: The field instrument LoRa local module is deployed at the water quality detection instrument in the phase-shifting external cooling water system. It includes an MCU, a LoRa radio frequency module, a power module, an instrument communication interface, and a download circuit. Used to collect data from water quality testing instruments in real time and communicate with the main controller LoRa module through the LoRa radio frequency module; The main controller LoRa module is connected to the field instrument LoRa local module through the LoRa self-organizing network, including a single-chip main control part, a LoRa radio frequency module part, an external Flash storage part, an interface part with the concentrator body, a download and debugging part, and a power supply part; Used to automatically identify field instruments and exchange data; The edge server is connected to the main controller LoRa module, loads AI computing power and models, processes water quality data, and realizes two-way continuous data transmission with the general hardware execution host IEEC.

2. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa communication technology of the field instrument LoRa local module and the main controller LoRa module adopts a spread spectrum debugging method, which increases the bandwidth occupied by the signal in the frequency domain by performing spread spectrum coding on the code elements of the digital signal.

3. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field instrument LoRa local module and the main controller LoRa module both include a LoRa chip. The LoRa chip has a built-in channel listening detector for identifying other LoRa signals and avoiding data collisions between different terminals. The detection modes of the channel listening detector include: ① locking the PLL and obtaining the LoRa preamble code symbol; ② turning off the wireless receiver and PLL, searching for the association between the sample and the ideal preamble code; ③ generating an interrupt signal and restoring the chip status based on the association result.

4. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The software structure of the main controller LoRa module includes: The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communication, operate the LoRa RF module, and provide a calling interface; The LoRa network layer is used to manage and maintain all instrument local module nodes and perform networking management; 485 protocol parsing layer, used to parse communication data frames; The main controller application layer is used to process application requests of the circulating cooling water digital management system, including initialization and file storage and query functions.

5. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The software of the field instrument LoRa local module includes: The LoRa RF driver layer is used to enable and configure LoRa communication, operate the LoRa RF module, and provide a calling interface; LoRa network layer, used to complete node networking; RS485 protocol parsing layer, used to parse the communication data frames between the main controller LoRa module and the field instrument LoRa local module; The application layer is used to manage and process each sub-functional layer.

6. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa self-organizing network adopts a networking algorithm based on the SNR signal-to-noise ratio, calculates the link channel quality by receiving the signal-to-noise ratio, and assists in determining the networking path.

7. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of the networking algorithm based on SNR signal-to-noise ratio include: the main controller LoRa module initiates a networking request, and the node to be networked returns a networking confirmation message, which carries routing information and SNR information; calculates the SNR of the current message and judges the link quality. If the SNR threshold requirement is met, the networking is successful, otherwise it fails; multi-level networking is based on the upper level networking, and by traversing the main sending node and the node to be networked, the optimal link is selected to form a maximum connection network.

8. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the edge server reads the meter, it wirelessly sends data to the local module of the meter being read through the main controller LoRa module. The local module of the meter constructs and parses the RS485 message according to the received command to realize the reading of the on-site meter data.

9. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module adopts a two-stage step-down method. The first stage of the power supply part of the main controller LoRa module converts 24V into 5V for use by peripherals, and the second stage uses a linear voltage regulator to convert 5V into 3.3V for use by the controller; the first part of the power supply module of the field instrument LoRa local module uses a switching power supply chip to reduce 24V to 5V, and the second stage uses LDO to reduce 5V to 3.3V.

10. The electronic building block edge embedded data acquisition and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality testing instruments include a pH meter, a conductivity meter, an ORP meter, a corrosion and scale inhibitor concentration meter, a turbidity meter and a water temperature thermometer, which are installed near the container of the liquid to be tested in the external cooling water system of the phase regulator to avoid measurement errors caused by too long pipelines.

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