Methods for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market clearing with flexible resources on the demand side

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for clearing the day-ahead electricity market by allowing high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate with flexible demand-side resources. The method includes the following steps: Step S1, initializing the bidding information of power generation enterprises and their day-ahead electricity load demand; Step S2, determining the high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and their bidding information based on the demand response mechanism; Step S3, establishing a day-ahead electricity market clearing model considering both electricity and ancillary services, with the model's objective function being maximizing social welfare; Step S4, solving the day-ahead electricity market clearing model, outputting the unit output plan, load demand plan, and market clearing price, and generating a system day-ahead operation plan. This invention, employing the above-mentioned method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate with flexible demand-side resources in the day-ahead electricity market, helps to fully tap the load regulation potential of high-energy-consuming enterprises, balancing their normal production and regulation benefits, and increasing their enthusiasm for participating in the electricity market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electricity market trading technology, and in particular to a clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible demand-side resources. Background Technology

[0002] Electricity is an indispensable energy source in the production processes of energy-intensive enterprises, and a rigid requirement for their continuous and large-scale operation. Meanwhile, the loads of energy-intensive enterprises, due to their large total power and wide range of flexible power regulation, have become a highly promising regulatory resource for the power grid's demand-side response. In the electricity market, demand response projects aim to shift or reduce user electricity demand, thereby improving the reliability of the power system. Furthermore, by guiding user-side loads to change consumption patterns, they can effectively reduce peak load demand and alleviate transmission network congestion. Therefore, implementing demand response for energy-intensive enterprises is a key measure to improve the efficiency of power grid operation.

[0003] Currently, demand response participation in the electricity market has been practiced abroad for over a decade, and related mechanisms are relatively complete. In contrast, load resource participation in China's electricity market is still in the pilot and exploratory stage, with various trading instruments and participation methods coexisting. As early as the early 1970s, US utility companies began implementing demand-side management mechanisms. With the advancement of electricity market reforms, especially after the California power crisis in 2001, the US established a demand response market mechanism based on its existing market system, forming a mature demand response market operation model represented by PJM. In the late 2010s, France implemented an integrated demand-side flexible resource market mechanism, introducing residential load aggregators to achieve large-scale integration of distributed resources, focusing on developing the regulation potential of industrial and residential loads. In November 2013, the Australian National Electricity Market proposed a market-based demand response trading mechanism, designing its overall framework to promote market participation of demand-side resources and improve the flexibility and economy of the power system.

[0004] While demand response mechanisms have achieved significant success in major global electricity markets, the traditional model simplifies demand response to the inherent assumption of price inelasticity, contradicting the inherent requirement of elastic demand curves in bilateral markets. This "quantity reporting without price quotations" operating model fails to accurately reflect users' true electricity demand, leading to market clearing inefficiencies and losses in social welfare. For example, in the initial stage of China's electricity spot market, mature electricity markets such as the US PJM cannot be simply copied. Instead, a "one-sided market" model with no user participation should be gradually transitioned to a "semi-bilateral" model with user participation and quantity reporting without price quotations.

[0005] As the penetration rate of high-proportion renewable energy continues to increase, the system's demand for adjustable resources is rising significantly. However, existing demand response typically involves reporting load resources without offering prices, leaving the demand side in a passive position as price takers. Therefore, to ensure the social welfare and clearing efficiency of the electricity market, this invention proposes a method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate flexibly in the day-ahead electricity market clearing process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. By combining demand response mechanisms and market clearing methods, this invention proposes a clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. This method helps to fully tap the load regulation potential of high-energy-consuming enterprises, balance their normal production and regulation benefits, and increase their enthusiasm for participating in the electricity market.

[0007] This invention provides a method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market clearing process using flexible demand-side resources, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Initialize the power generation companies' pricing information and day-ahead power load demand;

[0009] Step S2: Based on the demand response mechanism, identify the high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and their bidding information, and calculate the demand for non-reducible loads:

[0010]

[0011] Among them, D eng N and K represent the electricity load demand forecast by the power system operator. n LQ represents the number of high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and the total number of bid price ranges for high-energy-consuming enterprise n, respectively. n,k This indicates the load reduction bid volume of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in the bid price range k;

[0012] Step S3: Establish a day-ahead electricity market clearing model that considers electrical energy and ancillary services. The model uses the maximization of social welfare as the objective function, as shown in the following equation:

[0013]

[0014] Among them, P L The bid price for high-energy-consuming enterprises at time t, where load reduction is not permitted; b is the unreducible load of a high-energy-consuming enterprise at time t; t The economic benefits gained by high-energy-consuming enterprises by reducing load at time t; g t Let be the power generation cost of the power generation company at time t;

[0015] Step S4: Solve the day-ahead electricity market clearing model, output the unit output plan, load demand plan and market clearing price, and generate the system day-ahead operation plan.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, b t and g t Calculate using the following formulas respectively:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, LP n,k and These represent the price of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in bidding price range k and the load reduction amount of high-energy-consuming enterprise n at time t in bidding price range k, respectively. and These represent the bid price of generator set i in bid price range j and the cleared amount of generator set i at time t in bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the reserve bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the reserve clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the adjusted bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the adjusted clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively; I represents the number of generator sets. and These represent the electrical energy, reserve, and regulation bid price segment of generator set i, respectively.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4,

[0020] The current electricity market clearing model includes constraints on generator capacity, generator ramp rate, and electricity supply and demand balance.

[0021] The generator set capacity constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, O i Let i be the capacity of generator set i;

[0024] The generator set's gradeability constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, RD i For downhill slope rate, RU i Uphill gradient;

[0027] The constraint on the balance between electrical energy supply and demand is shown in the following equation:

[0028]

[0029] in, This represents the upper limit of the electrical energy bid for generator set i within the bid price range j.

[0030] Preferably, in step S4, the standby service constraint is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Wherein, λ1 and λ2 represent the reserve risk adjustment factor and the reserve capacity limit ratio, respectively; This indicates the upper limit of the standby bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

[0033] Preferably, in step S4, the service constraints are adjusted as shown in the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] D reg,t This represents the regulation demand of the generator set at time t; Indicates whether generator set i participates in regulation service at time t. At that time, the generator set participates in the regulation service, when At that time, the generator set does not participate in regulation services; and These represent the maximum and minimum adjustable output values, respectively. This indicates the upper limit of the adjustable bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

[0036] Therefore, this invention adopts the above-mentioned clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. It combines the demand response mechanism and the market clearing method to propose a clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. This method helps to fully tap the load regulation potential of high-energy-consuming enterprises, take into account their normal production and regulation benefits, and improve the enterprises' enthusiasm for participating in the electricity market.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible resources on the demand side of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2This is an implementation framework diagram of the method for clearing the day-ahead electricity market by allowing high-energy-consuming enterprises to use flexible resources on the demand side.

[0040] Figure 3 A day-ahead power load demand curve provided by the system operator for the clearing method of the day-ahead power market for high-energy-consuming enterprises with flexible demand-side resources;

[0041] Figure 4 This invention presents a demand curve for the non-reducible load of high-energy-consuming enterprises, illustrating the clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises' flexible resource participation in the day-ahead electricity market.

[0042] Figure 5 The load reduction curve of high-energy-consuming enterprises is shown in the clearing method of the demand-side flexible resource participation of high-energy-consuming enterprises in the day-ahead electricity market of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 This invention provides an electricity clearing price curve for the method of clearing the day-ahead electricity market for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in flexible resource allocation on the demand side.

[0044] Figure 7 This invention provides a clearing price curve for the clearing method of the day-ahead electricity market for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in flexible resource allocation on the demand side.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a standby clearing price curve for the clearing method of the day-ahead electricity market for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the flexible resource participation of demand-side enterprises in the clearing method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0048] The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a method for clearing out high-energy-consuming enterprises' demand-side flexible resources to participate in the day-ahead electricity market, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step S1: Initialize the power generation companies' pricing information and day-ahead power load demand;

[0052] Step S2: Based on the demand response mechanism, identify the high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and their bidding information, and calculate the demand for non-reducible loads:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, D eng N and K represent the electricity load demand forecast by the power system operator. n LQ represents the number of high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and the total number of bid price ranges for high-energy-consuming enterprise n, respectively. n,k This indicates the load reduction bid volume of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in the bid price range k;

[0055] Step S3: Establish a day-ahead electricity market clearing model that considers electrical energy and ancillary services. The model uses the maximization of social welfare as the objective function, as shown in the following equation:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, P L The bid price for high-energy-consuming enterprises at time t, where load reduction is not permitted; b is the unreducible load of a high-energy-consuming enterprise at time t; t The economic benefits gained by high-energy-consuming enterprises by reducing load at time t; g t Let be the power generation cost of the power generation company at time t;

[0058] In step S3, b t and g t Calculate using the following formulas respectively:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, LP n,k and These represent the price of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in bidding price range k and the load reduction amount of high-energy-consuming enterprise n at time t in bidding price range k, respectively. and These represent the bid price of generator set i in bid price range j and the cleared amount of generator set i at time t in bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the reserve bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the reserve clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the adjusted bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the adjusted clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively; I represents the number of generator sets. and These represent the electrical energy, reserve capacity, and regulation bid price segment of generator set i, respectively;

[0061] Step S4: Solve the day-ahead electricity market clearing model, output the unit output plan, load demand plan and market clearing price, and generate the system day-ahead operation plan.

[0062] In step S4, the day-ahead electricity market clearing model includes generator capacity constraints, generator ramp rate constraints, and power supply and demand balance constraints.

[0063] The generator set capacity constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, O i Let i be the capacity of generator set i;

[0066] The generator set's gradeability constraint is shown in the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, RD i For downhill slope rate, RU i Uphill gradient;

[0069] The constraint on the balance between electrical energy supply and demand is shown in the following equation:

[0070]

[0071] in, This represents the upper limit of the electrical energy bid for generator set i within the bid price range j.

[0072] In step S4, the standby service constraint is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Wherein, λ1 and λ2 represent the reserve risk adjustment factor and the reserve capacity limit ratio, respectively; This indicates the upper limit of the standby bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

[0075] In step S4, the service constraints are adjusted as shown in the following equation:

[0076]

[0077] D reg,t This represents the regulation demand of the generator set at time t; Indicates whether generator set i participates in regulation service at time t. At that time, the generator set participates in the regulation service, when At that time, the generator set does not participate in regulation services; and These represent the maximum and minimum adjustable output values, respectively. This indicates the upper limit of the adjustable bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

[0078] The participants in this current market clearing model consist of system operators, power generation companies, and energy-intensive enterprises. The implementation framework of this clearing method is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in Table 1, the relevant operating parameters and quotation information for the eight generator units submitted by the power generation companies are presented in Table 1. The day-ahead power load demand provided by the system operator is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0079] Table 1. Operating parameters and pricing information of power generation enterprises

[0080]

[0081] Based on the demand response quotation information provided by three high-energy-consuming enterprises in a certain region, which participate in demand response every 30 minutes (as shown in Tables 2 and 3), the demand for non-reducible loads of these high-energy-consuming enterprises is calculated, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0082] Table 2. Bidding Quantities for Load Reduction by High-Energy-Consuming Enterprises

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Table 3. Bidding Prices for Load Reduction by High-Energy-Consuming Enterprises

[0086]

[0087] After the above data preparation work is completed, the proposed day-ahead electricity market clearing model is solved to obtain the load reduction amount of high-energy-consuming enterprises, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the load reduction bids of various enterprises are consistent, indicating that the proposed market clearing method can effectively incentivize high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in supply and demand interaction. During periods of power shortage in the system, the power market can fully consider the demand response mechanism and thus reduce load.

[0088] An analysis of the supply and demand balance constraints of electrical energy and ancillary services yields the clearing prices for electrical energy, regulation, and reserves. The results are as follows: Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0089] The clearing status of generator sets 1 and 2 of the power generation enterprise was analyzed, as shown in Table 4.

[0090] Table 4 Clearance Results for Generator Sets 1 and 2

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 4, during the scheduling process, the capacity with the lower bid within the same unit will be prioritized. Only after that unit is fully scheduled will the capacity with the higher bid be considered. This is because, within the same bid range, the capacity with the lower bid has priority in scheduling.

[0093] Therefore, this invention adopts the above-mentioned clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. It combines the demand response mechanism and the market clearing method to propose a clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market using flexible demand-side resources. This method helps to fully tap the load regulation potential of high-energy-consuming enterprises, take into account their normal production and regulation benefits, and improve the enterprises' enthusiasm for participating in the electricity market.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate flexibly in the day-ahead electricity market using their demand-side resources, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step S1: Initialize the power generation companies' pricing information and day-ahead power load demand; Step S2: Based on the demand response mechanism, identify the high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and their bidding information, and calculate the demand for non-reducible loads: Among them, D eng N and K represent the electricity load demand forecast by the power system operator. n LQ represents the number of high-energy-consuming enterprises participating in regulation and the total number of bid price ranges for high-energy-consuming enterprise n, respectively. n,k This indicates the load reduction bid volume of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in the bid price range k; Step S3: Establish a day-ahead electricity market clearing model that considers electrical energy and ancillary services. The model uses the maximization of social welfare as the objective function, as shown in the following equation: Among them, P L The bid price for high-energy-consuming enterprises at time t, where load reduction is not permitted; b is the unreducible load of a high-energy-consuming enterprise at time t; t The economic benefits gained by high-energy-consuming enterprises by reducing load at time t; g t Let be the power generation cost of the power generation company at time t; Step S4: Solve the day-ahead electricity market clearing model, output the unit output plan, load demand plan and market clearing price, and generate the system day-ahead operation plan.

2. The clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible demand-side resources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, b t and g t Calculate using the following formulas respectively: Among them, LP n,k and These represent the price of high-energy-consuming enterprise n in bidding price range k and the load reduction amount of high-energy-consuming enterprise n at time t in bidding price range k, respectively. and These represent the bid price of generator set i in bid price range j and the cleared amount of generator set i at time t in bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the reserve bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the reserve clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively. and These represent the adjusted bid price of generator set i under bid price range j and the adjusted clearing amount of generator set i at time t under bid price range j, respectively; I represents the number of generator sets. and These represent the electrical energy, reserve, and regulation bid price segment of generator set i, respectively.

3. The clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible demand-side resources as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, The current electricity market clearing model includes constraints on generator capacity, generator ramp rate, and electricity supply and demand balance. The generator set capacity constraint is shown in the following formula: Among them, O i Let i be the capacity of generator set i; The generator set's gradeability constraint is shown in the following formula: Among them, RD i For downhill slope rate, RU i Uphill gradient; The constraint on the balance between electrical energy supply and demand is shown in the following equation: in, This represents the upper limit of the electrical energy bid for generator set i within the bid price range j.

4. The clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible demand-side resources as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, the standby service constraint is as follows: Wherein, λ1 and λ2 represent the reserve risk adjustment factor and the reserve capacity limit ratio, respectively; This indicates the upper limit of the standby bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

5. The clearing method for high-energy-consuming enterprises to participate in the day-ahead electricity market with flexible demand-side resources as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, the service constraints are adjusted as shown in the following equation: D reg,t This represents the regulation demand of the generator set at time t; Indicates whether generator set i participates in regulation service at time t. At that time, the generator set participates in the regulation service, when At that time, the generator set does not participate in regulation services; and These represent the maximum and minimum adjustable output values, respectively. This indicates the upper limit of the adjustable bid quantity for generator set i under the bid price range j.

Images