Thermoelectric power generation device capable of replacing EGR cooler and control method of thermoelectric power generation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermoelectric power generation device replacing an EGR cooler and a control method of the thermoelectric power generation device. The thermoelectric power generation device comprises an EGR valve, a thermoelectric power generation device body, an engine cooling system, a vehicle storage battery, a vehicle electric appliance and a thermoelectric power generation control system. One side of the thermoelectric power generation device body is connected with a first flange, and the other side is fixedly connected with the EGR valve through a second flange; one end of the thermoelectric power generation device body is connected with an engine cooling system through a cooling liquid outlet pipeline, the other end of the thermoelectric power generation device body is connected with the engine cooling system through a cooling liquid inlet pipeline, and the outer-layer thermoelectric power generation shell is embedded in the thermoelectric power generation device body to form an outer-layer cooling channel. The inner-layer temperature difference power generation shell is embedded in the outer-layer temperature difference power generation shell to form an inner-layer cooling channel, the temperature difference between tail gas and cooling liquid is converted into electric energy through the inner-layer temperature difference power generation plate and the outer-layer temperature difference power generation plate in the temperature difference power generation device body, the tail gas of an engine is cooled, and the recycled electric energy is supplied to a vehicle storage battery or a vehicle electric appliance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation, and relates to a thermoelectric power generation device replacing an EGR cooler and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) of conventional engines is used to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emission, by guiding part of the exhaust gas back into the cylinder to participate in combustion, effectively reducing the combustion chamber temperature and oxygen concentration, thereby suppressing NO x The EGR cooler is primarily used to reduce exhaust gas temperature and improve recirculation efficiency. However, this cooler relies on engine power to drive the coolant circulation pump and cooling fan, resulting in additional energy consumption and a higher burden on fuel economy. Furthermore, waste heat in the exhaust gas, after being processed by the cooler, is discharged directly into the atmosphere through the radiator, resulting in approximately 30%-40% waste heat energy being wasted, significantly reducing the overall energy efficiency of the engine system.

[0003] To address the above-mentioned issues, existing technologies have been improved mainly through two paths: one is to optimize the cooler structure, such as using multi-layer microchannels or enhanced fin designs to improve heat dissipation efficiency. Although such solutions can reduce cooling energy consumption to a certain extent, they will significantly increase the pressure drop resistance of the exhaust gas flow path, resulting in increased engine exhaust back pressure, which in turn weakens the power output performance. The second is to introduce intelligent control systems, such as dynamic temperature control strategies based on PID algorithms or model predictive control (MPC); such methods achieve precise temperature control by adjusting the coolant flow or exhaust gas recirculation rate in real time, but they rely on high-precision sensors and complex calculation models, which not only increases hardware costs, but also causes a surge in the computing power load of the on-board electronic control unit (ECU), which can easily cause control delays or system stability problems under extreme working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric power generation device and a control method thereof to replace the EGR cooler. The thermoelectric power generation device is used to replace the EGR cooler. The exhaust gas is cooled when passing through the thermoelectric power generation device body, and the waste heat of the exhaust gas is used to perform thermoelectric power generation, automatically adjusting the exhaust gas temperature, without consuming additional energy, and having a simple structure.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler, comprising a thermoelectric power generation device body, one side of which is connected to a first flange, and the other side of which is fixedly connected to an EGR valve via a second flange; one end of the thermoelectric power generation device body is connected to an engine cooling system via a coolant outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the engine cooling system via a coolant inlet pipe; a thermoelectric power generation board unit is provided in the thermoelectric power generation device body, and is electrically connected to a vehicle battery and vehicle electrical appliances respectively via a thermoelectric power generation control system.

[0006] Furthermore, the thermoelectric power generation panel unit includes an inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit and an outer layer thermoelectric power generation unit, the inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged in the body of the thermoelectric power generation device, and the outer layer thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged between the inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit and the body of the thermoelectric power generation device; the outer layer thermoelectric power generation unit includes an outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell, and the cavity between the outer wall of the outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell and the inner wall of the body of the thermoelectric power generation device is the outer layer cooling channel; the inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit includes an inner layer thermoelectric power generation shell, and the cavity between the inner wall of the outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell and the outer wall of the inner layer thermoelectric power generation shell is the inner layer cooling channel.

[0007] Furthermore, an outer heat dissipation fin and an outer thermoelectric power generation plate are provided in the outer thermoelectric power generation shell. The outer heat dissipation fin is provided in the outer exhaust gas circulation channel, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation plate. The other end of the outer thermoelectric power generation plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer heat dissipation fins on the upper and lower sides of the outer temperature difference power generation shell are arranged in a vertical direction, and the outer heat dissipation fins on the left and right sides of the outer temperature difference power generation shell are arranged in a horizontal direction.

[0009] Furthermore, an inner heat dissipation fin and an inner thermoelectric power generation plate are provided in the inner thermoelectric power generation shell. The inner heat dissipation fin is provided in the inner exhaust gas flow channel. One end of the inner thermoelectric power generation plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner thermoelectric power generation shell, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side wall of the inner heat dissipation fin.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner heat dissipation fins in the inner temperature difference power generation shell are arranged in a vertical direction.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the outer cooling channel and the outer thermoelectric power generation plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body through a first outer cover plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body through a second outer cover plate.

[0012] Furthermore, one end of the inner cooling channel and the inner thermoelectric power generation plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell through the first inner cover plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell through the second inner cover plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the first outer cover plate and the first inner cover plate are provided with through holes, and the first cooling pipe passes through the through hole at one end and is fixedly connected to the first outer cover plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first inner cover plate; the second outer cover plate and the second inner cover plate are provided with through holes, and the second cooling pipe passes through the through hole at one end and is fixedly connected to the second outer cover plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second inner cover plate.

[0014] The present invention also provides a control method for a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces the EGR cooler. The method is based on the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation device that replaces the EGR cooler, and includes the following steps: the thermoelectric power generation control system obtains the charge state of the vehicle battery. If the charge state of the vehicle battery reaches a preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliances; if the charge state of the vehicle battery does not reach the preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body first supplies power to the vehicle-connected battery, and then supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliances after the charge state of the vehicle battery reaches the preset value.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler, comprising an EGR valve, a thermoelectric power generation device body, an engine cooling system, a vehicle battery, vehicle electrical appliances, and a thermoelectric power generation control system. The temperature difference between the coolant in the engine cooling system and the exhaust gas passing through the thermoelectric power generation device is converted into electrical energy through an inner thermoelectric power generation plate and an outer thermoelectric power generation plate within the thermoelectric power generation device body, thereby recovering waste heat. The recovered electrical energy is supplied to the vehicle battery or vehicle electrical appliances, reducing dependence on engine power generation and thereby reducing fuel consumption.

[0016] The present invention provides a temperature difference power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler. An outer temperature difference power generation shell is nested in a temperature difference power generation device body to form an outer cooling channel. An inner temperature difference power generation shell is nested in the outer temperature difference power generation shell to form an inner cooling channel. The outer cooling channel and the inner cooling channel are connected by a first cooling pipe and a second cooling pipe. An outer temperature difference power generation plate is installed in the outer temperature difference power generation shell, and an inner temperature difference power generation plate is installed in the inner temperature difference power generation shell. The outer temperature difference power generation plate and the inner temperature difference power generation plate utilize temperature difference to generate electricity and cool down the engine exhaust gas at the same time, thereby replacing a traditional EGR cooler, improving the overall thermal efficiency of the engine and the energy utilization rate of the fuel, and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0017] The present invention provides a temperature difference power generation device that replaces the EGR cooler. The outer heat dissipation fins at the upper and lower ends of the outer exhaust gas circulation channel are arranged in the vertical direction, and the outer heat dissipation fins on the left and right sides are arranged in the horizontal direction. This can increase the structural strength of the outer exhaust gas circulation channel and reduce deformation caused by thermal expansion or vibration; in addition, it can make the heat exchange between the engine exhaust and the coolant more uniform, reducing the phenomenon of local overheating or overcooling.

[0018] The present invention provides a control method for a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler. When the battery level of a vehicle reaches a preset threshold, the thermoelectric power generation device body directly supplies power to the vehicle's electrical appliances. If the threshold is not reached, the vehicle battery is charged first, and the vehicle's electrical appliances are supplied only after the battery level reaches the standard. This not only ensures the health of the vehicle's battery, but also improves energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the thermoelectric power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the installation of the first outer cover plate and the first inner cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the installation of the second outer cover plate and the second inner cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the outer cooling channel and the inner cooling channel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the outer layer thermoelectric power generation plate and the inner layer thermoelectric power generation plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-EGR valve; 2-thermoelectric power generation device body; 3-engine cooling system; 4-vehicle battery; 5-vehicle electrical appliances; 6-thermoelectric power generation control system; 7-first outer cover; 8-second outer cover; 9-first inner cover; 10-second inner cover; 11-first cooling duct; 12-second cooling duct; 21-outer thermoelectric power generation shell; 22-outer cooling channel; 23-inner thermoelectric power generation shell; 24-inner cooling channel; 25-outer exhaust gas circulation channel; 26-inner exhaust gas circulation channel; 211-outer heat dissipation fins; 212-outer thermoelectric power generation plate; 231-inner heat dissipation fins; 232-inner thermoelectric power generation plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 The present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler, including a thermoelectric power generation device body 2, one side of which is connected to a first flange, and the other side is fixedly connected to an EGR valve 1 through a second flange; one end of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 is connected to an engine cooling system 3 through a coolant outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the engine cooling system 3 through a coolant inlet pipe; a thermoelectric power generation board unit is provided in the thermoelectric power generation device body 2, and is electrically connected to a vehicle battery 4 and a vehicle electrical appliance 5 through a thermoelectric power generation control system 6.

[0023] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, the thermoelectric power generation device, which replaces the EGR cooler, consists of an EGR valve 1, a thermoelectric power generation device body 2, an engine cooling system 3, a vehicle battery 4, vehicle electrical appliances 5, and a thermoelectric power generation control system 6. A first flange is fixedly connected to the right side of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2, and a second flange is fixedly connected to the left side. Engine exhaust enters through the first flange and flows out of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 through the second flange.

[0024] The outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell 21 and the inner layer thermoelectric power generation shell 23 are provided in the thermoelectric power generation device body 2. The cavity between the outer wall of the outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell 21 and the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 is the outer layer cooling channel 22, and the cavity between the inner wall of the outer layer thermoelectric power generation shell 21 and the outer wall of the inner layer thermoelectric power generation shell 23 is the inner layer cooling channel 24. The outer layer cooling channel 24 and the inner layer cooling channel 22 are used to store coolant, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0025] In summary, the outer layer temperature difference power generation shell 21 is installed in the temperature difference power generation device body 2 to form the outer layer cooling channel 22, and the inner layer temperature difference power generation shell 23 is installed in the outer layer temperature difference power generation shell 21 to form the inner layer cooling channel 24.

[0026] like Figure 6As shown, an outer heat dissipation fin 211 and an outer thermoelectric power generation plate 212 are provided in the outer thermoelectric power generation shell 21. The outer heat dissipation fin 211 is provided in the outer exhaust gas circulation channel 25, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell 21, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation plate 212. The other end of the outer thermoelectric power generation plate 212 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation shell 21.

[0027] Specifically, outer heat dissipation fins 211 are installed within the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25. Increasing the number of outer heat dissipation fins 211 increases the heat dissipation area, improves heat exchange efficiency, and reduces the engine exhaust temperature more rapidly. The outer thermoelectric generator panels 212 are installed between the outer wall of the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25 and the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric generator housing 21. In this embodiment, there are four outer thermoelectric generator panels 212, effectively wrapping the outer wall of the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25.

[0028] The outer heat dissipation fins 211 at the upper and lower ends of the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25 are arranged vertically, while the outer heat dissipation fins 211 on the left and right sides are arranged horizontally. This increases the structural strength of the outer exhaust gas flow channel and reduces deformation caused by thermal expansion or vibration. It also ensures more uniform heat exchange between the engine exhaust and the coolant, reducing local overheating or overcooling.

[0029] An inner heat dissipation fin 231 and an inner temperature difference power generation plate 232 are provided in the inner temperature difference power generation shell 23. The inner heat dissipation fin 231 is provided in the inner exhaust gas circulation channel 26. One end of the inner temperature difference power generation plate 232 is fixedly connected to the inner temperature difference power generation shell 23, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner heat dissipation fin 231.

[0030] like Figure 6 As shown, the inner thermoelectric power generation housing 23 is nested within the outer thermoelectric power generation housing 21. The inner heat dissipation fins 231 are installed within the inner exhaust gas flow channel 26. The inner thermoelectric power generation panels 232 are arranged around the outer wall of the inner exhaust gas flow channel 26. The outer wall of the inner thermoelectric power generation panels 232 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner thermoelectric power generation housing 23. It should be noted that the inner heat dissipation fins 231 installed in the inner exhaust gas flow channel 26 are arranged in a vertical direction.

[0031] The inner thermoelectric power generation housing 23 is installed in the outer thermoelectric power generation housing 21, forming a "return" structure. This allows more engine exhaust gas to be transferred from the first flange to the thermoelectric power generation device body 2, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0032] One end of the outer cooling channel 22 and the outer thermoelectric power generation plate 212 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 through the first outer cover plate 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 through the second outer cover plate 8. Specifically, the outer cooling channel 22 and the outer thermoelectric power generation plate 212 are sealed at both ends by the first outer cover plate 7 and the second outer cover plate 8. Figure 3 shown.

[0033] One end of the inner cooling channel 24 and the inner thermoelectric power generation plate 232 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation housing 21 through the first inner cover plate 9, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation housing 21 through the second inner cover plate 10. Specifically, the inner cooling channel 24 and the inner thermoelectric power generation plate 232 are sealed at both ends by the first inner cover plate 9 and the second inner cover plate 10, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As stated.

[0034] Through holes are provided on the first outer cover plate 7 and the first inner cover plate 9. A first cooling pipe 11 passes through the through holes, one end of which is fixedly connected to the first outer cover plate 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first inner cover plate 9. Through holes are provided on the second outer cover plate 8 and the second inner cover plate 10. A second cooling pipe 12 passes through the through holes, one end of which is fixedly connected to the second outer cover plate 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second inner cover plate 10.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the first outer cover plate 7 is provided with two through holes, and the lower end of the first inner cover plate 9 is provided with two through holes. The through holes in the same vertical direction are fixedly connected by the first cooling pipe 11. Similarly, Figure 4 As shown, the upper end of the second outer cover plate 8 is provided with two through-holes, and the upper end of the second inner cover plate 10 is provided with two through-holes. The through-holes in the same vertical direction are fixedly connected by the second cooling pipe 12. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the four through-holes are of the same shape and size and are compatible with the first cooling pipe 11. The first cooling pipe 11 and the second cooling pipe 12 have the same dimensions. In addition, in this embodiment, the number of through-holes in the first inner cover plate 9, the first outer cover plate 7, the second inner cover plate 10, and the second outer cover plate 8 is two, but this number can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, a coolant outlet pipe is provided at the upper end of the thermoelectric power generation device body 2, and a coolant inlet pipe is provided at the lower end. The coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are both fixedly connected to the thermoelectric power generation device body 2. In this embodiment, the fixed connection is preferably welding.

[0037] The thermoelectric power generation device body 2, the outer thermoelectric power generation shell 21, the inner thermoelectric power generation shell 23, the first inner cover plate 9, the first outer cover plate 7, the second inner cover plate 10, the second outer cover plate 8, the outer heat dissipation fins 211, and the inner heat dissipation fins 231 are all made of heat-conducting materials.

[0038] The working principle of the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention that replaces the EGR cooler is as follows: Engine exhaust enters outer exhaust gas flow channel 25 and inner exhaust gas flow channel 26 through the first flange. Exhaust heat flows through inner heat sink fins 231 and outer heat sink fins 211, entering inner thermoelectric generator housing 23 and outer thermoelectric generator housing 22, respectively, and then through the second flange into EGR valve 1. Coolant from the engine cooling system 3 flows from the coolant outlet pipe into the coolant inlet pipe of the thermoelectric generator body 2. The coolant first flows into outer cooling channel 22, passes through first cooling pipe 11, enters inner cooling channel 24, then passes through second cooling pipe 12 into outer cooling channel 22, and flows out of the coolant outlet pipe of the thermoelectric generator body 2, continuing the cycle.

[0039] The outer and inner thermoelectric panels 212 and 232 utilize the temperature difference between the coolant and the exhaust gas to generate stable electricity. The coolant cools the exhaust gas during circulation. The outer and inner thermoelectric panels 212 and 232 are electrically connected to the vehicle battery 4 and vehicle electrical appliances 5 via a thermoelectric power generation control system 6.

[0040] Example 2 A method for controlling a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler includes the following steps: a thermoelectric power generation control system 6 obtains the state of charge of a vehicle battery 4; if the state of charge of the vehicle battery 4 reaches a preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliances 5; if the state of charge of the vehicle battery 4 does not reach the preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body 2 first supplies power to the vehicle-connected battery 4, and then supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliances 5 after the state of charge reaches the preset value.

[0041] Specifically, after the engine starts, the EGR valve 1 opens simultaneously, allowing engine exhaust gas to enter the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25 and the inner exhaust gas flow channel 26 through the first flange. The exhaust gas heat flows through the outer heat dissipation fins 211 and the inner heat dissipation fins 231 and enters the outer thermoelectric generator plate 212 and the inner thermoelectric generator plate 211. Simultaneously, coolant flows out of the coolant outlet pipe and into the coolant inlet pipe of the thermoelectric generator body 2. The outer thermoelectric generator plate 212 and the inner thermoelectric generator plate 211 utilize the temperature difference to discharge electricity. Simultaneously, the coolant flowing through the inner coolant channel 24 also cools the exhaust gas in the outer exhaust gas flow channel 25.

[0042] Before discharging, the thermoelectric power generation control system 6 uses the temperature difference between the outer thermoelectric power generation panels 212 and the inner thermoelectric power generation panels 211 to obtain the state of charge of the vehicle battery 4. If the state of charge of the vehicle battery 4 reaches 95%, the thermoelectric power generation control system 6 controls the inner thermoelectric power generation panels 232 and the outer thermoelectric power generation panels 212 to supply power to the vehicle electrical appliances 5. Otherwise, the thermoelectric power generation control system 6 controls the inner thermoelectric power generation panels 232 and the outer thermoelectric power generation panels 212 to supply power to the vehicle battery 4 first. When the charge of the vehicle battery 4 reaches 95%, the thermoelectric power generation control system 6 then supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliances 5.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

Claims

1. A thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler, characterized by: The invention comprises a thermoelectric power generation device body (2), wherein one side of the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) is connected to a first flange, and the other side is fixedly connected to an EGR valve (1) via a second flange; one end of the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) is connected to an engine cooling system (3) via a coolant outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the engine cooling system (3) via a coolant inlet pipe; a thermoelectric power generation board unit is provided in the thermoelectric power generation device body (2), and is electrically connected to a vehicle battery (4) and a vehicle electrical appliance (5) respectively via a thermoelectric power generation control system (6).

2. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: The thermoelectric power generation panel unit comprises an inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit and an outer layer thermoelectric power generation unit, wherein the inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged in the thermoelectric power generation device body (2), and the outer layer thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged between the inner layer thermoelectric power generation unit and the thermoelectric power generation device body (2); The outer layer temperature difference power generation unit comprises an outer layer temperature difference power generation shell (21), and the cavity between the outer wall of the outer layer temperature difference power generation shell (21) and the inner wall of the temperature difference power generation device body (2) is an outer layer cooling channel (22); The inner layer temperature difference power generation unit comprises an inner layer temperature difference power generation shell (23), and the cavity between the inner wall of the outer layer temperature difference power generation shell (21) and the outer wall of the inner layer temperature difference power generation shell (23) is an inner layer cooling channel (24).

3. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 2, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: An outer heat dissipation fin (211) and an outer temperature difference power generation plate (212) are provided in the outer temperature difference power generation housing (21). The outer heat dissipation fin (211) is provided in the outer exhaust gas flow channel (25), one end of the outer heat dissipation fin is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer temperature difference power generation housing (21), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer temperature difference power generation plate (212). The other end of the outer temperature difference power generation plate (212) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the outer temperature difference power generation housing (21).

4. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 3, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: The outer heat dissipation fins (211) on the upper and lower sides of the outer temperature difference power generation housing (21) are arranged in a vertical direction, and the outer heat dissipation fins (211) on the left and right sides of the outer temperature difference power generation housing (21) are arranged in a horizontal direction.

5. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 3, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: An inner heat dissipation fin (231) and an inner temperature difference power generation plate (232) are provided in the inner temperature difference power generation housing (23); the inner heat dissipation fin (231) is provided in the inner exhaust gas flow channel (26); one end of the inner temperature difference power generation plate (232) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner temperature difference power generation housing (23), and the other end is fixedly connected to the side wall of the inner heat dissipation fin (231).

6. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 5, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: The inner heat dissipation fins (231) in the inner temperature difference power generation housing (23) are arranged in a vertical direction.

7. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 5, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: One end of the outer cooling channel (22) and the outer thermoelectric power generation plate (212) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) via a first outer cover plate (7), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) via a second outer cover plate (8).

8. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 7, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: One end of the inner cooling channel (24) and the inner thermoelectric power generation plate (232) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation housing (21) via a first inner cover plate (9), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer thermoelectric power generation housing (21) via a second inner cover plate (10).

9. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 8, which replaces the EGR cooler, is characterized in that: The first outer cover plate (7) and the first inner cover plate (9) are provided with through holes, and the first cooling pipe (11) passes through the through holes and is fixedly connected to the first outer cover plate (7) at one end, and is fixedly connected to the first inner cover plate (9) at the other end; The second outer cover plate (8) and the second inner cover plate (10) are provided with through holes, and the second cooling pipe (12) passes through the through holes and is fixedly connected to the second outer cover plate (8) at one end, and is fixedly connected to the second inner cover plate (10) at the other end.

10. A control method for a thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler, based on the thermoelectric power generation device that replaces an EGR cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The thermoelectric power generation control system (6) obtains the state of charge of the vehicle battery (4); If the state of charge of the vehicle battery (4) reaches a preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliance (5); If the state of charge of the vehicle battery (4) does not reach a preset value, the thermoelectric power generation device body (2) first supplies power to the vehicle-connected battery (4), and then supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliance (5) after the state of charge reaches the preset value.

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