Photovoltaic test method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic test method and system, and relates to the related field of the photovoltaic technology, and the method comprises the steps: building a data collection control system, deploying a plurality of sensors and detection equipment, and collecting the operation data, environment data and image data of a photovoltaic module in real time; establishing a photovoltaic detection data management system, storing and analyzing the acquired related data of the photovoltaic module, and judging whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions of the performance of the photovoltaic module; when the environmental data reaches a standard test condition, electrical performance, reliability and safety tests are carried out on the photovoltaic module, and test data are uploaded to a photovoltaic detection data management system in real time; detecting and positioning defects of the photovoltaic module by adopting a target detection model according to the collected image data of the photovoltaic module; and comprehensively evaluating the performance, the quality and the safety of the photovoltaic module according to a test result, and generating an evaluation report. The limitation of the photovoltaic test is solved, and the efficiency and the accuracy of the photovoltaic test are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic testing method and system. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic device testing involves examining and evaluating the performance, quality, and safety of photovoltaic cells, modules, and systems under varying environmental conditions using a range of testing methods. Its purpose is to ensure the reliability, efficiency, and safety of photovoltaic products in practical applications, providing technical support and quality assurance for the development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0003] Traditional photovoltaic testing methods primarily include current-voltage characteristic testing, infrared thermal imaging, electroluminescence testing, photoluminescence testing, and manual inspections. Electrical testing techniques can only reflect macroscopic electrical performance and are difficult to detect microscopic defects in photovoltaic modules. Infrared thermal imaging, however, is significantly affected by ambient temperature and lighting conditions, making it difficult to detect small defects and unable to precisely locate them. Manual inspections rely on experience, are prone to missed detections and false positives, and are less likely to uncover potential issues within the modules.

[0004] Existing photovoltaic testing technology can only realize the detection of photovoltaic single properties. It is urgent to establish a photovoltaic testing system based on a data acquisition and control system, combined with multiple detection technologies, to achieve comprehensive testing of photovoltaic module performance, quality and safety, and improve the accuracy and reliability of detection; at the same time, it is necessary to establish a photovoltaic detection data management system and use big data technology to explore potential problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical issues existing in the aforementioned prior art, this application provides a photovoltaic testing method and system to comprehensively test the performance, quality, and safety of photovoltaic modules. By deploying a variety of sensors and testing equipment, various operating data of photovoltaic modules is collected, providing reliable data support for the testing process. At the same time, a variety of photovoltaic performance testing technologies and target detection technologies are introduced to improve test accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, by establishing a photovoltaic detection data management system, real-time monitoring of photovoltaic operation data is achieved, potential problems and hidden dangers in photovoltaic operation are promptly identified, and the safety of photovoltaic operation is improved.

[0006] This application provides a photovoltaic testing method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Establish a data acquisition and control system, deploy a variety of sensors and detection equipment, and collect real-time photovoltaic module operation data, environmental data, and image data;

[0008] (2) Establish a photovoltaic detection data management system to store and analyze the collected photovoltaic module related data and determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance;

[0009] (3) When the environmental data reaches the standard test conditions, the photovoltaic modules are tested for electrical performance, reliability and safety, and the test data are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time;

[0010] (4) Based on the collected PV module image data, the target detection model is used to detect and locate PV module defects;

[0011] (5) Based on the test results, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the performance, quality and safety of photovoltaic modules and generate an assessment report.

[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition and control system includes the following parts:

[0013] The data acquisition layer deploys electrical performance sensors to measure the output current and voltage of photovoltaic modules for electrical performance testing of photovoltaic modules; deploys environmental sensors to detect the environmental conditions around photovoltaic modules; deploys electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers and high-sensitivity industrial cameras to capture images of photovoltaic modules for quality inspection of the surface and interior of photovoltaic modules.

[0014] The data transmission layer builds data transmission links, connects sensors, detection equipment and photovoltaic detection data management systems; selects appropriate communication protocols to ensure the reliability and compatibility of data transmission.

[0015] The equipment control layer generates control instructions based on the data analysis results fed back by the photovoltaic detection data management system, adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic modules, and ensures the normal operation of the photovoltaic modules.

[0016] User interface layer: develops a user-friendly operation interface to facilitate operation and maintenance personnel to view data and perform system operations in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, the photovoltaic inspection data management system is built based on a time-series database and a relational database. The time-series database stores real-time operating data of photovoltaic modules, while the relational database stores non-time-series data, including module equipment information and inspection instrument information. The system employs a data classification storage strategy, categorizing different types of data for easier management and querying. Regular data backup is also performed to prevent data loss.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the data collected by the data acquisition and control system, the photovoltaic detection data management system realizes environmental data monitoring and fault diagnosis.

[0019] By monitoring the temperature, humidity and light intensity of photovoltaic modules, the impact of environmental factors on the performance of photovoltaic modules can be evaluated, and further judgment can be made as to whether the current environment meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance;

[0020] The photovoltaic detection data management system uses big data analysis algorithms and combines historical data to identify abnormal changes in the output current or voltage of photovoltaic modules, promptly discover potential failures of photovoltaic modules, and analyze the patterns and root causes of failures based on the statistical frequency of various failures, providing a basis for preventive measures.

[0021] Furthermore, when the environment reaches the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance, the electrical performance, reliability and safety of the photovoltaic modules are tested. The specific contents are as follows:

[0022] Electrical performance test: A solar simulator is used to provide standard lighting conditions, and an illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity to ensure that it meets the standard test conditions. A thermometer is used to record the ambient temperature in real time.

[0023] An IV tester is used to measure the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum output power of photovoltaic modules, and to plot the module's current-voltage characteristic curve. The measured electrical performance parameters are recorded and analyzed, and the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency is calculated. This data is then uploaded in real time to a photovoltaic test data management system for subsequent analysis and evaluation.

[0024] Reliability testing: Simulates the working conditions of photovoltaic modules in different temperature environments. The modules are placed in a high and low temperature test chamber and exposed to multiple cycles of high and low temperatures. The power attenuation rate and appearance changes of the modules are recorded to evaluate their performance stability under temperature changes.

[0025] Place the modules in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for a wet heat test to simulate a high temperature and high humidity environment, and detect the aging of the photovoltaic module surface and the corrosion of the cells under long-term humid conditions;

[0026] Mechanical load testing of photovoltaic modules uses a mechanical loading device to simulate the effects of wind pressure and snow accumulation on the modules, applying positive and negative mechanical loads to the modules to assess their mechanical strength and structural stability. The test data is collated and analyzed to determine whether the modules meet reliability requirements, and the test results are uploaded to the photovoltaic inspection data management system in real time.

[0027] Safety test: Use a megohmmeter to test the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules to measure the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules to ensure their electrical insulation performance under high voltage conditions and prevent leakage accidents;

[0028] Use a ground resistance tester to perform ground continuity tests to verify the module's grounding system is in good condition, ensuring that ground resistance meets requirements and safeguarding personal and equipment safety. Test data is uploaded to the PV inspection data management system in real time to comprehensively monitor and manage the safety of PV modules.

[0029] Furthermore, when testing the quality of photovoltaic modules, electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers, and industrial cameras are used to obtain different types of image data of photovoltaic modules from different angles. Deep learning methods are then applied to classify and locate defects, improving detection accuracy. The specific process of using the detector to record image data of photovoltaic modules during operation is as follows:

[0030] The electroluminescence tester is based on the electroluminescence principle of crystalline silicon. It applies a forward bias to the photovoltaic module, causing the electrons inside it to jump between the valence band and the conduction band, resulting in luminescence. The electroluminescence image is captured by a highly sensitive industrial camera.

[0031] The photoluminescence detector uses lasers of a specific wavelength to excite the silicon wafers in photovoltaic modules, causing the electrons in them to jump to an excited state and release near-infrared light. The light released in this process is captured by a highly sensitive camera and used to analyze the light intensity distribution.

[0032] The infrared imager uses an infrared detector and an optical imaging lens to receive the infrared radiation energy distribution pattern of the target photovoltaic module and reflect it to the infrared detector's photosensitive element to obtain an infrared image. By analyzing the thermal image, the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic module can be evaluated.

[0033] Furthermore, we collect image data of photovoltaic modules captured by detectors and cameras. The images captured by electroluminescence detectors clearly show defects within optical modules, while those by photoluminescence detectors provide information on module material quality. Thermal images captured by infrared imagers detect heat spots and other heat-related defects in modules, while visible light images captured by industrial cameras provide detailed information on the appearance of photovoltaic modules.

[0034] Furthermore, annotation tools are used to annotate the collected image data of different modalities. Cracks, hot spots, cold solder joints, and attenuation defects on the surface and inside of the photovoltaic modules are annotated, and the specific defect locations are outlined using bounding boxes.

[0035] Use image registration technology to align images of different modalities to ensure that they are spatially consistent; normalize images of different modalities to make their pixel value ranges consistent.

[0036] The image data and annotation files are organized into training sets, validation sets, and test sets to train the target detection model and save the parameters of the pre-trained model with the best performance. The target detection model is based on the YOLOv8 structure, and a feature selection module is applied at the front end of the model to fuse images of different modalities. This approach fully utilizes the advantages of image data of different modalities and improves the accuracy and robustness of defect detection.

[0037] The image data of the photovoltaic modules to be inspected is input into the pre-trained model, and the defect classification and positioning results are output.

[0038] This application also provides a photovoltaic testing system, comprising:

[0039] Data acquisition and control system, used to deploy a variety of sensors and detection equipment to collect real-time photovoltaic module operating data, environmental data and image data;

[0040] Photovoltaic test data management system, used to store and analyze the collected data related to photovoltaic modules, and determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance;

[0041] Photovoltaic module performance test system, used to test the electrical performance, reliability and safety of photovoltaic modules when the environmental data meets the standard test conditions, and upload the test data to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time;

[0042] Photovoltaic module quality inspection system, which is used to detect and locate photovoltaic module defects based on the collected photovoltaic module image data and the target detection model;

[0043] The data evaluation system is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance, quality and safety of photovoltaic modules based on the test results and generate an evaluation report.

[0044] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0045] The present invention provides a multifunctional photovoltaic testing method and system that enables comprehensive testing of the performance, quality, and safety of photovoltaic modules. By establishing a data acquisition and control system and deploying a variety of sensors and detection equipment to collect a variety of data from photovoltaic modules, accurate data support is provided for testing photovoltaic devices, ensuring data diversity. By establishing a photovoltaic detection data management system, data storage and real-time updates are achieved; the system utilizes big data technology to conduct detailed analysis of the collected photovoltaic module operating data, explore data distribution patterns, predict photovoltaic module fault information, and improve the management efficiency of photovoltaic test data and the fault warning capabilities of the photovoltaic test system. In addition, the photovoltaic detection data management system monitors the environmental data of the photovoltaic modules. When it determines that the environment meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance, the photovoltaic module performance test system applies a variety of testing technologies to complete the electrical performance, reliability, and safety testing of the photovoltaic modules. The present invention uses multiple testers to collect multimodal image data of photovoltaic modules, and further combines a deep learning-based target detection model to accurately identify and locate defects on the surface and inside of photovoltaic modules, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of photovoltaic module quality testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are briefly introduced below. Flowcharts are used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in precise order. Instead, various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously as needed. Furthermore, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from these processes.

[0047] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a photovoltaic testing method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic testing system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] In the following description, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not explicitly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of this application only.

[0052] Example 1: This application embodiment provides a photovoltaic testing method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0053] Step S10: Establish a data acquisition control system, deploy various sensors and detection equipment, and collect photovoltaic module operation data, environmental data, and image data in real time.

[0054] The data acquisition and control system includes the following parts:

[0055] The data acquisition layer deploys electrical performance sensors to measure the output current and voltage of photovoltaic modules for electrical performance testing of photovoltaic modules; deploys environmental sensors to detect the environmental conditions around photovoltaic modules; deploys electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers and high-sensitivity industrial cameras to capture images of photovoltaic modules for quality inspection of the surface and interior of photovoltaic modules.

[0056] In this embodiment, the electrical performance sensor includes a high-precision current sensor and a voltage sensor, which are installed at the output end of the photovoltaic module to ensure the accuracy and stability of the measurement signal;

[0057] Environmental sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and light sensors, which are placed around the photovoltaic modules to ensure comprehensive monitoring of environmental conditions;

[0058] The image data acquisition equipment is installed above the photovoltaic module to ensure sufficient light so that a complete image of the photovoltaic module can be captured.

[0059] Deploy data collectors to connect with sensors and image data acquisition devices, configure the sampling frequency and data format of each type of data, and ensure the continuity of data collection.

[0060] The data transmission layer builds data transmission links and connects various devices and systems; it selects appropriate communication protocols to ensure the reliability and compatibility of data transmission.

[0061] In this embodiment, the RS485 bus is used to connect the electrical performance sensor, environmental sensor, image data acquisition equipment and data collector, and the 5G network is used to connect the data collector to the photovoltaic detection data management system; the TCP / IP communication protocol is selected to upload and update data in real time.

[0062] The equipment control layer generates control instructions based on the data analysis results fed back by the photovoltaic detection data management system, adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic modules, and ensures the normal operation of the photovoltaic modules.

[0063] User interface layer: develops a user-friendly operation interface to facilitate operation and maintenance personnel to view data and perform system operations in real time.

[0064] Step S20: establishing a photovoltaic detection data management system to store and analyze the collected photovoltaic module related data to determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance.

[0065] The photovoltaic inspection data management system is built on a time-series database and a relational database. The time-series database stores real-time operating data from photovoltaic modules, while the relational database stores non-time-series data, including module equipment information and inspection instrument information. The system uses a data classification storage strategy, categorizing different types of data for easier management and querying. Regular data backup is also performed to prevent data loss.

[0066] In this embodiment, when the PV detection data management system receives data transmitted by the data collector, it first cleans, filters, and converts the raw data to remove noise and outliers, converting the data into a unified format for easy storage and analysis. Secondly, when storing the data, a database table structure is established, storing different types of data in different tables. Tables for PV module operation data, environmental data, and analysis results are created to facilitate data query and management.

[0067] Based on the data collected by the data acquisition and control system, the photovoltaic test data management system realizes environmental data monitoring and fault diagnosis. By monitoring the temperature, humidity and light intensity of the photovoltaic modules, it evaluates the impact of environmental factors on the performance of the photovoltaic modules and further determines whether the current environment meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic testing.

[0068] The photovoltaic detection data management system uses big data analysis algorithms and combines historical data to identify abnormal changes in the output current or voltage of photovoltaic modules, promptly discover potential failures of photovoltaic modules, and analyze the patterns and root causes of failures based on the statistical frequency of various failures, providing a basis for preventive measures.

[0069] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic detection data management system calculates the mean, standard deviation, and variance of the photovoltaic module current and voltage, and establishes a data model under normal operating conditions.

[0070] When the deviation between the real-time detection data and the normal model exceeds the set threshold, it is judged as abnormal. When the current or voltage abnormality is detected, the specific fault type is further identified in combination with historical data and fault mode characteristics: a sudden drop in current while the voltage remains basically unchanged may be that the photovoltaic module is partially blocked, and a sharp drop in current and voltage at the same time may be due to component damage or connection failure.

[0071] The photovoltaic detection data management system counts the frequency, occurrence time and duration of various types of faults. Through time series analysis methods, it observes the changes in the frequency of faults in different seasons and weather conditions, and finds out the seasonal patterns of faults: if a certain type of fault occurs frequently during the high temperature period in summer, it can be judged to be related to the high temperature environment, which may be caused by poor heat dissipation of components or overheating protection of the inverter.

[0072] In addition, combined with the working principle of the photovoltaic system, the root cause of the failure is deeply analyzed: for component damage failure, analyze whether it is related to component quality, installation process or long-term operation aging; for electrical connection failure, check whether the wiring is loose, the contact is poor, or the insulation is aging.

[0073] Based on the fault analysis results, warning information is issued in a timely manner, relevant operation and maintenance personnel are contacted for maintenance, and the operation strategy of the photovoltaic power station is further optimized.

[0074] Step S30: When the environmental data reaches the standard test conditions, the photovoltaic modules are tested for electrical performance, reliability and safety, and the test data are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time.

[0075] In this embodiment, when the environment reaches the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance, that is, when the temperature is 25°C and the light intensity is 1000W / m 2 , the electrical performance, reliability and safety of photovoltaic modules were tested under the environmental conditions of air quality of AM1.5. The specific contents are as follows:

[0076] Electrical performance test: A solar simulator is used to provide standard lighting conditions, and an illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity to ensure that it meets the standard test conditions. A thermometer is used to record the ambient temperature in real time. Under standard test conditions, an IV tester is used to measure the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and maximum output power of the photovoltaic module, and the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module is plotted. The measured electrical performance parameters are recorded and analyzed to calculate the photovoltaic module's photoelectric conversion efficiency:

[0077] The photoelectric conversion efficiency formula of photovoltaic modules is:

[0078]

[0079] Wherein, η represents the photoelectric conversion efficiency (%), P max Indicates the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module, A is the area of the photovoltaic module, P m is the incident light power. The calculated photoelectric conversion efficiency and electrical performance parameters are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time for subsequent analysis and evaluation.

[0080] Reliability test: Simulates the working conditions of photovoltaic modules in different temperature environments. The modules are placed in a high and low temperature test chamber and exposed to multiple cycles between different temperature ranges. The power attenuation rate and appearance changes of the modules are recorded to evaluate their performance stability under temperature changes.

[0081] In this example, a temperature cycle program was set for the test chamber, with the high temperature set at 85°C and the low temperature set at -40°C. The temperature was divided into multiple segments with 5°C intervals, each maintained for two hours. An initial temperature segment was set, followed by temperature transitions, and the number of cycles was set to 10.

[0082] During the stable period of each temperature range, a solar simulator was used to perform a light test on the photovoltaic modules. At the same time, an IV tester was used to measure the current-voltage characteristic curve, record the current, voltage, temperature and power data, and calculate the power attenuation rate of the photovoltaic modules in each test. The calculation formula for the power attenuation rate is:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, P 初始 is the initial maximum output power of the photovoltaic module, P 当前 = is the maximum output power during the current test. Plot a graph of the power attenuation rate versus the number of cycles to analyze the trend and pattern of power attenuation. If the power attenuation rate gradually increases after multiple cycles of exposure, it indicates that the photovoltaic module has a certain degree of performance degradation under temperature changes.

[0085] The changes in the appearance of photovoltaic modules intuitively reflect the changes in the physical properties of photovoltaic modules under temperature changes. Observe the color changes on the surface of the photovoltaic modules, whether there are cracks, bulges and depressions on the surface, and analyze the relationship between these appearance changes and temperature cycle exposure.

[0086] Place the modules in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for a wet heat test to simulate a high temperature and high humidity environment, and detect the aging of the photovoltaic module surface and the corrosion of the cells under long-term humid conditions;

[0087] When conducting a mechanical load test on a photovoltaic module, a mechanical loading device is used to simulate the effects of wind pressure and snow accumulation on the photovoltaic module. Positive and negative mechanical loads are applied to the module to evaluate its mechanical strength and structural stability. The specific steps of the test in this embodiment are as follows:

[0088] Install the photovoltaic modules on a fixed test platform;

[0089] Apply a uniformly distributed load gradually to the front surface of the photovoltaic module until it reaches 2400 Pa and maintain this load for 1 hour;

[0090] Turn the assembly over and apply the same load to the back for one hour;

[0091] Repeat the above steps three times, increasing the frontal load to 5400 Pa in the last cycle;

[0092] After the test, check the appearance, current-voltage characteristic curve and wet leakage performance of the component.

[0093] All the above test data are collated and analyzed to determine whether the components meet the reliability requirements, and the test results are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time.

[0094] Safety test: Use a megohmmeter to test the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules to measure the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules to ensure their electrical insulation performance under high voltage conditions and prevent leakage accidents;

[0095] Use a ground resistance tester to perform ground continuity tests to verify the module's grounding system is in good condition, ensuring that ground resistance meets requirements and safeguarding personal and equipment safety. Test data is uploaded to the PV inspection data management system in real time to comprehensively monitor and manage the safety of PV modules.

[0096] Step S40 : Detecting and locating photovoltaic module defects using a target detection model based on the collected photovoltaic module image data.

[0097] When testing the quality of photovoltaic modules, electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers, and industrial cameras are used to acquire image data of photovoltaic modules in different modes from different angles. Deep learning methods are then applied to classify and locate defects, improving detection accuracy. The specific process of using the detector to record image data of photovoltaic modules during operation is as follows:

[0098] The electroluminescence tester is based on the electroluminescence principle of crystalline silicon. It applies a forward bias to the photovoltaic module, causing the electrons inside it to jump between the valence band and the conduction band, resulting in luminescence. The electroluminescence image is captured by a highly sensitive industrial camera.

[0099] The photoluminescence detector uses lasers of a specific wavelength to excite the silicon wafers in photovoltaic modules, causing the electrons in them to jump to an excited state and release near-infrared light. The light released in this process is captured by a highly sensitive camera and used to analyze the light intensity distribution.

[0100] The infrared imager uses an infrared detector and an optical imaging lens to receive the infrared radiation energy distribution pattern of the target photovoltaic module and reflect it to the infrared detector's photosensitive element to obtain an infrared image. By analyzing the thermal image, the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic module can be evaluated.

[0101] In this example, image data of photovoltaic modules captured by detectors and cameras is collected. Images captured by electroluminescence detectors clearly reveal defects within optical modules, images captured by photoluminescence detectors provide information on module material quality, thermal images captured by infrared imagers detect heat spots and other heat-related defects, and visible light images captured by industrial cameras provide detailed information on the appearance of photovoltaic modules.

[0102] Use annotation tools to annotate image data. Mark cracks, hot spots, cold solder joints, and attenuation defects on and within PV panels, and use bounding boxes to outline the specific defect locations.

[0103] Use image registration technology to align images of different modalities to ensure that they are spatially consistent; normalize images of different modalities to make their pixel value ranges consistent.

[0104] The image data and annotation files are organized into training sets, validation sets, and test sets. The target detection model is trained and the parameters of the pre-trained model with the best performance are saved. The target detection model is based on the YOLOv8 structure, and a feature selection module is applied at the front end of the model to fuse images of different modalities. This approach fully utilizes the advantages of images of different modalities to improve the accuracy and robustness of defect detection.

[0105] The image data of the photovoltaic modules to be inspected is input into the pre-trained model, and the defect classification and positioning results are output.

[0106] Step S50: Based on the test results, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the performance, quality and safety of the photovoltaic modules, and an evaluation report is generated.

[0107] Embodiment 2: The embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic testing system, the detailed structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 Shown, including:

[0108] Data acquisition and control system, used to deploy a variety of sensors and detection equipment to collect real-time photovoltaic module operating data, environmental data and image data;

[0109] Photovoltaic test data management system, used to store and analyze the collected data related to photovoltaic modules, and determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance;

[0110] Photovoltaic module performance test system, used to test the electrical performance, reliability and safety of photovoltaic modules when the environmental data meets the standard test conditions, and upload the test data to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time;

[0111] Photovoltaic module quality inspection system, which is used to detect and locate photovoltaic module defects based on the collected photovoltaic module image data and the target detection model;

[0112] The data evaluation system is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance, quality and safety of photovoltaic modules based on the test results and generate an evaluation report.

[0113] Although the present application makes various references to certain modules in the system according to the embodiments of the present application, any number of different modules may be used and run on the user terminal and / or server, and the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0114] The above specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation to the scope of protection of this application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in this application can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiments and can still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic testing method, characterized in that: The method comprises: (1) Establish a data acquisition and control system, deploy a variety of sensors and detection equipment, and collect real-time photovoltaic module operation data, environmental data, and image data; (2) Establish a photovoltaic detection data management system to store and analyze the collected photovoltaic module related data and determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance; (3) When the environmental data reaches the standard test conditions, the photovoltaic modules are tested for electrical performance, reliability and safety, and the test data are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time; (4) Based on the collected PV module image data, the target detection model is used to detect and locate PV module defects; (5) Based on the test results, conduct a comprehensive assessment of the performance, quality and safety of photovoltaic modules and generate an assessment report.

2. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and control system includes the following parts: The data acquisition layer deploys electrical performance sensors to measure the output current and voltage of photovoltaic modules for electrical performance testing of photovoltaic modules; environmental sensors to detect the environmental conditions around photovoltaic modules; electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers, and high-sensitivity industrial cameras to capture images of photovoltaic modules for surface and internal quality inspection of photovoltaic modules; The data transmission layer builds data transmission links, connects sensors, detection equipment and photovoltaic detection data management systems, and configures relevant communication protocols; The equipment control layer generates control instructions and adjusts the operating parameters of the photovoltaic modules based on the data analysis results fed back by the photovoltaic detection data management system; User interface layer: develops a user-friendly operation interface to facilitate operation and maintenance personnel to view data and perform system operations in real time.

3. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic detection data management system is built based on a time-series database and a relational database; the time-series database is used to store the real-time operating data of photovoltaic modules, and the relational database is used to store non-time-series data, including equipment information and detection instrument information of photovoltaic modules; the system adopts a data classification storage strategy to classify and store different types of data for easy management and query, and regularly backs up the data to prevent data loss.

4. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the data collected by the data acquisition and control system, the photovoltaic detection data management system realizes environmental data monitoring and fault diagnosis; By monitoring the temperature, humidity and light intensity of photovoltaic modules, the impact of environmental factors on the performance of photovoltaic modules is evaluated, and further judgment is made on whether the current environment meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance; The photovoltaic detection data management system uses big data analysis algorithms and combines historical data to identify abnormal changes in the output current or voltage of photovoltaic modules, promptly discover potential failures of photovoltaic modules, and analyze the patterns and root causes of failures based on the statistical frequency of various failures, providing a basis for preventive measures.

5. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the environment reaches the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance, conduct electrical performance tests on the photovoltaic modules: A solar simulator is used to provide standard lighting conditions, and a illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity to ensure that it meets the standard test conditions. A thermometer is used to record the ambient temperature in real time. An IV tester is used to measure the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and maximum output power of the photovoltaic module, and the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module is plotted; the measured electrical performance parameters are recorded and analyzed, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is calculated, and the data is uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time for subsequent analysis and evaluation.

6. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the environment reaches the standard test conditions for PV module performance, perform reliability tests on PV modules: Simulate the working conditions of photovoltaic modules in different temperature environments, place the modules in high and low temperature test chambers, and perform multiple cycles of exposure between different temperature ranges. Record the power attenuation rate and appearance changes of the modules to evaluate their performance stability under temperature changes. Place the modules in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for a wet heat test to simulate a high temperature and high humidity environment, and detect the aging of the photovoltaic module surface and the corrosion of the cells under long-term humid conditions; When conducting mechanical load tests on photovoltaic modules, a mechanical loading device is used to simulate the effects of wind pressure and snow accumulation on the modules, applying positive and reverse mechanical loads to the modules to evaluate their mechanical strength and structural stability. The test data is collated and analyzed to determine whether the components meet the reliability requirements, and the test results are uploaded to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time.

7. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the environment reaches the standard test conditions for PV module performance, perform safety tests on PV modules: Use a megohmmeter to test the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules and measure the insulation resistance of photovoltaic modules; use a ground resistance tester to perform ground continuity test to detect whether the grounding system of the module is in good condition; upload the test data in real time to the photovoltaic detection data management system to comprehensively monitor and manage the safety of photovoltaic modules.

8. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When conducting quality inspection on photovoltaic modules, electroluminescence detectors, photoluminescence detectors, infrared imagers, and industrial cameras are used to obtain different types of image data of photovoltaic modules from different angles; Among them, the images collected by the electroluminescence detector clearly show the defects inside the optical components, the images collected by the photoluminescence detector provide information about the quality of the component materials, the thermal imaging images collected by the infrared imager detect the hot spots of the components, and the visible light images of the photovoltaic components taken by the industrial camera provide detailed appearance information.

9. A photovoltaic testing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Use annotation tools to annotate the collected image data of different modalities; annotate cracks, hot spots, cold solder joints, and attenuation defects on and inside the PV modules, and use bounding boxes to identify the specific defect locations; Use image registration technology to align images of different modalities to ensure that they are spatially consistent; normalize images of different modalities to make their pixel value ranges consistent; Organize image data and annotation files into training, validation, and test sets, train the object detection model, and save the best pre-trained model parameters. The object detection model is based on the YOLOv8 architecture, and a feature selection module is applied at the front end of the model to fuse images of different modalities. The image data of the photovoltaic modules to be inspected is input into the pre-trained model, and the defect classification and positioning results are output.

10. A photovoltaic testing system, characterized in that: The system is used to implement a photovoltaic testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the system comprises: Data acquisition and control system, used to deploy a variety of sensors and detection equipment to collect real-time photovoltaic module operating data, environmental data and image data; Photovoltaic test data management system, used to store and analyze the collected data related to photovoltaic modules, and determine whether the environmental data meets the standard test conditions for photovoltaic module performance; Photovoltaic module performance test system, used to test the electrical performance, reliability and safety of photovoltaic modules when the environmental data meets the standard test conditions, and upload the test data to the photovoltaic detection data management system in real time; Photovoltaic module quality inspection system, which is used to detect and locate photovoltaic module defects based on the collected photovoltaic module image data and the target detection model; The data evaluation system is used to comprehensively evaluate the performance, quality and safety of photovoltaic modules based on the test results and generate an evaluation report.

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