Image sensor

Abstract

An image sensor includes: a pixel group including a plurality of unit pixels, each of the plurality of unit pixels including: an infrared pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element (PD); and a non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, in which the non-infrared pixel is configured to sense visible light, in which the plurality of infrared pixels are arranged in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and in which the plurality of infrared pixels are arranged in the first direction and the second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The non-infrared pixels are disposed diagonally with respect to the infrared pixels in a third direction different from the first and second directions.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0018421 filed on February 6, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Background Art

[0003] The present inventive concept relates to an image sensor, and more particularly, to an image sensor including pixels in which an infrared filter and a color filter are arranged.

[0004] Image sensors, which convert captured images into electrical signals, are used not only in general consumer electronics such as digital cameras, mobile phone cameras, and camcorders, but also in cameras installed in cars, security equipment, and robots. Image sensors are devices that capture two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of objects.

[0005] An image sensor includes a pixel array, and each pixel included in the pixel array may include a photoelectric conversion element. The image sensor generates an image of a subject using a photoelectric conversion element that reacts according to the intensity of light reflected from the subject. Recently, technology has been developed for generating an image of a subject using an infrared filter, even in low light conditions or in the absence of light. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present inventive concept provides an image sensor capable of improving the quality of an image even under a weak light condition by regularly arranging an infrared filter and a color filter in each of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements of a pixel.

[0007] According to some aspects of the present inventive concept, there is provided an image sensor comprising: a pixel group including a plurality of unit pixels, each of the plurality of unit pixels comprising: an infrared pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element (PD); and a non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, wherein the non-infrared pixel is configured to sense visible light, wherein the plurality of infrared pixels are arranged in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and wherein the non-infrared pixel is diagonally disposed relative to the infrared pixel in a third direction different from the first and second directions.

[0008] According to some aspects of the present inventive concept, there is provided an image sensor comprising: a pixel group including four unit pixels arranged in a 2×2 matrix, each of the four unit pixels comprising: an infrared pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element (PD); a non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a light receiving area smaller than the first PD in a plan view, wherein the four unit pixels include: a first unit pixel; a second unit pixel directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a first direction; a third unit pixel directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a second direction; and a fourth unit pixel directly adjacent to the second unit pixel in the second direction, wherein the non-infrared pixel is diagonally arranged to the infrared pixel in a third direction different from the first and second directions, wherein the non-infrared pixel in the first unit pixel is configured to transmit a first color to the second PD in the first unit pixel, wherein the non-infrared pixel in the second unit pixel is configured to transmit a second color to the second PD in the second unit pixel, and wherein the second color is different from the first color.

[0009] In addition, according to some aspects of the present inventive concept, an image sensor is provided, including: a first subpixel group including four unit pixels arranged in a 2×2 matrix, each of the four unit pixels including: a first infrared pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element (PD); a first non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, wherein the four unit pixels include: a first unit pixel; a second unit pixel directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a first direction; a third unit pixel directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a second direction; and a fourth unit pixel directly adjacent to the second unit pixel in the first direction, wherein the first non-infrared pixel is diagonally arranged to the first infrared pixel in a third direction different from the first and second directions, and wherein the first non-infrared pixel among the first to fourth unit pixels is configured to transmit a first color to the second PDs of the first to fourth unit pixels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an image sensor according to some example embodiments;

[0012] Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a pixel according to some example embodiments;

[0013] Figure 3 is a diagram of a pixel array according to some example embodiments;

[0014] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the pixel array taken along direction II';

[0015] Figure 5A is a diagram of a pixel array having a Bayer pattern according to some example embodiments;

[0016] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A cross-sectional view of the pixel array taken along direction II';

[0017] Figure 5C is a diagram of a pixel array including a yellow filter and a cyan filter according to some example embodiments;

[0018] Figure 5D is a diagram of a pixel array including a white layer and a green filter according to some example embodiments;

[0019] Figure 5E is a diagram of a pixel array including a white layer and a blue filter according to some example embodiments;

[0020] Figure 6A is a diagram of a pixel array having a red-green-blue-white (RGBW) pattern according to some example embodiments;

[0021] Figure 6B is a diagram of a pixel array having a red-green-blue-yellow (RGBY) pattern according to some example embodiments;

[0022] Figure 7A is a diagram of a pixel array including pixel groups according to some example embodiments;

[0023] Figure 7B is a diagram of a pixel array including pixel groups according to some example embodiments;

[0024] Figure 8A is a diagram of a pixel group including 6×6 pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0025] Figure 8B is a diagram of a pixel group including 6×6 pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0026] Figure 9 is a diagram of a pixel group including 8×8 pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0027] Figure 10 is a diagram of a pixel array including infrared pixels and color pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0028] Figure 11A is a diagram of a pixel group including infrared pixels and color pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0029] Figure 11B is a diagram of a pixel group including infrared pixels and color pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0030] Figure 12A is a diagram of a pattern in which infrared pixels are arranged diagonally according to some example embodiments;

[0031] Figure 12B is a diagram of a pattern in which infrared pixels are arranged diagonally according to some example embodiments;

[0032] Figure 13A is a diagram illustrating that infrared pixels are included in a pixel group according to some example embodiments;

[0033] Figure 13B is a diagram of a pixel group including 4×4 pixels according to some example embodiments;

[0034] Figure 14A is a diagram of a pixel array including pixel groups according to some example embodiments;

[0035] Figure 14B is a diagram of a pixel array including a yellow filter according to some example embodiments;

[0036] Figure 14C is a diagram of a pixel array including a white layer according to some example embodiments;

[0037] Figure 15 is a diagram of a pixel array including subpixel groups according to some example embodiments; and

[0038] Figure 16 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to some example embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present inventive concept will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same constituent elements, and repeated description thereof is omitted.

[0040] Figure 1 is a block diagram of an image sensor 100 according to some example embodiments.

[0041] Image sensor 100 can be mounted on electronic devices having image or light sensing capabilities. For example, image sensor 100 can be mounted on electronic devices such as cameras, smartphones, wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, home appliances, personal computers (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, drones, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Furthermore, image sensor 100 can be mounted on electronic devices provided as components of vehicles, furniture, manufacturing equipment, doors, various measurement devices, and the like.

[0042] refer to Figure 1 The image sensor 100 may include a pixel array 110 , a row driver 120 , a readout circuit 130 , and a timing controller 140 , and the readout circuit 130 may include an analog-to-digital conversion circuit 131 (hereinafter referred to as an ADC circuit) and a data bus 132 .

[0043] The pixel array 110 may be connected to a plurality of row lines RL and a plurality of column lines CL and may include a plurality of pixels PX arranged in an array. The plurality of pixels PX may include an active pixel sensor (APS).

[0044] Each of the plurality of pixels PX may include at least one photoelectric conversion element. The pixel PX may detect light using the photoelectric conversion element and output an image signal, which is an electrical signal, based on the detected light. For example, the photoelectric conversion element may include a light sensing element including an organic or inorganic material, such as an inorganic photodiode, an organic photodiode, a perovskite photodiode, a phototransistor, a photogate, and a pinned photodiode. In some example embodiments, each of the plurality of pixels PX may include a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.

[0045] On the other hand, a microlens for condensation may be arranged on the upper portion of each of the plurality of pixels PX or on each of the pixel groups including adjacent pixels PX. Each of the plurality of pixels PX may detect light within a specific spectral range from the light received by the microlens. For example, the pixel array 110 may include red pixels that convert light within the red spectral range into electrical signals, green pixels that convert light within the green spectral range into electrical signals, and blue pixels that convert light within the blue spectral range into electrical signals. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the pixel array 110 may include pixels that convert light from spectral ranges other than red, green, and blue into electrical signals.

[0046] In some example embodiments, the plurality of pixels PX may have a multilayer structure. The pixel PX having the multilayer structure may include a plurality of stacked photoelectric conversion elements, and electrical signals corresponding to different colors may be generated from the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The plurality of photoelectric conversion elements convert light within different spectral ranges into electrical signals. In other words, electrical signals corresponding to a plurality of colors may be output by a single pixel PX.

[0047] A filter array for transmitting infrared light and visible light may be arranged on a plurality of pixels PX. The type of light that can be detected by a corresponding pixel may be determined by the type of filter arranged on each of the plurality of pixels. When an infrared filter for transmitting infrared light is arranged on a particular pixel, the corresponding pixel may detect infrared light and convert the infrared light into an electrical signal.

[0048] When a color filter that transmits light in the visible light region is disposed on a specific pixel, the corresponding pixel can detect light in the visible light region and convert the light in the visible light region into an electrical signal. The color that can be detected by the corresponding pixel can be determined based on the color filter disposed on the specific pixel. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and in some example embodiments, in the case of a specific photoelectric conversion element, light in a specific wavelength band can also be converted into an electrical signal based on the level of the electrical signal applied to the photoelectric conversion element.

[0049] In some example embodiments, each of the plurality of pixels PX may include at least two photodiodes configured to be exposed to a light source. For example, the pixel PX may include a first photoelectric conversion element having a relatively large light receiving area and a second photoelectric conversion element having a relatively small light receiving area. The first photoelectric conversion element may be referred to as a first photodiode (e.g., Figure 3 The first photodiode LPD in the embodiment of the present invention is referred to as the first photodiode LPD), and the second photoelectric conversion element can be referred to as a second photodiode (for example, Figure 3 The first photoelectric conversion element may be referred to as a large photodiode, and the second photoelectric conversion element may be referred to as a small photodiode. In this manner, a structure in which the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD are included in one pixel PX may be referred to as a split photodiode. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the above structure may be referred to by another name.

[0050] Because the first photodiode LPD has a large light receiving area, the first photodiode LPD can generate more charge than the second photodiode SPD under the same light receiving conditions. In other words, the first photodiode LPD can have a higher sensitivity than the second photodiode SPD. For example, the first photodiode LPD can generate a pixel signal PXS corresponding to low illumination, and the second photodiode SPD can generate a pixel signal PXS corresponding to high illumination. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the first photodiode LPD can generate a pixel signal PXS corresponding to both low illumination and high illumination, and the second photodiode SPD can generate a pixel signal PXS corresponding to both low illumination and high illumination. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, it is assumed that the pixel PX includes a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD.

[0051] In some example embodiments, each of the plurality of pixels PX may include an infrared filter and a color filter, the infrared filter being arranged on the first photoelectric conversion element and transmitting light in the infrared region to the first photoelectric conversion element, and the color filter being arranged on the second photoelectric conversion element and transmitting light in the visible light region to the second photoelectric conversion element. In other words, in each of the plurality of pixels PX, the infrared filter may be arranged on the first photodiode LPD, and the color filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD. The first photodiode LPD may detect light in the infrared region, and the second photodiode SPD may detect light in the visible light region. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited to this, and the color filter may be arranged on the first photodiode LPD, and the infrared filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD. The first photodiode LPD may detect light in the visible light region, and the second photodiode SPD may detect light in the infrared region.

[0052] The second photodiode SPD can detect light in a specific visible light region. In the second photodiode SPD, the color that can be detected by the second photodiode SPD can be determined based on the color of the color filter arranged on the second photodiode SPD. There may be various types of color filters arranged on the second photodiode SPD. For example, the color filter may include a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the color filter may include a color filter that transmits light in other spectral ranges in addition to red, green, and blue. For example, the color filter may include a color filter for sensing yellow, cyan, and magenta. Alternatively, the color filter may include a white layer that senses white.

[0053] Color filters of specific colors may be arranged in a specific pattern or a specific rule on the second photodiodes SPD included in the pixel array 110. For example, a pixel group may include first to fourth pixels, each pixel including a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD. Pixel groups may be repeatedly arranged in the pixel array 110. A first color filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD included in the first pixel, a second color filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD included in the second pixel, a third color filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD included in the third pixel, and a fourth color filter may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD included in the fourth pixel.

[0054] In some example embodiments, the colors of the first color filter, the second color filter, the third color filter, and the fourth color filter may be different. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter, the second color filter may include a green filter, the third color filter may include a blue filter, and the fourth color filter may include a white layer. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0055] In some example embodiments, among the colors of the first, second, third, and fourth color filters, the colors of the second and third color filters may be the same. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter, the second color filter may include a green filter, the third color filter may include a green filter, and the fourth color filter may include a blue filter. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and some example embodiments may vary such that the first color filter may include a red filter, the second color filter may include a yellow filter, the third color filter may include a yellow filter, and the fourth color filter may include a cyan filter.

[0056] In some example embodiments, the pixel array 110 may include pixel groups, and each of the pixel groups may include an infrared pixel and a color pixel. Each of the pixel groups may include at least one infrared pixel and at least one color pixel. The infrared pixels and the color pixels may be arranged in a specific pattern in the pixel array 110. For example, the infrared pixels and the color pixels may be alternately arranged in an array in the pixel array 110. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the infrared pixels and the color pixels may form a specific pattern and may be arranged in various ways. Because the infrared filter and the color filter are included in one pixel PX, the photoelectric conversion efficiency may be improved, the high dynamic range may be improved, and the quality of the image may be improved. Reference is made below to Figure 3 And hereinafter, a structure in which infrared pixels and color pixels are arranged is described.

[0057] Each of the infrared pixel and the color pixel may include a first photoelectric conversion element and a second photoelectric conversion element. The infrared pixel may include a first filter arranged on the first photoelectric conversion element of the infrared pixel and a second filter arranged on the second photoelectric conversion element of the infrared pixel. The first filter may include an infrared filter that absorbs light in the infrared region. The second filter may include a color filter that absorbs light in the visible region. The infrared pixel may refer to a pixel in which the infrared filter is arranged on the first photoelectric conversion element (first photodiode LPD).

[0058] A color pixel may include a third filter disposed on the first photoelectric conversion element of the color pixel and a fourth filter disposed on the second photoelectric conversion element of the color pixel. The third filter may include a color filter that absorbs light in the visible light range. The fourth filter may include a filter that absorbs light in the infrared range and the visible light range. The fourth filter may include one of a color filter and an infrared filter. A color pixel may refer to a pixel in which a color filter is disposed on the first photoelectric conversion element (first photodiode LPD). A color filter or an infrared filter may be disposed on the second photoelectric conversion element (second photodiode SPD) of the color pixel. In each of the plurality of pixels PX, charge generated by a photoelectric conversion element (such as a photodiode) may accumulate at a floating diffusion node, and the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion node may be converted to a voltage. In this case, the rate at which the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion node is converted to a voltage may be referred to as a conversion gain. The conversion gain may vary depending on the capacitance of the floating diffusion node.

[0059] When the capacitance of the floating diffusion node increases, the conversion gain may decrease, and when the capacitance of the floating diffusion node decreases, the conversion gain may increase. In some example embodiments, each of the plurality of pixels PX may operate with dual conversion gains. The dual conversion gains may include a low conversion gain LCG and a high conversion gain HCG. Because the high conversion gain HCG has a higher rate at which charge is converted into voltage, it may be applied to an operation of generating a pixel signal PXS corresponding to a lower illuminance than the low conversion gain LCG. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, an operating mode in which the pixel signal PXS is generated using the high conversion gain HCG may be referred to as a high conversion gain HCG mode, and an operating mode in which the pixel signal PXS is generated using the low conversion gain LCG may be referred to as a low conversion gain LCG mode. In some example embodiments, each of the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD may generate the pixel signal PXS in the above-described dual conversion gain mode.

[0060] In some example embodiments, the pixel signal PXS generated by the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD can be separated separately. For example, the first pixel signal can be generated by using the first photodiode LPD, and the first image data can be generated based on the first pixel signal. The second pixel signal can be generated by using the second photodiode SPD, and the second image data can be generated based on the second pixel signal. In some example embodiments, the image sensor 100 can be installed on an electronic device provided in a vehicle. The image sensor 100 can be used to generate an image of the interior of the vehicle. For example, the image sensor 100 can be used to generate an image of the driver and / or passengers in the vehicle. The electronic device provided in the vehicle can identify the driver based on the first image data generated by using the first photodiode LPD, and can identify the passenger based on the second image data generated by using the second photodiode SPD.

[0061] However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the pixel signals PXS generated by using the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD may be synthesized into one image, and the synthesized image may have a high dynamic range. For example, an electronic device provided in a vehicle may recognize a driver and a passenger based on one image data generated by using the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD.

[0062] The row driver 120 can drive the pixel array 110 in units of rows. The row driver 120 can decode a row control signal (e.g., an address signal) received from the timing controller 140 and, in response to the decoded row control signal, select at least one of the row lines constituting the pixel array 110. For example, the row driver 120 can generate a select signal for selecting one of a plurality of rows. In addition, the pixel array 110 can output a pixel signal PXS from a row selected by the select signal provided by the row driver 120. The row driver 120 can transmit a control signal for outputting the pixel signal PXS to the pixel array 110, and the pixel PX can output the pixel signal PXS by operating in response to the control signal. For example, the row driver 120 can generate a control signal for controlling the pixel PX to output the pixel signal PXS during a readout period and provide the generated control signal to the pixel array 110.

[0063] The readout circuit 130 can read out pixel signals PXS from pixels PX on a row selected by the row driver 120, among the plurality of pixels PX. In this case, the pixel signals PXS may include a reset signal or an image signal (or a sensing signal). The readout circuit 130 can generate and output pixel values pdf corresponding to the plurality of pixels PX in units of rows by converting the reset signal and image signal received from the pixel array 110 via the plurality of column lines CL into digital data based on a ramp signal from a ramp signal generator. The image data may include the pixel values pdf.

[0064] The ADC circuit 131 may include a plurality of ADCs corresponding to the plurality of column lines CL, and each of the plurality of ADCs may compare each of the reset signal and the image signal received via the corresponding column line CL with the ramp signal and generate a pixel value PDF based on the comparison result. For example, the ADC may remove the reset signal from the image signal and generate a pixel value PDF indicating the amount of light sensed by the pixel PX.

[0065] The plurality of pixel values pdf generated by the ADC circuit 131 may be output as image data via the data bus 132. For example, the image data may be provided to an image signal processor inside or outside the image sensor 100.

[0066] The data bus 132 may output the pixel value PDF after temporarily storing the pixel value PDF output by the ADC circuit 131. The data bus 132 may include a plurality of column memories and a column decoder. The plurality of pixel values PDF respectively stored in the plurality of column memories may be output as image data under the control of the column decoder.

[0067] The ADC circuit 131 may include multiple correlated double sampling (CDS) circuits (not shown) and multiple counter circuits (not shown). The ADC circuit 310 may convert pixel signals PXS input from the pixel array 110 into pixel values pdf, which are digital signals. Each pixel signal PXS received via each of the plurality of column lines CL may be converted into a pixel value pdf, which is a digital signal, by the CDS circuit and the counter circuit.

[0068] The CDS circuit can compare the pixel signal PXS received via the column line CL with the ramp signal and output a comparison result. When the level of the ramp signal is the same as the level of the pixel signal, the CDS circuit can output a comparison signal that transitions from a first level (e.g., logic high) to a second level (e.g., logic low). The time point at which the level of the comparison signal transitions can be determined based on the level of the pixel signal PXS.

[0069] The CDS circuit may sample and hold a pixel signal PXS provided by a pixel PX according to a CDS method, double-sample a level of specific noise (e.g., a reset signal) and a level according to an image signal, and generate a comparison signal based on a level corresponding to a difference between the levels.

[0070] In some example embodiments, the CDS circuit may include one or more comparators. The comparators may be implemented as, for example, operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) (or differential amplifiers).

[0071] According to some example embodiments, the image sensor 100 may include a signal processor. The signal processor may perform noise reduction processing, gain adjustment processing, waveform shaping processing, interpolation processing, white balance processing, gamma processing, edge emphasis processing, binding processing, etc. on the image data. In some example embodiments, the signal processor may be provided in a processor external to the image sensor 100.

[0072] Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a pixel PX according to some example embodiments. Figure 1 Repeated description given.

[0073] Hereinafter, the first photoelectric conversion element may be referred to as a first photodiode LPD, and the second photoelectric conversion element may be referred to as a second photodiode SPD. Pixel PX may include multiple photodiodes, for example, a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD. Pixel PX may also include a first transfer gate LTG, a second transfer gate STG, a reset transistor RG, a drive transistor DX, a select transistor SX, a gain control transistor DRG, and a switch transistor SW. The reset transistor RG, the gain control transistor DRG, the drive transistor DX, and the select transistor SX may be provided on a separate chip from the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD. Pixel PX may also include multiple floating diffusion regions, for example, first to third floating diffusion regions FD1 to FD3. Pixel PX may also include a capacitor C1.

[0074] The first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD can generate positive photocharges corresponding to the intensity of the incident light. For example, the photocharges may include electrons and holes. The first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD can have different sensitivities. For example, the sensitivity of the first photodiode LPD can be higher than that of the second photodiode SPD.

[0075] A first source / drain of the first transfer gate LTG may be connected to the first photodiode LPD, and a second source / drain of the first transfer gate LTG may be connected to the first floating diffusion region FD1. The first transfer gate LTG may transfer photocharges generated by the first photodiode LPD to the first floating diffusion region FD1 in response to a first transfer control signal LTS.

[0076] The first source / drain of the gain control transistor DRG can be connected to the first floating diffusion region FD1, and the second source / drain of the gain control transistor DRG can be connected to the second floating diffusion region FD2. The gain control transistor DRG can be turned on or off according to the conversion gain signal CGS. When the gain control transistor DRG is turned on, the first floating diffusion region FD1 and the second floating diffusion region FD2 can be connected to each other. When the first floating diffusion region FD1 and the second floating diffusion region FD2 are connected to each other, the capacitance can increase. When the capacitance increases, the conversion gain can decrease. Conversely, when the gain control transistor DRG is turned off, the first floating diffusion region FD1 and the second floating diffusion region FD2 can be separated from each other, the capacitance can decrease, and thus, the conversion gain can increase. In this case, the conversion gain can refer to the rate at which the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion region is converted to voltage, and as the capacitance increases, the conversion gain can decrease.

[0077] The first source / drain of the second transfer gate STG may be connected to the second photodiode SPD, and the second source / drain of the second transfer gate STG may be connected to the third floating diffusion region FD3. The second transfer gate STG may transfer the photocharges generated by the second photodiode SPD to the third floating diffusion region FD3 in response to the second transfer control signal STS.

[0078] A first electrode of the capacitor C1 may be connected to the third floating diffusion region FD3, and a second electrode of the capacitor C1 may be connected to the pixel voltage VPIX. In some example embodiments, a voltage other than the pixel voltage VPIX may be applied to the second electrode of the capacitor C1. Photocharges generated by and overflowing from the second photodiode SPD may be accumulated in the capacitor C1.

[0079] The first source / drain of the switching transistor SW may be connected to the second floating diffusion region FD2, and the second source / drain of the switching transistor SW may be connected to the third floating diffusion region FD3. The switching transistor SW may connect the second floating diffusion region FD2 to the third floating diffusion region FD3 in response to a switching control signal SWS.

[0080] A reset voltage (e.g., pixel voltage VPIX) may be applied to a first source / drain of reset transistor RG, and a second source / drain of reset transistor RG may be connected to second floating diffusion region FD2. Reset transistor RG may reset photocharge accumulated in at least one of first to third floating diffusion regions FD1 to FD3 in response to a reset control signal RS. In some example embodiments, the reset voltage may be different from pixel voltage VPIX.

[0081] A first source / drain of the drive transistor DX may be connected to the select transistor SX, and a drive voltage (e.g., pixel voltage VPIX) may be applied to a second source / drain of the drive transistor DX. The drive transistor DX may operate as a source follower based on a bias current IL generated by a current source CS connected to a column line CL. The drive transistor DX may output a voltage corresponding to the amount of photocharge accumulated in at least one of the first to third floating diffusion regions FD1 to FD3.

[0082] A first source / drain of the selection transistor SX may be connected to the drive transistor DX, and a second source / drain of the selection transistor SX may be connected to the column line CL. The selection transistor SX may output a pixel signal PXS including a reset signal or an image signal to the column line CL in response to a selection signal SEL.

[0083] In some example embodiments, the pixel PX may include an infrared pixel. A first filter may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD, and a second filter may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD. The first filter may include an infrared filter that absorbs light in the infrared region. The second filter may include a color filter that absorbs light in the visible light region. In some example embodiments, the pixel array (e.g., Figure 1 The plurality of pixels PX included in the pixel array 110 in FIG. 1 may include infrared pixels.

[0084] In some example embodiments, the pixel PX may include a color pixel. A third filter may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD, and a fourth filter may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD. The third filter may include a color filter. The fourth filter may include one of a color filter and an infrared filter. In some example embodiments, the pixel array may include infrared pixels and color pixels, and the infrared pixels and color pixels may be arranged in a specific pattern.

[0085] Figure 3 is a diagram of a pixel array 110 according to some example embodiments. Figure 31 shows an implementation example of a pixel array corresponding to an infrared (IR) filter IF and a color filter CF according to some example embodiments. Figure 3 The pixel array 110 corresponds to Figure 1 The pixel array 110 in FIG. 1 is omitted for brevity.

[0086] refer to Figure 3 , the pixel array 110 may include a plurality of pixels PX. The pixel array 110 may include a plurality of pixels PX arranged along a first direction and a second direction. For example, the first direction may include an X-axis direction, and the second direction may include a Y-axis direction. Each of the plurality of pixels PX may include a plurality of photodiodes. The pixel PX may include a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD. For example, a pixel signal (e.g., Figure 1 The pixel signal PXS in the image can be output to a readout circuit (e.g., Figure 1 The readout circuit 130 in FIG. Figure 3 , the first photodiode LPD is shown as an octagon, and the second photodiode SPD is shown as a square. However, this is for ease of drawing and corresponds to an example, and the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD may have various shapes.

[0087] The pixel array 110 may also include filters so that the pixel PX can sense light in the IR range and light in the visible range. As an example, the first photodiode LPD can sense light in the IR range, and the second photodiode SPD can sense light in the visible range. The pixel PX may include an IR pixel, an IR filter IF may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD, and a color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD. For example, the IR filter IF may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD in a third direction. For example, the third direction may be the Z-axis direction. The color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD in the third direction. The color filter CF may transmit various colors to the second photodiode SPD.

[0088] The color filters CF of the pixel array 110 can sense various colors and can be arranged to form various patterns. The color filters CF can be configured according to the image sensor (e.g., Figure 1 The uses and characteristics of the image sensor 100) are arranged in various ways.

[0089] In some example embodiments, the pixel array 110 may include a pixel group including a first pixel PX1, a second pixel PX2, a third pixel PX3, and a fourth pixel PX4, and the colors of the color filters CF included in the first pixel PX1, the second pixel PX2, the third pixel PX3, and the fourth pixel PX4 may be different from each other. The first pixel PX1 may include a first color filter CF, the second pixel PX2 may include a second color filter CF, the third pixel PX3 may include a third color filter CF, and the fourth pixel PX4 may include a fourth color filter CF. The colors of the first color filter CF, the second color filter CF, the third color filter CF, and the fourth color filter CF may be different from each other.

[0090] In some example embodiments, the colors of the color filters CF included in the second pixel PX2 and the third pixel PX3 may be the same. The second pixel PX2 may be arranged adjacent to the first pixel PX1 or spaced apart from the first pixel PX1 in a first direction, the third pixel PX3 may be arranged adjacent to the first pixel PX1 or spaced apart from the first pixel PX1 in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the fourth pixel PX4 may be arranged adjacent to the third pixel PX3 or spaced apart from the third pixel PX3 in the first direction. The second color filter CF of the second pixel PX2 and the third color filter CF of the third pixel PX3 may have the same color.

[0091] The pixel array 110 may include a plurality of pixel groups including 2n (n is a positive integer of 2 or greater)×2n pixels PX, and each of the plurality of pixel groups may include first to fourth subpixel groups, each including n×n pixels PX. The color filters CF of the pixels PX included in a subpixel group may be the same color. In some example embodiments, the pixels PX included in the first subpixel group may include a first color filter CF, the pixels PX included in the second subpixel group may include a second color filter CF, the pixels PX included in the third subpixel group may include a third color filter CF, and the pixels PX included in the fourth subpixel group may include a fourth color filter CF. The colors of the first, second, third, and fourth color filters CF may be different from each other. In some example embodiments, the colors of the first, second, and fourth color filters CF may be different from each other, and the colors of the second and third color filters CF may be the same.

[0092] The pixel array 110 may further include micro lenses for focusing the pixels PX. For example, a first micro lens ML1 may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD, and a second micro lens ML2 may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD. Figure 4 The first microlens ML1 and the second microlens ML2 are described in detail.

[0093] although Figure 3 The pixel array 110 is shown to include 16 pixels PX, but the illustration is for ease of description, and the pixel array 110 may include more than 16 pixels PX. Figure 3 It is illustrated that all pixels PX included in the pixel array 110 are infrared pixels, but example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the pixel array 110 may also include both infrared pixels and color pixels.

[0094] In the image sensor 100 of the present invention, by disposing an infrared filter above the first photodiode LPD having a large light-receiving area, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the infrared filter and the color filter are included in one pixel, the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved while increasing the high dynamic range and improving the quality of the image.

[0095] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 1 is a cross-sectional view of the pixel array 110 taken along the direction II′. The repeated description given above is omitted.

[0096] refer to Figure 4 , shows a cross-sectional view in which an infrared filter IF and a color filter CF are arranged above a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD, respectively. The plurality of pixels included in the pixel array of the present invention may have a deep trench isolation (DTI) structure. For example, the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD may be completely isolated by at least one isolation layer 402, 404, 406, 408 that contacts both the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate (the upper surface of the substrate is opposite to the lower surface), or they may be partially isolated by at least one isolation layer that contacts only the lower surface of the substrate (not contacting the upper surface of the substrate). Similarly, adjacent pixels may also be completely isolated by at least one isolation layer 401, 403, 405, 407 that contacts both the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, or may be partially isolated by at least one isolation layer that contacts only the lower portion (not contacting the upper surface of the substrate). In addition, referring to Figure 4 , shows a cross-sectional view in which the first microlens ML1 is arranged on the infrared filter IF, and the second microlens ML2 is arranged on the color filter CF.

[0097] The first microlens ML1 may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD. The infrared filter IF may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD, and the first microlens ML1 may be arranged on the infrared filter IF. The second microlens ML2 may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD. The color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD, and the second microlens ML2 may be arranged above the color filter CF.

[0098] The highest points of the first microlens ML1 and the second microlens ML2 in the direction from the first photodiode LPD toward the infrared filter IF may be different. The highest point of the first microlens ML1 may be different from the highest point of the second microlens ML2. The direction from the first photodiode LPD toward the infrared filter IF may be a third direction. For example, the direction from the infrared filter IF toward the first microlens ML1, the direction from the second photodiode SPD toward the color filter CF, and the direction from the color filter CF toward the second microlens ML2 may be the same as the third direction. The third direction may be perpendicular to the first direction. For example, the first direction may be the X-axis direction, and the third direction may be the Z-axis direction.

[0099] The highest point of the microlens ML may refer to the position of the point where the microlens ML has the maximum height in the Z-axis direction. The highest point of the first microlens ML1 may be a first highest point hp1, and the height of the first highest point hp1 may be a first height h1. The highest point of the second microlens ML2 may be a second highest point hp2, and the height of the second highest point hp2 may be a second height h2. The first height h1 may be different from the second height h2.

[0100] The highest point of the first microlens ML1 can be higher than the highest point of the second microlens ML2. For example, the first height h1 of the first highest point hp1 can be higher than the second height h2 of the second highest point hp2. Because the highest point of the first microlens ML1, which is arranged above the first photodiode LPD, is higher, the focusing ability of the first photodiode LPD can be improved, thereby enhancing image quality and reliability.

[0101] Figure 5A is a diagram of a pixel array 110 having a Bayer pattern according to some example embodiments. Figure 5A It is shown that the pixel array 110 includes 64 pixels PX, but example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the pixel array 110 may include more than or less than 64 pixels PX. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0102] refer to Figure 5A, the pixel group PG may include 2×2 pixels PX, and the pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction) in the pixel array 110 . Figure 5A A pixel array 110 having a Bayer pattern is shown. Each pixel PX of a pixel group PG may be referred to as a unit pixel.

[0103] The pixels PX included in the pixel group PG may include infrared pixels, whose first photodiodes LPD may detect light in the infrared region, and whose second photodiodes SPD may detect light in the visible region. For example, a unit pixel may include an infrared pixel including a first photodiode LPD and a non-infrared pixel including a second photodiode having a smaller light-receiving area than the first photodiode in plan view. A color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of each pixel PX, and the color filter CF of each pixel PX may form a Bayer pattern.

[0104] The pixel group PG may include a first pixel PX1, a second pixel PX2, a third pixel PX3, and a fourth pixel PX4. The first pixel PX1 and the second pixel PX2 may be arranged side by side in a first direction. The first pixel PX1 and the third pixel PX3 may be arranged side by side in a second direction. The third pixel PX3 and the fourth pixel PX4 may be arranged side by side in the first direction. The first pixel PX1 may include a first color filter, the second pixel PX2 may include a second color filter, the third pixel PX3 may include a third color filter, and the fourth pixel PX4 may include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the second color filter and the third color filter may have the same color. The colors of the first color filter, the second color filter, and the fourth color filter may be different from each other.

[0105] For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a green filter G, and the fourth color filter may include a blue filter B. In a 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the blue filter B may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the green filter G may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction. In the pixel array 110, a first row in which the red filter R and the green filter G are alternately arranged in a first direction and a second row in which the green filter G and the blue filter B are alternately arranged in the first direction may be repeatedly arranged.

[0106] In addition to reference Figure 5AIn addition to the Bayer pattern described, various arrangements of color filters are possible. The color filters of the pixels PX can be arranged in various ways according to the purpose and characteristics of the image sensor 100.

[0107] Figure 5B yes Figure 5A A cross-sectional view of the pixel array 110 taken along the direction II' is shown in FIG. Figure 5A The microlenses are omitted in Figure 5B The microlens ML is shown in FIG. Figure 5B A first pixel PX1 and a fourth pixel PX4 are shown. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0108] refer to Figure 5B , shows a cross-sectional view in which an infrared filter IF and a color filter CF are arranged above a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD, respectively. The multiple pixels included in the pixel array of the present invention may have a deep trench isolation (DTI) structure. For example, the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD may be completely isolated by at least one isolation layer 502, 504 contacting both the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate (the upper surface of the substrate is opposite to the lower surface), or they may be partially isolated by at least one isolation layer contacting only the lower surface of the substrate (not contacting the upper surface of the substrate). Similarly, adjacent pixels may also be completely isolated by at least one isolation layer 501, 503, 505 contacting both the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, or partially isolated by at least one isolation layer contacting only the lower surface (not contacting the upper surface of the substrate). Furthermore, a first microlens ML1 is arranged above the infrared filter IF, and a second microlens ML2 is arranged above the color filter CF.

[0109] An infrared filter IF may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD, and a first microlens ML1 may be disposed on the infrared filter IF. A color filter CF may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD, and a second microlens ML2 may be disposed on the color filter CF. In the first pixel PX1, the infrared filter IF may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD, and a red filter R may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD. In the fourth pixel PX4, the infrared filter IF may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD, and a blue filter B may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD.

[0110] Figure 5C is a diagram of a pixel array 110 including a yellow filter Y and a cyan filter Cy according to some example embodiments. Reference is omitted. Figure 5A Repeated description given.

[0111] refer to Figure 5C , the pixel group PG may include a first pixel PX1, a second pixel PX2, a third pixel PX3, and a fourth pixel PX4. The first pixel PX1 may include a first color filter, the second pixel PX2 may include a second color filter, the third pixel PX3 may include a third color filter, and the fourth pixel PX4 may include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter and the third color filter may be the same. The colors of the first color filter, the second color filter, and the fourth color filter may be different from each other.

[0112] For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a yellow filter Y, the third color filter may include a yellow filter Y, and the fourth color filter may include a cyan filter Cy. In the 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the cyan filter Cy may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the yellow filter Y may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction.

[0113] Figure 5D is a diagram of a pixel array 110 including a white layer W and a green filter G according to some example embodiments. Reference is omitted. Figure 5A Repeated description given.

[0114] refer to Figure 5D , the pixel group PG may include a first pixel PX1, a second pixel PX2, a third pixel PX3, and a fourth pixel PX4. In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter and the third color filter may be the same. The colors of the first color filter, the second color filter, and the fourth color filter may be different from each other. In some example embodiments, at least some of the first to fourth color filters may be replaced with a white layer that transmits light of all spectra.

[0115] For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a white layer W, the third color filter may include a white layer W, and the fourth color filter may include a green filter G. In the 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the green filter G may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the white layer W may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction.

[0116] As another example, refer to Figure 5A and Figure 5D , a layer that can transmit all light of RGB can be placed (instead of the green filter) Figure 5A The green filter is located in the middle. In this specification, a layer that transmits light of all spectra (including red, green, and blue) is called a white layer. And a pixel having this layer is called a white pixel.

[0117] Figure 5E is a diagram of a pixel array 110 including a white layer W and a blue filter B according to some example embodiments. Figure 5D compared to, Figure 5D The fourth color filter in may include a green filter G, and Figure 5E The fourth color filter in may include a blue filter B. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0118] refer to Figure 5E , the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a white layer W, the third color filter may include a white layer W, and the fourth color filter may include a blue filter B. In the 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the blue filter B may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the white layer W may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction.

[0119] Figure 6A is a diagram of a pixel array 110 having a red-green-blue-white (RGBW) pattern according to some example embodiments. Figure 6A It is shown that the pixel array 110 includes 64 pixels PX, but example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the pixel array 110 may include more than or less than 64 pixels PX. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0120] refer to Figure 6A Pixel group PG may include 2×2 pixels PX, and pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction) in pixel array 110. Pixel group PG may include a first pixel PX1, a second pixel PX2, a third pixel PX3, and a fourth pixel PX4. Each pixel PX in pixel group PG may be referred to as a unit pixel. For example, a unit pixel may include an infrared pixel including a first photodiode LPD and a non-infrared pixel including a second photodiode LPD having a smaller light-receiving area than the first photodiode in plan view. First pixel PX1 may include a first color filter, second pixel PX2 may include a second color filter, third pixel PX3 may include a third color filter, and fourth pixel PX4 may include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the colors of the first, second, third, and fourth color filters may be different from each other.

[0121] For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a blue filter B, and the fourth color filter may include a white layer W. In the 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the white layer W may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the green filter G and the blue filter B may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction.

[0122] In the pixel array 110, a first row in which red filters R and green filters G are alternately arranged in the first direction and a second row in which blue filters B and white filters W are alternately arranged in the first direction may be repeatedly arranged. The arrangement method of the color filters may include the following steps except for the reference Figure 6A Arrangement methods of various color filters other than the described color filters.

[0123] Figure 6B is a diagram of a pixel array 110 having a red-green-blue-yellow (RGBY) pattern according to some example embodiments. Figure 6A compared to, Figure 6A The fourth color filter in may include a white layer W, and Figure 6B The fourth color filter in may include a yellow filter Y. The repeated description given above is omitted.

[0124] refer to Figure 6B , the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a blue filter B, and the fourth color filter may include a yellow filter Y. In the 2×2 array type pixel group PG, the red filter R and the yellow filter Y may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, and the green filter G and the blue filter B may be respectively arranged on the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction.

[0125] Figure 7A is a diagram of a pixel array 110 including pixel groups according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0126] refer to Figure 7A, the pixel array 110 may include a plurality of pixel groups PG, each pixel group PG including 2n×2n (n is a positive integer of 2 or greater) pixels PX. Each of the plurality of pixel groups PG may include a sub-pixel group SPG. The sub-pixel group SPG may include at least two or more pixels PX. For example, the pixel group PG may include four sub-pixel groups SPG. The pixel group PG may include a first sub-pixel group SPG1, a second sub-pixel group SPG2, a third sub-pixel group SPG3, and a fourth sub-pixel group SPG4. Each sub-pixel group SPG may include n×n pixels PX. Each pixel PX of the sub-pixel group SPG may be referred to as a unit pixel. For example, the unit pixel may include an infrared pixel and a non-infrared pixel, the infrared pixel including a first photodiode LPD, and the non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view.

[0127] The color filters CF of the pixels PX included in one sub-pixel group SPG may have the same color. For example, the sub-pixel group SPG may include n×n pixels PX, and the color filter CF may be arranged in the second photodiode SPD of each of the n×n pixels PX. The color filters CF included in the sub-pixel group SPG may be the same. For example, the n×n color filters CF included in the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a first color filter. The n×n color filters CF included in the second sub-pixel group SPG2 may include a second color filter. The n×n color filters CF included in the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may include a third color filter. The n×n color filters CF included in the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a fourth color filter.

[0128] In some example embodiments, the pixel group PG may include 4×4 pixels PX, and the pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction) in the pixel array 110. The pixel group PG may be divided into four sub-pixel groups SPG, and each sub-pixel group SPG may include 2×2 pixels PX.

[0129] Subpixel groups SPG may be categorized based on the positions of pixels PX within pixel group PG. The four pixels PX at the upper left corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a first subpixel group SPG1, the four pixels PX at the upper right corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a second subpixel group SPG2, the four pixels PX at the lower left corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a third subpixel group SPG3, and the four pixels PX at the lower right corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a fourth subpixel group SPG4. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and for example, pixels PX in the first row (or first column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the first subpixel group SPG1, pixels PX in the second row (or second column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the second subpixel group SPG2, pixels PX in the third row (or third column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the third subpixel group SPG3, and pixels PX in the fourth row (or fourth column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the fourth subpixel group SPG4.

[0130] Each of the four pixels PX included in the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include an infrared filter IF disposed above the first photodiode LPD and a first color filter disposed above the second photodiode SPD. Similar to the first sub-pixel group SPG1, the second sub-pixel group SPG2 may include a second color filter, the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may include a third color filter, and the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a fourth color filter.

[0131] In some example embodiments, the second color filter of the second subpixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third subpixel group SPG3 may have the same color. For example, a red filter R may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the first subpixel group SPG1, a blue filter B may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the fourth subpixel group SPG4, and a green filter G may be arranged above the eight second photodiodes SPD of the second subpixel group SPG2 and the third subpixel group SPG3. The color filters CF of the pixel groups PG may form a tetra pattern.

[0132] However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 7A In addition to the Bayer pattern described above, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible. For example, a red filter R may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, a cyan filter Cy may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4, and a yellow filter Y may be arranged above the second photodiodes SPD of the second and third sub-pixel groups SPG2 and SPG3.

[0133] As another example, the red filter R may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, the green filter G may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4, and the white layer W may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third sub-pixel group SPG3. As another example, the red filter R may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, the blue filter B may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4, and the white layer W may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third sub-pixel group SPG3.

[0134] Figure 7B is a diagram of a pixel array 110 including a pixel group PG according to some example embodiments. Reference is omitted. Figure 7A Repeated description given.

[0135] In some example embodiments, the colors of the first color filter of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second color filter of the second subpixel group SPG2, the third color filter of the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth color filter of the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may be different from each other. For example, four red filters R may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the first subpixel group SPG1, four green filters G may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the second subpixel group SPG2, four blue filters B may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the third subpixel group SPG3, and four white filters W may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the fourth subpixel group SPG4.

[0136] However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 7B In addition to the described pattern, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible. For example, four red filters R may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, four green filters G may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the second sub-pixel group SPG2, four blue filters B may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the third sub-pixel group SPG3, and four yellow filters Y may be arranged above the four second photodiodes SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4.

[0137] Figure 8A is a diagram of a pixel group PG including 6×6 pixels according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0138] refer to Figure 8A , the pixel group PG may include 6×6 pixels PX, and the pixel group PG may be in a pixel array (eg, Figure 1 In the pixel array 110 , the pixels are repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction). A pixel group PG can be divided into four sub-pixel groups SPG, and each sub-pixel group SPG can include 3×3 pixels PX. Each pixel PX in a sub-pixel group SPG can be referred to as a unit pixel. For example, a unit pixel can include an infrared pixel including a first photodiode LPD and a non-infrared pixel including a second photodiode (PD) having a smaller light-receiving area than the first photodiode (LPD) in plan view.

[0139] In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may be the same. For example, nine red filters R may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, nine blue filters B may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4, and eighteen green filters G may be arranged above the eighteen second photodiodes SPD of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third sub-pixel group SPG3. For example, the color filters CF of the pixel group PG may form a nine (nona) pattern. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 8A In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0140] Figure 8B is a diagram of a pixel group PG including 6×6 pixels PX according to some example embodiments. Reference is omitted. Figure 8A Repeated description given.

[0141] refer to Figure 8B , the colors of the first color filter of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2, the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3, and the fourth color filter of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may be different from each other. For example, nine red filters R may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, nine green filters G may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the second sub-pixel group SPG2, nine blue filters B may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the third sub-pixel group SPG3, and nine white layers W may be arranged above the nine second photodiodes SPD of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and in addition to reference to Figure 8BIn addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0142] Figure 9 is a diagram of a pixel group PG including 8×8 pixels according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0143] refer to Figure 9 , the pixel group PG may include 8×8 pixels PX, and the pixel group PG may be in a pixel array (eg, Figure 1 The pixels are repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction) in a pixel array 110. The pixel group PG can be divided into four sub-pixel groups SPG, and each sub-pixel group SPG can include 4×4 pixels PX.

[0144] In some example embodiments, the second color filter of the second subpixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third subpixel group SPG3 may have the same color. For example, sixteen red filters R may be arranged above the sixteen second photodiodes SPD of the first subpixel group SPG1, sixteen blue filters B may be arranged above the sixteen second photodiodes SPD of the fourth subpixel group SPG4, and thirty-two green filters G may be arranged above the thirty-two second photodiodes SPD of the second subpixel group SPG2 and the third subpixel group SPG3. For example, the color filters CF of the pixel group PG may form a hexadecimal pattern.

[0145] In some example embodiments, the colors of the first color filter of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second color filter of the second subpixel group SPG2, the third color filter of the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth color filter of the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may also be different from each other. For example, a red filter R may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the first subpixel group SPG1, a green filter G may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the second subpixel group SPG2, a blue filter B may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the third subpixel group SPG3, and a white layer W may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the fourth subpixel group SPG4. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and in addition to reference to Figure 9 In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0146] Figure 10 is a diagram of a pixel array 110' including IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX according to some example embodiments. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 3The pixel array 110 may include only IR pixels, while Figure 10 The pixel array 110' may include IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX. The repeated description given above is omitted.

[0147] refer to Figure 10 , the pixel array 110' may include a plurality of pixels PX. The pixel array 110' may include infrared pixels IPX and color pixels CPX. The pixel group PG may include IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX, and the pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in the pixel array 110' in the first direction and the second direction. The IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX may be arranged in a specific pattern in the pixel array 110'. Although Figure 10 It is illustrated that the pixel group PG includes one IR pixel IPX and one color pixel CPX, but example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the pixel group PG may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX.

[0148] Each of the IR pixel IPX and the color pixel CPX may include a first photodiode LPD and a second photodiode SPD. The IR pixel IPX may include a first filter disposed above the first photodiode LPD of the IR pixel IPX and a second filter disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the IR pixel IPX. The first filter may include an IR filter IF that absorbs light in the infrared region. The second filter may include a color filter CF that absorbs light in the visible region. An IR pixel may refer to a pixel PX in which the IR filter IF is disposed above the first photodiode LPD.

[0149] The color pixel CPX may include a third filter disposed above the first photodiode LPD of the color pixel CPX and a fourth filter disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The third filter may include a color filter CF that absorbs light in the visible light region. The fourth filter may include a filter that absorbs light in the infrared region and light in the visible light region. The fourth filter may be one of a color filter CF and an IR filter IF. The color pixel CPX may refer to a pixel PX in which the color filter CF is disposed above the first photodiode LPD. The color filter CF or the IR filter IF may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX.

[0150] In some example embodiments, when the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX is a color filter CF, the third filter and the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may be the same color filter CF. The color filter CF of the same color may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. For example, the green filter G may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. Although Figure 10 The color filter CF is shown as being arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX, but example embodiments are not limited thereto, and the IR filter IF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in two dimensions in the first direction (X-axis direction) and the second direction (Y-axis direction) in the pixel array 110', and the pixel group PG may include at least one color pixel CPX and at least one IR pixel IPX. For example, Figure 10 As shown, the IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX may be alternately arranged in an array in the pixel array 110'. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX may form a specific pattern and may be arranged in various ways in the pixel array 110'. In addition, the color filters CF included in the IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX may transmit various colors and may be arranged in various ways.

[0151] In image sensor 100 according to the present invention, pixel groups PG, including IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX, can be repeatedly arranged in pixel array 110'. Because IR filters IF and color filters CF are uniformly arranged throughout pixel array 110', photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved even in edge regions of pixel array 110', and high dynamic range can be enhanced. Consequently, image quality can be improved.

[0152] Figure 11A is a diagram of a pixel group PG including an IR pixel IPX and a color pixel CPX according to some example embodiments. Figure 11A The illustration of the microlens is omitted in FIG. The repeated description given above is omitted.

[0153] In the pixel array 110', pixel groups PG may be repeatedly arranged in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction). Each pixel group PG may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX. In some example embodiments, the pixel group PG may include a first IR pixel IPX1, a second IR pixel IPX2, a first color pixel CPX1, and a second color pixel CPX2. The first IR pixel IPX1 and the second IR pixel IPX2 may be arranged side by side in the first direction, the first color pixel CPX1 and the second color pixel CPX2 may be arranged side by side in the first direction, the first IR pixel IPX1 and the first color pixel CPX1 may be arranged side by side in the second direction, and the second IR pixel IPX2 and the second color pixel CPX2 may be arranged side by side in the second direction.

[0154] For example, the color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may include the color filter CF. The color filters CF included in the pixel group PG may be arranged in various ways. The pixel group PG may include the color filter CF as the second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1, the second filter of the second IR pixel IPX2, the third filter and the fourth filter of the first color pixel CPX1, and the third filter and the fourth filter of the second color pixel CPX2. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the IR filter IF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may also include the IR filter IF.

[0155] The second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1 may include a first color filter, the second filter of the second IR pixel IPX2 may include a second color filter, the third filter and the fourth filter of the first color pixel CPX1 may include a third color filter, and the third filter and the fourth filter of the second color pixel CPX2 may include a fourth color filter.

[0156] In some example embodiments, the colors of the second and third color filters may be the same. The colors of the first, second, and fourth color filters may be different from each other. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a green filter G, and the fourth color filter may include a blue filter B. The red filter R may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD of the first IR pixel IPX1, the green filter G may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the second IR pixel IPX2, the green filter G may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the first color pixel CPX1, and the blue filter B may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the second color pixel CPX2. The color filter CF of each pixel PX included in the pixel group PG may form a Bayer pattern.

[0157] However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 11A In addition to the Bayer pattern described, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible. The color filters CF of the IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX can be arranged in various ways according to the purpose and characteristics of the image sensor 100.

[0158] Figure 11B is a diagram illustrating a pixel group PG including an IR pixel IPX and a color pixel CPX according to some example embodiments. Figure 11B The second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX is shown to sense light in the infrared region. Figure 11A Repeated description given.

[0159] refer to Figure 11B , the IR filter IF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may include the IR filter IF. The color filters CF included in the pixel group PG may be arranged in various ways. The pixel group PG may include a color filter CF as the second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1, the second filter of the second IR pixel IPX2, the third filter of the first color pixel CPX1, and the third filter of the second color pixel CPX2. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the color filter CF may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX.

[0160] The second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1 may include a first color filter, the second filter of the second IR pixel IPX2 may include a second color filter, the third filter of the first color pixel CPX1 may include a third color filter, and the third filter of the second color pixel CPX2 may include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the colors of the first, second, third, and fourth color filters may be different from each other. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a blue filter B, and the fourth color filter may include a yellow filter Y.

[0161] A red filter R may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the first IR pixel IPX1, a green filter G may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the second IR pixel IPX2, a blue filter B may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD of the first color pixel CPX1, and a yellow filter Y may be disposed above the first photodiode LPD of the second color pixel CPX2. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0162] Figure 12A is a diagram of a pattern in which IR pixels IPX are diagonally arranged, according to some example embodiments.

[0163] In the pixel array 110', pixel groups PG may be repeatedly arranged in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction). In some example embodiments, pixel group PG may include a first IR pixel IPX1, a second IR pixel IPX2, and a first color pixel CPX1 and a second color pixel CPX2. The first IR pixel IPX1 and the first color pixel CPX1 may be arranged side by side in the first direction (X-axis direction), the first IR pixel IPX1 and the second color pixel CPX2 may be arranged side by side in the second direction (Y-axis direction), and the second IR pixel IPX2 and the second color pixel CPX2 may be arranged side by side in the first direction. In pixel group PG, the first IR pixel IPX1 and the second IR pixel IPX2 may be arranged in one diagonal direction, and the first color pixel CPX1 and the second color pixel CPX2 may be arranged in another diagonal direction.

[0164] For example, the color filter CF may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may include the color filter CF. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the IR filter IF may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX.

[0165] For example, a red filter R may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the first IR pixel IPX1, a yellow filter Y may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the first color pixel CPX1, the yellow filter Y may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD of the second color pixel CPX2, and a cyan filter Cy may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the second IR pixel IPX2. In the pixel group PG, the red filter R and the cyan filter Cy may be arranged on the second photodiode SPD in one diagonal direction, respectively, and the yellow filter Y may be arranged on the first photodiode LPD and the second photodiode SPD in another diagonal direction, respectively. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0166] Figure 12B is a diagram of a pattern in which IR pixels IPX are diagonally arranged, according to some example embodiments. Figure 12B The second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX is shown to sense light in the infrared region. Figure 12A Repeated description given.

[0167] refer to Figure 12B , the IR filter IF may be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX. The fourth filter of the color pixel CPX may include the IR filter IF. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the color filter CF may also be disposed above the second photodiode SPD of the color pixel CPX.

[0168] The second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1 may include a first color filter, the third filter of the first color pixel CPX1 may include a second color filter, the third filter of the second color pixel CPX2 may include a third color filter, and the second filter of the second IR pixel IPX2 may include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the colors of the first color filter, the second color filter, the third color filter, and the fourth color filter may be different from each other. For example, a red filter R may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the first IR pixel IPX1, a green filter G may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD of the first color pixel CPX1, a blue filter B may be arranged above the first photodiode LPD of the second color pixel CPX2, and a white layer W may be arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the second IR pixel IPX2. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0169] Figure 13A is a diagram illustrating that an IR pixel IPX is included in a pixel group PG according to some example embodiments.

[0170] refer to Figure 13A , the pixel array 110' may include pixel groups PG, and the pixel groups PG may be repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction in the pixel array 110'. Each of the pixel groups PG may include n×n pixels (n is a positive integer of 2 or greater). In some example embodiments, one pixel PX among the n×n pixels PX may include an IR pixel IPX, and the remaining pixels PX among the n×n pixels PX may include color pixels CPX.

[0171] In some example embodiments, a pixel group PG may include 2×2 pixels PX, one pixel PX of the 2×2 pixels PX may include an IR pixel IPX, and the remaining pixels PX may include color pixels CPX. The pixel group PG may include a first IR pixel IPX1, a first color pixel CPX1, a second color pixel CPX2, and a third color pixel CPX3.

[0172] The second filter of the first IR pixel IPX1 may include a first color filter, the third filter and the fourth filter of the first color pixel CPX1 may include a second color filter, the third filter and the fourth filter of the second color pixel CPX2 may each include a third color filter, and the third filter and the fourth filter of the third color pixel CPX3 may each include a fourth color filter. In some example embodiments, the second color filter of the first color pixel CPX1 and the third color filter of the second color pixel CPX2 may have the same color. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter and the third color filter may include a green filter G, and the fourth color filter may include a blue filter B. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference to Figure 13A In addition to the described pattern, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible. In a structure including one IR pixel IPX in the pixel group PG, the color filters CF can be arranged in various ways.

[0173] In addition, with Figure 13AUnlike the example shown, the first color filter of the first IR pixel IPX1, the second color filter of the first color pixel CPX1, the third color filter of the second color pixel CPX2, and the fourth color filter of the third color pixel CPX3 may be different color filters. For example, the first color filter may include a red filter R, the second color filter may include a green filter G, the third color filter may include a blue filter B, and the fourth color filter may include a white layer W. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0174] Figure 13B is a diagram of a pixel group PG including 4×4 pixels PX according to some example embodiments.

[0175] refer to Figure 13B , the pixel group PG may include 4×4 pixels PX, and the pixel group PG may be repeatedly arranged in the first direction and the second direction in the pixel array 110 ′. One pixel PX of the 4×4 pixels PX included in the pixel group PG may include an IR pixel IPX, and the remaining pixels PX may include color pixels CPX. The pixel group PG may include one IR pixel IPX and 15 color pixels CPX.

[0176] Color filters can be arranged in various ways within pixel group PG. For example, within pixel group PG, red filter R, green filter G, and blue filter B can form a Bayer pattern and be arranged repeatedly. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and various arrangements of color filters CF are possible. In a structure including one IR pixel IPX within pixel group PG, color filters CF can be arranged in various ways.

[0177] Figure 14A is a diagram of a pixel array 110 ′ including a pixel group PG according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0178] refer to Figure 14A , the pixel array 110 ′ may include a plurality of pixel groups PG, each pixel group PG including 2n×2n (n is a positive integer of 2 or greater) pixels PX. Each of the plurality of pixel groups PG may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX. Each of the plurality of pixel groups PG may include a sub-pixel group SPG. For example, the pixel group PG may include four sub-pixel groups SPG. The pixel group PG may include a first sub-pixel group SPG1, a second sub-pixel group SPG2, a third sub-pixel group SPG3, and a fourth sub-pixel group SPG4. Each sub-pixel group SPG may include n×n pixels PX.

[0179] Each of the plurality of pixel groups PG may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX. For example, the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include one IR pixel IPX and three color pixels CPX, and each of the second sub-pixel group SPG2, the third sub-pixel group SPG3, and the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include four color pixels CPX. However, the example embodiments are merely examples, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in the sub-pixel group SPG is not necessarily limited thereto.

[0180] In some example embodiments, each of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second subpixel group SPG2, the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX. For example, each of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second subpixel group SPG2, the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may include at least two IR pixels IPX and at least two color pixels CPX. However, example embodiments are merely examples, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in a subpixel group SPG is not necessarily limited thereto.

[0181] The color filters CF of the pixels PX included in one subpixel group SPG may have the same color. For example, the subpixel group SPG may include n×n pixels PX, and the color filters CF included in the subpixel group SPG may include the same color filter CF. For each subpixel group SPG, the second filter and the third filter included in the subpixel group SPG may include the same color filter. For example, the color filter CF arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the IR pixel IPX and the first photodiode LPD of the color pixel CPX included in the first subpixel group SPG1 may include a first color filter. The color filter CF arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the IR pixel IPX and the first photodiode LPD of the color pixel CPX included in the second subpixel group SPG2 may include a second color filter. The color filter CF arranged above the second photodiode SPD of the IR pixel IPX and the first photodiode LPD of the color pixel CPX included in the third subpixel group SPG3 may include a third color filter. The color filter CF disposed over the second photodiode SPD of the IR pixel IPX and the first photodiode LPD of the color pixel CPX included in the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a fourth color filter.

[0182] In some example embodiments, a pixel group PG may include 4×4 pixels PX, and the pixel groups PG may be arranged repeatedly in two dimensions in a first direction (X-axis direction) and a second direction (Y-axis direction) in the pixel array 110 ′. The pixel group PG may be divided into four sub-pixel groups SPG, and each sub-pixel group SPG may include 2×2 pixels PX. For example, each sub-pixel group SPG may include two IR pixels IPX and two color pixels CPX. In a sub-pixel group SPG, the two IR pixels IPX may be arranged in one diagonal direction, and the two color pixels CPX may be arranged in another diagonal direction. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited to this, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in each sub-pixel group SPG, as well as the method of arranging at least one of the IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX in the sub-pixel group SPG, may vary. In some example embodiments, the pixel group PG may include various arrangements of 2n×2n pixels PX, such as 6×6 pixels PX and 8×8 pixels PX.

[0183] Subpixel groups SPG may be categorized based on the positions of pixels PX within pixel group PG. The four pixels PX at the upper left corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a first subpixel group SPG1, the four pixels PX at the upper right corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a second subpixel group SPG2, the four pixels PX at the lower left corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a third subpixel group SPG3, and the four pixels PX at the lower right corner of pixel group PG may be categorized as a fourth subpixel group SPG4. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto, and for example, pixels PX in the first row (or first column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the first subpixel group SPG1, pixels PX in the second row (or second column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the second subpixel group SPG2, pixels PX in the third row (or third column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the third subpixel group SPG3, and pixels PX in the fourth row (or fourth column) of pixel group PG may be categorized as the fourth subpixel group SPG4.

[0184] The second filter of the IR pixel IPX, the third filter and the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX included in the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a first color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX, the third filter and the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX included in the second sub-pixel group SPG2 may include a second color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX, the third filter and the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX included in the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may include a third color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX, the third filter and the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX included in the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a fourth color filter. Although Figure 14A It is shown that the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX includes the color filter CF, but example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the fourth filter may further include an IR filter IF.

[0185] In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may be the same. For example, the first color filter of the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a red filter R, the fourth color filter of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a blue filter B, and the second and third color filters of the second and third sub-pixel groups SPG2 and SPG3 may include a green filter G. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 14A In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0186] Figure 14B is a diagram of a pixel array 110 ′ including a yellow filter Y, according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0187] In some example embodiments, each of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second subpixel group SPG2, the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CPX. For example, each of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second subpixel group SPG2, the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may include one IR pixel IPX and three color pixels CPX. However, example embodiments are merely examples, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in a subpixel group SPG is not necessarily limited thereto.

[0188] The color filters CF of the pixels PX included in one subpixel group SPG may have the same color. For example, each subpixel group SPG may include one IR pixel IPX and three color pixels CPX. In a subpixel group SPG, one IR pixel IPX and one color pixel CPX may be arranged in one diagonal direction, and two color pixels CPX may be arranged in another diagonal direction. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in each subpixel group SPG and the method of arranging at least one of the IR pixels IPX and the color pixels CPX in the subpixel group SPG may vary.

[0189] In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may be the same. For example, the first color filter of the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a red filter R, the fourth color filter of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a cyan filter Cy, and the second and third color filters of the second and third sub-pixel groups SPG2 and SPG3 may include a yellow filter Y. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 14B In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0190] Figure 14C is a diagram of a pixel array 110 ′ including a white layer W, according to some example embodiments. Repeated descriptions given above are omitted.

[0191] For example, each of the first subpixel group SPG1, the second subpixel group SPG2, the third subpixel group SPG3, and the fourth subpixel group SPG4 may include two IR pixels IPX and two color pixels CPX. However, the exemplary embodiment is merely an example, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in the subpixel group SPG is not necessarily limited thereto. In the subpixel group SPG, the two IR pixels IPX may be arranged in one diagonal direction, and the two color pixels CPX may be arranged in another diagonal direction. However, the exemplary embodiment is not necessarily limited thereto, and the number of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX included in each subpixel group SPG and the method of arranging at least one of the IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX in the subpixel group SPG may vary.

[0192] The second filter of the IR pixel IPX and the third filter of the color pixel CPX included in the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a first color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX and the third filter of the color pixel CPX included in the second sub-pixel group SPG2 may include a second color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX and the third filter of the color pixel CPX included in the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may include a third color filter. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX and the third filter of the color pixel CPX included in the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a fourth color filter. Although Figure 14C It is illustrated that the fourth filter of the color pixel CPX includes the IR filter IF, but example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and the fourth filter may also include a color filter CF.

[0193] In some example embodiments, the colors of the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 and the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may be the same. For example, the first color filter of the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a red filter R, the fourth color filter of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a blue filter B, and the second and third color filters of the second and third sub-pixel groups SPG2 and SPG3 may include a white layer W. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and except for reference Figure 14C In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0194] Figure 15 is a diagram of a pixel array 110 ′ including sub-pixel groups according to some example embodiments. Figure 15 Each of the first to fourth sub-pixel groups SPG1 to SPG4 in the embodiment may include a different color filter CF. Figure 14A Repeated description given.

[0195] refer to Figure 15 , the color of the color filter CF included in each of the first sub-pixel group SPG1, the second sub-pixel group SPG2, the third sub-pixel group SPG3, and the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may be different from each other. For example, the first color filter of the first sub-pixel group SPG1 may include a red filter R, the second color filter of the second sub-pixel group SPG2 may include a green filter G, the third color filter of the third sub-pixel group SPG3 may include a blue filter B, and the fourth color filter of the fourth sub-pixel group SPG4 may include a white layer W. However, example embodiments are not necessarily limited thereto, and in addition to reference to Figure 15 In addition to the described patterns, various arrangements of the color filters CF are possible.

[0196] Figure 16 is a block diagram of an electronic device 1000 according to some example embodiments.

[0197] refer to Figure 16 , the electronic device 1000 according to some example embodiments may include an application processor (AP) 1200, an image sensor 1100, a display device 1300, a memory 1400, a storage 1500, a user interface 1600, and a wireless transceiver 1700. Figures 1 to 15 The description of the image sensor according to some example embodiments of the inventive concept may be applied to the image sensor 1100 .

[0198] The image sensor 1100 may be mounted on the electronic device 1000 having an image or light sensing function. For example, the electronic device 1000 may be provided as a component in a vehicle or the like, and the image sensor 1100 may be mounted on the electronic device 1000 provided as a component in the vehicle. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0199] Image sensor 1100 may include a pixel array, and the pixel array may include IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX. Each of IR pixels IPX and color pixels CPX may include a first photoelectric conversion element and a second photoelectric conversion element. The light receiving area of the first photoelectric conversion element may be larger than the light receiving area of the second photoelectric conversion element.

[0200] The IR pixel IPX may include a first filter disposed on the first photoelectric conversion element of the IR pixel IPX and a second filter disposed on the second photoelectric conversion element of the IR pixel IPX. The first filter may include an IR filter IF that absorbs light in the infrared region. The second filter may include a color filter CF that absorbs light in the visible region. The IR pixel IPX may refer to a pixel PX in which the IR filter IF is disposed above the first photoelectric conversion element.

[0201] The color pixel may include a third filter disposed on the first photoelectric conversion element of the color pixel CPX and a fourth filter disposed on the second photoelectric conversion element of the color pixel CPX. The third filter may include a color filter CF that absorbs light in the visible light region. The fourth filter may include a filter that absorbs light in the infrared region and light in the visible light region. The fourth filter may include one of a color filter CF and an IR filter IF. The color pixel CPX may refer to a pixel PX in which the color filter CF is disposed above the first photoelectric conversion element.

[0202] In some example embodiments, the pixel array includes a plurality of pixels PX, and each of the plurality of pixels PX may include an IR pixel IPX. A color filter CF may be disposed in a second photodiode of each of the plurality of IR pixels PX, and the color filter CF may be disposed in various ways according to the purpose and characteristics of the image sensor 1100.

[0203] In some example embodiments, a plurality of pixel groups PG may be repeatedly arranged in a pixel array, and each of the plurality of pixel groups PG may include at least one IR pixel IPX and at least one color pixel CF. For example, a pixel group PG may include two IR pixels IPX and two color pixels CF. However, example embodiments are not limited thereto. The second filter of the IR pixel IPX and the third filter of the color pixel CPX may include a color filter CF, and the color filters CF may be arranged in various ways depending on the purpose and characteristics of the image sensor 1100.

[0204] The AP 1200 may be provided as a system on chip (SoC) that controls overall operations of the electronic device 1000 and drives an application program, an operating system, and the like.

[0205] The AP 1200 may receive image data from the image sensor 1100 .

[0206] The image sensor 1100 may generate image data based on the received light signal and provide the generated image data to the AP 1200. The image data may also be referred to as a pixel value pdf. The image sensor 1100 may generate image data based on light in the infrared region and light in the visible region.

[0207] The memory 1400 may be implemented as a volatile memory such as dynamic random access memory (RAM) (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM), or a resistive non-volatile memory such as ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), and phase change RAM (PRAM). The memory 1400 may store programs and / or data processed or executed by the AP 1200.

[0208] The storage device 1500 may be implemented as a non-volatile memory such as a NAND flash memory and a resistive memory, and may be provided as, for example, a memory card (MultiMediaCard (MMC), embedded MMC (eMMC), secure card (SD), and microSD). The storage device 1500 may store data and / or programs for executing algorithms for controlling image processing operations of the image sensor 1100, and when image processing operations are performed, the data and / or programs may be loaded into the memory 1400. In some example embodiments, the storage device 1500 may store output image data generated by the image sensor 1100, such as corrected image data or post-processed image data.

[0209] The user interface 1600 may be implemented as various devices capable of receiving user input, such as a keyboard, a curtain key panel, a touch panel, a fingerprint sensor, and a microphone. The user interface 1600 may receive the user input and provide a signal corresponding to the received user input to the AP 1200.

[0210] The wireless transceiver 1700 may include a transceiver 1720 , a modem 1710 , and an antenna 1730 .

[0211] As described herein, any electronic device and / or portion thereof according to any example embodiment may include, be included in, and / or be implemented by one or more instances of processing circuitry, such as hardware including logic circuitry; a hardware / software combination, such as a processor that executes software; or any combination thereof. For example, the processing circuitry may more specifically include, but is not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application processor (AP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcomputer, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and a programmable logic unit, a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a neural network processing unit (NPU), an electronic control unit (ECU), an image signal processor (ISP), and the like. In some example embodiments, the processing circuitry may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage device (e.g., memory), such as a DRAM device, that stores a program of instructions, and a processor (e.g., a CPU) configured to execute the program of instructions to implement the functions and / or methods performed by some or all of the devices, systems, modules, units, controllers, circuits, architectures, and / or portions thereof according to any example embodiment and / or any portion thereof.

[0212] While the inventive concept has been particularly shown and described with reference to embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An image sensor, comprising: A pixel group includes a plurality of unit pixels, each of the plurality of unit pixels including: an infrared pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element PD; and a non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, wherein the non-infrared pixels are configured to sense visible light, wherein a plurality of infrared pixels are arranged in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and The non-infrared pixels are arranged diagonally relative to the infrared pixels in a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction.

2. The image sensor according to claim 1, wherein The non-infrared pixel is a color pixel configured to transmit at least one of light having a green visible wavelength, a red visible wavelength, a blue visible wavelength, and a yellow visible wavelength to the second PD.

3. The image sensor according to claim 2, further comprising: a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first isolation layer separating the infrared pixel in the first unit pixel from the infrared pixel in the second unit pixel and contacting the second surface; and a second isolation layer, separating the infrared pixel in the first unit pixel from the non-infrared pixel in the first unit pixel; wherein the second isolation layer contacts the second surface, and The image sensor is configured to receive the visible light through the second surface.

4. The image sensor according to claim 3, wherein: Each of the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer is in contact with the first surface.

5. The image sensor according to claim 4, wherein: N non-infrared pixels are configured to transmit the light having the green visible wavelength to N second PDs, wherein the M non-infrared pixels are configured to transmit the light having the red visible wavelength to the M second PDs, where N and M are integers, and Among them, N is greater than M.

6. The image sensor according to claim 5, wherein: L non-infrared pixels are configured to transmit the light having the blue visible wavelength to L second PDs, where L is an integer, and Among them, N is greater than L.

7. The image sensor according to claim 1, wherein N non-infrared pixels are color pixels, and M non-infrared pixels are white pixels, where N and M are integers, and Wherein, M is equal to or greater than N.

8. The image sensor according to claim 7, wherein: The M non-infrared pixels include a plurality of red pixels.

9. An image sensor comprising: A pixel group includes four unit pixels arranged in a 2×2 matrix, each of the four unit pixels including: The infrared pixel comprises a first photoelectric conversion element PD; a non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, The four unit pixels include: a first unit pixel; a second unit pixel disposed directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a first direction; a third unit pixel disposed directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in the second direction; and a fourth unit pixel, disposed directly adjacent to the second unit pixel in the second direction, wherein the non-infrared pixels are arranged diagonally relative to the infrared pixels in a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction, wherein the non-infrared pixel in the first unit pixel is configured to transmit a first color to the second PD in the first unit pixel, wherein the non-infrared pixel in the second unit pixel is configured to transmit a second color to the second PD in the second unit pixel, and The second color is different from the first color.

10. The image sensor according to claim 9, wherein: The non-infrared pixel in the third unit pixel is configured to transmit the second color to the second PD in the third unit pixel.

11. The image sensor according to claim 9, wherein: The non-infrared pixel in the fourth unit pixel is configured to transmit a third color to the second PD in the fourth unit pixel, and The third color is different from the second color.

12. The image sensor according to claim 10, further comprising: a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first isolation layer, separating the infrared pixel in the first unit pixel from the infrared pixel in the second unit pixel and contacting the second surface; and a second isolation layer, separating the infrared pixel in the first unit pixel from the non-infrared pixel in the first unit pixel; wherein the second isolation layer contacts the second surface, and The image sensor is configured to receive visible light through the second surface.

13. The image sensor according to claim 12, wherein: Each of the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer is in contact with the first surface.

14. The image sensor according to claim 12, wherein: Each of the four unit pixels further includes: a driving transistor configured to output a first voltage corresponding to the amount of photocharges generated by the first PD and to output a second voltage corresponding to the amount of photocharges generated by the second PD; and A select transistor is connected to the drive transistor.

15. The image sensor according to claim 14, wherein: The first PD and the second PD in the first to fourth unit pixels are provided on a first chip, The driving transistor and the selecting transistor are arranged on a second chip different from the first chip.

16. An image sensor comprising: A first sub-pixel group includes four unit pixels arranged in a 2×2 matrix, each of the four unit pixels including: A first infrared pixel comprising a first photoelectric conversion element PD; a first non-infrared pixel including a second PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, The four unit pixels include: a first unit pixel; a second unit pixel disposed directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in a first direction; a third unit pixel disposed directly adjacent to the first unit pixel in the second direction; and a fourth unit pixel, disposed directly adjacent to the second unit pixel in the first direction, wherein the first non-infrared pixel is arranged diagonally relative to the first infrared pixel in a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction, and The first non-infrared pixel among the first to fourth unit pixels is configured to transmit a first color to the second PD of the first to fourth unit pixels.

17. The image sensor according to claim 16, further comprising: The second sub-pixel group includes four unit pixels arranged in a 2×2 matrix, each of the unit pixels including: a second infrared pixel including a third PD; a second non-infrared pixel including a fourth PD having a smaller light receiving area than the first PD in a plan view, wherein the second non-infrared pixel in the second sub-pixel group is configured to transmit a second color to the fourth PD in the second sub-pixel group, and The second color is different from the first color.

18. The image sensor according to claim 17, wherein: The second sub-pixel group is directly adjacent to the first sub-pixel group in the first direction, and Wherein, the second color is red.

19. The image sensor according to claim 17, wherein: The second sub-pixel group is directly adjacent to the first sub-pixel group in the first direction, and Wherein, the second color is green.

20. The image sensor according to claim 17, further comprising: a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and An isolation layer separates the infrared pixel in the first unit pixel and the infrared pixel in the second unit pixel and contacts the first surface and the second surface.

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