Cultivation method for achieving wind prevention, sand fixation and productivity improvement based on corn wide-narrow row alternate fallow

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for achieving wind prevention, sand fixation and capacity improvement based on corn wide-narrow row alternate fallow, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the method, a special pretreatment process (after corn is harvested in the first year, autumn straw smashing, packaging and field moving treatment, remaining straw and stubble covering and field returning treatment and water retention treatment are conducted firstly) is combined with water and fertilizer management in a specific stage, growth and development of corn are promoted, and corn yield increase is achieved. According to the cultivation method for achieving wind prevention, sand fixation and capacity improvement based on corn wide-narrow row alternate fallow, the corn planting density, the lodging-resistant effect and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency are remarkably improved, and the yield of corn groups is effectively improved by positively acting on the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear and the grain weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and more specifically relates to a cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for achieving windbreak and sand fixation and productivity improvement. Background Art

[0002] In current agricultural production practices, soil desertification continues to spread, soil erosion becomes increasingly severe, and land productivity is declining. Traditional corn cultivation practices often utilize evenly spaced rows, a method that fails to fully consider the ecological needs of the land and the long-term maintenance of productivity. Long-term, continuous planting leads to a serious imbalance in soil nutrients and exacerbates pest and disease problems. This method is particularly difficult to effectively block in areas prone to sandstorms, leading to even more severe soil erosion.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, researchers have proposed a strategy of alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for fallow. After the straw is crushed, baled and moved to the field, all the remaining straw and stubble are left in the field to increase straw coverage, extend the time for the stubble of the previous season to lock in sand, and avoid further erosion by wind and sand in autumn and spring, thereby improving soil fertility and enhancing ecological benefits. In addition, by alternating narrow and wide rows, new and old stubble and straw can play a role in alternating operations, thereby improving the soil's desertification repair function, improving the efficiency of strip tillage and land preparation, and further enhancing corn yield potential. However, it cannot fundamentally solve the problem of intensified soil desertification, significant ecological fragility, and decreased soil fertility, which leads to low corn yields. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for fallow to achieve windbreak and sand fixation and increase production capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for windbreak and sand fixation and increased production capacity, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, achieve the purpose of windbreak and sand fixation, and at the same time solve the problem of intensified soil desertification, significant ecological fragility, decreased soil fertility, and low corn yield from the root.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn to achieve windbreak and sand fixation and improve production capacity, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) In autumn, straw is crushed and covered in the field to retain water: a flat wide-narrow row planting pattern is adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 70-80 cm; in the autumn of the first year, corn is harvested and the straw is crushed and evenly spread on the field to cover the surface, leaving the stubble, and water-retaining fertilizer is applied on the surface at a rate of 40-50 kg / mu;

[0008] The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 60-70 parts of basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of bentonite and 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate;

[0009] (2) Row-collecting operation: In the spring of the second year, before corn is sown, new narrow rows are formed on the wide rows of the first year using a strip tiller. The narrow rows of the previous year are left fallow, and the surface is covered with corn straw and stubble from the previous year. These rows are used as wide rows of the second year. The straw and stubble on the narrow rows of the second year are evenly spread on the wide rows of the second year through straw-collecting and strip tillage, forming a straw-free area on the narrow rows of the second year and a straw-covered area on the wide rows of the second year.

[0010] (3) Narrow row tillage: Tillage the narrow rows in the second year in the area without straw cover;

[0011] (4) Narrow row sowing: In the second year, dense planting and precision sowing are carried out on narrow rows. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the soil along with the base fertilizer and seeds. Precision fertilizer flushing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage, and the tasseling stage.

[0012] (5) Harvesting corn in the autumn of the second year and repeating the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arranging new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, i.e., forming the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeating the operations of steps (2) and (3), using the wide rows of the third year as seed beds for planting corn, and repeating the operation of step (4) to sow corn;

[0013] (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern.

[0014] Preferably, the height of the stubble is 20 to 30 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation step of the water-retaining fertilizer comprises: uniformly mixing basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, humic acid, bentonite and sodium polyacrylate according to prescribed amounts to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.

[0016] Furthermore, the basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing 15 to 20 parts of urea, 10 to 15 parts of superphosphate and 8 to 12 parts of potassium sulfate.

[0017] Preferably, the tillage includes deep loosening and rotary tillage.

[0018] Furthermore, the depth of the deep tillage is 35 to 45 cm; the depth of the rotary tillage is 10 to 15 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the dense planting and precision sowing operation is an integrated operation of strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying;

[0020] The depth of the strip tillage is 10 to 15 cm; the fertilization includes: applying base fertilizer sideways at a depth of 8 to 10 cm, with the base fertilizer being 5 to 8 cm away from the seeds in the horizontal direction; the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm; the pipe laying includes: shallowly burying the drip irrigation tape in the center line of the narrow row, with a burial depth of 3 to 5 cm.

[0021] Preferably, the base fertilizer is a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, and high-potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 25 to 30 kg / mu.

[0022] Preferably, the topdressing fertilizer used in the jointing stage is high nitrogen fertilizer; the topdressing fertilizer used in the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer; and the topdressing fertilizer used in the tasseling stage is high potassium fertilizer.

[0023] Preferably, the topdressing is applied by drip irrigation, with 3 to 5 kg of fertilizer per mu per drip irrigation.

[0024] Preferably, weed control and pest and disease control are also included during the corn growth period.

[0025] Furthermore, the weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding;

[0026] The pre-emergence weeding period is before seedlings emerge within 1 to 3 days after sowing, and the herbicides used are atrazine or acetochlor; the post-emergence weeding period is when corn has 3 to 5 leaves and weeds have 2 to 4 leaves, and the herbicides used are nicosulfuron or mesotrione;

[0027] When weeding, avoid working during the midday when the sun is strong.

[0028] The present invention first carries out a treatment of crushing straw, covering, returning to the field and retaining water in autumn after the corn harvest, which can achieve the purposes of preventing wind and sand, storing water and retaining moisture, and improving soil properties. Crushing straw to cover the ground surface can reduce wind speed, reduce soil wind erosion, and prevent exposed topsoil from being blown away in winter and spring. Crushing straw to cover the ground layer can reduce water evaporation and increase soil moisture content. Crushing straw to cover the ground surface can also promote snow retention, increase water infiltration during spring snowmelt, and achieve the purpose of moisture conservation. At the same time, after 3 to 5 months of decomposition, the straw can significantly increase the content of organic matter in the soil. In addition, the straw can also improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the clay content and reduce wind erosion. When crushing and mulching straw and returning it to the field, water-retaining fertilizers are applied simultaneously. Basic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers serve as base fertilizers, significantly increasing soil nutrient levels. Humic acid, bentonite, and sodium polyacrylate work synergistically with straw to significantly improve soil microecology, enhance water and nutrient retention, and improve soil aggregate stability. Straw acts as a physical mulch and carbon source, providing raw materials for humic acid formation. Humic acid chelates nutrients and stimulates microbial activity, promoting straw decomposition and enhancing bentonite adsorption. Bentonite retains water and nutrient content and improves soil structure, fixing the humic acid-nutrient complex. Sodium polyacrylate, with its strong water absorption and slow-release properties, protects straw moisture and prolongs the decomposition cycle. The combination of these four elements forms a "micro-reservoir" that simultaneously provides nutrients for plants. Humic acid chelates nitrogen and phosphorus (promoting nutrient absorption by plant roots), which is then fixed in bentonite layers. Straw decomposition releases CO2, promoting desorption. Sodium polyacrylate acts as a carrier for water transport, effectively improving soil structure and fertility.

[0029] When alternating wide and narrow rows of corn are left fallow, the straw and stubble covering the seedbed area where sowing is carried out are evenly spread in the fallow area where sowing is not carried out. The surface of the fallow area where sowing is not carried out is covered with straw and stubble, which effectively increases the straw coverage and extends the time for the stubble of corn from the previous season to lock in sand, thus avoiding further erosion by wind and sand in autumn and spring, improving soil fertility and enhancing ecological benefits. In addition, since the amount of straw and stubble covering the fallow area increases compared to the previous year, the decomposition cycle of biomass can be extended, thereby providing a steady supply of nutrients for the seedbed area and significantly increasing corn yields.

[0030] In addition, adopting different water and fertilizer management strategies at different stages of corn growth, combined with a special soil pretreatment process, promoted the growth and development of corn and achieved increased corn yields.

[0031] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0032] This invention promotes corn growth and development through a special pretreatment process combined with water and fertilizer management at specific stages, achieving increased corn yields. The cultivation method, based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for windbreak and sand fixation and increased production capacity, significantly enhances lodging resistance and effectively increases corn yield and kernel number per ear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for achieving windbreak and sand fixation and increasing production capacity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The southern edge of the Horqin Desert has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and simultaneous rain and heat. The average annual temperature is 6-8°C, and the frost-free period lasts approximately 140-160 days, which fully meets the heat requirements for corn growth. Annual precipitation ranges from 350 to 450 mm. Although relatively low, it is primarily concentrated in the summer, which aligns with corn's water requirements and is beneficial for its growth and development. Furthermore, the region enjoys ample sunlight, with 2,800 to 3,000 hours of sunshine per year. This abundant sunlight is beneficial for corn photosynthesis, accumulation of dry matter, and improved yield and quality.

[0035] With the improvement of people's living standards and the rapid development of animal husbandry, the demand for corn is continuously increasing. As an important food crop, feed crop, and industrial raw material, corn has broad market prospects. The southern edge of the Horqin Desert is close to corn-consuming markets such as the Northeast Plain, with convenient transportation, facilitating the transportation and sale of corn, providing favorable market conditions for corn cultivation. Agricultural research institutions and technology promotion departments in the region are actively conducting research and promotion of corn cultivation techniques. Through training courses and on-site guidance, they teach farmers high-yield corn cultivation techniques, such as appropriate planting density, formulated fertilization, and pest and disease control. This has improved farmers' cultivation skills and corn yields. Furthermore, with the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, mechanization has been implemented in corn sowing, fertilization, and harvesting, reducing labor intensity and increasing production efficiency. Furthermore, the southern edge of the Horqin Desert serves as a critical ecological barrier. Planting corn can increase vegetation cover, reduce wind and sand erosion, and reduce the frequency of sandstorms, playing a significant role in protecting the ecological environment. Corn has a well-developed root system that stabilizes soil, increases soil organic matter content, improves soil structure, and enhances soil fertility. At the same time, returning corn straw to the fields can increase soil nutrients, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0036] However, the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land faces the following challenges, significantly impacting corn crop growth: Drought and water shortage: Annual rainfall in the region is relatively low and unevenly distributed throughout the seasons. Drought is a major factor limiting corn yields. Drought, particularly during critical growth periods such as tasseling and silking, can reduce pollen vitality and hinder silk elongation, hindering pollination and fertilization, leading to lower seed set rates. Low soil fertility: The soils along the southern edge of the Horqin Sandy Land are primarily sandy, with low fertility and poor water and fertilizer retention. Long-term continuous corn cropping can lead to an imbalance in soil nutrients and a decrease in organic matter content, impacting corn growth, development, and yield. Wind and sand hazards: The region is subject to significant wind and sand, especially after corn planting and during the seedling stage in spring. This wind and sand can easily cause soil erosion, expose seeds, and cause seedlings to fall over, impacting corn emergence and growth. Frequent occurrence of pests and diseases: Due to climatic conditions and the growing environment, corn pests and diseases such as corn borers, aphids, and large and small leaf spot are common in the region. The occurrence of pests and diseases can damage corn leaves, break stalks, and reduce kernel plumpness, seriously affecting corn yield and quality. Planting techniques need improvement: Some farmers have limited acceptance of new corn planting technologies and still use traditional planting methods, such as unreasonable planting density, unscientific fertilization, and untimely pest and disease control. This makes it difficult to improve corn yield and quality.

[0037] To address these issues, researchers have proposed a method of alternating wide and narrow rows of corn for fallow cultivation. By leaving all the straw and stubble in the field, this method increases straw cover, prolongs the time the previous season's corn stubble locks in the sand, and prevents further erosion by windblown sand in autumn and spring, improving soil fertility and enhancing ecological benefits. Furthermore, by alternating narrow and wide rows, new and old stubble and straw can be used alternately, enhancing soil sand remediation, improving the efficiency of strip tillage and land preparation, and further increasing corn yield potential. However, this method does not fundamentally address the problems of intensified soil desertification, significant ecological fragility, and decreased soil fertility, which lead to low corn yields.

[0038] Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn to achieve windbreak and sand fixation and increase production capacity, which can effectively solve the above problems and is of great significance to the development of the corn industry in the region.

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0041] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0043] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0044] It should be pointed out that the matters not described in detail in the present invention are conventional operating means in this field and are not the focus of the present invention.

[0045] The corn variety used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is Xianyu 335.

[0046] The basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer used was obtained by mixing 16 parts of urea, 10 parts of superphosphate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.

[0047] The mass ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) in the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer used is 1:3:5.

[0048] The high-nitrogen fertilizer used was urea. The nitrogen (N) to potassium (K2O) mass ratio in the balanced fertilizer used was 4:3. The high-potassium fertilizer used was potassium sulfate.

[0049] The experimental field is located in a certain area in the northwest of Liaoning Province, on the southern edge of the Horqin Desert.

[0050] The experimental field was divided into 6 experimental areas, namely, experimental area 1, experimental area 2, experimental area 3, experimental area 4, experimental area 5 and experimental area 6. Corn was planted in the 6 experimental areas according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] First, the preparation of the water-retaining fertilizer is provided, and the steps are as follows: preparing 60 parts of basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate; mixing the basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, humic acid, bentonite and sodium polyacrylate according to the above amounts to obtain a water-retaining fertilizer, and setting it aside.

[0053] Secondly, a cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn to achieve windbreak and sand fixation and increase production capacity is provided. The steps are as follows:

[0054] (1) A flat planting pattern of wide and narrow rows was adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 80 cm. In the autumn of the first year, the corn was harvested and the straw was crushed and evenly spread on the field to cover the surface, while the stubble was retained. The prepared water-retaining fertilizer was applied to the surface at an application rate of 45 kg / mu.

[0055] (2) In the spring of the second year, before corn is sown, new narrow rows are formed on the wide rows of the first year using a strip tiller. The narrow rows of the previous year are left fallow in situ, and the surface is covered with corn straw and stubble from the previous year to serve as the wide rows of the second year. The straw and stubble on the narrow rows of the second year are evenly spread onto the wide rows of the second year through straw return and strip tillage, forming a straw-free area on the narrow rows of the second year and a straw-covered area on the wide rows of the second year.

[0056] (3) Deep plowing and rotary tillage were performed on the narrow rows in the second year in the area without straw cover. The depth of deep plowing was 35 cm and the depth of rotary tillage was 12 cm.

[0057] (4) In the spring of the second year, the strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying are carried out on the narrow rows of the second year using an integrated machine for strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the soil along with the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer and seeds at one time. The strip tillage depth is 12 cm. The low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied sideways at a depth of 6 cm from the seeds in the horizontal direction. The application depth of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is 8 cm, and the application rate is 25 kg / mu. The sowing depth is 3 cm. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the center line of the narrow row at a depth of 5 cm.

[0058] Topdressing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage and the trumpeting stage. The topdressing used in the jointing stage is high-nitrogen fertilizer, the topdressing used in the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer, and the topdressing used in the tasseling stage is high-potassium fertilizer. Precise water and fertilizer control is carried out 8 times during the corn growth period. The topdressing is applied by drip irrigation, with 4kg of fertilizer per mu each time.

[0059] (5) Harvest the corn in the autumn of the second year and repeat the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arrange new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, that is, form the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeat the operations of steps (2) and (3), use the wide rows of the third year as a seed bed for planting corn, and repeat the operation of step (4) to sow corn.

[0060] (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern until the corn harvest is completed in the fifth year.

[0061] During the corn growing season, weeding and pest control are also carried out. Weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding. Pre-emergence weeding occurs within 1 to 3 days after sowing, before seedlings emerge, and the herbicides used are atrazine or acetochlor. Post-emergence weeding occurs when corn has 3 to 5 leaves, and weeds have 2 to 4 leaves, and the herbicides used are nicosulfuron or mesotrione. Weeding should be avoided during strong midday sunlight. Pest and disease control is achieved through foliar fertilizer spraying.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that step (2) is different, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0064] Specifically:

[0065] (1) A flat planting pattern of wide and narrow rows was adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 80 cm. In the autumn of the first year, corn was harvested, and the straw was crushed and evenly spread on the field to cover the surface, leaving the stubble. The water-retaining fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied on the surface at an application rate of 45 kg / mu.

[0066] (2) In the spring of the second year, before sowing corn, the straw and stubble on the surface of the ground are cleaned up, and new narrow rows are arranged on the wide rows of the first year, forming the narrow rows of the second year and the wide rows of the second year.

[0067] (3) Deep plowing and rotary tillage are performed on the narrow rows in the second year. The depth of deep plowing is 30 cm and the depth of rotary tillage is 12 cm.

[0068] (4) In the spring of the second year, the strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying are carried out on the narrow rows of the second year using an integrated machine for strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the soil along with the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer and seeds at one time. The strip tillage depth is 12 cm. The low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied sideways at a depth of 6 cm from the seeds in the horizontal direction. The application depth of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is 8 cm, and the application rate is 25 kg / mu. The sowing depth is 3 cm. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the center line of the narrow row at a depth of 5 cm.

[0069] Topdressing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage and the trumpeting stage. The topdressing used in the jointing stage is high-nitrogen fertilizer, the topdressing used in the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer, and the topdressing used in the tasseling stage is high-potassium fertilizer. Precise water and fertilizer control is carried out 8 times during the corn growth period. The topdressing is applied by drip irrigation, with 4kg of fertilizer per mu each time.

[0070] (5) Harvest the corn in the autumn of the second year and repeat the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arrange new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, that is, form the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeat the operations of steps (2) and (3), use the wide rows of the third year as a seed bed for planting corn, and repeat the operation of step (4) to sow corn.

[0071] (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern until the corn harvest is completed in the fifth year.

[0072] During the corn growing period, weeding and pest control are also included; weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding;

[0073] Pre-emergence weeding occurs within 1 to 3 days after sowing, before seedlings emerge. Use atrazine or acetochlor for herbicides. Post-emergence weeding occurs when corn leaves are 3 to 5, and weeds are 2 to 4 leaves. Use nicosulfuron or mesotrione for herbicides. Avoid weeding during strong midday sunlight. Foliar fertilizer sprays can be used to control pests and diseases.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The difference from Example 1 is that the bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is replaced with an equal amount of humic acid, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0076] The preparation of the water-retaining fertilizer used in this comparative example is specifically as follows: prepare 60 parts of basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 17 parts of humic acid and 3 parts of sodium polyacrylate; mix the basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, humic acid and sodium polyacrylate according to the above amounts to obtain a water-retaining fertilizer, which is set aside.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] The difference from Example 1 is that the sodium polyacrylate in the water-retaining fertilizer is omitted, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0079] The preparation of the water-retaining fertilizer used in this comparative example is specifically as follows: prepare 60 parts of basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 5 parts of humic acid and 12 parts of bentonite; mix the basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, humic acid and bentonite according to the above amounts to obtain a water-retaining fertilizer, which is set aside.

[0080] Comparative Example 4

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that step (4) is different, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0082] Specifically:

[0083] (1) A flat planting pattern of wide and narrow rows was adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 80 cm. In the autumn of the first year, corn was harvested, and the straw was crushed and evenly spread on the field to cover the surface, leaving the stubble. The water-retaining fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied on the surface at an application rate of 45 kg / mu.

[0084] (2) In the spring of the second year, before corn is sown, new narrow rows are formed on the wide rows of the first year using a strip tiller. The narrow rows of the previous year are left fallow in situ, and the surface is covered with corn straw and stubble from the previous year to serve as the wide rows of the second year. The straw and stubble on the narrow rows of the second year are evenly spread onto the wide rows of the second year through straw return and strip tillage, forming a straw-free area on the narrow rows of the second year and a straw-covered area on the wide rows of the second year.

[0085] (3) Deep plowing and rotary tillage were performed on the narrow rows in the second year in the area without straw cover. The depth of deep plowing was 30 cm and the depth of rotary tillage was 12 cm.

[0086] (4) In the spring of the second year, strip tillage, fertilization and sowing operations are carried out on the narrow rows of the second year, and low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer and seeds are shallowly buried in the soil at one time; the strip tillage depth is 12 cm; low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied sideways, 6 cm away from the seeds in the horizontal direction, the fertilization depth of low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, high-potassium compound fertilizer is 8 cm, and the application amount is 25 kg / mu; the sowing depth is 3 cm.

[0087] Topdressing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage and the trumpeting stage. The topdressing used in the jointing stage is high-nitrogen fertilizer, the topdressing used in the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer, and the topdressing used in the tasseling stage is high-potassium fertilizer. Precise water and fertilizer control is carried out 8 times during the corn growth period. The topdressing method is irrigation, with 10kg / mu of fertilizer applied each time.

[0088] (5) Harvest the corn in the autumn of the second year and repeat the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arrange new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, that is, form the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeat the operations of steps (2) and (3), use the wide rows of the third year as a seed bed for planting corn, and repeat the operation of step (4) to sow corn.

[0089] (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern until the corn harvest is completed in the fifth year.

[0090] During the corn growing period, weeding and pest control are also included; weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding;

[0091] Pre-emergence weeding occurs within 1 to 3 days after sowing, before seedlings emerge. Use atrazine or acetochlor for herbicides. Post-emergence weeding occurs when corn leaves are 3 to 5, and weeds are 2 to 4 leaves. Use nicosulfuron or mesotrione for herbicides. Avoid weeding during strong midday sunlight. Foliar fertilizer sprays can be used to control pests and diseases.

[0092] Comparative Example 5

[0093] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of water-retaining fertilizer is omitted, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0094] Specifically:

[0095] (1) A flat planting pattern of wide and narrow rows was adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 80 cm. In the autumn of the first year, the corn was harvested and the straw was crushed and evenly spread on the field to cover the surface, with the root stubble retained.

[0096] (2) In the spring of the second year, before corn is sown, new narrow rows are formed on the wide rows of the first year using a strip tiller. The narrow rows of the previous year are left fallow in situ, and the surface is covered with corn straw and stubble from the previous year to serve as the wide rows of the second year. The straw and stubble on the narrow rows of the second year are evenly spread onto the wide rows of the second year through straw return and strip tillage, forming a straw-free area on the narrow rows of the second year and a straw-covered area on the wide rows of the second year.

[0097] (3) Deep plowing and rotary tillage were performed on the narrow rows in the second year in the area without straw cover. The depth of deep plowing was 30 cm and the depth of rotary tillage was 12 cm.

[0098] (4) In the spring of the second year, the strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying are carried out on the narrow rows of the second year using an integrated machine for strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the soil along with the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer and seeds at one time. The strip tillage depth is 12 cm. The low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied sideways at a depth of 6 cm from the seeds in the horizontal direction. The application depth of the low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer is 8 cm, and the application rate is 25 kg / mu. The sowing depth is 3 cm. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the center line of the narrow row at a depth of 5 cm.

[0099] Topdressing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage and the trumpeting stage. The topdressing used in the jointing stage is high-nitrogen fertilizer, the topdressing used in the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer, and the topdressing used in the tasseling stage is high-potassium fertilizer. Precise water and fertilizer control is carried out 8 times during the corn growth period. The topdressing is applied by drip irrigation, with 4kg of fertilizer per mu each time.

[0100] (5) Harvest the corn in the autumn of the second year and repeat the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arrange new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, that is, form the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeat the operations of steps (2) and (3), use the wide rows of the third year as a seed bed for planting corn, and repeat the operation of step (4) to sow corn.

[0101] (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern until the corn harvest is completed in the fifth year.

[0102] During the corn growing period, weeding and pest control are also included; weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding;

[0103] Pre-emergence weeding occurs within 1 to 3 days after sowing, before seedlings emerge. Use atrazine or acetochlor for herbicides. Post-emergence weeding occurs when corn leaves are 3 to 5, and weeds are 2 to 4 leaves. Use nicosulfuron or mesotrione for herbicides. Avoid weeding during strong midday sunlight. Foliar fertilizer sprays can be used to control pests and diseases.

[0104] Effect test:

[0105] 1. The soil properties at different stages of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0106] Table 1 Soil properties at different stages of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 1, after omitting the covering effect of straw and stubble (Comparative Example 1), the nutrient of soil presents a trend of decreasing year by year, and this is because omitting the covering effect of straw and stubble after sowing can significantly reduce the water and fertilizer conservation capacity of soil, causing the nutrient of soil to present a trend of decreasing year by year. After regulating the component (Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3) of water-retaining fertilizer, the nutrient content of soil will be significantly lower than Example 1, and this is because humic acid, bentonite and sodium polyacrylate play obvious synergistic effect with straw, can significantly improve soil microecology, enhance water and fertilizer conservation capacity, improve soil aggregate stability, after omitting a certain component, the effectiveness of water-retaining fertilizer can be caused to reduce. Changing water and fertilizer management strategy (Comparative Example 4) also can significantly reduce the nutrient content of soil, and the mode of irrigating can also cause the waste of water resources in addition. After omitting the water-retaining fertilizer of the present invention (Comparative Example 5), the nutrients in the soil are significantly lower than those in Comparative Example 1, and show a decreasing trend year by year. This is because omitting the water-retaining fertilizer significantly reduces the effect of soil pretreatment (moisture conservation treatment), resulting in a significant decrease in soil nutrients compared to Comparative Example 1, and showing a decreasing trend year by year.

[0110] 2. Corn crop growth data and yield

[0111] (1) Growth data: After the corn matured in the fifth year, 15 corn plants were randomly harvested in each experimental area. The corn cobs and aboveground straw were harvested. The aboveground straw was taken and the fresh weight was weighed. The aboveground straw was then withered at 105°C and then dried at 85°C to constant weight. The dry weight was weighed. The fresh weight and dry weight were averaged, and the aboveground straw biomass was calculated. The corn cobs were air-dried, the dry weight of the corn cobs was weighed, and the corn cobs were threshed to obtain the number of kernels per ear. The weight of the obtained kernels was weighed to obtain the corn yield.

[0112] Corn yield, aboveground straw biomass, and number of kernels per ear were counted. The experiment was repeated three times, and the average results were taken. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0113] (2) Number of ears per mu: The number of ears per mu was measured 20 days after the corn tassel stage in the fifth year. Five representative sampling points (each sampling point area ≥ 10 m2) were selected in the field in an S-shaped or diagonal manner. 2 , each sampling point has the same area). Count all the ear-bearing plants in each sampling point (excluding empty stalks and invalid ears) and record the number of ears. Calculate the number of ears per mu according to the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] (3) Kernel weight: After the fifth year of corn maturity, 20 ears were randomly selected from each experimental plot, naturally air-dried to a moisture content of less than 14%, and the total kernel weight was weighed after threshing. The average kernel weight per ear was calculated. 1000 kernels were randomly weighed, repeated three times, and the average value (accurate to 0.1 g) was taken to obtain the thousand-kernel weight.

[0116] (2) Stress resistance test: The growth of corn in the fifth year was observed regularly and the lodging resistance rate of the crop was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0117] Table 2 Growth data and yield of corn crops

[0118]

[0119] As shown in Table 2, the method of the present invention can significantly increase corn crop yield. After omitting the mulching effect of straw and stubble (Comparative Example 1), adjusting the composition of the water-retaining fertilizer (Comparative Examples 2 and 3), changing the water and fertilizer management strategy (Comparative Example 4), and omitting the water-retaining fertilizer (Comparative Example 5), the growth of the corn crop deteriorated and the yield decreased due to the reduction of soil nutrients.

[0120] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0121] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A cultivation method based on alternating wide and narrow rows of corn to achieve windbreak and sand fixation and improve production capacity, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) In autumn, the straw is crushed and baled and transplanted to the field. The remaining straw and stubble are covered and returned to the field to retain water: a flat wide-narrow row planting pattern is adopted, with narrow rows of 40 cm and wide rows of 70-80 cm; in the autumn of the first year, the corn is harvested and the straw is crushed and baled and transplanted to the field at the same time. The remaining straw is covered on the surface, the stubble is retained, and water-retaining fertilizer is applied on the surface at an application rate of 40-50 kg / mu; The water-retaining fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 60-70 parts of basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of bentonite and 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate; (2) Row-collecting operation: In the spring of the second year, before corn is sown, new narrow rows are formed on the wide rows of the first year using a strip tiller. The narrow rows of the previous year are left fallow, and the surface is covered with corn straw and stubble from the previous year. These rows are used as wide rows of the second year. The straw and stubble on the narrow rows of the second year are evenly spread on the wide rows of the second year through straw-collecting and strip tillage, forming a straw-free area on the narrow rows of the second year and a straw-covered area on the wide rows of the second year. (3) Narrow row tillage: Tillage the narrow rows in the second year in the area without straw cover; (4) Narrow row sowing: In the second year, dense planting and precision sowing are carried out on narrow rows. The drip irrigation tape is shallowly buried in the soil along with the base fertilizer and seeds. Precision fertilizer flushing is carried out during the jointing stage, the tasseling stage, and the tasseling stage. (5) Harvesting corn in the autumn of the second year and repeating the operation of step (1); before sowing in the spring of the third year, arranging new wide rows on the narrow rows of the second year, i.e., forming the narrow rows of the third year and the wide rows of the third year, repeating the operations of steps (2) and (3), using the wide rows of the third year as seed beds for planting corn, and repeating the operation of step (4) to sow corn; (6) Repeat steps (1) to (5) to form a wide and narrow row alternating planting pattern.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The height of the stubble is 20 to 30 cm.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The preparation steps of the water-retaining fertilizer include: uniformly mixing basic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, humic acid, bentonite and sodium polyacrylate according to prescribed amounts to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The tillage includes deep loosening and rotary tillage.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein The depth of the deep tillage is 35 to 45 cm; the depth of the rotary tillage is 10 to 15 cm.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The dense planting and precision sowing operation is an integrated operation of strip tillage, fertilization, sowing and pipe laying; The depth of the strip tillage is 10 to 15 cm; the fertilization includes: applying base fertilizer sideways at a depth of 8 to 10 cm, with the base fertilizer being 5 to 8 cm away from the seeds in the horizontal direction; the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm; the pipe laying includes: shallowly burying the drip irrigation tape in the center line of the narrow row, with a burial depth of 3 to 5 cm.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The base fertilizer is a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus, and high-potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount is 25 to 30 kg per mu.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The topdressing fertilizer used during the jointing stage is high-nitrogen fertilizer; the topdressing fertilizer used during the trumpeting stage is balanced fertilizer; and the topdressing fertilizer used during the tasseling stage is high-potassium fertilizer.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The topdressing is applied by drip irrigation, with 3 to 5 kg of fertilizer per mu being applied each time.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein Weed control and pest and disease control are also included during the corn growing season.

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