Artificial soil suitable for building green plant landscape in deep underground space and preparation method of artificial soil

Abstract

The invention provides artificial soil suitable for building a green plant landscape in a deep underground space and a preparation method. The invention relates to artificial soil suitable for building a green plant landscape in a deep underground space. The artificial soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8-12 parts of crushed particles of garden wastes and 1-3 parts of a rotten fertilizer, a mixture of broken rock particles generated by deep underground space development, organic garden waste generated by plant growth, organic garbage compost generated by personnel life and the like forms a soil-like material, and the soil-like material has the characteristics of fluffy structure, air permeability, water permeability and certain water retention capacity, so that the resource utilization rate is increased, and the environment is protected. A sustainable growth matrix is provided for growth of plants in the deep underground space, and a feasible scheme is provided for solving the problem that no plant planting soil exists in the deep underground space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground space utilization, and particularly relates to an artificial soil suitable for creating green plant landscapes in deep underground spaces and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Underground spaces are relatively dark, enclosed, and have poor air circulation. Deep underground spaces (e.g., below 50 meters underground) lack natural light and contact with the natural environment, often leaving people feeling negative and lost. Introducing plants into various underground spaces can both create compartmentalized spaces and improve the quality of the underground environment, mitigating its negative physiological and psychological impacts. Due to the lack of suitable soil for plant growth in deep underground spaces, planting soil must be supplemented from the surface or artificially prepared using substrate soil.

[0003] The use of surface planting soil or artificially prepared matrix soil in deep underground spaces has the following disadvantages:

[0004] (1) The initial transportation cost and long-term replenishment economics of transporting large amounts of soil vertically from the surface to deep underground space are poor, and the surface soil may contain pathogens, insect eggs, or pollutants;

[0005] (2) Artificial preparation using matrix soil requires the purchase of inorganic matrices such as expanded clay, perlite, and vermiculite, as well as organic matrices such as peat, coconut coir / coconut shell, and organic fertilizer. The material cost is much higher than that of natural soil.

[0006] Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out in-situ improvement of the waste generated by the development of deep underground space to form artificial soil suitable for the cultivation of green plants in deep underground space. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an artificial soil and a preparation method suitable for creating green landscapes in deep underground spaces, which is based on in-situ improvement of waste generated by deep underground space development.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: artificial soil suitable for creating green plant landscapes in deep underground spaces, comprising the following components in parts by mass:

[0009] 8 to 12 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts of compost.

[0010] Furthermore, the artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space further includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0011] 1 to 3 parts starch.

[0012] Furthermore, the artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space further includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0013] 0.2 to 0.3 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0015] 10 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts of crushed particles of garden waste, 2 parts of compost, 2 parts of starch, and 0.25 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

[0016] Furthermore, the water absorbing and retaining material is carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0017] Furthermore, the artificial soil structure skeleton particles include three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6mm, 0.6-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm respectively; the mass ratio of the three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6mm, 0.6-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm is 1:4:5.

[0018] Furthermore, the crushed particles of the garden waste are crushed particles obtained after the garden waste is crushed by a crusher, and are elongated or irregular polygonal in shape, with the maximum side length controlled to be less than 10 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the compost is an odorless compost formed by composting and mature processing of organic waste using aerobic composting technology.

[0020] A method for preparing artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground spaces comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1: The crushed rocks generated by underground space development are mechanically crushed and graded using a sand making machine to produce crushed rock particles with three particle size ranges of ≤0.6mm, 0.6-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm as the artificial soil structure skeleton particles;

[0022] S2, crushed particles obtained after garden waste is crushed by a crusher, with the maximum side length controlled to be less than 10 mm;

[0023] S3, using aerobic composting technology to compost and mature the organic waste in the deep underground space to form odorless compost with high fulvic acid content;

[0024] S4, preparing artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω by using 8-12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8-12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, 1-3 parts by mass of compost, 1-3 parts by mass of starch, and 0.2-0.3 parts by mass of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials;

[0025] S5, taking 8 to 12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts by mass of compost, mixing and stirring uniformly to form an artificial soil matrix;

[0026] S6, taking 1 to 3 parts by mass of starch and adding it to an equal amount of water, completely immersing the starch and stirring evenly to form a starch slurry, then heating the starch slurry to 70°C and maintaining a constant temperature, and continuously stirring until a gelatinized starch is formed;

[0027] S7, taking 0.2 to 0.3 parts by mass of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material and adding it to a fixed amount of water to prepare a water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution;

[0028] S8, mixing the gelatinized starch and the artificial soil matrix uniformly, spraying the water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution during the mixing process to fully mix the artificial soil matrix, the gelatinized starch, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining material, and finally preparing an artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω.

[0029] Furthermore, in said S7, the amount of water added M 6-2 Determined according to the design moisture content ω:

[0030] M 6-2 =[(M1+M2+M3+M4+M5)×ω]-M 6-1 ;

[0031] Where M1 is the mass of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles, M2 is the mass of the crushed particles of garden waste, M3 is the mass of the compost, M4 is the mass of starch, M5 is the water absorption and water retention material, and M 6-1 is the mass of water added in S6.

[0032] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0033] The present invention forms a more "earth-like" material from a mixture of broken rock particles produced by the development of deep underground spaces, organic garden waste produced by plant growth, and organic garbage compost produced by human life. The material has the characteristics of "fluffy structure, air permeability and water permeability, and a certain water retention capacity". It not only improves resource utilization, but also provides a sustainable growth matrix for plant growth in deep underground spaces, providing a feasible solution to the problem of lack of soil for plant cultivation in deep underground spaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground spaces according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 21 and 2 are curves showing the change of moisture content of artificial soil over time in two embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention, its application, or use. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to make the present invention thorough and complete and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as being merely exemplary and not as limiting.

[0037] The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are simply used to distinguish different parts. Terms such as "include" or "comprising" mean that the elements preceding the term include the elements listed after the term, and do not exclude the possibility of also including other elements. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space in this embodiment includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0039] 8 to 12 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts of compost.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the artificial soil matrix is composed of artificial soil framework particles, crushed garden waste particles, and compost. The artificial soil framework particles primarily serve as the structural framework of the artificial soil and improve the air permeability of the artificial soil. The crushed garden waste particles primarily serve to improve the air permeability and water retention of the artificial soil, as well as to increase the organic matter content of the artificial soil. The crushed garden waste particles are then decomposed by microorganisms and converted into humus and nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). The compost primarily serves to increase the humus and nitrogen content of the artificial soil, promote the growth and activity of microorganisms, and increase the biodiversity of the artificial soil.

[0041] The ratio of the components in the artificial soil matrix in the above embodiment was determined through plant cultivation experiments. The artificial soil structure skeleton particles, crushed garden waste particles, and compost were mixed in a certain mass ratio and stirred evenly to form an artificial soil matrix. The prepared artificial soil matrix was placed in a cylindrical mold with a diameter of 20 mm and a height of 20 mm, and plant seedlings or plant seeds (such as iris seedlings or tall fescue seeds) were transplanted. The plants were watered regularly and their growth was observed. The plant cultivation experiment lasted for no less than 30 days, and then indicators such as plant height, chlorophyll content, and root length were measured to evaluate the quality of the artificial soil matrix with different component ratios. The ratio of the soil matrix was determined to include, by weight, 8-12 parts of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8-12 parts of the crushed garden waste particles, and 1-3 parts of the compost. Preferably, the ratio of the soil matrix, by weight, includes 10 parts of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts of the crushed garden waste particles, and 2 parts of the compost.

[0042] In some embodiments, the artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground spaces further includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0043] 1 to 3 parts starch.

[0044] The role of starch is to enhance the bonding force between the crushed rock particles and the crushed particles of garden waste in the short term after gelatinization, and it also has a water retention function.

[0045] Since gelatinized starch mainly enhances the bonding force between the crushed rock particles and the crushed garden waste particles, a hand-crushing method can be used to determine whether the starch addition ratio in the artificial soil matrix meets the requirements. Starch is added according to the total mass ratio of the structural framework particles and the crushed garden waste particles in the artificial soil matrix, for example, 1 / 20, 2 / 20, 3 / 20, 4 / 20, 5 / 20, 6 / 20, etc. First, the starch is gelatinized by placing the starch into an equal mass of ordinary tap water or groundwater to completely soak the starch and stir it evenly to form a starch slurry. The starch slurry is then heated to 70°C and maintained constant, with continuous stirring until a gelatinized starch is formed. The gelatinized starch is then mixed with the artificial soil structural framework particles, the crushed garden waste particles, and the compost and stirred evenly. A handful of the mixture of gelatinized starch, the artificial soil structural framework particles, the crushed garden waste particles, and the compost is grasped by hand and squeezed into a ball. If the mixture remains in a ball after the hand is released, the requirements are met. The same method is used to knead a mixture of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, crushed garden waste particles, compost and an appropriate amount of water into a ball, which falls apart when the hands are released; the amount of starch added is determined to be 1 to 3 parts by mass; preferably, the amount of starch added is 2 parts by mass.

[0046] In some embodiments, the artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground spaces further includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0047] 0.2 to 0.3 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

[0048] The main function of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material is to improve the water-retaining performance of the artificial soil. Its decomposition speed is slower than that of gelatinized starch, and it can provide a certain enhancement effect on the bonding force between the crushed rock particles and the crushed particles of the garden waste in the medium and long term. The water-absorbing and water-retaining material is preferably a biodegradable water-absorbing and water-retaining material.

[0049] Since the primary function of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material is to improve the water-retention properties of the artificial soil, a moisture content test can be used to determine whether the addition amount of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material meets the requirements. The water-absorbing and water-retaining material is added based on the total weight of the ungelatinized industrial-grade starch in the artificial soil matrix, for example, 1 / 16, 1 / 8, 2 / 8, 3 / 8, 4 / 8, or 5 / 8. The artificial soil structural framework particles, crushed garden waste particles, compost, gelatinized starch, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining material are mixed, and then an appropriate amount of water is added to control the moisture content of the mixture to 70%. Experimental Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are set up based on the amount of water-absorbing and water-retaining material added. A control group is formed by adding an appropriate amount of water to the mixture of the artificial soil structural framework particles, crushed garden waste particles, and odorless compost, and the moisture content of the mixture is also controlled to 70%. Samples are taken from each experimental and control group, and the moisture content is measured daily. The moisture content test is conducted continuously for at least 7 days to generate a moisture content curve for each experimental and control group over time. Taking the control group as an example, a moisture content test was carried out continuously for 7 days. Considering that 3 samples were required for each moisture content test, 21 samples were taken, each weighing 50g. The samples were placed in a cool place to avoid direct sunlight, and 3 samples were taken every day for moisture content test; the amount of water-absorbing and water-retaining material added was determined to be 0.2 to 0.3 parts by mass; preferably, the amount of water-absorbing and water-retaining material added was 0.25 parts by mass.

[0050] That is, the above embodiment provides an artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space, which includes the following components in parts by mass:

[0051] 10 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts of crushed particles of garden waste, 2 parts of compost, 2 parts of starch, and 0.25 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

[0052] In the above embodiment, the water absorbing and retaining material is carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0053] As a specific embodiment of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles in the above embodiment, the artificial soil structure skeleton particles include three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6 mm, 0.6-2.36 mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm, respectively; the mass ratio of the three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6 mm, 0.6-2.36 mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm, respectively, is 1:4:5.

[0054] As a specific implementation method of the crushed particles of garden waste in the above embodiment, the crushed particles of garden waste are crushed particles obtained after the garden waste is crushed by a crusher, and are slender or irregular polygonal in shape, with the maximum side length controlled to be less than 10 mm; the garden waste includes bark, dead branches and leaves, tree and shrub prunings, etc.

[0055] As a specific implementation method of the compost in the above embodiment, the compost is an odorless compost formed by composting and composting organic waste using aerobic composting technology; the sources of the organic waste mainly include food waste, excrement generated by people living in deep underground spaces, and fallen leaves of trees and shrubs, dead grass, etc. in garden waste; specific aerobic composting technology can refer to an organic waste composting aerobic fermentation agent and fermentation method disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application document with publication number CN118344193A, an organic waste aerobic fermentation method disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application document with publication number CN118184409A, and a secondary composting method for food waste disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application document with publication number CN118026743A.

[0056] In the above embodiment, the starch can be industrial grade starch.

[0057] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space is disclosed, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1: The crushed rocks generated by underground space development are mechanically crushed and graded using a sand making machine to produce crushed rock particles with three particle size ranges of ≤0.6mm, 0.6-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm as the artificial soil structure skeleton particles;

[0059] S2, crushed particles obtained after garden waste is crushed by a crusher, with the maximum side length controlled to be less than 10 mm;

[0060] S3, using aerobic composting technology to compost and mature the organic waste in the deep underground space to form odorless compost with high fulvic acid content;

[0061] S4, preparing artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω by using 8-12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8-12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, 1-3 parts by mass of compost, 1-3 parts by mass of starch, and 0.2-0.3 parts by mass of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials;

[0062] S5, taking 8 to 12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts by mass of compost, mixing and stirring uniformly to form an artificial soil matrix;

[0063] S6, taking 1 to 3 parts by mass of starch and adding it to an equal amount of water, completely immersing the starch and stirring evenly to form a starch slurry, then heating the starch slurry to 70°C and maintaining a constant temperature, and continuously stirring until a gelatinized starch is formed;

[0064] S7, taking 0.2 to 0.3 parts by mass of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material and adding it to a fixed amount of water to prepare a water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution;

[0065] S8, mixing the gelatinized starch and the artificial soil matrix uniformly, spraying the water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution during the mixing process to fully mix the artificial soil matrix, the gelatinized starch, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining material, and finally preparing an artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω.

[0066] In the above embodiment, in S7, the amount of water added M 6-2 Determined according to the design moisture content ω:

[0067] M 6-2 =[(M1+M2+M3+M4+M5)×ω]-M 6-1 ;

[0068] Where M1 is the mass of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles, M2 is the mass of the crushed particles of garden waste, M3 is the mass of the compost, M4 is the mass of starch, M5 is the water absorption and water retention material, and M 6-1 is the mass of water added in S6.

[0069] As a specific method of using the artificial soil in the above embodiment, the prepared artificial soil is transported to a designated location as a cultivation medium for green plants, and the plants are subsequently cultivated according to demand.

[0070] In the above embodiment, the crushed stone produced by the development of the underground space also includes gravel; the water used in S6 and S7 is tap water or groundwater.

[0071] An artificial soil with a designed moisture content of ω=70% was prepared by adding 10 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, 2 parts by mass of compost, 2 parts by mass of starch, and 0.25 parts by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose. An artificial soil without starch or carboxymethyl cellulose and with a designed moisture content of ω=70% was prepared by adding 10 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, and 2 parts by mass of compost. A moisture content experiment was conducted for 7 days, with the moisture content measured once a day. The time-varying curves of the moisture content in the two cases were obtained, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0072] Thus far, various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of the present invention, some details well known in the art have not been described. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein.

[0073] The above-described embodiments represent only some embodiments of the present invention. Although the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the scope of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. An artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space, characterized in that: The composition includes the following components in parts by mass: 8 to 12 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts of compost.

2. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes the following components by mass: 1 to 3 parts starch.

3. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes the following components by mass: 0.2 to 0.3 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

4. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composition includes the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 10 parts of crushed particles of garden waste, 2 parts of compost, 2 parts of starch, and 0.25 parts of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials.

5. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 3 is characterized by: The water absorbing and retaining material is carboxymethyl cellulose.

6. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial soil structure skeleton particles include three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6 mm, 0.6-2.36 mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm, respectively; the mass ratio of the three types of crushed rock particles with particle sizes of ≤0.6 mm, 0.6-2.36 mm, and 2.36-4.75 mm is 1:4:

5.

7. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverized particles of the garden waste are obtained by pulverizing the garden waste in a pulverizer, are elongated or irregular polygonal in shape, and have a maximum side length of less than 10 mm.

8. The artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 1 is characterized by: The compost is an odorless compost formed by composting and maturely treating organic waste using aerobic composting technology.

9. A method for preparing artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The crushed rocks generated by underground space development are mechanically crushed and graded using a sand making machine to produce crushed rock particles with three particle size ranges of ≤0.6mm, 0.6-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm as the artificial soil structure skeleton particles; S2, crushed particles obtained after garden waste is crushed by a crusher, with the maximum side length controlled to be less than 10 mm; S3, using aerobic composting technology to compost and mature the organic waste in the deep underground space to form odorless compost with high fulvic acid content; S4, preparing artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω by using 8-12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8-12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, 1-3 parts by mass of compost, 1-3 parts by mass of starch, and 0.2-0.3 parts by mass of water-absorbing and water-retaining materials; S5, taking 8 to 12 parts by mass of artificial soil structure skeleton particles, 8 to 12 parts by mass of crushed garden waste particles, and 1 to 3 parts by mass of compost, mixing and stirring uniformly to form an artificial soil matrix; S6, taking 1 to 3 parts by mass of starch and adding it to an equal amount of water, completely immersing the starch and stirring evenly to form a starch slurry, then heating the starch slurry to 70°C and maintaining a constant temperature, and continuously stirring until a gelatinized starch is formed; S7, taking 0.2 to 0.3 parts by mass of the water-absorbing and water-retaining material and adding it to a fixed amount of water to prepare a water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution; S8, mixing the gelatinized starch and the artificial soil matrix uniformly, spraying the water-absorbing and water-retaining material solution during the mixing process to fully mix the artificial soil matrix, the gelatinized starch, and the water-absorbing and water-retaining material, and finally preparing an artificial soil with a designed moisture content ω.

10. The method for preparing artificial soil suitable for creating green landscape in deep underground space according to claim 9, characterized in that: In said S7, the amount of water added M 6-2 Determined according to the design moisture content ω: M 6-2 =[(M1+M2+M3+M4+M5)×ω]-M 6-1 ; Where M1 is the mass of the artificial soil structure skeleton particles, M2 is the mass of the crushed particles of garden waste, M3 is the mass of the compost, M4 is the mass of starch, M5 is the water absorption and water retention material, and M 6-1 is the mass of water added in S6.

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