A five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between dual optical paths

Abstract

The present invention discloses a five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between dual optical paths, belonging to the field of laser processing technology. The following scheme is proposed, which includes a machine tool bed, wherein two X-axis movable linear motor guide rails are fixedly connected to the machine tool bed, an X-axis movable platform is installed above the X-axis movable linear motor guide rails, and a laser and a laser transmission optical path component are fixedly installed above the X-axis movable platform; the present invention can smoothly transmit laser light to the processing head component through the laser transmission optical path component, which is convenient for laser processing operations, and the swing component can drive the slide to slide left and right, so that the slide can switch the positions of the first dichroic mirror and the second dichroic mirror left and right, and thus can flexibly change the position of the laser transmission point, so that the laser five-axis processing equipment can achieve easy, seamless and efficient switching when dealing with large-area galvanometer processing needs and small-area precision etching tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths. Background Art

[0002] Laser processing is a field with the fastest development and widest application in laser application technology. Currently, more than 20 laser processing technologies have been developed. Compared with traditional mechanical processing methods, laser processing has incomparable advantages. Laser processing has the advantages of high processing precision, fast speed, small mechanical deformation, good flexibility and wide processing range.

[0003] Currently, five-axis laser processing equipment is widely used in the machining of large, complex, and precision workpieces, such as large-area texturing and small-area precision etching on large precision molds. Compared to existing equipment and methods, large-area texturing and small-area precision etching require two separate devices or two or even multiple process steps. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN219616976U discloses a high-speed five-axis laser processing device, which includes a body, a clamping system, and a laser processing system. However, a single five-axis laser processing device cannot simultaneously perform both large-area texturing and small-area precision structural etching on a workpiece. Application No. CN119016860A also discloses a multifunctional laser processing composite platform that achieves two types of multi-axis processing by switching optical paths. However, the device's four-axis and five-axis processing areas are located on the front and rear sides of the top base. The separation of the two processing areas increases the time and cost of workpiece transfer, the overall size and footprint of the device, and the overall manufacturing cost. Furthermore, it is difficult to protect and cool the laser head when not in use.

[0004] In response to the above problems, the present invention document proposes a five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between dual optical paths. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the laser equipment in the prior art cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of a laser five-axis processing device for large-surface texturing and small-area precision structure etching of the workpiece. Although a small number of multi-axis processing methods are realized by switching the optical path, the four-axis processing area and the five-axis processing area of ​​the device are arranged on the front and back sides of the top of the base. The separation of the two processing areas increases the time cost of workpiece transfer, the overall size and floor space of the equipment, and the overall manufacturing cost of the equipment. In addition, it is not convenient to protect and cool the laser head when it is not needed. A five-axis laser processing device with dual optical path switching is proposed.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A five-axis laser processing device capable of dual optical path switching includes a machine tool bed, to which two X-axis moving linear motor guide rails are fixedly connected, an X-axis moving platform is installed above the X-axis moving linear motor guide rails, and a laser and a laser transmission optical path component are fixedly installed above the X-axis moving platform;

[0008] A Z-axis ball screw motor and two Z-axis movable guide rails are provided on one side of the X-axis movable platform, and a Z-axis movable fixed plate is provided on the two Z-axis movable guide rails and the Z-axis ball screw motor. A Z-axis movable fixed plate is fixedly connected to the Z-axis movable fixed plate, and a DD motor with a brake is fixedly installed on the Z-axis adapter plate. A DD motor adapter plate is fixedly installed on one side of the DD motor with a brake, and a processing head assembly is connected to the DD motor adapter plate. A protective assembly and a swinging assembly are provided on the processing head assembly, and the swinging assembly drives the protective assembly to reciprocate.

[0009] Preferably, two Y-axis movable linear motor guide rails are fixedly installed on the machine tool bed, a processing platform is provided above the two Y-axis movable linear motor guide rails, and a DD motor structure is installed above the processing platform.

[0010] Preferably, the laser transmission optical path assembly includes a first reflector fixing frame, a first beam expander fixing frame, a second reflector fixing cover, an anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame, a third reflector fixing frame and a fourth reflector fixing frame, the first reflector fixing frame, the first beam expander fixing frame, the second reflector fixing cover, the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame, the third reflector fixing frame and the fourth reflector fixing frame are fixedly connected to the X-axis moving platform, the first beam expander fixing frame and the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame are both fixedly installed with an anti-light leakage sleeve, and one end of the upper anti-light leakage sleeve is fixedly installed with a first beam expander;

[0011] The first reflector fixing frame is fixedly mounted with a first reflector.

[0012] Preferably, a second reflector is fixedly connected to the second reflector fixing cover.

[0013] Preferably, the third reflector fixing frame is fixedly connected to a third reflector, and the fourth reflector fixing frame is fixedly connected to a fourth reflector.

[0014] Preferably, the laser light of the laser enters the processing head assembly after passing through the laser transmission optical path assembly;

[0015] The processing head assembly includes a processing cavity, which is arranged on the DD motor adapter plate. A three-dimensional galvanometer is fixedly connected to one side of the processing cavity, and a field mirror is fixedly connected below the three-dimensional galvanometer.

[0016] Preferably, a slide, a fifth reflector fixing frame and a second beam expander fixing frame are provided in the processing chamber, and a laser direct writing component is fixedly connected to the bottom of the processing chamber;

[0017] Side blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom of the processing cavity and the three-dimensional galvanometer, and the two side blocks are respectively located near the laser direct writing component and the field mirror.

[0018] Preferably, the slide is fixedly connected to a first dichroic mirror and a second dichroic mirror, the second beam expander is fixedly connected to the second beam expander fixing frame, and the fifth reflector is fixedly connected to the fifth reflector fixing frame.

[0019] Preferably, the protective assembly includes a bracket, both ends of which are fixedly connected to the processing chamber and the three-dimensional galvanometer, respectively; a movable sleeve and two sliding sleeves are slidably connected to the bracket; a CCD camera and a ranging positioning probe are fixedly mounted on the movable sleeve; a protective cover is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve; and a moisture absorbing layer and a heat pipe are provided on the protective cover;

[0020] Springs are fixedly connected to both sides of the bracket, and one end of the two springs is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve respectively.

[0021] Preferably, the swing assembly includes a motor, which is installed on the processing chamber through a fixed seat, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to a rocker arm, and both ends of the rocker arm are slidably provided with rocker shafts, and the two rocker shafts are respectively fixedly connected to the movable frame and the movable sleeve, and both ends of the movable frame are fixedly connected to guide sleeves, and the two guide sleeves are fixedly connected to the slide, and the guide sleeves are slidably connected to the guide rod, and the guide rod is fixedly connected in the processing chamber.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a five-axis laser processing device capable of dual optical path switching, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. This five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching can smoothly transmit the laser to the processing head assembly through the laser transmission optical path assembly, facilitating laser processing operations. The swing assembly can drive the slide to slide left and right, so that the slide can switch the positions of the first dichroic mirror and the second dichroic mirror left and right, and thus flexibly change the position of the laser transmission point. This enables the laser five-axis processing equipment to achieve easy, seamless and efficient switching when dealing with large-area galvanometer processing needs and small-area precision etching tasks.

[0024] 2. The five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching drives the swing shaft to swing through the swing assembly, so that the swing shaft drives the movable sleeve to move. The swing of the movable sleeve can switch and push the sliding sleeves on both sides, so that the two protective covers are switched and pushed. After switching, the other sliding sleeve is reset by the spring, so that the protective cover cooperates with the side block to switch and protect the field mirror and the laser direct writing component. Secondly, the protective cover and the side block are closed, so that the heat pipe can use its efficient thermal conductivity to timely discharge the heat generated by the field mirror and the laser direct writing component during operation, effectively play the heat dissipation function, and the moisture-absorbing layer can further absorb and remove moisture in the surrounding environment, carry out efficient dehumidification operations, and comprehensively guarantee the stable operation of the equipment.

[0025] 3. The five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching can drive the slide to switch left and right through the swing component, so as to switch the laser transmission point. At the same time, the swing component can drive the movable sleeve of the protective component to move, so that the slide switch can be promoted, and the laser direct writing component and the field mirror can be switched for protection. At the same time, the position of the ranging positioning probe and the CCD camera can be changed, so that the equipment can intelligently switch the ranging operation and the detection of the processing surface according to the actual laser processing position, ensuring that the accuracy and quality of the processing process are always within the controllable range. The biggest advantage of this design method is that the various structures are compactly connected and reasonably laid out to form an efficient and coordinated whole, and the operation process is coherent and smooth, without the need for additional complex equipment. While meeting diversified processing needs, it effectively reduces equipment costs and operation and maintenance difficulties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between two optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of a laser transmission optical path component of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the connection between a processing head subassembly and a protective assembly of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional view of a machining head assembly of a five-axis laser machining device capable of switching between two optical paths, as proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a top view of a processing head assembly of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A three-dimensional view of a processing chamber of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional top view of a three-dimensional galvanometer of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between two optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional view of the connection between the swing component and the protection component of the five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 A three-dimensional view of a pendulum arm of a five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a partial three-dimensional view of the protective component of a five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching proposed by the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Laser; 2. Laser transmission optical path assembly; 201. First reflector; 202. First reflector fixing bracket; 203. First beam expander; 204. First beam expander fixing bracket; 205. Second reflector fixing cover; 206. Second reflector; 207. Anti-light leakage sleeve fixing bracket; 208. Third reflector; 209. Third reflector fixing bracket; 210. Fourth reflector fixing bracket; 211. Fourth reflector; 212. Anti-light leakage sleeve; 3. Z-axis moving guide rail; 4. Z-axis ball screw motor; 5. Z-axis moving fixing plate; 6. Z-axis adapter plate; 7. DD motor with brake; 8. DD motor adapter plate; 9. Processing head assembly; 901. Processing chamber; 902. Side block; 903. Second dichroic mirror; 904. First dichroic mirror; 905. Slide; 9 06. Second beam expander fixing frame; 907. Second beam expander; 908. Fifth reflector fixing frame; 909. Fifth reflector; 910. Three-dimensional galvanometer; 911. Field mirror; 912. Laser direct writing assembly; 10. X-axis moving platform; 11. X-axis moving linear motor guide; 12. DD motor structure; 13. Machining platform; 14. Y-axis moving linear motor guide; 15. Machine tool bed; 16. Protection assembly; 161. Bracket; 162. Distance measurement and positioning probe; 163. Sliding sleeve; 164. Spring; 165. Protective cover; 166. Movable sleeve; 167. Moisture absorption layer; 168. Heat pipe; 169. CCD camera; 17. Swing assembly; 171. Motor; 172. Rocker arm; 173. Rocker shaft; 174. Movable frame; 175. Guide rod; 176. Guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0039] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 and Figure 9 , a five-axis laser processing equipment with dual optical path switching includes a machine tool bed 15, two Y-axis moving linear motor guides 14 are fixedly installed on the machine tool bed 15, and the Y-axis moving linear motor guide 14 can drive the processing platform 13 to achieve Y-axial movement, a processing platform 13 is arranged above the two Y-axis moving linear motor guides 14, and a DD motor structure 12 is installed above the processing platform 13, the DD motor structure 12 can achieve 360-degree rotation in the Z-axis direction, which is convenient for workpiece steering, and whether the DD motor structure 12 is needed can be selected according to the processing process requirements, two X-axis moving linear motor guides 11 are fixedly connected to the machine tool bed 15, and the X-axis moving linear motor guide 11 can drive the X-axis moving platform 10 to perform translation adjustment, an X-axis moving linear motor guide 11 is installed above the X-axis moving linear motor guide 11, and a laser 1 and a laser transmission optical path component 2 are fixedly installed above the X-axis moving platform 10, and the laser transmission optical path component 2 includes a first reflector fixing frame 202 and a first beam expander fixing frame 2 04, the second reflector fixing cover 205, the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame 207, the third reflector fixing frame 209 and the fourth reflector fixing frame 210, the first reflector fixing frame 202, the first beam expander fixing frame 204, the second reflector fixing cover 205, the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame 207, the third reflector fixing frame 209 and the fourth reflector fixing frame 210 are fixedly connected to the X-axis moving platform 10, and the first beam expander fixing frame 204 and the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame 207 are fixedly installed with the anti-light leakage sleeve 212 The anti-light leakage sleeve 212 can ensure that the laser passes through, and the anti-light leakage sleeve 212 can prevent the laser from leaking and causing safety accidents. One end of the upper anti-light leakage sleeve 212 is fixedly installed with the first beam expander 203, the first reflector fixing frame 202 is fixedly installed with the first reflector 201, the second reflector fixing cover 205 is fixedly connected with the second reflector 206, the third reflector fixing frame 209 is fixedly connected with the third reflector 208, and the fourth reflector fixing frame 210 is fixedly connected with the fourth reflector 211;

[0040] A Z-axis ball screw motor 4 and two Z-axis moving guide rails 3 are provided on one side of the X-axis moving platform 10. When the Z-axis ball screw motor 4 is energized, the Z-axis moving fixed plate 5 will slide up and down in the Z-axis direction. When the Z-axis moving fixed plate 5 moves up and down in the Z-axis direction, it can drive the DD motor 7 with a brake to move with it. The Z-axis moving guide rail 3 can play a guiding role to keep the Z-axis moving fixed plate 5 stably adjusted. A Z-axis moving fixed plate 5 is provided on the two Z-axis moving guide rails 3 and the Z-axis ball screw motor 4. A Z-axis adapter plate 6 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving fixed plate 5. A DD motor 7 with a brake is fixedly installed on the Z-axis adapter plate 6. Through the brake DD motor, it can move 360° along the Y-axis as the axis when energized. Steering is performed so that the laser five-axis processing equipment of the present invention can be stably and accurately perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece during the processing, and the processing head assembly 9 of the equipment can be stabilized in the event of a sudden power outage or emergency stop. A DD motor adapter plate 8 is fixedly installed on one side of the DD motor 7 with a brake, and the processing head assembly 9 is connected to the DD motor adapter plate 8. The laser of the laser 1 passes through the laser transmission optical path assembly 2 and enters the processing head assembly 9. The processing head assembly 9 includes a processing cavity 901, and the processing cavity 901 is set on the DD motor adapter plate 8. A three-dimensional galvanometer 910 is fixedly connected to one side of the processing cavity 901, and a field mirror 911 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the three-dimensional galvanometer 910. A slide 905 and a fifth reflector fixing frame 90 are provided in the processing cavity 901. 8 and the second beam expander fixing frame 906, a laser direct writing assembly 912 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the processing chamber 901, a first dichroic mirror 904 and a second dichroic mirror 903 are fixedly connected to the slide 905, a second beam expander 907 is fixedly connected to the second beam expander fixing frame 906, a fifth reflector fixing frame 908 is fixedly connected to the fifth reflector 909, side blocks 902 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the processing chamber 901 and the three-dimensional galvanometer 910, and the two side blocks 902 are respectively located near the laser direct writing assembly 912 and the field mirror 911. A protective assembly 16 and a swing assembly 17 are provided on the processing head assembly 9. The swing assembly 17 includes a motor 171, which is mounted on the processing chamber 901 through a fixed seat. The motor 17 1 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the pendulum rod 172. Openings are provided at both ends of the pendulum rod 172 so that the rotation of the pendulum rod 172 can provide activity space for the pendulum shaft 173 through the openings, so that the pendulum shaft 173 can smoothly perform translational motion. Pendulum shafts 173 are slidably provided at both ends of the pendulum rod 172. The two pendulum shafts 173 are fixedly connected to the movable frame 174 and the movable sleeve 166 respectively. The two ends of the movable frame 174 are fixedly connected to the guide sleeves 176. The two guide sleeves 176 are fixedly connected to the slide 905. The guide sleeves 176 are slidably connected to the guide rod 175. The guide sleeves 176 can be guided by the guide rod 175 to make the guide sleeves 176 slide stably. The guide rod 175 is fixedly connected to the processing chamber 901. The swing assembly 17 drives the protective assembly 16 to reciprocate.

[0041] In this embodiment: the laser can be smoothly transmitted to the processing head assembly 9 through the laser transmission optical path assembly 2, which is convenient for laser processing operations, and the motor 171 drives the rocker arm 172 to rotate, and the rocker arm 172 drives the rocker shaft 173 to move through the opening, so that the rocker shaft 173 drives the movable frame 174 and the guide sleeve 176 to move, and the guide sleeve 176 can drive the slide 905 to slide left and right, so that the slide 905 can switch the positions of the first dichroic mirror 904 and the second dichroic mirror 903 left and right, and thus can flexibly change the position of the laser transmission point, so that the laser five-axis processing equipment can achieve easy, seamless and efficient switching when dealing with large-area galvanometer processing needs and small-area precision etching tasks.

[0042] Example 2: Reference Figure 7-10 A five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between dual optical paths includes a protective component 16, which includes a bracket 161. The two ends of the bracket 161 are fixedly connected to the processing chamber 901 and the three-dimensional galvanometer 910 respectively. A movable sleeve 166 and two sliding sleeves 163 are slidably connected to the bracket 161. The movable sleeve 166 and the sliding sleeve 163 can be guided by the bracket 161 so that the sliding sleeve 163 and the movable sleeve 166 can slide smoothly along the bracket 161. A CCD camera 169 and a distance measuring and positioning probe 162 are fixedly installed on the movable sleeve 166. The distance measuring and positioning probe 162 can detect the distance between the processing head assembly 9 and the workpiece, thereby adjusting the height of the laser. Focusing, a protective cover 165 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 163, and the protective cover 165 is closed with the side block 902 to protect the field lens 911 and the laser direct writing assembly 912. A moisture-absorbing layer 167 and a heat pipe 168 are provided on the protective cover 165. The moisture-absorbing layer 167 can dehumidify, and the heat pipe 168 can conduct heat to facilitate heat dissipation. Springs 164 are fixedly connected to both sides of the bracket 161. The springs 164 drive the sliding sleeve 163 to reset, so that the sliding sleeve 163 can drive the protective cover 165 to reset, so that the protective cover 165 can automatically close with the side block 902. One end of the two springs 164 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 163 respectively;

[0043] The swing assembly 17 includes a motor 171, which is installed on the processing chamber 901 through a fixed seat. The output shaft of the motor 171 is fixedly connected to a rocker arm 172, and rocker shafts 173 are slidably provided at both ends of the rocker arm 172. The two rocker shafts 173 are respectively fixedly connected to a movable frame 174 and a movable sleeve 166. Both ends of the movable frame 174 are fixedly connected to a guide sleeve 176. The two guide sleeves 176 are fixedly connected to the slide 905. The guide sleeve 176 is slidably connected to the guide rod 175, and the guide rod 175 is fixedly connected in the processing chamber 901.

[0044] In this embodiment: the motor 171 drives the rocker arm 172 to rotate, and the rocker arm 172 drives the rocker shaft 173 to swing, so that the rocker shaft 173 drives the movable sleeve 166 to move, and the swing of the movable sleeve 166 can switch to push the sliding sleeves 163 on both sides, so that the two protective covers 165 switch and push. After switching, the other sliding sleeve 163 is reset by the spring 164, so that the protective cover 165 cooperates with the side block 902 to switch the protection of the field mirror 911 and the laser direct writing component 912. Secondly, the protective cover 165 and the side block 902 are closed, so that the heat pipe 168 can use its efficient heat conduction performance to timely discharge the heat generated by the field mirror 911 and the laser direct writing component 912 during operation, effectively play the heat dissipation function, and the moisture absorption layer 167 can further absorb and remove moisture in the surrounding environment, carry out efficient dehumidification operations, and comprehensively guarantee the stable operation of the equipment.

[0045] Example 3: Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 A five-axis laser processing device capable of dual optical path switching includes a machine tool bed 15, two X-axis moving linear motor guide rails 11 are fixedly connected to the machine tool bed 15, an X-axis moving platform 10 is installed above the X-axis moving linear motor guide rails 11, and a laser 1 and a laser transmission optical path component 2 are fixedly installed above the X-axis moving platform 10;

[0046] A Z-axis ball screw motor 4 and two Z-axis moving guide rails 3 are provided on one side of the X-axis moving platform 10. A Z-axis moving fixed plate 5 is provided on the two Z-axis moving guide rails 3 and the Z-axis ball screw motor 4. A Z-axis adapter plate 6 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving fixed plate 5. A DD motor 7 with a brake is fixedly installed on the Z-axis adapter plate 6. A DD motor adapter plate 8 is fixedly installed on one side of the DD motor 7 with a brake. A processing head assembly 9 is connected to the DD motor adapter plate 8. A protective assembly 16 and a swinging assembly 17 are provided on the processing head assembly 9. The swinging assembly 17 drives the protective assembly 16 to reciprocate.

[0047] In this embodiment: the swing component 17 can drive the slide 905 to switch left and right, so as to switch the laser transmission point. At the same time, the swing component 17 can drive the movable sleeve 166 of the protective component 16 to move, so that the slide 163 is switched and pushed, and the laser direct writing component 912 and the field lens 911 can be switched and protected. At the same time, the position of the ranging positioning probe 162 and the CCD camera 169 can be changed, so that the equipment can intelligently switch the ranging operation and the detection of the processing surface according to the actual laser processing position, ensuring that the accuracy and quality of the processing process are always within the controllable range. The biggest advantage of this design method is that the various structures are compactly connected and reasonably laid out to form an efficient and coordinated whole, and the operation process is coherent and smooth, without the need to add additional complex equipment. While meeting diversified processing needs, it effectively reduces equipment costs and operation and maintenance difficulties.

[0048] Working principle: During laser processing, the workpiece is placed on the processing platform 13, the laser 1 emits laser light, the first reflector 201 receives the laser light, and reflects the laser light through the anti-leakage sleeve 212 to the first beam expander 203. The first beam expander 203 reflects the laser light, penetrates the second reflector fixing cover 205, reaches the second reflector 206, and is reflected again through the anti-leakage sleeve 212 to the third reflector 208. The laser light is then reflected by the third reflector 208 to the fourth reflector 211.

[0049] When the process requires galvanometer processing, the motor 171 drives the swing rod 172 to swing, so that the swing rod 172 drives the swing shaft 173 to move through the opening, and the swing shaft 173 drives the movable frame 174 and the movable sleeve 166 to move. The movable sleeve 166 slides on the bracket 161 and pushes one of the sliding sleeves 163 to move. The sliding sleeve 163 drives the spring 164 to deform, and the sliding sleeve 163 drives the protective cover 165 to separate from the side block 902, so that the field mirror 911 is exposed, and the movable sleeve 166 drives the movable frame 174 to drive the guide sleeve 176 to move, so that the slide 905 drives the first dichroic mirror 904 to correspond to the fourth reflector 211. At this time, the laser reflected from the fourth reflector 211 will be incident on the first dichroic mirror 904 at 45 degrees, and the laser beam is reflected to the three-dimensional galvanometer 910. The laser beam emitted by the three-dimensional galvanometer 910 acts on the workpiece through the field lens 911 to realize galvanometer processing;

[0050] When the process requires laser direct writing, the motor 171 drives the rocker arm 172 to rotate, causing the movable sleeve 166 and the movable frame 174 to move in the opposite direction, so that the movable sleeve 166 moves away from the field mirror 911, thereby resetting the spring 164. The spring 164 drives the sliding sleeve 163 to reset, so that the protective cover 165 contacts the side block 902 to protect the field mirror 911. At the same time, the heat pipe 168 can guide the heat to dissipate outward, and the moisture-absorbing layer 167 performs dehumidification. The reverse movement of the movable frame 174 drives the movable frame 174 to move in the opposite direction. At this time, the laser reflected from the fourth reflector 211 will be incident on the second dichroic mirror 903 at 45°. When the laser is incident on the second dichroic mirror 903, the laser will pass through the second dichroic mirror 903 and be projected onto the second beam expander 907. It is then reflected by the fifth reflector 909 into the laser direct writing component 912, and the laser direct writing component 912 acts on the workpiece to realize laser direct writing.

[0051] During the laser processing process, the lens of the CCD camera 169 receives the light transmitted from the first dichroic mirror 904 and the second dichroic mirror 903. After the photosensitive target surface of the CCD camera 169 receives the illumination light information focused by the lens, real-time monitoring of the processing surface is realized, and the ranging positioning probe 162 detects the distance between the processing head assembly 9 and the workpiece.

[0052] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis laser processing device capable of switching between two optical paths, comprising a machine tool bed (15), characterized in that: Two X-axis moving linear motor guide rails (11) are fixedly connected to the machine tool bed (15); an X-axis moving platform (10) is installed above the X-axis moving linear motor guide rails (11); and a laser (1) and a laser transmission optical path component (2) are fixedly installed above the X-axis moving platform (10); A Z-axis ball screw motor (4) and two Z-axis moving guide rails (3) are provided on one side of the X-axis moving platform (10); a Z-axis moving fixed plate (5) is provided on the two Z-axis moving guide rails (3) and the Z-axis ball screw motor (4); a Z-axis adapter plate (6) is fixedly connected to the Z-axis moving fixed plate (5); a DD motor with a brake (7) is fixedly installed on the Z-axis adapter plate (6); a DD motor adapter plate (8) is fixedly installed on one side of the DD motor with a brake (7); a processing head assembly (9) is connected to the DD motor adapter plate (8); a protective assembly (16) and a swing assembly (17) are provided on the processing head assembly (9); the swing assembly (17) drives the protective assembly (16) to reciprocate; The protective assembly (16) includes a bracket (161), two ends of the bracket (161) are fixedly connected to the processing chamber (901) and the three-dimensional galvanometer (910), respectively; a movable sleeve (166) and two sliding sleeves (163) are slidably connected to the bracket (161); a CCD camera (169) and a ranging positioning probe (162) are fixedly mounted on the movable sleeve (166); a protective cover (165) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (163); and a moisture absorbing layer (167) and a heat pipe (168) are provided on the protective cover (165); Both sides of the bracket (161) are fixedly connected with springs (164), and one end of the two springs (164) is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve (163) respectively; The swing assembly (17) includes a motor (171), the motor (171) is mounted on the processing chamber (901) through a fixed seat, the output shaft of the motor (171) is fixedly connected to a swing rod (172), both ends of the swing rod (172) are slidably provided with swing shafts (173), the two swing shafts (173) are fixedly connected to a movable frame (174) and a movable sleeve (166), respectively, both ends of the movable frame (174) are fixedly connected to guide sleeves (176), the two guide sleeves (176) are fixedly connected to the slide (905), the guide sleeves (176) are slidably connected to the guide rod (175), and the guide rod (175) is fixedly connected in the processing chamber (901).

2. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two Y-axis moving linear motor guide rails (14) are fixedly installed on the machine tool bed (15), a processing platform (13) is arranged above the two Y-axis moving linear motor guide rails (14), and a DD motor structure (12) is installed above the processing platform (13).

3. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser transmission optical path assembly (2) comprises a first reflector fixing frame (202), a first beam expander fixing frame (204), a second reflector fixing cover (205), an anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame (207), a third reflector fixing frame (209) and a fourth reflector fixing frame (210); the first reflector fixing frame (202), the first beam expander fixing frame (204), the second reflector fixing cover (205), the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame (207), the third reflector fixing frame (209) and the fourth reflector fixing frame (210) are fixedly connected to the X-axis moving platform (10); the first beam expander fixing frame (204) and the anti-light leakage sleeve fixing frame (207) are both fixedly mounted with an anti-light leakage sleeve (212); and one end of the upper anti-light leakage sleeve (212) is fixedly mounted with the first beam expander (203); The first reflector fixing frame (202) is fixedly mounted with a first reflector (201).

4. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second reflector (206) is fixedly connected to the second reflector fixing cover (205).

5. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third reflector fixing frame (209) is fixedly connected to a third reflector (208), and the fourth reflector fixing frame (210) is fixedly connected to a fourth reflector (211).

6. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser light of the laser (1) passes through the laser transmission optical path component (2) and then enters the processing head component (9); The processing head assembly (9) comprises a processing cavity (901), the processing cavity (901) being arranged on a DD motor adapter plate (8), a three-dimensional galvanometer (910) being fixedly connected to one side of the processing cavity (901), and a field mirror (911) being fixedly connected below the three-dimensional galvanometer (910).

7. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 6, characterized in that: A slide (905), a fifth reflector fixing frame (908), and a second beam expander fixing frame (906) are provided in the processing chamber (901), and a laser direct writing assembly (912) is fixedly connected below the processing chamber (901); Side blocks (902) are fixedly connected below the processing chamber (901) and the three-dimensional galvanometer mirror (910), and the two side blocks (902) are respectively located near the laser direct writing component (912) and the field mirror (911).

8. The five-axis laser processing equipment capable of switching between two optical paths according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first dichroic mirror (904) and a second dichroic mirror (903) are fixedly connected to the slide (905), a second beam expander (907) is fixedly connected to the second beam expander fixing frame (906), and a fifth reflector (909) is fixedly connected to the fifth reflector fixing frame (908).

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