Water-jet-guided laser cutting device and water-jet-guided laser cutting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-jet-guided laser cutting device and a water-jet-guided laser cutting method.The water-jet-guided laser cutting device comprises a mounting base, a laser adjustable collimation assembly, a focus lens assembly, a coupling assembly and a visual monitoring assembly, the mounting base comprises three mounting parts, a first reflector is arranged in the first mounting part, and a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror is arranged in the second mounting part; a second reflecting mirror is arranged in the third mounting part; the parallel laser beams are transmitted to the focus lens assembly through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, and the transmission path of the parallel laser beams can be changed by adjusting the angle of the second reflecting mirror; a light source of the visual monitoring assembly is transmitted to the focus lens assembly through the first reflecting mirror, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and the second reflecting mirror, and the irradiation light path of the light source irradiating the focus lens assembly can be changed by adjusting the angle of the first reflecting mirror. The parallel three-axis layout is adopted, the position of the coupling assembly does not need to be adjusted when the view field of the visual monitoring assembly or the position of a laser spot is adjusted, and the stability of the coupling state can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water-guided laser technology, and in particular to a water-guided laser cutting device and a water-guided laser cutting method. Background Art

[0002] Water-guided laser machining (WLM) involves coupling a high-power pulsed laser beam into a water jet and applying it to the workpiece surface. Due to its advantages, such as high precision, deep focus, burr-free processing, wide applicability, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency, WLM technology is attracting increasing attention.

[0003] The layout of existing water-guided laser cutting heads typically places a visual mechanism and a laser alignment mechanism adjacent to each other at the upper end of the mounting base, while a focusing mechanism and a coupling mechanism are located at the lower end, connected to each other. To ensure smooth laser beam entry into the coupling mechanism, an xy adjustment mechanism is typically installed between the coupling and focusing mechanisms to adjust the coupling mechanism's position. The disadvantages of this layout include slow adjustment efficiency, the overall weight of the water-guided laser cutting head, and frequent movement of the coupling mechanism, which degrades the coupling stability and thus affects the coupling between the laser beam and the water beam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing water-guided laser cutting head has an unreasonable structural layout of functional components, which leads to slow adjustment efficiency and poor coupling state stability.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a water-guided laser cutting device and a water-guided laser cutting method, which can improve the adjustment efficiency and the stability of the coupling state.

[0006] A water-guided laser cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: A mounting base, the mounting base comprising: a first mounting portion, a second mounting portion, and a third mounting portion, wherein the second mounting portion is located between the first mounting portion and the third mounting portion; an adjustable laser collimation assembly connected to the upper end of the second mounting portion, the adjustable laser collimation assembly receiving divergent light output from the laser generator and converting the divergent light into a parallel laser beam; a focusing lens assembly connected to the lower end of the third mounting portion and configured to focus the parallel laser beam into a very small light spot; A coupling assembly connected to the focusing lens assembly, configured to couple the laser beam focused into a light spot with the high-pressure water beam and output a fine water jet carrying laser energy; a visual monitoring component connected to the upper end of the first mounting portion and used to monitor the coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam; The first mounting portion is provided with a first reflector, the second mounting portion is provided with a half-reflecting mirror, and the third mounting portion is provided with a second reflector; the first reflector, the half-reflecting mirror, and the second reflector are located on the same horizontal line; The parallel laser beam is transmitted to the focusing mirror assembly through the half-reflective half-mirror and the second reflector, and the transmission path of the parallel laser beam can be changed by adjusting the angle of the second reflector; The light source of the visual monitoring component is transmitted to the focusing lens component through the first reflector, the half-reflective half-mirror and the second reflector. Based on the fact that the second reflector has been adjusted to a suitable angle, the angle of the first reflector can be adjusted to change the illumination path of the light source to the focusing lens component, as well as the image feedback path of the coupled image of the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam fed back to the CCD camera of the visual monitoring component.

[0007] The present invention has the beneficial effect of employing a parallel three-axis layout structure. The visual monitoring assembly is located to the left of the adjustable laser collimator assembly, and the focusing lens assembly is located to the right of the adjustable laser collimator assembly. The visual monitoring assembly and the focusing lens assembly are not coaxial. Thus, when adjusting the visual monitoring assembly's field of view or the laser spot position, the xy adjustment mechanism can be omitted, and the position of the coupling assembly need not be adjusted. Only the mounting angle of the first reflector and / or the second reflector needs to be adjusted. This improves the coupling effect and ensures the stability of the coupling state. It also reduces the overall weight. Furthermore, the visual monitoring assembly, the adjustable laser collimator assembly, and the focusing lens assembly are mounted at different locations on the mounting base, which improves the convenience and efficiency of assembly of the various components.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first mounting portion has a first mounting cavity for mounting the first reflector, the second mounting portion has a second mounting cavity for mounting the half-reflective half-mirror, and the third mounting portion has a third mounting cavity for mounting the second reflector, and the first mounting cavity, the second mounting cavity, and the third mounting cavity are interconnected.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first adjustment bracket is provided in the first mounting cavity, and the first adjustment bracket can adjust the mounting angle of the first reflector in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z; A second adjustment bracket is provided in the second mounting cavity, and the second adjustment bracket can adjust the mounting angle of the half-reflective half-mirror in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z; A third adjustment bracket is provided in the third installation cavity, and the third adjustment bracket can adjust the installation angle of the second reflector in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the focusing mirror assembly includes: an upper connecting seat, a focusing mirror and a lower connecting seat, the upper connecting seat is connected to the third mounting portion, the upper end of the focusing mirror is connected to the upper connecting seat, the lower end of the focusing mirror is connected to the lower connecting seat, and the lower connecting seat is connected to the coupling assembly.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper connecting seat includes: an upper connecting portion and a connecting seat body, the upper connecting portion is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting seat body, a first channel is opened inside the connecting seat body, the upper connecting portion is opened with a first mounting groove, the bottom surface of the first mounting groove is connected to the first channel, an aperture is installed in the first mounting groove, and a sixth light guide hole with adjustable aperture is provided in the center of the aperture.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first air inlet hole is provided on the connecting seat body, and a second air inlet hole is provided on the lower connecting seat. Positive pressure gas enters the space above the focusing lens and the internal chamber of the mounting seat from the first air inlet hole, and positive pressure gas enters the conical chamber located below the focusing lens from the second air inlet hole. A gas relief gap is provided on one side of the lower connecting seat, and the gas relief gap is communicated with the conical chamber.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coupling assembly includes: a coupling seat, a homogenization module and a nozzle, a cavity is provided in the coupling seat, and a light-transmitting member is provided in the cavity; the homogenization module is installed in the cavity and is spaced apart from the light-transmitting member, and a water flow homogenization cavity is provided between the upper end surface of the homogenization module and the light-transmitting member, and the water flow homogenization cavity includes a convergence cavity located on the periphery and a smooth cavity located in the middle; the nozzle is installed inside the homogenization module, and a coupling hole is provided in the nozzle, and the coupling hole is connected to the smooth cavity.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end surface of the homogenizing module includes an arc surface located at the periphery and a plane located in the middle, and there is a smooth transition between the arc surface and the plane. The arc surface corresponds to the contraction cavity, and the plane corresponds to the smooth cavity.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coupling assembly further includes: an annular water channel and a plurality of water diversion grooves, wherein the annular water channel is connected to the water inlet hole provided on the coupling seat, and the high-pressure water flow flowing into the annular water channel flows into the collection cavity through the plurality of water diversion grooves.

[0016] The present invention also provides a water-guided laser cutting method, comprising the following steps: S1, high-pressure water flows into the coupling component to form a high-pressure water beam; S2. The parallel laser beam collimated by the adjustable laser collimation assembly is reflected by a half-reflecting half-mirror to the second reflector, and then reflected by the second reflector to the focusing mirror assembly. The focusing mirror assembly focuses the parallel laser beam into a very small light spot. The laser beam focused into the light spot enters the coupling assembly to couple with the high-pressure water beam. S3. Light emitted by the light source of the visual monitoring assembly is reflected by the first reflector to the half-reflecting half-mirror lens, and then passes through the half-reflecting half-mirror lens to reach the second reflector. The second reflector is then reflected to the focusing lens assembly, so that the visual monitoring assembly can monitor the coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam, so that the center of the light spot coincides with the axis of the high-pressure water beam; S4. The fine water jet carrying laser energy ejected from the coupling component acts on the surface of the workpiece to cut the workpiece.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the visual monitoring component collects the relative position between the laser beam and the coupling hole in real time through visual imaging. If the center of the light spot does not coincide with the axis of the coupling hole, the transmission link of the laser light is adjusted through the second adjustment bracket and / or the third adjustment bracket so that the center of the light spot can coincide with the axis of the coupling hole.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purposes and other advantages of the present invention are realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0019] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water-guided laser cutting device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the water-guided laser cutting device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 and Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mounting base of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the mounting seat of the present invention.

[0025] Figures 6 to 8It is a structural schematic diagram of the first adjustment bracket of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the focusing lens assembly of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the truncated cone chamber of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 and Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the coupling assembly of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water flow homogenization chamber of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the homogenization module of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 15 2 is a cross-sectional view of the jet protection module of the present invention.

[0032] In the picture: 1. Mounting base; 2. First reflector; 3. Half-reflecting half-mirror; 4. Second reflector; 5. Visual monitoring assembly; 6. Laser adjustable collimation assembly; 7. Focusing lens assembly; 8. Coupling assembly; 9. Cone chamber; 11. First mounting portion; 12. Second mounting portion; 13. Third mounting portion; 111. First mounting cavity; 112. First light guide hole; 113. First adjustment bracket; 114. First mounting plate; 121. Second mounting cavity; 122. Second light guide hole; 123. Third light guide hole; 124. Fourth light guide hole; 125. Second adjustment bracket; 126. Second mounting plate; 131. Third mounting cavity; 132. Fifth light guide hole; 133. Third adjustment bracket; 134. Third mounting plate; 1131. Adjustment base; 1132. Mounting frame; 1133. First adjustment screw; 1134. Second adjustment screw; 1135. Third adjustment screw. 51. Light source; 52. CCD camera; 53. Mirror mount; 71, upper connecting seat; 72, focusing lens; 73, lower connecting seat; 711, upper connecting portion; 712, connecting seat body; 713, aperture; 7111, first mounting groove; 7121, first channel; 7131, sixth light guide hole; 7122, first air inlet hole; 731, second air inlet hole; 732, air release gap; 81. Coupling seat; 82. Homogenizing module; 83. Nozzle; 84. Jet protection module; 85. Light-transmitting part; 86. Water flow homogenizing chamber; 87. Cover; 811. Water inlet; 812. First annular air channel; 813. Third air inlet; 821. Arc surface; 822. Plane; 823. Annular water channel; 824. Water distribution trough; 825. Second annular air channel; 826. Seventh through hole; 831. Coupling hole; 841. Protection air channel; 8411. Second channel; 8412. Third channel; 843. Eighth through hole; 844. Nozzle; 8441. Cone-shaped cavity; 845. Assembly part; 861. Retraction cavity; 862. Smooth cavity; 871. Assembly hole; 872. Fourth air inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are simplified schematic diagrams that illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 2As shown, the water-guided laser cutting device of this embodiment includes a mounting base 1, a visual monitoring assembly 5, an adjustable laser collimator assembly 6, a focusing lens assembly 7, and a coupling assembly 8. The mounting base 1 includes a first mounting portion 11, a second mounting portion 12, and a third mounting portion 13. The second mounting portion 12 is located between the first and third mounting portions 11 and 13. The adjustable laser collimator assembly 6 is connected to the upper end of the second mounting portion 12. The adjustable laser collimator assembly 6 receives divergent light output from a laser generator and converts it into a parallel laser beam. The focusing lens assembly 7 is connected to the lower end of the third mounting portion 13 and is used to focus the parallel laser beam into an extremely small spot. The coupling assembly 8 is connected to the focusing lens assembly 7 and is used to couple the focused laser beam with a high-pressure water jet, outputting a fine water jet carrying laser energy. The visual monitoring assembly 5 is connected to the upper end of the first mounting portion 11 and is used to monitor the coupling between the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet. Specifically, a first reflector 2 is disposed within the first mounting portion 11, a half-reflecting mirror 3 is disposed within the second mounting portion 12, and a second reflector 4 is disposed within the third mounting portion 13. The first reflector 2, half-reflecting mirror 3, and second reflector 4 are located on the same horizontal line. A parallel laser beam is transmitted to the focusing lens assembly 7 via the half-reflecting mirror 3 and the second reflector 4. The transmission path of the parallel laser beam can be changed by adjusting the angle of the second reflector 4. The light source 51 of the visual monitoring assembly 5 is transmitted to the focusing lens assembly 7 via the first reflector 2, the half-reflecting mirror 3, and the second reflector 4. Based on the fact that the second reflector 4 has been adjusted to an appropriate angle, adjusting the angle of the first reflector 2 can change the illumination path from the light source 51 to the focusing lens assembly 7, as well as the image feedback path of the coupled image of the laser beam and the high-pressure water jet to the CCD camera 52 of the visual monitoring assembly 5.

[0037] In other words, the water-guided laser cutting device of this embodiment has a parallel three-axis layout structure. The visual monitoring assembly 5 is located to the left of the adjustable laser collimator assembly 6, and the focusing lens assembly 7 is located to the right of the adjustable laser collimator assembly 6. The visual monitoring assembly 5 and the focusing lens assembly 7 are not coaxial. Therefore, when adjusting the field of view or laser spot position of the visual monitoring assembly 5, the xy adjustment mechanism can be omitted, and the position of the coupling assembly 8 does not need to be adjusted. Only the mounting angle of the first reflector 2 and / or the second reflector 4 needs to be adjusted. This helps improve the coupling effect and ensures the stability of the coupling state. It also reduces the overall weight. In addition, the visual monitoring assembly 5, the adjustable laser collimator assembly 6, and the focusing lens assembly 7 of this embodiment are installed at different positions on the mounting base 1, which improves the convenience and efficiency of assembly of each component.

[0038] The three mounting parts of the mounting base 1 can adopt an integrated molding structure or splicing molding. Preferably, the reflection angle of the first reflector 2 is 45° in the forward direction, the reflection angle of the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 is 45° in the forward direction, and the reflection angle of the second reflector 4 is 45° in the reverse direction. Here, "forward" means that the incident light is incident vertically downward and the reflected light is horizontal. "Reverse" means that the incident light is incident horizontally and the reflected light is vertically downward. Of course, when the installation angles of the first reflector 2, the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 and the second reflector 4 cannot meet the actual use requirements, the installation angles of the first reflector 2, the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 and the second reflector 4 can be adjusted.

[0039] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the first mounting portion 11 has a first mounting cavity 111, the first reflector 2 is disposed in the first mounting cavity 111, a first light guide hole 112 is provided at the upper end of the first mounting portion 11, and the visual monitoring assembly 5 is disposed at the first light guide hole 112. The visual monitoring assembly 5 is mounted on the first mounting portion 11 via a mirror holder 53. The second mounting portion 12 has a second mounting cavity 121, the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 is disposed in the second mounting cavity 121, a second light guide hole 122 is provided at the upper end of the second mounting portion 12, and the laser adjustable collimation assembly 6 is disposed at the second light guide hole 122. A third light guide hole 123 and a fourth light guide hole 124 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the second mounting portion 12. The third light guide hole 123 is used to connect the first mounting cavity 111 and the second mounting cavity 121. The third mounting portion 13 has a third mounting cavity 131, the second reflector 4 is arranged in the third mounting cavity 131, the lower end of the third mounting portion 13 is provided with a fifth light guide hole 132, the focusing mirror assembly 7 is arranged at the fifth light guide hole 132, and the fourth light guide hole 124 is used to connect the second mounting cavity 121 and the third mounting cavity 131.

[0040] That is, the mounting base 1 has three mounting cavities, which are arranged side by side from left to right and are interconnected, facilitating the transmission of the laser beam and the light from the light source 51. The laser transmission link is as follows: the collimated parallel laser beam emitted by the adjustable laser collimation component 6 is reflected by the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 to the second reflector 4, and then reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing lens component 7. The light transmission link of the light source 51 is as follows: the light from the light source 51 is reflected by the first reflector 2 to the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, and then reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing lens component 7 after passing through the half-reflecting half-mirror 3. Correspondingly, the image feedback path is as follows: the light of the coupled image is reflected by the second reflector 4 to the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, and then reflected by the first reflector 2 to the visual monitoring component 5 after passing through the half-reflecting half-mirror 3. When the adjustable laser collimation component 6 emits laser light, the visual monitoring component 5 also synchronously captures images of the coupling situation. The light from the light source 51 can illuminate the coupling point to facilitate image capture.

[0041] It should be noted that in order for the laser beam to smoothly enter the coupling assembly 8 and for the visual monitoring assembly 5 to successfully capture the coupled image, the mounting angles of the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 4 can be adjusted. If necessary, the mounting angle of the half-reflecting mirror 3 can also be adjusted (generally, the half-reflecting mirror 3 is not adjusted further after being adjusted to an appropriate angle). In this embodiment, a first adjustment bracket 113 is provided within the first mounting cavity 111, upon which the first reflector 2 is mounted. The first adjustment bracket 113 is capable of adjusting the mounting angle of the first reflector 2 in three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z). A second adjustment bracket 125 is provided within the second mounting cavity 121, upon which the half-reflecting mirror 3 is mounted. The second adjustment bracket 125 is capable of adjusting the mounting angle of the half-reflecting mirror 3 in three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z). A third adjustment bracket 133 is provided within the third mounting cavity 131, upon which the second reflector 4 is mounted. The third adjustment bracket 133 is capable of adjusting the mounting angle of the second reflector 4 in three degrees of freedom (X, Y, and Z).

[0042] This embodiment does not require an additional xy adjustment mechanism when adjusting the laser transmission link or the visual light transmission link. Instead, the mounting angle of the corresponding reflector or semi-reflective mirror 3 can be adjusted simply by adjusting the bracket, which is very convenient and quick. Furthermore, the position of the coupling assembly 8 is not affected during the adjustment process, which helps to improve the stability of the coupling state.

[0043] Specifically, the left side of the first mounting portion 11 is open, with a first mounting plate 114 provided at the opening to seal the first mounting cavity 111. The first mounting plate 114 is fixedly connected to the first mounting portion 11 via screws at four corners, thereby reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the mounting base 1. The first adjustment bracket 113 is screwed to the first mounting plate 114. The lower end of the second mounting portion 12 is open, with a second mounting plate 126 provided at the opening to seal the second mounting cavity 121. The second mounting plate 126 is screwed to the second mounting portion 12 via screws at four corners, thereby reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the mounting base 1. The second adjustment bracket 125 is screwed to the second mounting plate 126. The right side of the third mounting portion 13 is open, with a third mounting plate 134 provided at the opening to seal the third mounting cavity 131. The third mounting plate 134 is screwed to the third mounting portion 13 via screws at four corners, thereby reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the mounting base 1. The third adjustment bracket 133 is screwed to the third mounting plate 134. The design of the three mounting opening positions facilitates operation of the adjustment bracket. The first adjustment bracket 113, the second adjustment bracket 125 and the third adjustment bracket 133 have the same structure and the same adjustment method. The first adjustment bracket 113 is used as an example for explanation.

[0044] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the first adjustment bracket 113 includes an adjustment base 1131, a mounting frame 1132, and an adjustment assembly. The adjustment base 1131 is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 114. The adjustment assembly extends through the adjustment base 1131. One end of the adjustment assembly is connected to the mounting frame 1132, and the other end is connected to the first mounting plate 114 and exposed from the first mounting plate 114 to facilitate adjustment. The first reflector 2 is mounted on the mounting frame 1132. The adjustment assembly includes a first adjustment screw 1133, a second adjustment screw 1134, and a third adjustment screw 1135. One end of the first adjustment screw 1133, the second adjustment screw 1134, and the third adjustment screw 1135 is connected to the mounting frame 1132, and the other end is connected to the first mounting plate 114 and extends through the first mounting plate 114. Adjustment can be performed manually or electrically. For example, the first adjusting screw 1133, the second adjusting screw 1134, and the third adjusting screw 1135 are arranged in an isosceles right triangle, with the third adjusting screw 1135 located at the vertex of the right angle. When it is necessary to adjust the installation angle of the first reflector 2 in the X direction, the first adjusting screw 1133 is operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjustment base 1131 and the mounting frame 1132 in the X direction. When it is necessary to adjust the installation angle of the first reflector 2 in the Y direction, the second adjusting screw 1134 is operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjustment base 1131 and the mounting frame 1132 in the Y direction. When it is necessary to adjust the installation angle of the first reflector 2 in the Z direction, the first adjusting screw 1133, the second adjusting screw 1134, and the third adjusting screw 1135 are operated to reduce or increase the distance between the adjustment base 1131 and the mounting frame 1132 in the Z direction.

[0045] This embodiment improves the structure of the mounting base 1 and sets multiple adjustment brackets in the mounting base 1, so that the installation angle of the second reflector 4 can be easily adjusted, thereby adjusting the direction of the laser light path so that the focused light spot can smoothly enter the coupling component 8, and adjusting the installation angles of the first reflector 2 and the second reflector 4, thereby adjusting the field of view of the visual monitoring component 5.

[0046] like Figure 9As shown, the focusing lens assembly 7 includes an upper connecting seat 71, a focusing lens 72, and a lower connecting seat 73. The upper connecting seat 71 is connected to the third mounting portion 13. The upper end of the focusing lens 72 is connected to the upper connecting seat 71, and the lower end of the focusing lens 72 is connected to the lower connecting seat 73. The lower connecting seat 73 is connected to the coupling assembly 8. The upper connecting seat 71 includes an upper connecting portion 711 and a connecting seat body 712. The upper connecting portion 711 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting seat body 712. The connecting seat body 712 defines a first channel 7121. The upper connecting portion 711 defines a first mounting groove 7111. The bottom surface of the first mounting groove 7111 is connected to the first channel 7121. An aperture 713 is installed in the first mounting groove 7111. A sixth light guide hole 7131 with an adjustable aperture is provided at the center of the aperture 713. After passing through the half-reflective mirror 3 and the second reflecting mirror 4, the laser beam enters the first channel 7121 from the sixth light guide hole 7131 of the aperture 713, and then passes through the first channel 7121 to be focused at the focusing mirror 72. The aperture 713 can limit the diameter of the laser beam, shield the stray light outside the beam, etc., improve the quality of the laser beam incident on the focusing mirror 72, and ensure the quality of the light spot after the laser beam is focused.

[0047] In this embodiment, the length of the upper connector 71 can be adaptively designed based on the actual processing scenario, allowing the water-guided laser processing head to adapt to a variety of processing scenarios (e.g., vertical, tilted, and rotary processing). If the upper connector 71 is too long or too short, the water-guided laser processing head may interfere with other components of the equipment during cutting operations. The parallel laser beam, after being focused by the focusing lens 72, must enter the coupling assembly 8. The length of the lower connector 73 is determined by the focusing distance of the focusing lens 72, ensuring that the focused laser spot can smoothly enter the coupling assembly 8.

[0048] As the use time gets longer, the focusing lens 72 will generate a certain amount of heat, and when cutting, the high-pressure water jet will splash water mist on the surface of the workpiece. If the water mist enters the focusing lens assembly 7, it will affect the focusing effect of the focusing lens 72. Based on this, if Figure 10 As shown, a first air inlet hole 7122 is provided at the lower end of the connecting seat body 712 of this embodiment, and a second air inlet hole 731 is provided at the upper end of the lower connecting seat 73. Positive pressure gas enters the space above the focusing mirror 72 from the first air inlet hole 7122, and can enter the internal chamber of the mounting seat 1 (i.e., the first mounting chamber 111, the second mounting chamber 121, and the third mounting chamber 131) upward through the first channel 7121, so that the space above the focusing mirror 72 and the internal chamber of the mounting seat 1 are filled with positive pressure gas. The focusing mirror 72 is connected to the coupling assembly 8 through the lower connecting seat 73. There is a conical chamber 9 between the focusing mirror 72 and the coupling assembly 8, and the conical chamber 9 is connected to the second air inlet hole 731. Positive pressure gas enters the conical chamber 9 ( Figure 10The inner portion (the dashed line portion) of the truncated cone chamber 9 is filled with positive pressure gas. In this way, the space above and below the focusing mirror 72 is filled with positive pressure gas, which can prevent external water mist from entering the focusing mirror assembly 7, prevent the focusing mirror 72 from fogging, and improve the focusing effect. In this embodiment, a gas relief gap 732 is provided on one side of the lower connecting seat 73. The gas relief gap 732 is connected to the truncated cone chamber 9. In this way, when positive pressure gas is introduced, it can flow out from the gas relief gap 732, forming a gas flow. On the one hand, it can remove the heat generated by the focusing mirror 72 to achieve heat dissipation. On the other hand, it can prevent the positive pressure gas from entering the coupling assembly 8 and affecting the coupling effect. The positive pressure gas in the upper connecting seat 71 and the mounting seat 1 can be discharged through the assembly gap on the mounting seat 1 (for example, the assembly gap between the mounting plate and the mounting seat 1), forming a gas flow, thereby removing the heat generated by the focusing mirror 72 and achieving heat dissipation. In addition, the internal chamber of the mounting seat 1 is filled with positive pressure gas, which can also prevent the first reflector 2, the half-mirror 3, and the second reflector 4 from fogging.

[0049] like Figures 11 to 15 As shown, the coupling assembly 8 includes: a coupling seat 81, a homogenizing module 82, a nozzle 83 and a jet protection module 84. A cavity is provided in the coupling seat 81, and a light-transmitting member 85 is provided in the cavity; the homogenizing module 82 is installed in the cavity and is spaced apart from the light-transmitting member 85. A water flow homogenizing cavity 86 is provided between the upper end surface of the homogenizing module 82 and the light-transmitting member 85. The water flow homogenizing cavity 86 includes a gathering cavity 861 located on the periphery and a smooth cavity 862 located in the middle; the nozzle 83 is installed in the homogenizing module 82, and a coupling hole 831 is provided in the nozzle 83, and the coupling hole 831 is connected to the smooth cavity 862; the jet protection module 84 is installed in the homogenizing module 82 and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 83. A protective air duct 841 is provided in the jet protection module 84, and the protective air duct 841 is connected to the coupling hole 831. The laser spot focused by the focusing lens assembly 7 enters the coupling hole 831 after passing through the light-transmitting member 85 , is coupled with the high-pressure water jet, and finally ejects a water jet from the protective air duct 841 .

[0050] The upper end surface of the homogenizing module 82 includes an arc surface 821 located on the periphery and a plane 822 located in the middle. There is a smooth transition between the arc surface 821 and the plane 822. The arc surface 821 corresponds to the contraction cavity 861, and the plane 822 corresponds to the smooth cavity 862. The width D1 of the contraction cavity 861 gradually decreases from the edge (the edge refers to the edge of the contraction cavity 861) toward the direction close to the smooth cavity 862, and the width D2 of the smooth cavity 862 is the same from the edge (the edge refers to the edge of the smooth cavity 862) to the coupling hole 831. The design of the arc surface 821 makes the width of the water flow homogenizing cavity 86 at the edge greater than the width at the center, and the coupling hole 831 is located at the center of the nozzle 83. In other words, in the process of high-pressure water flow flowing from the edge to the center of the water flow homogenizing cavity 86, the pressure on the water flow gradually increases, which can suppress strong turbulence, make the water flow smoother, and improve the homogenization effect.

[0051] Specifically, an annular water channel 823 is provided on the outer wall of the homogenizing module 82, and a plurality of water diversion grooves 824 are provided at the top edge of the homogenizing module 82. The plurality of water diversion grooves 824 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the homogenizing module 82, and the water diversion grooves 824 are connected to the annular water channel 823. A water inlet hole 811 is provided on the coupling seat 81, and the water inlet hole 811 is connected to the high-pressure water pipe. The annular water channel 823 is connected to the water inlet hole 811. The high-pressure water flows into the water inlet hole 811 from the high-pressure water pipe, and then fills the annular water channel 823. After the water flows fill the annular water channel 823, it can pass through the plurality of water diversion grooves 824 upwards and enter the convergence cavity 861 and the gentle cavity 862. After being homogenized by the water flow homogenization cavity 86, it enters the coupling hole 831. For example, the number of water distribution grooves 824 is ≥3, and multiple water distribution grooves 824 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the homogenization module 82. In this way, the pressure distribution uniformity of the water flow when entering the water flow homogenization chamber 86 can be improved, which is conducive to improving the subsequent homogenization effect.

[0052] In this embodiment, a first annular air channel 812 and a third air inlet 813 are defined on the inner wall of the coupling seat 81. The first annular air channel 812 is connected to the third air inlet 813. A second annular air channel 825 is defined on the inner wall of the homogenization module 82. The cavity between the second annular air channel 825 and the outer wall of the jet protection module 84 forms an airflow homogenization chamber. The airflow homogenization chamber is connected to the first annular air channel 812 via the seventh through hole 826. That is, external air first fills the first annular air channel 812 through the third air inlet 813, and then enters the airflow homogenization chamber through the seventh through hole 826 to achieve homogenization, thereby making the airflow more stable. For example, there are multiple seventh through holes 826, and the multiple seventh through holes 826 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the homogenization module 82. In this way, the gas can be more evenly distributed when entering the airflow homogenization chamber from the first annular air channel 812.

[0053] In this embodiment, the protective air duct 841 inside the jet protection module 84 is connected to the air flow homogenization chamber through the eighth through hole 843. There are multiple eighth through holes 843, and the multiple eighth through holes 843 are evenly distributed around the protective air duct 841. In this way, the homogenized gas is more evenly distributed when entering the protective air duct 841. The protective air duct 841 includes: a second channel 8411 and a third channel 8412. The second channel 8411 and the third channel 8412 are interconnected. The second channel 8411 is connected to the coupling hole 831, and the diameter of the second channel 8411 is larger than the diameter of the third channel 8412. It should be noted that the coupling hole 831, the second channel 8411 and the third channel 8412 are coaxially arranged and interconnected. When the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam are coupled in the coupling hole 831, a water jet is formed, which can pass through the second channel 8411 and the third channel 8412 in sequence and then be ejected to cut the workpiece. When the water jet passes through the second channel 8411, the gas in the second channel 8411 forms a protective gas field around the water jet. Then, the gas and the water jet enter the third channel 8412 together. Since the diameter of the third channel 8412 is smaller than the diameter of the second channel 8411, the flow rate of the gas is increased when entering the third channel 8412, and the effective length of the water jet can be extended.

[0054] In this embodiment, the coupling assembly 8 also includes a cover 87, which is connected to the lower end of the coupling base 81. The cover 87 defines an assembly hole 871, through which the lower end of the jet protection module 84 extends. The jet protection module 84 includes an assembly portion 845 and a nozzle 844, which is connected to the lower end of the assembly portion 845 and extends through the assembly hole 871. The cover 87 defines a fourth air inlet 872, which communicates with the assembly hole 871 and can jet air to the portion of the jet protection module 84 located outside the cover 87. A gap is formed between the lower end of the side wall of the homogenizing module 82 and the fourth air inlet 872, and a gap is formed between the lower end surface of the homogenizing module 82 and the surface of the cover 87. These gaps allow communication between the fourth air inlet 872 and the assembly hole 871, and a gap is formed between the assembly hole 871 and the nozzle 844. When the water jet is sprayed from the nozzle 844 onto the surface of the workpiece, it will splash water, which can easily form water accumulation on the outer surface of the nozzle 844, affecting the water jet. In this embodiment, by introducing gas into the fourth air inlet 872, the gas is ejected from the assembly hole 871 and sprayed onto the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle 844, which can blow off the water droplets accumulated on the outer surface of the nozzle 844. It should be noted that the nozzle 844 is generally trumpet-shaped, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. When air is blown onto the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle 844, the water droplets can slide along the trumpet shape. The trumpet shape allows the water droplets to be blown away as far as possible from the water jet when they are blown off, reducing the impact on the water jet. The lower end surface of the nozzle 844 has a truncated cone-shaped cavity 8441. The circumference of the upper end of the truncated cone-shaped cavity 8441 is smaller than the circumference of the lower end. The angle between the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped cavity 8441 and the horizontal plane is ɑ, and 0°<ɑ<90°. The water mist splashed by the water jet when processing the workpiece will also accumulate on the lower end surface of the nozzle 844. The lower end surface of the nozzle 844 is designed to be a truncated cone-shaped cavity 8441. The water droplets accumulated on the side wall of the truncated cone-shaped cavity 8441 can slide along the inclined side wall in the direction away from the water jet, thereby reducing the impact on the water jet.

[0055] Example 2 The water-guided laser cutting method of this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. High-pressure water flows into the coupling assembly 8 to form a high-pressure water jet.

[0056] S2. The parallel laser beam collimated by the adjustable laser collimation component 6 is reflected by the half-reflective half-mirror 3 to the second reflector 4, and then reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing mirror component 7. The focusing mirror component 7 focuses the parallel laser beam into an extremely small light spot. The laser beam focused into the light spot enters the coupling component 8 to couple with the high-pressure water beam.

[0057] S3. The light emitted by the light source 51 of the visual monitoring component 5 is reflected by the first reflector 2 to the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, and reaches the second reflector 4 after passing through the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, and is then reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing mirror component 7, so that the visual monitoring component 5 can monitor the coupling of the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam, so that the center of the light spot coincides with the axis of the high-pressure water beam.

[0058] S4. The fine water jet carrying laser energy ejected from the coupling component 8 acts on the surface of the workpiece to cut the workpiece.

[0059] In this embodiment, the visual monitoring component 5 collects the relative position between the laser beam and the coupling hole 831 in real time. If the center of the light spot does not coincide with the axis of the coupling hole 831, the second adjustment bracket 125 and / or the third adjustment bracket 133 are used to adjust the light transmission link so that the center of the light spot can coincide with the axis of the coupling hole 831. The laser transmission link is as follows: the collimated parallel laser beam emitted by the adjustable laser collimation component 6 is reflected by the half-reflecting half-mirror 3 to the second reflector 4, and then reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing lens component 7. The light transmission link of the light source 51 is as follows: the light source 51 is reflected by the first reflector 2 to the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, and after passing through the half-reflecting half-mirror 3, it is reflected by the second reflector 4 to the focusing lens component 7. After the adjustable laser collimation component 6 emits a parallel laser beam, the visual monitoring component 5 synchronously performs image capture of the coupling situation. The first adjustment bracket 113 can adjust the installation angle of the first reflector 2 in three degrees of freedom of X, Y, and Z. The second adjustment bracket 125 can adjust the installation angle of the half-reflective half-mirror 3 in three degrees of freedom of X, Y, and Z. The third adjustment bracket 133 can adjust the installation angle of the second reflector 4 in three degrees of freedom of X, Y, and Z to meet the transmission requirements of the laser link / visual link.

[0060] The parts of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not repeated here.

[0061] In summary, the water-guided laser cutting device and the water-guided laser cutting method of the present invention adopt a parallel three-axis layout structure. The visual monitoring component 5 and the focusing lens component 7 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the laser adjustable collimation component 6. That is, the visual monitoring component 5 and the focusing lens component 7 are not coaxially arranged. A plurality of adjustment brackets are provided in the mounting base 1. When adjusting the field of view of the visual monitoring component or the position of the laser spot, the xy adjustment mechanism can be omitted, and there is no need to adjust the position of the coupling component. Only the installation angle of the first reflector and / or the second reflector needs to be adjusted. This is conducive to improving the coupling effect and ensuring the stability of the coupling state; it can also reduce the overall weight.

[0062] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0063] With the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention as a guide, and with reference to the above description, relevant personnel are fully capable of making various changes and modifications without departing from the technical spirit of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water-guided laser cutting device, characterized in that: include: A mounting seat (1), the mounting seat (1) comprising: a first mounting portion (11), a second mounting portion (12) and a third mounting portion (13), wherein the second mounting portion (12) is located between the first mounting portion (11) and the third mounting portion (13); A laser adjustable collimation assembly (6), the laser adjustable collimation assembly (6) being connected to the upper end of the second mounting portion (12), the laser adjustable collimation assembly (6) receiving divergent light output from the laser generator and converting the divergent light into a parallel laser beam; A focusing mirror assembly (7), the focusing mirror assembly (7) being connected to the lower end of the third mounting portion (13) and being used to focus the parallel laser beam into an extremely small light spot; A coupling component (8), the coupling component (8) being connected to the focusing mirror component (7), and being used for coupling the laser beam focused into a light spot with the high-pressure water beam, and outputting a fine water jet carrying laser energy; A visual monitoring component (5), the visual monitoring component (5) being connected to the upper end of the first mounting portion (11) and being used to monitor the coupling condition between the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam; A first reflector (2) is provided inside the first mounting portion (11), a half-reflecting half-mirror (3) is provided inside the second mounting portion (12), and a second reflector (4) is provided inside the third mounting portion (13); the first reflector (2), the half-reflecting half-mirror (3), and the second reflector (4) are located on the same horizontal line; The parallel laser beam is transmitted to the focusing mirror assembly (7) through the semi-reflective semi-mirror (3) and the second reflector (4), and the transmission path of the parallel laser beam can be changed by adjusting the angle of the second reflector (4); The light source (51) of the visual monitoring component (5) is transmitted to the focusing lens component (7) through the first reflector (2), the half-reflective half-mirror (3) and the second reflector (4). Based on the fact that the second reflector (4) has been adjusted to a suitable angle, the angle of the first reflector (2) can be adjusted to change the illumination path of the light source (51) irradiating the focusing lens component (7), as well as the image feedback path of the coupled image of the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam fed back to the CCD camera (52) of the visual monitoring component (5).

2. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mounting portion (11) has a first mounting cavity (111) for mounting the first reflector (2), the second mounting portion (12) has a second mounting cavity (121) for mounting the half-reflective half-mirror (3), and the third mounting portion (13) has a third mounting cavity (131) for mounting the second reflector (4), and the first mounting cavity (111), the second mounting cavity (121), and the third mounting cavity (131) are interconnected.

3. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first adjustment bracket (113) is provided in the first installation cavity (111), and the first adjustment bracket (113) is capable of adjusting the installation angle of the first reflector (2) in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z. A second adjustment bracket (125) is provided in the second installation cavity (121), and the second adjustment bracket (125) is capable of adjusting the installation angle of the half-reflective half-mirror (3) in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z. A third adjustment bracket (133) is provided in the third installation cavity (131), and the third adjustment bracket (133) is capable of adjusting the installation angle of the second reflector (4) in three degrees of freedom: X, Y, and Z.

4. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 1, wherein: The focusing mirror assembly (7) comprises an upper connecting seat (71), a focusing mirror (72) and a lower connecting seat (73), wherein the upper connecting seat (71) is connected to the third mounting portion (13), the upper end of the focusing mirror (72) is connected to the upper connecting seat (71), the lower end of the focusing mirror (72) is connected to the lower connecting seat (73), and the lower connecting seat (73) is connected to the coupling assembly (8).

5. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper connecting seat (71) comprises: an upper connecting portion (711) and a connecting seat body (712); the upper connecting portion (711) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the connecting seat body (712); a first channel (7121) is provided inside the connecting seat body (712); a first mounting groove (7111) is provided on the upper connecting portion (711); the bottom surface of the first mounting groove (7111) is connected to the first channel (7121); an aperture (713) is installed in the first mounting groove (7111); and a sixth light guide hole (7131) with an adjustable aperture is provided at the center of the aperture (713).

6. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first air inlet hole (7122) is provided on the connecting seat body (712), and a second air inlet hole (731) is provided on the lower connecting seat (73). Positive pressure gas enters the space above the focusing mirror (72) and the internal chamber of the mounting seat (1) from the first air inlet hole (7122), and positive pressure gas enters the truncated cone chamber (9) located below the focusing mirror (72) from the second air inlet hole (731). A gas relief gap (732) is provided on one side of the lower connecting seat (73), and the gas relief gap (732) is connected to the truncated cone chamber (9).

7. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling assembly (8) comprises: a coupling seat (81), a homogenizing module (82) and a nozzle (83); a cavity is provided in the coupling seat (81), and a light-transmitting member (85) is provided in the cavity; the homogenizing module (82) is installed in the cavity and is spaced apart from the light-transmitting member (85); a water flow homogenizing cavity (86) is provided between the upper end surface of the homogenizing module (82) and the light-transmitting member (85); the water flow homogenizing cavity (86) comprises a gathering cavity (861) located at the periphery and a smoothing cavity (862) located in the middle; the nozzle (83) is installed inside the homogenizing module (82); a coupling hole (831) is provided in the nozzle (83); the coupling hole (831) is communicated with the smoothing cavity (862).

8. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper end surface of the homogenizing module (82) includes an arc surface (821) located at the periphery and a plane (822) located in the middle, and there is a smooth transition between the arc surface (821) and the plane (822), the arc surface (821) corresponds to the contraction cavity (861), and the plane (822) corresponds to the smooth cavity (862).

9. The water-guided laser cutting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The coupling assembly (8) further comprises: an annular water channel (823) and a plurality of water diversion grooves (824); the annular water channel (823) is in communication with a water inlet hole (811) provided on the coupling seat (81); the high-pressure water flowing into the annular water channel (823) flows into the collection chamber (861) through the plurality of water diversion grooves (824).

10. A water-guided laser cutting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, high-pressure water flows into the coupling component (8) to form a high-pressure water beam; S2, the parallel laser beam collimated by the adjustable laser collimation assembly (6) is reflected by the half-reflecting half-mirror (3) to the second reflector (4), and then reflected by the second reflector (4) to the focusing mirror assembly (7), and the focusing mirror assembly (7) focuses the parallel laser beam into a very small light spot. The laser beam focused into the light spot enters the coupling assembly (8) and is coupled with the high-pressure water beam; S3, the light emitted by the light source (51) of the visual monitoring component (5) is reflected by the first reflector (2) to the half-reflecting half-mirror (3), and reaches the second reflector (4) after passing through the half-reflecting half-mirror (3), and is then reflected by the second reflector (4) to the focusing mirror component (7), so that the visual monitoring component (5) can monitor the coupling of the laser beam and the high-pressure water beam, so that the center of the light spot coincides with the axis of the high-pressure water beam; S4. The fine water jet carrying laser energy ejected from the coupling component (8) acts on the surface of the workpiece to cut the workpiece.

11. The water-guided laser cutting method according to claim 10, wherein: The visual monitoring component (5) collects the relative position between the laser beam and the coupling hole (831) in real time through visual imaging. If the center of the light spot does not coincide with the axis of the coupling hole (831), the transmission link of the laser light is adjusted through the second adjustment bracket (125) and / or the third adjustment bracket (133) so that the center of the light spot can coincide with the axis of the coupling hole (831).

Images