Slope ecological restoration matrix material for Western Sichuan plateau and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a slope ecological restoration matrix material for western Sichuan plateau and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration. The invention relates to a slope ecological restoration matrix material for Western Sichuan plateau. The soil is prepared from the following components: 80 to 100 parts of planting soil, 8 to 15 parts of self-made modified diatomite, 4 to 8 parts of charcoal, 10 to 18 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 to 5 parts of cement, 0.3 to 1.5 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of wood fiber, 1.0 to 3.0 parts of self-made modified polypropylene fiber, 1.5 to 3.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.3 to 0.8 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 35 to 50 parts of water. In the ecological matrix material disclosed by the invention, the self-made modified diatomite and the self-made modified polypropylene fiber are doped, so that strong physical anchoring realized by uniform dispersion and surface roughening can be combined, rainwater impact and a denudation effect of runoff can be effectively resisted, and water and soil loss can be reduced, so that the ecological matrix material has excellent rainwater washing resistance; the slope surface can be effectively protected, and rapid establishment and stable growth of vegetation are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, and specifically relates to a matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan plateau and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country's rapid economic development has been accompanied by a growing annual surge in infrastructure construction. The construction of linear projects like highways and railways often requires significant mountain excavation. Due to the diverse terrain across my country and the requirements of route planning, these infrastructure projects typically involve deep cuttings and high embankments, resulting in extensive exposed slopes, destroying existing vegetation cover and creating numerous exposed, damaged surfaces and engineered slopes. This is highly susceptible to slope collapse, landslides, and debris flows, leading to ecological damage such as soil erosion, scouring, and shallow, localized landslides. This problem is particularly prominent and severe in the western Sichuan Plateau. The plateau boasts dry, cold, and highly variable terrain, characterized by long cold winters and short cool summers, abundant sunshine, concentrated rainfall, and distinct dry and rainy seasons. The plateau is characterized by high altitude, deep valleys, steep terrain, steep slopes, active tectonic activity, and fragmented rock mass. Furthermore, the plateau experiences harsh climatic conditions, with significant diurnal temperature swings, distinct dry and wet seasons, concentrated heavy rainfall, and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. The combined effect of these factors has made the engineering slopes in the western Sichuan Plateau even less stable, soil erosion more severe, and the ecological recovery capacity extremely weak. Both the natural succession and artificial restoration of vegetation face huge challenges. However, by greening the slopes, it is possible to stabilize the slopes while restoring the slope vegetation and beautifying the surrounding environment.

[0003] The existing technology includes slope ecological restoration technology, such as the Chinese invention patent with application number: CN201711211112.1, which discloses a greening method suitable for high and steep mud shale slopes, which includes the following steps: spraying a substrate mixture into a horizontal ditch twice; the first time, the substrate mixture is sprayed to 1-2 cm from the top of the horizontal ditch; the second time, the substrate mixture with plant seeds is sprayed to fill the horizontal ditch; the substrate mixture for the two sprayings is the same, both including greening substrate, planting soil and straw fiber; wherein the weight ratio of greening substrate, planting soil and straw fiber is 3:12-4:1; the greening substrate includes organic matter, compound fertilizer, super absorbent resin, polyacrylamide, cyanoacrylate binder, fly ash and dazolin.

[0004] The above-mentioned prior art uses straw fiber as an improved material for slope greening. In actual use, straw fiber will seriously reduce the shear strength of the substrate. The reason is that straw fiber has a thin flaky structure. After the straw is added to the substrate, the thin flakes overlap each other, making the originally dense planting soil structure loose and creating gaps. This cannot effectively connect and reinforce the soil, and it is easy to deform when sheared, resulting in a decrease in the shear strength of the substrate. The slope soil will slide, collapse, and other damage under the action of its own gravity. To maintain the stability of the slope, on the one hand, the shear strength must be increased. On the other hand, if the soil has a low density and is light in weight, it is not easy for it to slide, collapse, and other damage to occur on the slope.

[0005] Although the above-mentioned existing technology uses a combination of water-absorbing resin and adhesive to effectively improve the water retention performance of the ecological restoration matrix material and form a granular structure that is conducive to plant growth, there is still huge room for improvement in its ability to resist rainwater erosion and shearing on the slope. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the defects existing in the above technical solutions, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan Plateau and a preparation method; the purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan Plateau, which is composed of the following components by weight: 80-100 parts of planting soil, 8-15 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 4-8 parts of biochar, 10-18 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of cement, 0.3-1.5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 0.5-1.5 parts of wood fiber, 1.0-3.0 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 1.5-3.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 35-50 parts of water.

[0007] The planting soil is typical cultivated land soil, collected by the five-point sampling method, after removing the surface soil, mixed evenly, with a particle size of less than 1 cm and a moisture content of less than 25%; The biochar is one of peanut shell biochar and rice husk biochar; purchased from Henan Lize Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. The organic fertilizer is one of fermented cow dung, fermented sheep dung, and fermented chicken dung; it is purchased from Shijiazhuang Wofuwo Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0008] The cement is P.042.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; The wood fibers have a high length-to-width ratio and are about 1-3 mm in length. They are purchased from Shandong Daitian Engineering Materials. The nano-silicon dioxide was purchased from Hubei Tuobang Chemical Co., Ltd. with the product number TB14662.

[0009] The slow-release compound fertilizer is composed of polyurethane-coated urea, potassium sulfate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the polyurethane-coated urea is purchased from Jinan Xiangchunyuan Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; the potassium sulfate is purchased from Zhengzhou Jiajie Chemical Products Co., Ltd.; and the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is purchased from Shandong Sui'an Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0010] The method for preparing the homemade modified diatomite comprises the following steps: placing amino-treated diatomite in DMF and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture for 15 minutes to form a suspended dispersion; adding polybutylene glycol itaconate to the DMF and stirring the mixture to completely dissolve the mixture to form a polybutylene glycol itaconate solution; slowly dropping the polybutylene glycol itaconate solution into the suspended dispersion under the protection of an inert gas while stirring; raising the temperature of the reaction system to 100 degrees Celsius during continuous stirring, maintaining stirring, and continuing the reaction for 12 hours; after the reaction is completed, stopping heating and allowing the reaction system to naturally cool to room temperature; separating a solid product by suction filtration, washing the solid product three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove unreacted substances, and then drying the product in a vacuum drying oven to a constant weight to prepare the homemade modified diatomite.

[0011] The preparation method of the amination-modified diatomaceous earth comprises placing diatomaceous earth in a beaker, soaking it in an HCl solution for 1 hour, then thoroughly washing the treated diatomaceous earth particles with ultrapure water until neutral, and finally drying them under vacuum at 60 degrees Celsius for 12 hours. The diatomaceous earth particles treated with HCl are mixed with an ethanol solution containing APTES, and the mixture is ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. The suspension is stirred at 60 degrees Celsius for 8 hours to ensure complete amination reaction. The product is collected by centrifugation and washed several times with ethanol and deionized water. The resulting product is then dried under vacuum at 60 degrees Celsius for 12 hours to prepare the amination-modified diatomaceous earth.

[0012] The preparation method of homemade modified polypropylene fiber is as follows: maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber is placed in a reaction vessel, xylene is added, the reaction vessel is sealed, and the reaction vessel is shaken at room temperature for 2 hours; after the shaking is completed, a dispersion of branched polyethyleneimine and a dispersion of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide are added in sequence; then the temperature is raised to 45 degrees Celsius, and the shaking reaction is continued for 8 hours; after the reaction is completed, the reaction liquid is filtered out and the fiber is recovered; after washing the fiber twice with acetone, it is washed twice with deionized water, and finally placed in a vacuum oven at 60 degrees Celsius to dry to constant weight to prepare the homemade modified polypropylene fiber.

[0013] The branched polyethyleneimine dispersion and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dispersion are prepared by dispersing 1 g of branched polyethyleneimine in 30 ml of xylene in a beaker and dispersing 0.9 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in 20 ml of xylene in another beaker.

[0014] The number average molecular weight of the branched polyethyleneimine is 600-1500.

[0015] The preparation method of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber comprises the following steps: introducing nitrogen into a three-necked flask and maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere, then adding polypropylene fiber, xylene, maleic anhydride, and a thermal initiator, dibenzoyl peroxide; stirring the mixture and heating it to 50 degrees Celsius, maintaining it for 45 minutes, then rapidly heating it to 90 degrees Celsius, and stirring and reacting it at 90 degrees Celsius for 3-4 hours; then transferring the polypropylene fiber to a Soxhlet extractor and extracting it with acetone for 12 hours to remove unreacted products; and finally drying the purified product in a vacuum oven at 60 degrees Celsius to a constant weight to prepare the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber.

[0016] A method for preparing a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau comprises the following steps: adding planting soil, homemade modified diatomaceous earth, biochar, cement, nano-silica, wood fiber, and homemade modified polypropylene fiber in a blender in sequence according to a mass ratio, and stirring evenly for 3 to 5 minutes; after fully stirring evenly, adding organic fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and continuing to stir for 3 to 5 minutes; finally, adding water in a proportion, and stirring evenly for 5 to 8 minutes, thereby preparing a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau.

[0017] The present invention has the beneficial effects: 1. The present application introduces amino and grafting treatments to diatomaceous earth, thereby successfully grafting polybutylene itaconate chains onto the surface of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, which forms a core-shell complex with the diatomaceous earth having a network structure. This structure not only gives the homemade modified diatomaceous earth more active terminal hydroxyl groups and double bonds, provides more active cross-linking points, and enhances its reactivity and free volume, but also forms a strong chemical bond between the diatomaceous earth and the polybutylene itaconate chains, which is stronger than the intermolecular force of polybutylene itaconate. Therefore, when the ecological matrix material is deformed by force, the homemade modified diatomaceous earth in the components of the present application can exert a significant stress release and bridging effect, effectively disperse stress, prevent crack propagation, and ensure the structural integrity of the matrix material under environmental changes such as drying and wetting. In addition, the diatomaceous earth is also light in weight, which can ensure its stability under the slopes of the western Sichuan plateau. 2. The homemade modified polypropylene fiber in the components of this application is first grafted with maleic anhydride and then subjected to a secondary acylation reaction with branched polyethyleneimine; the branched polyethyleneimine has a polyamine structure, which introduces a large number of amino groups on the surface of the polypropylene fiber and forms a more complex branched structure; the homemade modified polypropylene fiber of this application significantly increases the number of convex peaks and concave valleys on the fiber surface, resulting in a significant increase in its specific surface area and roughness; this not only greatly enhances the hydrophilicity of the fiber, which is conducive to its uniform dispersion in the ecological matrix, but also strengthens the physical embedding and interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix, thereby giving the ecological matrix material higher cohesion and resistance to shear damage; 3. In the ecological matrix material of the present application, the homemade modified diatomaceous earth can give the matrix material the ability of micro-stress dispersion and bridging, and combined with the strong physical anchoring achieved by the uniform dispersion and surface roughening of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber in the matrix due to the improved hydrophilicity, the synergistic effect of the two not only improves the overall mechanical strength and crack resistance of the matrix material, but also makes the internal structure of the matrix material tighter and the pore distribution more reasonable; this strong and stable structure can effectively resist the impact of rainwater and the erosion of runoff, reduce soil erosion, and thus has excellent resistance to rainwater erosion, can effectively protect the slope surface, and promote the rapid establishment and stable growth of vegetation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with Examples. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value within any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0019] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0020] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be exemplary only.

[0021] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0022] The "parts" indicated in the following examples are all parts by weight.

[0023] Example 1 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau and a preparation method thereof, comprising, by weight, 80 parts of planting soil, 8 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 4 parts of biochar, 10 parts of organic fertilizer, 2 parts of cement, 0.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 0.5 parts of wood fiber, 1.0 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 1.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 35 parts of water; The planting soil is typical cultivated land soil, which is collected by a five-point sampling method. After removing the surface soil, it is mixed evenly, with a particle size of less than 1 cm and a moisture content of less than 25%.

[0024] The biochar is peanut shell biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented sheep manure; The cement is P.042.5 grade ordinary Portland cement; The preparation method of the amino-treated diatomaceous earth comprises the following steps: 6 g of diatomaceous earth is weighed and placed in a 100 mL beaker. A 2 mol / L HCl solution is added and soaked for 1 hour to ensure that the hydroxyl groups on the diatomaceous earth surface are fully activated. The treated diatomaceous earth particles are then thoroughly washed with ultrapure water until neutral, and finally dried under vacuum at 60°C for 12 hours. 3 g of the diatomaceous earth particles treated with HCl are weighed and mixed with 100 mL of ethanol solution containing 3 mL of APTES. The mixture is ultrasonically treated for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension. The suspension is stirred at 60°C for 8 hours to ensure complete amination reaction. The product is collected by centrifugation and washed several times with ethanol and deionized water, respectively. The resulting product is dried under vacuum at 60°C for 12 hours to prepare the amino-treated diatomaceous earth.

[0025] The preparation method of the homemade modified diatomite comprises the following steps: placing 10 g of amino-treated diatomite into 100 ml of DMF, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture for 15 minutes to form a suspended dispersion; adding 2 g of polybutylene itaconate into 20 ml of DMF, and stirring the mixture to completely dissolve the mixture to form a polybutylene itaconate solution; slowly dropping the polybutylene itaconate solution into the suspended dispersion under the protection of an inert gas, stirring the mixture while dropping; raising the temperature of the reaction system to 100 degrees Celsius during continuous stirring, maintaining stirring, and continuing the reaction for 12 hours; after the reaction is completed, stopping heating, and allowing the reaction system to cool naturally to room temperature; separating a solid product by suction filtration, and washing the solid product three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove unreacted substances; and then drying the product in a vacuum drying oven to a constant weight to prepare the homemade modified diatomite.

[0026] The preparation method of polybutylene itaconate comprises the following steps: adding 13 g of itaconic acid, 18 g of 1,4-butanediol, 0.15 g of stannous chloride, and 0.02 g of hydroquinone into a four-necked flask; starting stirring, introducing nitrogen, and slowly heating to about 150 degrees Celsius, reacting at this temperature until the acid value significantly decreases and remains unchanged, indicating that most of the carboxyl groups of the itaconic acid have been consumed; then maintaining the temperature at 150 degrees Celsius, slowly adding 26 g of itaconic acid again, and reacting until the acid value significantly decreases and remains unchanged. After the temperature gradually decreases and remains unchanged; 18 g of 1,4-butanediol is slowly added at 150 degrees Celsius; the reaction is continued at 150 degrees Celsius, and the generated water is removed; when all monomers are added and the acid value is measured to be lower than 40 mg (KOH) / g, the temperature is raised to about 180 degrees Celsius, and the system pressure is gradually reduced to a negative pressure of 0.1 MPa; the reaction is continued for 4 hours. After the reaction is completed, the temperature is lowered under nitrogen protection to obtain the product polybutylene itaconate.

[0027] The preparation method of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber comprises the following steps: introducing nitrogen into a three-necked flask and maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere, then adding 10 g of polypropylene fiber, 3 g of xylene, 1 g of maleic anhydride, and 0.3 g of dibenzoyl peroxide as a thermal initiator; stirring the mixture and heating it to 50°C for 45 minutes to allow the polypropylene fiber to fully swell, then rapidly heating it to 90°C and stirring at 90°C for reaction for 3-4 hours; then transferring the polypropylene fiber to a Soxhlet extractor and extracting it with acetone for 12 hours to remove unreacted products; and finally drying the purified product in a vacuum oven at 60°C to constant weight to prepare the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber.

[0028] The invention discloses a method for preparing a homemade modified polypropylene fiber. The method comprises the following steps: placing maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber in a reaction vessel, adding 50 ml of xylene, sealing the reaction vessel, and shaking the reaction vessel at room temperature for 2 hours to allow the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber to be fully swollen; after shaking, sequentially adding a dispersion of branched polyethyleneimine and a dispersion of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; then heating the mixture to 45 degrees Celsius and continuing the shaking reaction for 8 hours; after the reaction is completed, filtering the reaction solution and recovering the fiber; washing the fiber twice with acetone and then twice with deionized water, and finally drying the fiber in a vacuum oven at 60°C to a constant weight to prepare the homemade modified polypropylene fiber.

[0029] The branched polyethyleneimine dispersion and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dispersion are prepared by dispersing 1 g of branched polyethyleneimine in 30 ml of xylene in a beaker and dispersing 0.9 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in 20 ml of xylene in another beaker.

[0030] The number average molecular weight of the branched polyethyleneimine is 600-1500.

[0031] A method for preparing a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau comprises the following steps: adding planting soil, homemade modified diatomaceous earth, biochar, cement, nano-silica, wood fiber, and homemade modified polypropylene fiber in a blender in sequence according to a mass ratio, and stirring evenly for 3 to 5 minutes; after fully stirring evenly, adding organic fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and continuing to stir for 3 to 5 minutes; finally, adding water in a proportion, and stirring evenly for 5 to 8 minutes, thereby preparing a matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau.

[0032] Example 2 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan plateau, comprising, by weight, 84 parts of planting soil, 9 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 5 parts of biochar, 11.5 parts of organic fertilizer, 2.5 parts of cement, 0.5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 0.7 parts of wood fiber, 1.4 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 2.0 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.4 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 38 parts of water; The biochar is peanut shell biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented cow dung; Among them, in Example 2, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber, and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0033] Example 3 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan plateau, comprising, by weight, 88 parts of planting soil, 10 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 6 parts of biochar, 13 parts of organic fertilizer, 3 parts of cement, 0.7 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 0.9 parts of wood fiber, 1.8 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 2.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.5 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 42 parts of water; The biochar is peanut shell biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented sheep manure; Among them, in Example 3, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber, and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0034] Example 4 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan plateau, comprising, by weight, 92 parts of planting soil, 12 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 7 parts of biochar, 15 parts of organic fertilizer, 3.8 parts of cement, 1.0 part of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.1 parts of wood fiber, 2.2 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.0 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.6 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 45 parts of water; The biochar is rice husk biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented chicken manure; Among them, in Example 4, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber, and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0035] Example 5 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan plateau, comprising, by weight, 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water; The biochar is rice husk biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented sheep manure; Among them, in Example 5, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber, and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0036] Example 6 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan plateau, comprising, by weight, 100 parts of planting soil, 15 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 8 parts of biochar, 18 parts of organic fertilizer, 5 parts of cement, 1.5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.5 parts of wood fiber, 3.0 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.8 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 50 parts of water; The biochar is rice husk biochar; The organic fertilizer is fermented sheep manure; Among them, in Example 6, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber, and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are all consistent with those in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau is composed of the following components, measured by weight: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

[0038] This comparative example 1 is based on Example 5, except that the modification operation of diatomaceous earth is omitted, and commercially available diatomaceous earth is directly added; the modification operation of polypropylene fiber is omitted, and commercially available polypropylene fiber is directly added; Among them, in Comparative Example 1, the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting is consistent with that in Example 5.

[0039] Comparative Example 2 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau is composed of the following components, calculated by weight: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

[0040] This comparative example 2 is based on Example 5, except that the modification operation of the polypropylene fiber is omitted, and commercially available polypropylene fiber is directly added; Among them, in Comparative Example 2, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are both consistent with those in Example 5.

[0041] Comparative Example 3 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau is composed of the following components, calculated by weight: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

[0042] This comparative example 3 is based on Example 5, except that the modification operation of diatomaceous earth was omitted, and commercially available diatomaceous earth was directly added; Among them, in Comparative Example 3, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are both consistent with those in Example 5.

[0043] Comparative Example 4 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau is composed of the following components, measured by weight: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of amino-diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

[0044] This comparative example 4 is based on Example 5, except that only the diatomaceous earth was pretreated, and the amino diatomaceous earth that had completed the pretreatment was directly added to the slope greening planting ecological matrix material; Among them, in Comparative Example 4, the preparation method of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are both consistent with those in Example 5.

[0045] Comparative Example 5 A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes on the western Sichuan plateau is composed of the following components, measured by weight: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

[0046] This comparative example 5 is based on Example 5, except that the homemade modified polypropylene fiber is replaced with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber, which is directly added to the slope greening planting ecological matrix material; Among them, in Comparative Example 5, the preparation method of the homemade modified diatomaceous earth and the preparation method of the ecological matrix material for slope greening planting are both consistent with those in Example 5.

[0047] Test example The ecological matrix materials prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were loaded into a ring knife mold with a height of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 61.8 mm. After compaction, the prepared ecological matrix material ring knife samples were packaged with plastic film and then placed in a constant temperature and moisturizing curing box with a relative humidity higher than 90% and a temperature maintained at 25°C. After curing for 7 days, the plastic film was removed to obtain the substrate sample, and the shear strength test and cracking effect test of the ecological matrix materials of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were respectively measured.

[0048] Shear strength test: An unsaturated soil triple direct shear apparatus, model HC-UDR-300, was used to complete the shear strength test of the samples of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5. The axial loading speed of the equipment was set to 1 mm / min, the normal stress was set to 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa, and the shear rate was set to 0.8 mm / min. After completing the test on the sample, the cohesion and internal friction angle data of the sample were collected.

[0049] Eco-matrix material cracking effect test: After ten dry-wet cycles, photos were taken to observe the cracking conditions of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and the length and area of the cracks were calculated using ImageJ software.

[0050] The dry-wet cycle is as follows: drying for 24 hours, wherein the moisture content of the sample is close to 0, and absorbing moisture for 12 hours, wherein the sample is close to saturated with water.

[0051] Anti-scour coefficient test: Take the ecological matrix materials for slope greening planting of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5, prepare them into base slurry, and spray them on the anti-scour groove through spraying equipment; the spraying pressure is constant, and the anti-scour groove is uniformly covered with a thin layer of sand for roughening, and the spraying thickness is controlled at 2 cm; after the spraying is completed, it is placed at room temperature and cured for 7 days; then the original soil scouring method is used for scouring, the flushing flow rate is 120L / h, and the slope of the anti-scour groove is 10° and 20°; during the scouring process, observe and record the damage of the substrate, such as gullies, peeling, overall sliding, etc., or visually judge that the remaining substrate volume in the anti-scour groove is about one-third of the initial spraying volume, stop water supply; and collect the scour material; the anti-scour coefficient is calculated by the following method: AS=q·t / m, where AS represents the anti-scour coefficient, q is the flushing flow rate, t is the flushing time, and m is the dry weight of the scoured substrate.

[0052] The shear strength test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 The test results of the cracking effect of ecological matrix materials are shown in Table 2: Table 2 The test results of the anti-scour coefficient are shown in Table 3: Table 3 Comprehensive performance analysis: The cohesion and internal friction angle of the ecological matrix materials of Examples 1-6 are much higher than those of all comparative examples 1-5. The possible reason is that the difference between Example 5 and Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 is only that the incorporated fiber is homemade modified polypropylene fiber, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber, or commercially available polypropylene fiber; the homemade modified polypropylene fiber in the components of Example 5 is first grafted with maleic anhydride and then subjected to a secondary acylation reaction with branched polyethyleneimine; branched polyethyleneimine has a polyamine structure, which introduces a large number of amino groups on the surface of the polypropylene fiber and forms a more complex branched structure; the homemade modified polypropylene fiber of the present application significantly increases the number of raised peaks and concave valleys on the fiber surface, resulting in a significant increase in its specific surface area and roughness; this not only greatly enhances the hydrophilic properties of the fiber, which is conducive to its uniform dispersion in the ecological matrix, but also strengthens the physical embedding and interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix, thereby giving the ecological matrix material higher cohesion and the ability to resist shear damage.

[0053] Comparing Example 5, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, it can be found that the homemade modified diatomite after amination and polybutylene itaconate grafting is compared with the unmodified diatomite and the diatomite treated only with amination. It can be found that by introducing amination and grafting treatment to the diatomite, the surface of the homemade modified diatomite is successfully grafted with polybutylene itaconate chains, which form a core-shell complex with the diatomite having a network structure; this structure not only gives the homemade modified diatomite more active terminal hydroxyl groups and double bonds, but also provides more active crosslinking points. , which enhances its reactivity and free volume; and a strong chemical bond is formed between the diatomaceous earth and the polybutylene itaconate chain, which is stronger than the intermolecular force of the polybutylene itaconate; therefore, when the ecological matrix material is deformed by stress, the homemade modified diatomaceous earth in the components of this application can exert a significant stress release and bridging effect, effectively disperse stress, prevent crack propagation, and ensure the structural integrity of the matrix material under environmental changes such as drying and wetting, and the diatomaceous earth has a relatively light weight, which can ensure its stability on the slopes of the western Sichuan plateau.

[0054] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 5 is that the modification operation of diatomaceous earth is omitted, and commercially available diatomaceous earth is directly added; the modification operation of polypropylene fiber is omitted, and commercially available polypropylene fiber is directly added; it also shows the worst anti-scouring performance, indicating that directly using commercially available materials is difficult to resist hydraulic erosion.

[0055] The ecological matrix materials in Examples 1-5 of the present application, wherein the homemade modified diatomaceous earth can give the matrix material the ability of micro-stress dispersion and bridging, combined with the strong physical anchoring achieved by the uniform dispersion and surface roughening of the homemade modified polypropylene fiber in the matrix due to the improved hydrophilicity, the synergistic effect of the two not only improves the overall mechanical strength and crack resistance of the matrix material, but also makes the internal structure of the matrix material tighter and the pore distribution more reasonable; this strong and stable structure can effectively resist the impact of rainwater and the erosion of runoff, reduce soil erosion, and thus has excellent resistance to rainwater erosion, can effectively protect the slope surface, and promote the rapid establishment and stable growth of vegetation.

[0056] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau, characterized in that: The specific composition is as follows by weight: 80-100 parts of planting soil, 8-15 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 4-8 parts of biochar, 10-18 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of cement, 0.3-1.5 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 0.5-1.5 parts of wood fiber, 1.0-3.0 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 1.5-3.5 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.3-0.8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 35-50 parts of water.

2. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, its specific composition is: 96 parts of planting soil, 14 parts of homemade modified diatomaceous earth, 7.5 parts of biochar, 17 parts of organic fertilizer, 4.5 parts of cement, 1.3 parts of nano-silicon dioxide, 1.3 parts of wood fiber, 2.6 parts of homemade modified polypropylene fiber, 3.3 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 48 parts of water.

3. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is one of peanut shell biochar and rice husk biochar.

4. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is one of fermented cow dung, fermented sheep dung and fermented chicken dung.

5. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slow-release compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing polyurethane-coated urea, potassium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

6. A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan Plateau according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The homemade modified diatomite is prepared by the following method: placing amino diatomite in DMF and ultrasonically dispersing it for 15 minutes to form a suspended dispersion; adding polybutylene glycol itaconate to the DMF and stirring it to completely dissolve it to form a polybutylene glycol itaconate solution; under the protection of an inert gas, slowly dropping the polybutylene glycol itaconate solution into the suspended dispersion while stirring; during the continuous stirring process, raising the temperature of the reaction system to 100 degrees Celsius, maintaining stirring, and continuing the reaction for 12 hours; after the reaction is completed, stopping heating and allowing the reaction system to naturally cool to room temperature; separating a solid product by suction filtration, washing the solid product with anhydrous ethanol three times to remove unreacted substances, and then placing the product in a vacuum drying oven to dry to constant weight, thereby preparing the homemade modified diatomite.

7. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 6, characterized in that: The amination-modified diatomaceous earth is prepared by the following method: placing diatomaceous earth in a beaker, adding an HCl solution and soaking for 1 hour, then thoroughly washing the treated diatomaceous earth particles with ultrapure water until neutral, and finally drying them in a vacuum at 60 degrees Celsius for 12 hours; taking the diatomaceous earth particles treated with HCl, mixing them with an ethanol solution containing APTES, ultrasonically treating the mixture for 30 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed suspension, stirring the suspension at 60 degrees Celsius for 8 hours to ensure that the amination reaction is complete, collecting the product by centrifugation and washing it several times with ethanol and deionized water, and drying the obtained product in a vacuum at 60 degrees Celsius for 12 hours to prepare the amination-modified diatomaceous earth.

8. A matrix material for ecological restoration of slopes in the western Sichuan Plateau according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The homemade modified polypropylene fiber is prepared by the following method: placing maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene fiber in a reaction vessel, adding xylene, sealing the reaction vessel, and shaking the reaction vessel at room temperature for 2 hours; after the shaking is completed, adding a dispersion of branched polyethyleneimine and a dispersion of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in sequence; then heating to 45 degrees Celsius and continuing the shaking reaction for 8 hours; after the reaction is completed, filtering the reaction liquid and recovering the fiber; washing the fiber twice with acetone, then washing it twice with deionized water, and finally drying it in a vacuum oven at 60 degrees Celsius to constant weight to prepare the homemade modified polypropylene fiber.

9. The matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number average molecular weight of the branched polyethyleneimine is 600-1500.

10. The method for preparing a matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan Plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding planting soil, homemade modified diatomaceous earth, biochar, cement, nano-silica, wood fiber, and homemade modified polypropylene fiber into a blender in sequence according to a mass ratio, and uniformly stirring for 3 to 5 minutes; after fully and uniformly stirring, adding organic fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and continuing to stir for 3 to 5 minutes; and finally adding water according to a ratio, and uniformly stirring for 5 to 8 minutes, thereby preparing a matrix material for slope ecological restoration in the western Sichuan plateau.

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