High polymer elastic and toughened seamless expansion joint structure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge and tunnel engineering, in particular to a high polymer elastic and tough body seamless expansion joint structure and a preparation method thereof, and the high polymer elastic and tough body seamless expansion joint structure comprises a notch formed by two supporting bodies; at the bottom of the notch, the two supporting bodies are connected through a seam crossing plate with the top side and the bottom side both in a tooth shape, and the tooth section is in a trapezoid shape. The inner wall of the notch is coated with a macromolecular interface binder; the seam crossing plate, the two supporting bodies and the temperature change active compensation layer form an interlocking structure; the top of the temperature change active compensation layer is sequentially provided with a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer, a high polymer elastic toughening body and a resin anti-sliding wear-resistant layer from bottom to top; the Ti-Ni shape memory alloy wire is combined with the nano-modified asphalt-epoxy resin interpenetrating network, and is matched with the trapezoidal tooth-shaped stainless steel-silicon rubber joint crossing plate and the macromolecular interface binder, so that active deformation compensation is realized, and the service life of the structure is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge and tunnel engineering, and in particular to a polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of bridge and tunnel engineering, expansion joints are critical structures used to accommodate linear deformations of bridge or tunnel structures caused by temperature fluctuations, vehicle loads, concrete shrinkage and creep, and earthquakes, thereby preventing structural cracking and damage. Their core function is to maintain the continuity, integrity, and smoothness of the bridge or tunnel pavement while allowing structural components to expand and contract freely. Common types include modular expansion joints and seamless expansion joints, typically made of steel, rubber, and polymer composites. They must exhibit excellent elasticity, durability, water resistance, and impact resistance.

[0003] In recent years, seamless expansion joint technology has achieved bridge deck continuity through polymer materials, which has improved smoothness to a certain extent, but it still faces many technical bottlenecks: First, traditional temperature-change compensation layers are mostly passive elastic materials that cannot actively respond to temperature-induced deformation. After long-term service, they are prone to interlayer delamination due to accumulated strain; second, the interfacial bonding between the span plate and the base structure relies on a single adhesive. In an environment with alternating humidity and temperature, the bonding force decays significantly, forming a weak link in the structure; third, the existing material system has insufficient fatigue resistance, especially under heavy traffic or high-frequency vibration conditions, and is prone to elastic-plastic deformation failure, resulting in high full-cycle maintenance costs.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to deepen the understanding of the overall background technology of the present invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure and a preparation method thereof, and proposes an intelligent active compensation seamless expansion joint system. By combining Ti-Ni shape memory alloy wire with nano-modified asphalt-epoxy resin interpenetrating network, combined with trapezoidal toothed stainless steel-silicone rubber cross-joint plates and polymer interface adhesives, active deformation compensation is achieved, the service life of the structure is improved, construction energy consumption is reduced, and full-cycle maintenance costs are reduced, thereby significantly improving the reliability and durability of bridge and tunnel expansion joints.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a seamless expansion joint structure for a polymer elastomer, comprising a slot formed by two supporting bodies; at the bottom of the slot, the two supporting bodies are connected by a cross-slot plate having teeth on both the top and bottom sides, and the teeth have a trapezoidal cross-section, more specifically, an isosceles trapezoid; the cross-slot plate connects the supporting bodies on both sides of the slot, and mechanically interlocks with the supporting bodies and the temperature-dependent active compensation layer through the top and bottom tooth structures, providing mechanical support for the structural connection, ensuring that the supporting bodies on both sides are subjected to coordinated force during deformation, avoiding breakage or detachment. The trapezoidal tooth cross-section design enhances interlocking stability and adapts to stress transfer during expansion and contraction deformation;

[0007] The inner wall of the slot is coated with a polymer interface adhesive. The polymer interface adhesive is applied to the inner wall of the slot, which enhances the interface adhesion through penetration, forming a dual connection of chemical bonding and physical interlocking between the cross-seam plate, the support body and the temperature-changing active compensation layer, thereby improving the interlayer bonding strength and preventing peeling failure.

[0008] It also includes a temperature-dependent active compensation layer, with the cross-seam plate, two supporting bodies, and the temperature-dependent active compensation layer forming an interlocking structure. The temperature-dependent active compensation layer forms an interlocking structure with the cross-seam plate and the supporting body. Through the temperature-dependent response characteristics of its own material, it actively adapts to the structural expansion and contraction deformation caused by ambient temperature changes, reduces the accumulation of temperature stress, and realizes active adjustment of deformation.

[0009] The top of the temperature-variable active compensation layer is provided with a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer, a polymer elastomer, and a resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer in order from bottom to top. More specifically, the temperature-variable active compensation layer, the phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer, the polymer elastomer, and the resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer fill the notch and form a stable whole through the good bonding properties of the polymer interface adhesive.

[0010] The phase-change toughening synergistic bonding layer adjusts its toughness under the action of temperature or load, enhancing the cooperative deformation ability between the temperature-changing active compensation layer and the polymer elastomer. It absorbs energy through phase change characteristics, avoids local stress concentration, and improves the interlayer bonding toughness and fatigue resistance. The polymer elastomer serves as the core load-bearing layer, utilizing the elasticity and bearing capacity of the polymer material to disperse the stress generated by vehicle loads, absorb vibration energy, resist fatigue damage under repeated loads, and ensure the long-term load stability of the structure. The resin anti-skid and wear-resistant layer is located on the top layer, providing wear-resistant and anti-skid surface functions, withstanding direct vehicle friction and load impact, protecting the underlying structure from wear, while also ensuring driving smoothness and safety.

[0011] The cross-seam plate and the polymer interface adhesive construct a basic connection framework to ensure reliable anchoring of the support body and the functional layer in the slot. The temperature-changing active compensation layer is combined with the interlocking structure to realize active adjustment of temperature deformation and reduce stress accumulation. The phase change toughening layer coordinates the deformation consistency of the upper and lower layers to improve the overall fatigue resistance. The elastic bearing layer evenly disperses the load and absorbs energy to enhance the durability of the structure; the wear-resistant layer provides surface protection to avoid external damage; the functions of each layer complement each other and work together to achieve integrated performance improvement of the seamless expansion joint in deformation compensation, load transfer, interface bonding and surface protection, significantly enhancing the reliability and service life of the bridge and tunnel expansion joint.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer interface adhesive comprises, by weight: 40-50 parts of modified acrylic ester emulsion, 1-2 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.5-1 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.3-0.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agent and 2-3 parts of plasticizer;

[0013] The polymer interface adhesive of the present invention is based on modified acrylic ester emulsion. While providing basic bonding strength, it ensures long-term outdoor performance stability with excellent weather resistance. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether is used as a surfactant to reduce interfacial tension, so that the adhesive can evenly infiltrate the porous substrate on the inner wall of the groove; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose adjusts the system consistency by thickening and retaining water and delays water evaporation, ensuring that the adhesive fully penetrates the pores of the substrate to form a mechanically anchored physical mosaic structure; the silane coupling agent acts as a molecular bridge, one end of which chemically reacts with the inorganic substrate (such as concrete silicate) and the other end is compatible with the organic resin to construct chemical bonds at the interface to eliminate compatibility barriers; the defoamer eliminates construction bubbles to ensure that the bonding layer is uniform and dense, avoiding hollowing defects; the plasticizer improves the flexibility after curing, so that the bonding layer can expand and contract synergistically with the deformation of the substrate to reduce the risk of brittle cracking, significantly improves the bonding strength and peeling resistance, effectively prevents the failure of the expansion joint due to interface peeling, provides a reliable basic connection for the overall structure, and enhances service stability.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-seam plate comprises, from the inside to the outside, a base layer, an intermediate layer, a surface layer, and a protective layer. The base layer is a stainless steel foil, the intermediate layer is methyl vinyl silicone rubber, the surface layer is a stainless steel foil punched into a toothed shape, and the protective layer is an epoxy zinc phosphate primer. More specifically, the stainless steel foil is 0.3 mm thick, and the methyl vinyl silicone rubber is 2 mm thick. The three layers are formed into an integral body by peroxide vulcanization. Specifically, the peroxide initiates a cross-linking reaction of the silicone rubber, forming a chemical covalent bond between the stainless steel base layer, the silicone rubber intermediate layer, and the toothed surface layer, eliminating weak areas at the interlayer interfaces and ensuring that the three layers are subjected to coordinated forces to prevent peeling failure.

[0015] The cross-slit plate of the present invention uses stainless steel foil as a base layer to provide rigid support, and the methyl vinyl silicone rubber middle layer plays a flexible buffering role to absorb temperature and load stress. The stainless steel foil with a toothed surface is enhanced by a trapezoidal cross-section to enhance the mechanical interlocking stability with the notch and the temperature-changing active compensation layer. The three are chemically bonded to form a whole through a vulcanization process, eliminating the weak area at the interface between the layers, ensuring the coordinated force of rigid bearing, flexible deformation and mechanical anchoring; the epoxy zinc phosphate primer coated on the surface is combined with the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel material to isolate the external corrosive medium and extend the service life; the trapezoidal tooth structure cooperates with the elastic deformation ability of the silicone rubber to achieve free expansion and contraction and excessive displacement limitation within a controllable range, forming complementary advantages in load transfer, temperature change adaptation and interface bonding reliability, and significantly improving the mechanical stability, durability and deformation coordination ability of the expansion joint structure.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-slit plate is bonded to both the supporting bodies and the temperature-dependent active compensation layer. More specifically, the bottom of the cross-slit plate is coated with an epoxy-phenolic adhesive. The epoxy-phenolic adhesive and the polymer interface adhesive form a composite bonding system through chemical synergy, interface reinforcement, and performance complementarity: the epoxy resin contained in the former undergoes a condensation reaction with the silane coupling agent in the latter to form Si-OC covalent bonds to achieve chemical cross-linking, and the flexible chain segments of the phenolic resin and the modified acrylic ester emulsion are entangled through van der Waals forces to form a rigid-flexible interpenetrating network, thereby improving high temperature resistance and fatigue resistance. The latter first penetrates the pores of the substrate to form a mechanical anchor, and the former further nests, penetrates, and solidifies to form a double mechanical bite.

[0017] More specifically, an acid ester coupling agent is applied to the top of the cross-seam plate, and a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer is applied to the bottom of the temperature-changing active compensation layer where it contacts the cross-seam plate. The former serves as an activation layer on the surface of the silicone rubber of the cross-seam plate, and constructs a high-strength chemical connection through the reaction of alkoxy groups with the silanol / hydroxyl groups of the phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer; the latter relies on the entanglement of the double bond groups of the silane coupling agent KH-570 and the organic chain segments of the titanate to enhance the interface compatibility, and at the same time utilizes the reinforcing effect of white carbon black filler and nano-TiO2 to synergistically improve the mechanical properties and weather resistance of the interface layer.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature-dependent active compensation layer comprises, by weight, 12-18 parts of a Ti-Ni shape memory alloy, 95-105 parts of a methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix, 25-35 parts of white carbon black, 3-8 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, and 1-5 parts of carbon nanotubes. More specifically, the white carbon black is produced by a vapor phase method. This method uses a chemical vapor deposition process to achieve a uniform and controllable particle size of the white carbon black, high purity, and a surface rich in active hydroxyl groups, which can produce a strong physical and chemical reaction with the silicone rubber matrix, significantly improving the tensile strength, tear strength, and wear resistance of the material.

[0019] In the temperature-changing active compensation layer of the present invention, Ti-Ni shape memory alloy serves as the core functional component. By virtue of the martensite-austenite phase transformation characteristics and the preset deformation of 8%, it actively generates telescopic deformation within the temperature range of -50°C to 100°C, accurately compensating for structural displacement; the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix provides flexible support that is resistant to high temperature and aging, wraps and fixes the alloy wire and strengthens the interlayer bonding through cross-linking with the bonding layer through vinyl groups; fumed silica serves as a nano-scale reinforcing filler, and forms a physical and chemical reaction with the silicone rubber matrix through surface hydroxyl groups, significantly improving tensile strength, tear strength and wear resistance; dimethyl silicone oil serves as a plasticizer to reduce the viscosity of the matrix, improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes and coordinate deformation stress; carbon nanotubes serve as one-dimensional nano-reinforcements, and form a conductive and thermal conductive network by entanglement with silicone rubber molecular chains, which not only improves fatigue resistance and inhibits crack propagation, but also accelerates heat conduction so that the alloy wire responds quickly to temperature changes.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a temperature-variable active compensation layer includes:

[0021] The Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is made into a 0.5mm diameter coil spring-shaped wire and pre-deformed by 6-10%. The Ti-Ni alloy is processed into a 0.5mm diameter coil spring shape and given a 6-10% pre-deformation (plastic deformation in the martensite state) to impart shape memory properties. This allows the alloy wire to actively restore its original shape and generate a contraction force when the temperature rises to the austenite phase transition point (or reverse deformation when the temperature drops), providing a driving force for temperature change compensation and ensuring controllable deformation direction and precise amplitude.

[0022] Add dimethyl silicone oil to the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix and mix for 5-8 minutes until the dimethyl silicone oil is completely integrated into the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix to form a uniform flexible carrier; dimethyl silicone oil is integrated into the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix as a plasticizer to reduce the matrix viscosity, improve processing fluidity, and facilitate subsequent filler dispersion; at the same time, it gives the matrix moderate flexibility, reduces the matrix rigidity constraint when the alloy wire is deformed, and coordinates the deformation consistency of the two phases;

[0023] Adding white carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the flexible carrier and continuing to mix for 10-15 minutes to obtain a temperature-changing body;

[0024] The coil spring-shaped wire is evenly laid on the surface of the temperature-changing body, and the coil spring-shaped wire is embedded in the temperature-changing body by rolling. The pre-deformed alloy wire is evenly laid on the surface of the temperature-changing body, and the wire and the temperature-changing body are tightly combined by rolling to form an alloy wire-rubber composite load-bearing structure, ensuring that the deformation stress of the alloy wire can be effectively transferred to the temperature-changing body, avoiding compensation failure caused by interface slip, and at the same time, the rolling process eliminates bubbles and improves the density of the material.

[0025] And at the bottom of the temperature change body, a tooth-shaped groove is formed across the seam plate.

[0026] The above method converts the shape memory effect of the Ti-Ni alloy into directional telescopic deformation by making the Ti-Ni shape memory alloy into a spiral spring-shaped wire and applying a pre-deformation, actively offsetting the linear displacement of the bridge and tunnel structure caused by temperature change. The compensation accuracy is more than three times higher than that of the traditional passive elastic layer, avoiding structural cracking caused by strain accumulation.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase change toughening cooperative bonding layer includes component A and component B;

[0028] In parts by weight, component A includes 90-105 parts of hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber, 20-30 parts of fumed silica and 2-8 parts of nano-TiO2 particles; more specifically, the brand of hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber is KE-103, and the specific surface area of silica is 200m 2 / g, the particle size of nano-TiO2 particles is 50nm; white carbon black is also prepared by gas phase method;

[0029] Component B contains 5-12 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 0.2-1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 1-6 parts of a silane coupling agent. Tetraethyl orthosilicate is used as a crosslinking agent, dibutyltin dilaurate is used as a catalyst, and the silane coupling agent is KH-570, which contains a double bond group and reacts with the elastic layer acrylate material.

[0030] When using, mix according to the mass ratio of A:B=10:1, and apply with a thickness of 1-2mm;

[0031] In the phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer, the hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber (KE-103) of component A forms the elastic matrix as the main body. Its two hydroxyl groups participate in the cross-linking reaction, giving the bonding layer elastic buffer stress. The fumed silica (specific surface area 200m 2 / g) enhances mechanical properties and improves processing performance by binding to silicone rubber molecules to limit molecular chain slip; nano-TiO2 particles improve weather resistance and enhance toughening effects, absorb ultraviolet rays and disperse external impact stress. In component B, ethyl orthosilicate acts as a crosslinker, crosslinking with silicone rubber under the catalysis of dibutyltin dilaurate to form a three-dimensional network structure, improving the strength, hardness and heat resistance of the bonding layer; the silane coupling agent KH-570 reacts with the polymer interface adhesive acrylate through double bond groups, and the silane alkoxy groups bind to the surface of adjacent materials, enhancing interfacial bonding.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer elastomer comprises, by weight:

[0033] Interpenetrating network matrix: 35-45 parts of 70# base asphalt, 1-4 parts of nano-silica, 1-5 parts of SBS block copolymer, 1-3 parts of compatibilizer, 15-25 parts of epoxy resin, 2-8 parts of SBS grafted epoxy resin, 10-15 parts of polyamide curing agent, and 1-4 parts of reactive diluent. The nano-silica has a particle size of 20-50nm and is surface-modified with stearic acid to improve its compatibility with the matrix material, enabling it to be better dispersed in the matrix and fully exert its reinforcing effect. The epoxy resin used is E-51, which has good fluidity, high reactivity, excellent bonding properties, and good stability.

[0034] Reinforced filler system: 20-30 parts of 10-15mm diabase crushed stone, 5-10 parts of 1-3mm particle size vermiculite, 0.3-1 part of 10-20nm outer diameter, 5-10μm length multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and 0.1-0.5 part of dispersant. The diabase crushed stone is surface-modified with KH-570 silane coupling agent to improve the bonding performance between the diabase crushed stone and the matrix material, enabling the crushed stone to better bond with the matrix and jointly withstand external forces. The vermiculite is surface-modified with DL-411 aluminate coupling agent to improve the compatibility between the vermiculite and the matrix material, allowing it to be evenly dispersed in the matrix and fully exert its performance advantages.

[0035] Functional additives: toughening agent 1-4 parts, defoaming agent 0.2-1 parts, leveling agent 0.1-1.6 parts, antioxidant 0.3-1 parts;

[0036] When using the polymer elastomer of the present invention, first, 70# matrix asphalt is heated to improve its fluidity. Then, nano-silica modified with stearic acid, SBS block copolymer, and compatibilizer are sequentially added to the molten matrix asphalt and stirred thoroughly. Due to the stearic acid modification on the surface, the nano-silica can better be compatible with the asphalt matrix and evenly dispersed, filling the gaps between the asphalt molecules and enhancing the strength and stability of the matrix. The SBS block copolymer gradually swells and disperses in the asphalt during stirring, improving the elasticity and low-temperature performance of the asphalt. The compatibilizer reduces the interfacial energy between different components and promotes uniform mixing of the components.

[0037] E-51 epoxy resin and SBS grafted epoxy resin were added to the above mixture. These two epoxy resins have different properties. E-51 epoxy resin has higher reactivity and strength, while SBS grafted epoxy resin combines the elasticity of SBS with the adhesiveness of epoxy resin. During the stirring process, the epoxy resin molecules began to diffuse in the system formed by the asphalt and other components. Due to the effect of the compatibilizer, the interfacial tension between the epoxy resin and the asphalt and other components was reduced, allowing the epoxy resin to be better dispersed throughout the system, and the beginning of the formation of interpenetrating prototypes.

[0038] The addition of polyamide curing agent and reactive diluent reduces the viscosity of the epoxy resin system and improves its fluidity, which facilitates full contact between the curing agent and the epoxy resin. The polyamide curing agent undergoes a cross-linking reaction with the E-51 epoxy resin and the SBS grafted epoxy resin. During the reaction, a three-dimensional network structure is formed between the epoxy resin molecules through the curing agent. At the same time, due to the sufficient mixing and dispersion of the various components in the early stage, this three-dimensional network structure interpenetrates with the system formed by asphalt, SBS, etc., forming a true interpenetrating network structure.

[0039] During the formation of the interpenetrating network matrix, a reinforcing filler system and functional additives are added. After surface modification, the diabase crushed stone, vermiculite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the reinforcing filler system can better combine with the interpenetrating network matrix and disperse in the interpenetrating network, further enhancing the mechanical properties and stability of the entire material without destroying the structure of the interpenetrating network.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer comprises, by weight:

[0041] Phase A: 90-110 parts of epoxy resin, 8-15 parts of polysulfide rubber toughening agent, 3-9 parts of 50nm nano-aluminum oxide; more specifically, the epoxy resin is also selected from E-51;

[0042] Phase B: 25-35 parts of amine curing agent, 45-50 parts of 80 mesh quartz sand, 15-25 parts of 60 mesh corundum;

[0043] In the resin anti-skid and wear-resistant layer, the E-51 epoxy resin of phase A serves as the matrix, which forms a high-strength three-dimensional network structure by cross-linking with the amine curing agent of phase B, providing basic adhesion and chemical corrosion resistance; the polysulfide rubber toughening agent is embedded in the epoxy resin network, and the flexible chain segments absorb impact energy, reduce brittleness and improve fatigue resistance; 50nm nano-alumina is evenly dispersed in the matrix, and its high hardness strengthens the internal wear-resistant skeleton while optimizing the surface micro-roughness; 80-mesh quartz sand is used as the skeleton filler, and the interlayer friction coefficient is improved through grading design, providing basic anti-skid ability; 60-mesh corundum is used as the surface spreading material, and its extremely high hardness directly acts on the friction interface to form sharp wear-resistant particles, significantly improving the surface's ability to resist wheel crushing and rain and snow erosion, and enhancing the anti-skid performance in wet and slippery environments.

[0044] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure, comprising:

[0045] Digging at the connection between the two supports to form the notch, wherein the notch has a tooth groove that matches the teeth, cleaning the notch, sandblasting and removing rust on the surface of the cross-seam plate, and applying primer;

[0046] More specifically, the design width was marked, and excavation was carried out to the designed depth using an integrated dust collection and cutting device. A high-pressure water gun was used to wash away floating dust, and the base surface was dried using an instant heating device. After drying, it was polished with sandpaper to ensure a certain degree of roughness. The surface of the cross-seam plate was sandblasted to Sa2.5 grade and then coated with epoxy zinc phosphate primer (film thickness 20μm).

[0047] Applying a polymer interface adhesive to the inner wall of the notch and curing it; more specifically, using a hard brush to evenly apply the polymer interface adhesive to the bottom and both sides of the notch, curing it at room temperature for 2 hours to form a bonding layer with a penetration depth of ≥2 mm;

[0048] Apply adhesive to the bottom of the cross-seam plate and place it into the tooth groove, and fix it with expansion bolts. Remove the expansion bolts after it has been left to stand.

[0049] An acid ester coupling agent is applied to the top of the cross-slit plate, and a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer is applied to the bottom of the temperature-variable active compensation layer. The grooves of the temperature-variable active compensation layer form an interlocking structure with the teeth at the top of the cross-slit plate. A pressure roller is used to apply pressure to the temperature-variable active compensation layer and cure it. More specifically, a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer with a thickness of 1 mm is applied to the inner wall of the groove of the prefabricated temperature-variable active compensation layer. The layer is then aligned with the top teeth of the cross-slit plate to form a mechanical interlocking between the teeth and the groove. A pressure of 0.5 MPa is applied with a pressure roller, and the layer is cured at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0050] Spray the phase change toughening synergistic adhesive layer on the surface of the temperature change active compensation layer and let it stand. More specifically, the thickness of the phase change toughening synergistic adhesive layer is 1-2 mm. Let it stand for 30 minutes. When the surface is no longer sticky, proceed to the next step.

[0051] The polymer elastomer and the resin anti-skid and wear-resistant layers are laid in sequence. More specifically, when laying the polymer elastomer, the 70# base asphalt is heated to make it have good fluidity. The stearic acid-modified nano-silica, SBS block copolymer, compatibilizer, etc. are sequentially added to the molten base asphalt and fully stirred. Then, E-51 epoxy resin and SBS grafted epoxy resin are added. After stirring, polyamide curing agent and reactive diluent are added. After stirring, reinforcing filler system and functional additives are added. The layer is then paved to a thickness of 5-7 cm and immediately rolled three times with a roller. The temperature is controlled at 110-130°C.

[0052] When laying the resin anti-skid and wear-resistant layer, mix phase A and phase B (except corundum) in a mass ratio of 10:5, stir at a low speed until there is no agglomeration, and apply with a serrated scraper to a thickness of 3-5mm. Immediately spread 60 mesh corundum (dosage 1.5kg / m 2 ) as anti-slip aggregate and avoid contact with water or oil during the process.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) With Ti-Ni shape memory alloy wire and trapezoidal toothed stainless steel-silicone rubber cross-joint plate as the core, the present invention breaks through the passive response limitations of traditional expansion joints. The Ti-Ni alloy wire, with its unique phase change properties, can actively expand and contract according to the ambient temperature, accurately compensate for the displacement of the bridge and tunnel structure caused by temperature changes, and effectively avoid cracking caused by stress accumulation. The cross-joint plate adopts an isosceles trapezoidal tooth design, and forms a mechanical interlocking with the support body and the temperature-changing active compensation layer through the top and bottom teeth. The chemical and physical dual connection constructed by the polymer interface adhesive ensures that the various components are synergistically stressed, and improves the stability of the structure during expansion and contraction deformation. It not only realizes active deformation compensation, but also significantly enhances the overall reliability of the expansion joint by optimizing the connection method, providing long-term protection for the bridge and tunnel structure.

[0054] 2) The combination of the nano-modified asphalt-epoxy resin interpenetrating network of the present invention and the materials of each functional layer gives the expansion joint excellent comprehensive performance. The polymer elastomer achieves a balance between elasticity and load-bearing capacity through the interpenetrating network of asphalt and epoxy resin, combined with nano-fillers and reinforced aggregates, effectively dispersing vehicle loads, absorbing vibrations, and resisting fatigue damage. The temperature-dependent active compensation layer uses methyl vinyl silicone rubber as a matrix, wraps Ti-Ni alloy wire, and adds nano-scale reinforcements, which not only ensures the deformation driving ability of the alloy wire but also improves the heat resistance and wear resistance of the layer. The phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer adjusts the toughness under the action of temperature or load, enhances the collaborative deformation ability of the interlayer, and avoids local stress concentration. The top layer of the resin anti-skid and wear-resistant layer uses an epoxy resin matrix and hard aggregate to provide excellent wear and anti-skid properties, protecting the underlying structure from wear. The materials of each functional layer cooperate with each other to form a complete system from mechanical load to surface protection, significantly improving the service life and durability of the expansion joint.

[0055] 3) The preparation method of the present invention not only reduces construction energy consumption, but also reduces the maintenance requirements of expansion joints during use, thereby reducing costs throughout the entire cycle from construction to service. At the same time, by virtue of the characteristics of active compensation, reliable connection and efficient protection, it significantly improves the overall reliability of bridge and tunnel expansion joints, providing an economical and efficient solution for infrastructure construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0057] Markings in the attached figure: 1. Resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer; 2. Polymer elastomer; 3. Phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer; 4. Temperature change active compensation layer; 5. Polymer interface adhesive; 6. Cross-seam plate; 7. Support body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] The toughening agent, defoaming agent, leveling agent and antioxidant in the specific embodiment are all obtained from commercial sources;

[0060] Example 1:

[0061] Materials preparation:

[0062] Penetration-enhanced polymer interface adhesive: by weight, 45 parts of modified acrylic emulsion, 1.5 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.8 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.4 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.15 parts of defoaming agent and 2.5 parts of plasticizer; mix these materials evenly in proportion and set aside.

[0063] Cross-seam plate: The base layer is made of 0.3mm thick stainless steel foil, the middle layer is 2mm thick methyl vinyl silicone rubber, and the surface layer is 0.3mm stainless steel foil punched into isosceles trapezoidal teeth. The three are formed into a whole through peroxide vulcanization process, and then epoxy zinc phosphate primer (film thickness 20μm) is applied on the surface.

[0064] Temperature-dependent active compensation layer: Prepare, by weight, 15 parts of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy, 100 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix, 30 parts of fumed silica, 5 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, and 3 parts of carbon nanotubes;

[0065] The preparation method is as follows: Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is made into a coil spring-shaped wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm and pre-set to 8% deformation;

[0066] Add dimethyl silicone oil to the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix and mix for 6 minutes until the dimethyl silicone oil is completely integrated into the matrix to form a uniform flexible carrier;

[0067] Add fumed silica and carbon nanotubes to the flexible carrier and continue mixing for 12 minutes to obtain a temperature-variable body;

[0068] The spiral spring-shaped wire material is evenly laid on the surface of the temperature-changing body, rolled to embed the wire material into the temperature-changing body, and a tooth-shaped groove is formed on the bottom of the temperature-changing body according to the cross-seam plate.

[0069] Phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer:

[0070] Component A: 95 parts of hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber (brand KE-103), fumed silica (specific surface area of 200m 2 / g) 25 parts and nano-TiO2 particles (particle size 50nm) 5 parts;

[0071] Component B: 8 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 0.6 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 3 parts of silane coupling agent KH-570;

[0072] When using, mix according to the mass ratio of A:B=10:1.

[0073] Elastic load-bearing composite polymer elastomer:

[0074] Interpenetrating network matrix: 40 parts of 70# base asphalt, 2 parts of nano-silica (particle size 30nm, surface modified with stearic acid), 3 parts of SBS block copolymer, 2 parts of compatibilizer, 20 parts of E-51 epoxy resin, 5 parts of SBS grafted epoxy resin, 12 parts of polyamide curing agent, and 2 parts of active diluent.

[0075] Reinforced filler system: 25 parts of 12mm diabase crushed stone (surface modified with KH-570 silane coupling agent), 7 parts of 2mm vermiculite (surface modified with DL-411 aluminate coupling agent), 0.6 parts of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an outer diameter of 15nm and a length of 7μm, and 0.4 parts of dispersant.

[0076] Functional additives: 3 parts of toughening agent, 0.8 parts of defoaming agent, 1.2 parts of leveling agent, and 1 part of antioxidant.

[0077] Resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer:

[0078] Phase A: 100 parts of E-51 epoxy resin, 12 parts of polysulfide rubber toughening agent, and 6 parts of 50nm nano-alumina;

[0079] Phase B: 30 parts of amine curing agent, 47 parts of 80 mesh quartz sand, and 20 parts of 60 mesh corundum.

[0080] Use the above materials to prepare Figure 1 The method for forming a seamless expansion joint structure of a polymer elastomer comprises:

[0081] S1: Excavate the connection between the two supports to form a notch with a tooth groove that matches the teeth. Draw lines according to the designed width and use dust collection and cutting integrated equipment to excavate to the designed depth. Use a high-pressure water gun to wash away the dust. Use instant heating equipment to dry the base surface. After drying, use sandpaper to polish it to ensure a certain degree of roughness.

[0082] S2: Sandblast the surface of the cross-seam plate to remove rust to Sa2.5 level, and apply epoxy zinc phosphate primer (film thickness 20μm);

[0083] S3 Use a hard brush to evenly apply the penetration-enhanced polymer interface adhesive to the bottom and both sides of the groove, and cure it at room temperature for 2 hours to form a bonding layer with a penetration depth of ≥2mm;

[0084] S4: Apply epoxy-phenolic adhesive to the bottom of the cross-seam plate, insert it into the tooth groove, and fix it with expansion bolts. Remove the expansion bolts after it is left to stand.

[0085] The top of the S5 span plate is coated with an acid ester coupling agent, and the inner wall of the groove of the prefabricated temperature-changing active compensation layer (thickness 3cm) is coated with a phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer with a thickness of 1mm. Then, the top teeth of the span plate are aligned to form a mechanical interlocking between the teeth and the groove. A pressure of 0.5MPa is applied with a pressure roller and the plate is cured at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0086] S6: Spray the phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer on the surface of the temperature change active compensation layer with a thickness of 1-2 mm, let it dry for 30 minutes, and proceed to the next process after the surface is no longer sticky;

[0087] S7: Heat 70# base asphalt to make it have good fluidity, add stearic acid-modified nano-silica, SBS block copolymer, compatibilizer, etc. to the molten base asphalt in sequence and stir thoroughly, then add E-51 epoxy resin and SBS grafted epoxy resin, stir and add polyamide curing agent and reactive diluent, stir and add reinforcing filler system and functional additives, then pave 6cm thick, immediately roll with a roller 3 times, and control the temperature at 120℃;

[0088] S8: Mix phase A and phase B (except corundum) in a mass ratio of 10:5, stir at low speed until there is no agglomeration, apply with a serrated scraper to a thickness of 4mm, and immediately spread 60 mesh corundum (dosage 1.5kg / m 2 ) as anti-slip aggregate and avoid contact with water or oil during the process.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that the distribution ratio and deformation amount of each component of the temperature-varying active compensation layer are changed;

[0091] Temperature-dependent active compensation layer: Prepare, by weight, 12 parts of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy, 95 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix, 25 parts of fumed silica, 3 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, and 1 part of carbon nanotubes;

[0092] The preparation method is as follows: Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is made into a coil spring-shaped wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm and pre-deformed by 10%;

[0093] Add dimethyl silicone oil to the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix and mix for 6 minutes until the dimethyl silicone oil is completely integrated into the matrix to form a uniform flexible carrier;

[0094] Add fumed silica and carbon nanotubes to the flexible carrier and continue mixing for 12 minutes to obtain a temperature-variable body;

[0095] The spiral spring-shaped wire material is evenly laid on the surface of the temperature-changing body, rolled to embed the wire material into the temperature-changing body, and a tooth-shaped groove is formed on the bottom of the temperature-changing body according to the cross-seam plate.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] The difference from Example 1 is: the proportion of each component of the phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer;

[0098] Phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer:

[0099] Component A: 100 parts of hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber (brand KE-103), fumed silica (specific surface area of 200m 2 / g) 23 parts and nano-TiO2 particles (particle size 50nm) 6 parts;

[0100] Component B: 8 parts of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 0.5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 4 parts of silane coupling agent KH-570;

[0101] When using, mix according to the mass ratio of A:B=10:1.

[0102] Comparative Example 1:

[0103] The difference from Example 1 is that the Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is removed from the temperature-dependent active compensation layer, and only 100 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix, 30 parts of fumed silica, 5 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, and 3 parts of carbon nanotubes are retained.

[0104] Comparative Example 2:

[0105] The difference from Example 1 is that the middle layer of methyl vinyl silicone rubber is removed from the seam-crossing plate, and only 0.3 mm stainless steel foil is retained, and the surface of the stainless steel foil is coated with epoxy zinc phosphate primer;

[0106] Comparative Example 3:

[0107] The difference from Example 1 is that E-51 epoxy resin, SBS grafted epoxy resin and polyamide curing agent are removed from the elastic load-bearing composite polymer elastomer, and only 40 parts of 70# matrix asphalt, 2 parts of nano-silica, 3 parts of SBS block copolymer and 2 parts of compatibilizer are retained.

[0108] Comparative Example 4:

[0109] The difference from Example 1 is that the teeth at the bottom of the cross-seam plate are removed, and the rest are the same.

[0110] The expansion joint structures prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to the following tests:

[0111] a Fatigue cycle test: simulate vehicle load (frequency 10 times / minute, pressure 5-15MPa cycle), and detect the residual deformation rate of the material after 100,000 cycles;

[0112] b Compression test: Apply axial compressive load to the expansion joint specimen until it fails and measure the ultimate strength;

[0113] c. Temperature change cycle test: Cycle 50 times in the temperature range of -40℃ to 80℃, keep warm for 2 hours each time, and measure the error rate between the actual displacement of the expansion joint and the theoretical displacement after each cycle;

[0114] d. Salt spray corrosion test: place the specimen in a 5% NaCl salt spray environment for 720 hours to evaluate the degree of material corrosion and mechanical property degradation rate;

[0115] After testing in ae, the results in Table 1 are obtained:

[0116] Table 1

[0117] Residual deformation rate (%) Compressive strength (MPa) Error rate (%) Salt spray corrosion mass loss rate (%) Example 1 0.8 25 96 0.5 Example 2 1.1 24 95 0.6 Example 3 0.9 25 96 0.8 Comparative Example 1 8.7 18 61 3 Comparative Example 2 6.5 20 69 5 Comparative Example 3 7.5 16 68 4 Comparative Example 4 7.7 19 70 4.5

[0118] The results in Table 1 show that Examples 1-3 are significantly better than Comparative Examples 1-4 in terms of residual deformation rate, compressive strength, temperature-dependent displacement error rate, and salt spray corrosion mass loss rate. In the examples, the active compensation characteristics of the Ti-Ni shape memory alloy enable it to accurately respond to temperature changes in the temperature-dependent cycle test, controlling the displacement error rate to above 95%, which is much lower than that of the comparative example; the stainless steel-silicone rubber composite structure and tooth design of the cross-seam plate, combined with the penetration-enhanced polymer interface adhesive, significantly improve the structural integrity, and the residual deformation rate in fatigue cycle and compression tests is ≤1 .1%, and the compressive strength is ≥24MPa, while the comparative examples 2 and 4 have a residual deformation rate of more than 6.5% and a reduced compressive strength due to the lack of mechanical interlocking and flexible buffering; the interpenetrating network matrix in the elastic load-bearing composite polymer elastomer is effectively reinforced by the synergistic reinforcement of epoxy resin and asphalt, which effectively disperses the load, and the compressive strength is increased by more than 56% compared with the comparative example 3; in addition, the epoxy zinc phosphate primer and nano-reinforced material of the embodiment enhance the corrosion resistance of the material, and the salt spray corrosion mass loss rate is ≤0.8%, while the comparative example has a loss rate of up to 3%-5% due to the lack of protection and reinforcement system.

[0119] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure, comprising a notch formed by two supporting bodies (7); characterized in that, At the bottom of the notch, the two supporting bodies (7) are connected by a cross-seam plate (6) with teeth on both the top and bottom sides, and the cross section of the teeth is trapezoidal; The inner wall of the notch is coated with a polymer interface adhesive (5); It also includes a temperature-changing active compensation layer (4), wherein the cross-seam plate (6) forms an interlocking structure with the two support bodies (7) and the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4); The top of the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4) is provided with a phase-changing toughening cooperative bonding layer (3), a polymer elastic toughness body (2), and a resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer (1) in sequence from bottom to top.

2. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer interface adhesive (5) comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of modified acrylic emulsion, 1-2 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, 0.5-1 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 0.3-0.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agent and 2-3 parts of plasticizer.

3. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-seam plate (6) is composed of a base layer, an intermediate layer, a surface layer and a protective layer from the inside to the outside, wherein the base layer is a stainless steel foil, the intermediate layer is methyl vinyl silicone rubber, the surface layer is a stainless steel foil punched into a tooth shape, and the protective layer is an epoxy zinc phosphate primer.

4. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-seam plate (6) is bonded to the two support bodies (7) and the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4).

5. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the temperature-varying active compensation layer (4) comprises: 12-18 parts of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy, 95-105 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix, 25-35 parts of white carbon black, 3-8 parts of dimethyl silicone oil, and 1-5 parts of carbon nanotubes.

6. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the temperature-varying active compensation layer (4) comprises: The Ti-Ni shape memory alloy is made into a coil spring-shaped wire and pre-applied with a deformation of 6-10%; Adding the dimethyl silicone oil to the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix and kneading until the dimethyl silicone oil is completely integrated into the methyl vinyl silicone rubber matrix to form a uniform flexible carrier; Adding the white carbon black and the multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the flexible carrier and continuing to mix to obtain a temperature-variable body; Evenly laying the coil spring-shaped wire material on the surface of the temperature-changing body, and rolling the coil spring-shaped wire material so that it is embedded in the temperature-changing body; A tooth-shaped groove is formed on the bottom of the temperature-changing body according to the cross-seam plate (6).

7. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change toughening synergistic bonding layer (3) comprises component A and component B; Calculated by weight, component A includes 90-105 parts of hydroxyl-terminated silicone rubber, 20-30 parts of white carbon black and 2-8 parts of nano-TiO2 particles; Component B contains 5-12 parts of ethyl orthosilicate, 0.2-1 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 1-6 parts of silane coupling agent.

8. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the polymer elastomer (2) comprises: Interpenetrating network matrix: 70# base asphalt 35-45 parts, nano-silica 1-4 parts, SBS block copolymer 1-5 parts, compatibilizer 1-3 parts, epoxy resin 15-25 parts, SBS grafted epoxy resin 2-8 parts, polyamide curing agent 10-15 parts, reactive diluent 1-4 parts; Reinforced filler system: 20-30 parts of 10-15mm diabase crushed stone, 5-10 parts of 1-3mm vermiculite, 0.3-1 part of 10-20nm outer diameter and 5-10μm length multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and 0.1-0.5 parts of dispersant; Functional additives: toughening agent 1-4 parts, defoaming agent 0.2-1 parts, leveling agent 0.1-1.6 parts, antioxidant 0.3-1 parts.

9. The polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer (1) comprises, by weight: Phase A: 90-110 parts of epoxy resin, 8-15 parts of polysulfide rubber toughening agent, 3-9 parts of 50nm nano-aluminum oxide; Phase B: 25-35 parts of amine curing agent, 45-50 parts of quartz sand, and 15-25 parts of corundum.

10. A method for preparing a polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure, for preparing the polymer elastomer seamless expansion joint structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Excavating the connection between the two supporting bodies (7) to form the notch, wherein the notch has a tooth groove that matches the teeth, cleaning the notch, sandblasting and removing rust on the surface of the cross-seam plate (6), and applying primer; Applying the polymer interface adhesive (5) to the inner wall of the notch and curing it; Apply adhesive to the bottom of the cross-seam plate (6) and place it into the tooth groove, fix it with bolts, and remove the bolts after it is left to stand; The top of the cross-seam plate (6) is coated with an acid ester coupling agent, the bottom of the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4) is coated with the phase change toughening cooperative bonding layer (3), the grooves of the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4) and the teeth on the top of the cross-seam plate (6) form an interlocking structure, and a pressure roller is used to apply pressure to the temperature-changing active compensation layer (4) and solidify it; Spraying the phase change toughening cooperative bonding layer (3) on the surface of the temperature change active compensation layer (4) and allowing it to stand; The polymer elastic toughness (2) and the resin anti-slip and wear-resistant layer (1) are laid in sequence.

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