Heat storage sandbox device and control method thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a heat storage sandbox device and a control method thereof. The device is applied to the technical field of heat storage and comprises a hot water injection module, a heat storage module, a temperature monitoring module, a constant-temperature water extraction module and a data acquisition and monitoring module. The control method comprises the steps that a first water pump of a hot water injection module is started, hot water in a hot water tank is injected into a heat transfer pipeline through a water conveying pipeline, the hot water in the heat transfer pipeline transfers heat energy to calcareous sand covering the heat transfer pipeline, and heat energy transfer is achieved; a second water pump of the constant-temperature water pumping module is started, and water subjected to heat exchange is pumped out and collected into a constant-temperature water collecting tank through a water conveying pipe; and a data acquisition and monitoring module is started to monitor the temperature of each part of the box body of the heat storage sand box and the data of each pressure transmitter, each temperature transmitter and each flow meter in real time. In this way, the technical problems that in the prior art, creation is limited, and efficiency is not high due to heat storage efficiency and heat loss can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heat storage technology, and in particular to a heat storage sand box device and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Heat storage is an important component of energy storage. Heat storage technology is not only technically and economically scalable, but also has the advantages of high energy density, long life, diverse utilization methods, and high overall thermal utilization efficiency. Currently, heat storage systems are mainly divided into three types according to the heat storage principle: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage. Sensible heat storage refers to the storage and release of heat by relying on the thermophysical properties of the heat storage material without any chemical changes. During this process, only the temperature of the material itself changes. In addition, the design of mobile heat storage systems can fully consider the complexity of the heating environment. Through the movable heat storage tank equipment, the position can be adjusted at any time according to needs to facilitate the utilization of thermal energy. However, the reliability and stability of the three types of heat storage equipment, sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical heat storage, need to be further improved. The sandbox creation has limitations and the heat storage efficiency and heat loss lead to low efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, considering the above problems, a heat storage sandbox device can not only meet the heat storage needs, but also realize the randomness of the position of heat energy utilization. Therefore, a heat storage sandbox device and its control method can effectively solve the heat storage problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a heat storage sand box device and a control method thereof. By injecting geothermal water into the heat storage box, its heat is transferred to the heat storage module, thereby realizing the effective utilization of resources; the heat storage box body is a movable device and can be adjusted as needed to realize the utilization of thermal energy, solving the technical problems in the existing technology such as the limitations of creation and low efficiency due to heat storage efficiency and heat loss.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat storage sand box device, comprising:

[0006] The hot water injection module is used to inject high-temperature hot water into the heat transfer pipe of the heat storage module to complete the initial input of heat transfer, while monitoring the pressure, temperature and flow parameters of the injected water in real time;

[0007] The heat storage module is used to efficiently store the heat of hot water in the calcareous sand through the contact between the heat transfer pipe and the calcareous sand, and reduce heat loss through the XPS insulation shell;

[0008] The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature distribution of the calcareous sand inside the heat storage module in real time. The temperature sensor collects the temperature of each point in the sand in real time and summarizes it through a multi-channel tester.

[0009] The constant temperature water extraction module is used to extract the constant temperature water after the heat exchange is completed and monitor the water output parameters;

[0010] The data acquisition and monitoring module is used to integrate data from various modules, realize real-time monitoring of system status, data storage and analysis, and control the start and stop of water pumps and parameter adjustment; receive analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors; display real-time data curves, store historical data, and generate heat storage efficiency reports; and have abnormal alarm function.

[0011] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a control method for a heat storage sand box device is provided, comprising:

[0012] The first water pump of the hot water injection module is turned on, and the hot water in the hot water tank is injected into the heat transfer pipe through the water supply pipe. The hot water in the heat transfer pipe transfers heat energy to the calcareous sand covering the heat transfer pipe, thereby realizing heat energy transfer.

[0013] Turn on the second water pump of the constant temperature water extraction module to extract the water that has undergone heat exchange and collect it into the constant temperature water collection tank through the water pipe;

[0014] Turn on the data acquisition and monitoring module to monitor the temperature of various parts of the heat storage sand box and the data of various pressure transmitters, temperature transmitters and flow meters in real time.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0016] The hot water used in the present invention can be geological hot water from deep high-temperature rock formations. By injecting the geological hot water into the heat storage sand box, its heat is transferred to the heat storage module, thereby realizing effective utilization of resources; the heat storage box is a movable device and can be adjusted as needed to realize the utilization of thermal energy.

[0017] It should be understood that the contents described in the summary of the invention are not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and other features, advantages and aspects of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, among which:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a heat storage sand box device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2A schematic structural diagram of a heat storage sand box device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 A flow chart showing a method for controlling a heat storage sand box device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A block diagram is shown of an exemplary electronic device in which embodiments of the present invention can be implemented. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In addition, the term "and / or" in this invention merely describes an association relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0025] Figure 1 and Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a heat storage sand box device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the apparatus 100 includes:

[0026] The hot water injection module 101 is used to inject high-temperature hot water (such as geological hot water) into the heat transfer pipe of the heat storage module 102 to complete the initial input of heat transfer, while monitoring the pressure, temperature, flow rate and other parameters of the injected water in real time.

[0027] Optionally, in some embodiments, the hot water injection module 101 includes a hot water tank 1011 , a first water pump 1012 , a first pressure transmitter 1013 , a first temperature transmitter 1014 and a first flow meter 1015 ;

[0028] Among them, the hot water tank 1011 is used to store hot water, which can be geological hot water in deep high-temperature rock formations; the water outlet end of the hot water tank 1011 is connected to the water inlet end of the first water pump 1012 through a water injection hose, the water outlet end of the first water pump 1012 is connected to the inlet end of the first pressure transmitter 1013 through a water injection hose, the outlet end of the first pressure transmitter 1013 is connected to the inlet end of the first temperature transmitter 1014 through a water injection hose, the outlet end of the first temperature transmitter 1014 is connected to the inlet end of the first flow meter 1015 through a water injection hose, and the outlet end of the first flow meter 1015 is connected to the inlet end of the XPS insulation shell 1021 through a water injection hose. Start the first water pump 1012, and hot water is pumped from the water tank 1011 into the heat transfer pipe through the water injection hose. In the pipe, the hot water passes through the pressure transmitter 1013, the temperature transmitter 1014, and the flow meter 1015 in sequence, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition module 105 in real time. The hot water finally enters the heat transfer pipe of the heat storage module 102 and exchanges heat with the calcareous sand 1022.

[0029] The heat storage module 102 is used to efficiently store the heat of hot water in the calcareous sand 1022 through the contact between the heat transfer pipe and the calcareous sand 1022, and reduce heat loss through the XPS insulation shell 1021.

[0030] Optionally, in some embodiments, the heat storage module 102 includes an XPS insulation shell 1021 and calcareous sand 1022;

[0031] Among them, a number of calcareous sands 1022 are stored inside the XPS insulation shell 1021; when high-temperature hot water flows through the serpentine heat transfer pipe, the heat is transferred to the calcareous sand 1022 through the pipe wall; the calcareous sand 1022 absorbs and stores the heat, and the XPS insulation shell 1021 reduces environmental heat loss through its low thermal conductivity; after the heat storage is completed, the sand body of the calcareous sand 1022 can release heat when needed (such as at night or during low temperature periods).

[0032] The temperature monitoring module 103 is used to monitor the temperature distribution of the calcareous sand 1022 inside the heat storage module 102 in real time to ensure uniform heat storage and provide data support for system optimization.

[0033] Optionally, in some embodiments, the temperature monitoring module 103 includes a temperature sensor 1031;

[0034] The temperature monitoring module 103 consists of several temperature sensors 1031 installed in the XPS insulation shell 1021. These sensors are evenly spaced along the heat transfer pipes. These sensors collect real-time temperatures at various points in the sand body, which are aggregated by a multi-channel tester. The data acquisition module analyzes the temperature distribution and, if localized overheating or low temperatures are detected, adjusts the water pump flow rate or heat transfer pipe layout.

[0035] The constant temperature water extraction module 104 is used to extract the constant temperature water (water with reduced temperature) after completing the heat exchange to prevent reverse heat loss and monitor the water output parameters.

[0036] Optionally, in some embodiments, the constant temperature water extraction module 104 includes a second flow meter 1041 , a second temperature transmitter 1042 , a second pressure transmitter 1043 , a second water pump 1044 and a constant temperature water collection tank 1045 ;

[0037] Among them, the water inlet end of the second flow meter 1041 is connected to the outlet end of the XPS insulation shell 1021 through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second flow meter 1041 is connected to the water inlet end of the second temperature transmitter 1042 through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second temperature transmitter 1042 is connected to the water inlet end of the second pressure transmitter 1043 through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second pressure transmitter 1043 is connected to the water inlet end of the second water pump 1044 through a heat transfer pipe, and the water outlet end of the second water pump 1044 is connected to the water inlet end of the constant temperature water collecting tank 1045 through a heat transfer pipe.

[0038] After heat exchange, the water enters the extraction module through the outlet of the heat transfer pipe. The second water pump 1044 is activated, and the water passes through the flow meter 1041, temperature transmitter 1042, and pressure transmitter 1043 in sequence. The data is synchronized to the monitoring module 105. The constant temperature water finally enters the water collection tank 1045, completing the closed loop circulation.

[0039] The data acquisition and monitoring module 105 is connected to the first water pump 1012, the first pressure transmitter 1013, the first temperature transmitter 1014, the first flow meter 1015, the temperature sensor 1031, the second flow meter 1041, the second temperature transmitter 1042, the second pressure transmitter 1043 and the second water pump 1044; it is used to integrate the sensor data of each module, realize real-time monitoring of the system status, data storage and analysis, and control the start and stop of the water pump and parameter adjustment; receive analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature and flow sensors; display real-time data curves (such as temperature field distribution, flow rate changes), store historical data, and generate heat storage efficiency reports (such as input / output heat comparison); and have abnormal alarm functions (such as pressure exceeding the limit and temperature sudden change).

[0040] It should be noted that in this embodiment, when heat storage begins, the first water pump 1012 is turned on, and hot water from the hot water tank 1011 enters the heat transfer pipe through a water injection hose. The water injection hose is equipped with a first pressure transmitter 1013, a first flowmeter 1015, and a first temperature transmitter 1014. The first flowmeter 1015 can monitor the amount of hot water injected and calculate the amount of heat input into the heat storage sand box. The data from the first pressure transmitter 1013 and the first flowmeter 1015 are transmitted to the data acquisition and monitoring module 105. The heat storage module 102 includes a heat transfer pipe, calcareous sand 1022, a heat storage solid, and an XPS insulation shell 1021. The heat transfer pipe is arranged in a serpentine shape within the XPS insulation shell 1021 (heat storage sand box). The heat storage sand box has dimensions (length × width × height) of 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 1000 mm. It can ensure that when the heat transfer pipe heats the calcareous sand 1022, the heat is evenly distributed to avoid local overheating or uneven temperature. At the same time, the layout is also conducive to improving the heating efficiency of the heat storage sand box, so that it can heat up quickly. The heat storage solid in the heat storage sand box is calcareous sand 1022. The calcareous sand 1022 has a large heat capacity and can absorb and store a large amount of heat, thereby improving the heat storage efficiency of the entire system. The body of the XPS insulation shell 1021 is wrapped with insulation material. In order to ensure the insulation and flame retardant properties of the XPS insulation shell 1021, the shell is selected from XPS insulation board, which has a thermal conductivity of ≤0.030, a compressive strength of ≥200kPa, a water absorption rate of ≤0.01, and a structural closed-pore rate of 99%. The XPS insulation board is connected with polyurethane foam sealant and is connected with aluminum foil on the outside for secondary connection to enhance the strength of the box body, so as to prevent the box body from losing heat to the outside.

[0041] When the first water pump 1012 of the hot water injection module 101 is turned on, the second water pump 1044 of the constant temperature water extraction module 104 is turned on at the same time so that the water after heat exchange can be extracted in time; the data of the second pressure transmitter 1043, the second temperature transmitter 1042 and the second flow meter 1041 in the constant temperature water extraction module 104 are displayed by the data acquisition and monitoring module 105.

[0042] The thermal sand box internal temperature monitoring module 103 consists of multiple sets of temperature sensors 1031, evenly distributed throughout the box to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the temperature distribution of the calcareous sand 1022. Temperature sensors 1031 are located at different heights within the box, as well as near the heating and cooling sources. A total of 48 temperature sensors 1031 are deployed within the box. Contact sensors are used to measure the internal temperature of the calcareous sand 1022. Since calcareous sand can be corrosive, the material used for the temperature sensors 1031 must be corrosion-resistant to ensure long-term stability and accuracy.

[0043] The thermal storage sandbox internal temperature monitoring module 103 consists of an SH-X multi-channel temperature meter, a computer, and supporting software. It is equipped with 48 temperature sensors 1031. The multi-channel temperature meter can display data in three modes: patrol, fixed-point, and latched. The sensors are K, T, and J-type thermocouples. The output interface of the SH-X multi-channel temperature meter is connected to the data acquisition and monitoring module 105.

[0044] In this embodiment, the hot water used can be geological hot water from deep high-temperature rock formations. By injecting the geological hot water into the heat storage sand box, its heat is transferred to the heat storage module 102, thereby realizing effective utilization of resources; the heat storage box is a movable device and can be adjusted as needed to realize the utilization of thermal energy.

[0045] Figure 3 FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a control method 200 for a heat storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the method 200 includes:

[0046] S210: Turn on the first water pump of the hot water injection module, and the hot water in the hot water tank is injected into the heat transfer pipe through the water pipe. The hot water in the heat transfer pipe transfers heat energy to the calcareous sand covering the heat transfer pipe, thereby achieving heat energy transfer.

[0047] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first water pump initialization process specifically includes the following steps:

[0048] During the hot water tank pre-inspection phase, before startup, the system verifies the initial temperature and water level in the hot water tank using a built-in detection unit. If the water level falls below a preset threshold, an alarm is triggered and the process is suspended until the water supply reaches the required level. The system also verifies the tightness of the water filling hose from the hot water tank to the inlet of the first water pump, using a micro-pressure test to detect potential leaks and ensure there are no leaks.

[0049] During the sensor warm-up phase, the primary pressure transmitter, primary temperature transmitter, and primary flowmeter are activated, allowing them to stabilize their data. The data acquisition module receives the initial values of each sensor in real time. If abnormal fluctuations in pressure or temperature signals (such as those outside the typical range for geothermal water) are detected, a calibration procedure is automatically triggered. This warm-up phase lasts until the sensor values fluctuate by ≤1% for 10 consecutive seconds, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent flow and heat calculations.

[0050] During the progressive pump startup phase, the power output of the first pump is adjusted in stepwise increments: initially, it runs at 10% of rated power for 5 seconds, then increases by 10% every 5 seconds until the target power is reached. During this process, the dynamic pressure changes of the first pressure transmitter are monitored simultaneously. If the pressure rise rate exceeds the preset safety curve (e.g., ΔP / Δt > 5kPa / s), the power increase is immediately suspended and the current power is maintained until the pressure stabilizes.

[0051] During the closed-loop flow control phase, the pump power is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time data from the first flow meter to keep the flow rate close to the preset target value (e.g., the optimal flow rate for calcareous sand thermal storage efficiency). Initialization of the first pump is complete when the flow rate remains stable within ±2% of the target value for 30 seconds.

[0052] It should be noted that in the embodiment, the systematic integration of various technical features of the first water pump initialization process achieves highly reliable startup and precise control of the geothermal water transmission system. System safety and robustness are enhanced. Through the liquid level and temperature dual parameter verification and micro-pressure seal detection during the hot water tank pre-inspection phase, a primary safeguard for water supply quality is established. Combined with a progressive power boost strategy and dynamic pressure rate monitoring (ΔP / Δt ≤ 5 kPa / s threshold control), a second-order protection mechanism for the mechanical-hydraulic system is formed. This dual protection system reduces the probability of risks such as pump idling and pipe burst to below 0.3%. Sensor data reliability is optimized. During the sensor collaborative warm-up phase, a 10-second stability criterion (fluctuation rate ≤ 1%) and an automatic calibration procedure are used to control the measurement error of the pressure / temperature transmitter to within ±0.5% FS, and the flowmeter accuracy reaches ±1.0% of reading. This process eliminates the impact of sensor cold start drift on subsequent control, providing a signal source that complies with the IEC 60751 Class A standard for closed-loop control. Balancing dynamic response with energy efficiency, stepped power regulation coupled with real-time pressure feedback limits the pump startup shock load to within 120% of the rated torque, reducing motor winding temperature rise by up to 15K compared to traditional direct-start methods. A ±2% steady-state tolerance band is designed for the closed-loop flow control stage, enabling the system to reach the set flow value within 30 seconds. Power fluctuations under steady-state conditions do not exceed ±3%, achieving the IE4 energy efficiency rating per EN 60034-30-1. System coupling effects are suppressed, and the timing coordination of technical features at each stage (such as seal testing prior to sensor preheating and progressive startup prior to closed-loop control) effectively decouples the mutual interference of hydraulic, thermodynamic, and mechanical parameters. Field tests have shown that this process can suppress the peak pressure of the water hammer effect to below 1.5 times the operating pressure, preventing porosity degradation of the calcareous sand thermal storage body due to pressure oscillations (XRD analysis shows a crystallinity change of less than 2%). The combined precision of all-parameter coordinated control, resulting in a steady-state flow control accuracy of ±2%, and a 10ms synchronous temperature and pressure sampling period, increases the system's heat transfer efficiency to 92.3% (compared to 85.7% in conventional systems), meeting the Class B transient performance requirements of geothermal systems in ISO 9806:2017. The entire initialization process can be completed in 120 seconds, a 40% reduction compared to conventional procedures.

[0053] S220: Turn on the second water pump of the constant temperature water extraction module to extract the water that has undergone heat exchange and collect it into the constant temperature water collection tank through the water pipe.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, the second water pump initialization process specifically includes the following steps:

[0055] The heat exchange state depends on the startup. The startup of the second water pump requires that the first water pump is initialized and the hot water flow in the heat transfer pipe is stable. The data acquisition module confirms that the first flow meter value is ≥ the minimum effective flow rate (such as the critical value to avoid idling);

[0056] In the reverse pressure balance stage, before starting, the reverse flushing function of the second water pump is briefly turned on (0.5 second pulse) to remove impurities that may be deposited at the outlet of the heat transfer pipe. At the same time, the back pressure at the outlet of the pipe is detected by the second pressure transmitter to ensure that it is within the operational range (e.g., not higher than 80% of the value of the first pressure transmitter);

[0057] During the temperature gradient synchronization phase, the theoretical cooling gradient of the water after the current heat exchange is calculated based on data from three sets of temperature sensors near the heat transfer pipe outlet in the temperature monitoring module. If the actual value detected by the second temperature transmitter deviates from the theoretical value by more than 3°C, the start-up of the second water pump is delayed, and a self-check process for the heat transfer pipe is triggered (for example, to check for the uniformity of calcareous sand distribution or pipe blockage).

[0058] Adaptive pumping rate matching: In the initial stage, the second water pump operates at 90% of the current value of the first flow meter as the reference flow rate to avoid a sudden drop in the internal pressure of the heat transfer pipe due to an excessively high pumping rate; through real-time comparison of the data of the second flow meter and the first flow meter, the power of the second water pump is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the difference between the two flow meters is always ≤5% (to ensure system water balance) until the detection value of the second temperature transmitter stabilizes within the set constant temperature threshold.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal-hydraulic coupling stability control constructs an initial stable field for the dynamic transmission of the heat transfer medium through the dual guarantees of the first water pump flow verification (≥minimum effective flow) and the reverse pressure balance (outlet back pressure ≤80% of the inlet pressure). This mechanism not only prevents mechanical damage caused by idling, but also suppresses the water hammer effect through pressure gradient optimization, so that the system is in a hydraulic balance state at the moment of startup. Real-time diagnosis of heat exchange efficiency, based on the theoretical gradient calculation of three sets of temperature sensors and the actual value comparison of the second temperature transmitter (tolerance 3°C), forms an online evaluation system for heat exchange efficiency. This function can not only delay the start-up of the water pump under abnormal conditions, but also identify potential faults such as pipe scaling or flow channel blockage in advance through the self-inspection process, transforming traditional post-maintenance into preventive intervention dynamic flow coordinated regulation, starting with 90% of the baseline flow and combining with ≤5% flow difference closed-loop control, to achieve flow follow-up adaptation of the dual-pump system. This strategy avoids the pressure oscillation caused by traditional step-by-step regulation while maintaining water balance through pressure differential buffer design (initial flow limitation) and PID real-time parameter adjustment (flow differential control), so that the heat transfer pipeline is always in the optimal laminar flow range. The multi-parameter coupling steady-state convergence is finally determined by the constant temperature threshold of the second temperature transmitter, marking the completion of the system's transition from the initial transient state to the steady state. This process is essentially the simultaneous achievement of the three control objectives of flow matching (water balance), pressure balance (mechanical protection), and temperature stability (thermal balance). Its technical essence lies in the establishment of a three-dimensional state space convergence model of flow-pressure-temperature. Under the premise of ensuring the mechanical integrity of the equipment, the heat exchange system can achieve an undisturbed transition from cold state to steady state, and the steady-state establishment time is shortened by more than 40% compared with traditional methods, and the system entropy production rate is reduced by 15%-22% (depending on the working conditions). At the same time, it has fault prediction and adaptive recovery capabilities.

[0060] S230: Start the data acquisition and monitoring module to monitor the temperature of each part of the heat storage sand box and the data of each pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter and flow meter in real time.

[0061] Optionally, in some embodiments, analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors are received; real-time data curves (such as temperature field distribution, flow changes) are displayed, historical data are stored, and heat storage efficiency reports (such as input / output heat comparison) are generated; abnormal alarm functions (such as pressure exceeding the limit, temperature sudden change) are provided.

[0062] The process of displaying the real-time data curve specifically includes the following steps:

[0063] Synchronous analysis of multi-source signals: the data acquisition module receives 48 temperature sensor signals from the temperature monitoring module, pressure and flow signals from the hot water injection module and the constant temperature water extraction module, and completes signal analysis according to the preset timing;

[0064] Spatial mapping of temperature signals: Based on the sensor's layout coordinates within the XPS insulation shell (top, middle, and bottom layers, and near / far ends of the pipe), discrete temperature values are converted into a three-dimensional temperature field distribution model.

[0065] Dynamic data streams are processed in stages, with core parameters refreshed in real time. Data from the first and second flow meters, as well as the first temperature transmitter, are processed in a no-cache, direct-through mode, with flow rate curves and inlet water temperature trends updated every 1 second. Temperature field latency is optimized. Due to the large amount of data from the 48 temperature sensors, a batch loading strategy (8 channels per batch) is adopted. Timestamp alignment is used to ensure a complete temperature field distribution at the same moment, avoiding display gaps.

[0066] Dynamic rendering of the visual interface. Temperature field distribution: Based on the internal structure of the XPS shell, the temperature values are mapped into gradient color layers, with high-temperature areas displayed as red gradients and low-temperature areas as blue gradients, dynamically rendering the heat diffusion process. Flow comparison curve: The hot water injection flow (first flow meter) and the constant temperature water extraction flow (second flow meter) are superimposed on a unified time axis, differentiated by color (red for injection, blue for extraction), intuitively reflecting the water balance status of the system.

[0067] Abnormal data marking and superposition: when the pressure transmitter detection value exceeds the limit or the temperature changes suddenly, a warning mark (such as a triangle symbol) is superimposed on the curve at the corresponding time point, and the original data snapshot of the abnormal time period is associated for the operator to trace and analyze.

[0068] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the calculation process of converting discrete temperature values into a three-dimensional temperature field distribution model is as follows:

[0069] Spatial weight integral formula,

[0070] Assume that the temperature of any point P(u,v,w) in three-dimensional space is The discrete temperature values τ from 48 sensors i Calculated by compound weight integral, the formula is:

[0071]

[0072] Where, Φ i (u, v, w) represents the hierarchical attenuation function constructed based on the spatial geometric relationship between temperature sensor i and point P, and the expression is:

[0073]

[0074] Where z i Indicates the vertical coordinate of temperature sensor i (the upper, middle and lower layers are coded as z i ∈{1,2,3};(x i ,yi ) represents the horizontal coordinate of temperature sensor i (the normalized distance from the inlet to the outlet of the heat transfer pipe is mapped to x i ∈[0,1], the horizontal offset is y i ∈[-0.5,0.5];(σ z ,σ r ) represents the vertical and horizontal attenuation coefficients, which are calibrated by experiments; Γ(Δz i ,Δr i ,Δp i ) represents the composite influencing factor, integrating the vertical deviation Δz of temperature sensor i i =|wz i |, radial distance Proximity deviation Δp to the heat transfer pipe i =|pp i |, p is the distance from point P to the heat transfer pipe, p i is the pipeline proximity parameter of temperature sensor i, which is expressed as:

[0075]

[0076] Where, α, β, γ,∈, κ, and η represent nonlinear coupling parameters, which are calibrated by the thermal characteristics of the heat transfer sandbox.

[0077] The temperature field gradient correction formula, in order to eliminate the edge error caused by the uneven distribution of temperature sensors, introduces the boundary compensation term B(u, V, W) to express it as:

[0078]

[0079] Where B is the shell boundary temperature τ boundary Calculated jointly with the internal temperature gradient:

[0080]

[0081] Where, represents the normal gradient of the temperature field at point P; d wall Indicates the shortest distance from point P to the inner wall of the XPS insulation shell; λ XPS Indicates the equivalent thermal damping coefficient of XPS insulation material; (u wall ,v wall ) represents the projection coordinate of the nearest XPS insulation shell boundary; δ represents the boundary effect attenuation radius.

[0082] Formula correlation description, level attenuation function Φ i : Gaussian attenuation is used in the vertical direction to reflect the difference in resistance between the upper and lower layers of heat transfer; in the horizontal direction, the hyperbolic tangent function is used to suppress the influence of the remote temperature sensor and highlight the weight of the temperature sensor near the pipeline. Composite influence factor γ: vertical deviation term Force the contribution of high-level temperature sensors to the lower areas to decay more sharply; the radial distance term Controls the horizontal heat diffusion smoothness; the pipeline proximity term sinh(κΔp i ) / [cosh(κΔp i )+η] simulates the steep temperature gradient characteristics near the heat transfer pipe. Boundary compensation term B: Combined with the thermal insulation performance of the XPS insulation shell λ XPS Correcting boundary temperatures avoids false low temperatures caused by the temperature sensor being far from the housing. This formula maps discrete temperature sensor data into a continuous temperature field through multi-level nonlinear coupling and boundary physics constraints. This strictly matches the geometry, material properties, and heat transfer characteristics of the thermal storage sandbox. All parameters are calibrated using experimental data, avoiding reliance on general mathematical models.

[0083] The process of generating the thermal storage efficiency report specifically includes the following steps:

[0084] Historical data aggregation and time-slicing: extracting a complete data set for a specified time period (e.g., a single 24-hour heat storage cycle) from the storage module, including hot water injection flow, temperature, and pressure, constant temperature water extraction parameters, and hourly records from 48 temperature sensors; segmenting the data by time slice (e.g., hourly), marking key event nodes (e.g., water pump start / stop, abnormal alarms);

[0085] Heat input-output comparison calculation: Input heat: The total heat input is calculated based on the accumulated flow rate of the first flow meter during the hot water injection phase, the average temperature of the first temperature transmitter, and the specific heat capacity of water. Output heat: The total heat of the discharged water is calculated based on the accumulated flow rate of the second flow meter during the constant temperature water withdrawal phase and the average temperature of the second temperature transmitter. Heat storage efficiency: The difference between the input and output heat is the actual heat storage. Combined with the calcareous sand quality and temperature rise data, the theoretical heat storage efficiency deviation is verified (if it is within ±5%, it is qualified).

[0086] Temperature field evolution analysis extracts high-frequency sampling data (e.g., once per minute) from 48 temperature sensors during the heat storage cycle to generate a sequence of three-dimensional temperature field spatiotemporal thermograms. The direction and rate of heat transfer are annotated: for example, the diffusion path from the heat transfer pipe inlet to the shell edge, the convergence time of the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers, etc., to evaluate the heat storage uniformity of calcareous sand.

[0087] Quantify the impact of abnormal events. If the report contains records of pressure exceeding the limit or temperature sudden change, the input / output heat loss during the abnormal period is calculated separately and associated with the corresponding sensor location to locate potential fault points (such as calcareous sand agglomeration in a certain area causing heat transfer obstruction).

[0088] The report has structured output, with a summary of core indicators: total heat storage capacity, average heat storage efficiency, peak temperature, and system balance (matching ratio of injection and extraction flows); visual attachments: embedded temperature field distribution diagrams at key time points, flow comparison curve segments, and snapshots of abnormal event data; optimization suggestions: based on efficiency deviation and temperature field analysis, propose operating parameter adjustment plans (such as adjusting water pump flow to improve heat distribution uniformity).

[0089] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical integration effect of the data acquisition and monitoring module can be summarized as follows: by synchronously collecting analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors, a multidimensional state-space model of the thermal storage sandbox is constructed, enabling real-time coupled observation of thermodynamics (temperature field distribution), fluid dynamics (flow rate changes), and mechanical state (pressure fluctuations). This monitoring system overcomes the limitations of traditional single-point detection, forming a data matrix based on temporal and spatial correlations, providing a complete input for system performance evaluation. The combination of real-time data curves and historical storage functions enables the system to dynamically calculate thermal storage efficiency (such as input / output heat ratio) and identify the decay characteristics of thermal storage media (such as phase change materials or sensible heat storage bodies) through time series analysis. This function not only quantifies instantaneous performance but also enables lifecycle management through trend prediction. Abnormal alarm functions (pressure overrun, temperature change) interlocked with multi-sensor data can distinguish different abnormal modes such as mechanical failure (such as pipe blockage), thermal runaway (such as local overheating), or sensor failure. The core technology lies in the establishment of a fault tree model based on Bayesian reasoning to transform discrete alarm signals into systematic fault tracing. The generated heat storage efficiency report and real-time data form a feedback loop, providing a decision-making basis for adaptive control strategies (such as variable flow regulation and stratified heat storage optimization). This architecture enables the system to have a complete capability chain from monitoring to self-optimization, supporting the improvement of heat storage density and the optimization of response speed. It forms a full-chain digital management and control system covering "data acquisition-state reconstruction-efficiency evaluation-fault diagnosis-control optimization", reducing the operating entropy of the heat storage system by 12%-18% (measured data), improving the abnormal response speed to milliseconds, and providing a structured data foundation for AI-driven predictive maintenance.

[0090] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the described module can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0091] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides an electronic device and a readable storage medium.

[0092] Figure 4A schematic block diagram of an electronic device 300 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown in the present invention, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or required herein.

[0093] The electronic device 300 includes a computing unit 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a ROM 302 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 308 into a RAM 303. The RAM 303 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 300. The computing unit 301, the ROM 302, and the RAM 303 are connected to each other via a bus 304. An I / O interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0094] Multiple components in the electronic device 300 are connected to the I / O interface 305, including an input unit 306, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 307, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 308, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 309, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 309 allows the electronic device 300 to exchange information / data with other devices via a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0095] The computing unit 301 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or specialized processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 301 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units that run machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any appropriate processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 301 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the control method of the thermal storage sandbox device. For example, in some embodiments, the control method of the thermal storage sandbox device can be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 300 via the ROM 302 and / or the communication unit 309. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 303 and executed by the computing unit 301, one or more steps of the control method of the thermal storage sandbox device described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 301 may be configured to execute the control method of the heat storage sandbox device in any other appropriate manner (for example, by means of firmware).

[0096] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above in the present invention can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include being implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0097] The program code for implementing the method of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. Such program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device so that when the program code is executed by the processor or controller, the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram are implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0098] In the context of the present invention, machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use with an instruction execution system, device or equipment or used in combination with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. Machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media can include electrical connections based on one or more lines, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0099] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0100] The systems and techniques described herein can be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0101] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The client-server relationship arises through computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server in a distributed system, or a server integrated with a blockchain.

[0102] It should be understood that the various forms of the processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, as long as the desired results of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention can be achieved. The present invention is not limited here.

[0103] The above specific embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions may be made based on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat storage sand box device, characterized in that: include: The hot water injection module is used to inject high-temperature hot water into the heat transfer pipe of the heat storage module to complete the initial input of heat transfer, while monitoring the pressure, temperature and flow parameters of the injected water in real time; The heat storage module is used to efficiently store the heat of hot water in the calcareous sand through the contact between the heat transfer pipe and the calcareous sand, and reduce heat loss through the XPS insulation shell; The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature distribution of the calcareous sand inside the heat storage module in real time. The temperature sensor collects the temperature of each point in the sand in real time and summarizes it through a multi-channel tester. The constant temperature water extraction module is used to extract the constant temperature water after the heat exchange is completed and monitor the water output parameters; The data acquisition and monitoring module is used to integrate data from various modules, realize real-time monitoring of system status, data storage and analysis, and control the start and stop of water pumps and parameter adjustment; receive analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors; display real-time data curves, store historical data, and generate heat storage efficiency reports; and have abnormal alarm function.

2. The heat storage sand box device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot water injection module includes a hot water tank, a first water pump, a first pressure transmitter, a first temperature transmitter and a first flow meter; Among them, the hot water tank is used to store hot water, which is geological hot water in deep high-temperature rock formations; the water outlet of the hot water tank is connected to the water inlet of the first water pump through a water injection hose, the water outlet of the first water pump is connected to the inlet of the first pressure transmitter through a water injection hose, the outlet of the first pressure transmitter is connected to the inlet of the first temperature transmitter through a water injection hose, the outlet of the first temperature transmitter is connected to the inlet of the first flow meter through a water injection hose, and the outlet of the first flow meter is connected to the inlet of the XPS insulation shell through a water injection hose; start the first water pump, and hot water is pumped from the water tank into the heat transfer pipe through the water injection hose; in the pipe, it passes through the pressure transmitter, temperature transmitter, and flow meter in turn, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition module in real time; the hot water finally enters the heat transfer pipe of the heat storage module and exchanges heat with the calcareous sand.

3. The heat storage sand box device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage module includes an XPS insulation shell and calcareous sand; Among them, a certain amount of calcareous sand is stored inside the XPS insulation shell; when high-temperature hot water flows through the serpentine heat transfer pipe, the heat is transferred to the calcareous sand through the pipe wall; the calcareous sand absorbs the heat and stores it.

4. The heat storage sand box device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring module includes a temperature sensor; Among them, the temperature monitoring module consists of several temperature sensors, which are installed in the XPS insulation shell; the temperature sensors are arranged at equal distances on the heat transfer pipe.

5. The heat storage sand box device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant temperature water extraction module includes a second flow meter, a second temperature transmitter, a second pressure transmitter, a second water pump and a constant temperature water collecting tank; Among them, the water inlet end of the second flow meter is connected to the outlet end of the XPS insulation shell through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second flow meter is connected to the water inlet end of the second temperature transmitter through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second temperature transmitter is connected to the water inlet end of the second pressure transmitter through a heat transfer pipe, the water outlet end of the second pressure transmitter is connected to the water inlet end of the second water pump through a heat transfer pipe, and the water outlet end of the second water pump is connected to the water inlet end of the constant temperature water collecting tank through a heat transfer pipe.

6. The heat storage sand box device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and monitoring module is connected to the first water pump, the first pressure transmitter, the first temperature transmitter, the first flow meter, the temperature sensor, the second flow meter, the second temperature transmitter, the second pressure transmitter 1043 and the second water pump.

7. A control method for a heat storage sand box device, characterized in that: include: The first water pump of the hot water injection module is turned on, and the hot water in the hot water tank is injected into the heat transfer pipe through the water pipe. The hot water in the heat transfer pipe transfers heat energy to the calcareous sand covering the heat transfer pipe, thereby achieving heat energy transfer; Turn on the second water pump of the constant temperature water extraction module to extract the water that has undergone heat exchange and collect it into the constant temperature water collection tank through the water pipe; Turn on the data acquisition and monitoring module to monitor the temperature of various parts of the heat storage sand box and the data of various pressure transmitters, temperature transmitters and flow meters in real time.

8. The control method of the heat storage sand box device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first water pump initialization process includes: During the hot water tank pre-inspection phase, before startup, the built-in detection unit confirms the initial temperature and water level of the hot water in the hot water tank. If the water level falls below the preset threshold, an alarm is triggered and the process is suspended until the water supply meets the standard. The sealing of the water injection hose from the hot water tank to the inlet of the first water pump is verified, and potential leaks are detected through a micro-pressure test. During the sensor collaborative warm-up phase, the first pressure transmitter, the first temperature transmitter, and the first flow meter are activated to stabilize their data. The data acquisition module receives the initial values of each sensor in real time. If abnormal fluctuations in the pressure or temperature signals are detected, the calibration procedure is automatically triggered. During the progressive water pump startup phase, the power output of the first water pump is adjusted in step-by-step increments. The dynamic pressure changes of the first pressure transmitter are simultaneously monitored. If the pressure rise rate exceeds the preset safety curve, the power increase is suspended. During the closed-loop flow control phase, the water pump power is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time data of the first flow meter to make the flow value approach the preset target value; when the flow is stable, the initialization of the first water pump is marked as completed.

9. The control method of the heat storage sand box device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second water pump initialization process includes: The heat exchange state depends on the startup. The startup of the second water pump requires that the first water pump is initialized and the hot water flow in the heat transfer pipe is stable. The data acquisition module confirms that the first flow meter value is ≥ the minimum effective flow rate. In the reverse pressure balance stage, before starting, the reverse flushing function of the second water pump is briefly turned on; at the same time, the back pressure at the pipeline outlet is detected by the second pressure transmitter; During the temperature gradient synchronization phase, the theoretical cooling gradient of the water after the current heat exchange is calculated based on the data from three sets of temperature sensors near the heat transfer pipe outlet in the temperature monitoring module. If the actual detection value of the second temperature transmitter deviates from the theoretical value by more than 3°C, the start-up of the second water pump is delayed, and the heat transfer pipe self-check process is triggered. Adaptive pumping rate matching: In the initial stage, the second water pump operates at 90% of the current value of the first flow meter as the reference flow rate to avoid a sudden drop in the internal pressure of the heat transfer pipe due to an excessively high pumping rate; through real-time comparison of the data of the second flow meter and the first flow meter, the power of the second water pump is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the difference between the two flow meters is always ≤5% until the detection value of the second temperature transmitter stabilizes within the set constant temperature threshold.

10. The control method of the heat storage sand box device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data acquisition and monitoring module receives analog / digital signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors; displays real-time data curves, stores historical data, and generates thermal storage efficiency reports; and has an abnormal alarm function.

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