Inspection device for shield driving hole machining and shield driving hole machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses an inspection device for shield driving hole machining and a shield driving hole machining method.The inspection device comprises a cylinder, a first matching structure and a second matching structure which are coaxial are formed on the cylinder, and an annular piece used for being coaxially positioned and matched with a contrast hole is arranged outside the second matching structure; the first matching structure is constructed to be in a preset size so as to be matched with the machined driving hole; the thermal expansion coefficient of the cylinder is smaller than a preset value, the thermal expansion coefficient of the annular piece is larger than that of the cylinder, the second matching structure and the annular piece are assembled through hot charging, and the inspection device and the to-be-detected workpiece are assembled through cold charging. And the gap uniformity between the first matching structure after temperature returning and the driving hole is used for verifying the coaxiality between the driving hole and the contrast hole. According to the inspection device, by arranging the cylinders and the annular pieces with different thermal expansion coefficients, it is guaranteed that the cylinders with the low thermal expansion coefficients are not prone to deformation due to the temperature influence, large deformation caused by low-temperature treatment is avoided, and the size precision is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shield drive hole coaxiality inspection, and in particular, to an inspection device for shield drive hole machining. In addition, the present invention also relates to a shield drive hole machining method comprising the inspection device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the coaxiality of the shield machine's drive hole is mainly guaranteed by repeated positioning with the machine tool's accuracy. If the machine tool's accuracy changes during the machining process, it will directly lead to the coaxiality of the drive hole being out of tolerance, which will cause the drive hole to fail.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to perform coaxiality detection on the drive hole of the shield machine after processing. However, the existing technology mainly uses on-machine detection for the detection of the coaxiality of the drive hole, and there are few third-party detection methods, such as laser detection, which has low detection efficiency and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an inspection device and a shield drive hole processing method for shield drive hole processing, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the shield machine gearbox drive hole has high precision requirements, few position detection methods, low detection efficiency and high detection cost.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inspection device for shield drive hole processing, the inspection device comprising a column, on which a coaxial first matching structure and a second matching structure are respectively formed, and the second matching structure is provided with an annular member for coaxial positioning and matching with a control hole; the first matching structure is constructed in a preset size to match with the processed drive hole; the thermal expansion coefficient of the first matching structure or the column is smaller than a preset value, the thermal expansion coefficient of the annular member is larger than the thermal expansion coefficient of the column, the second matching structure and the annular member are assembled by heat fitting, and the inspection device and the workpiece to be tested are assembled by cold fitting, and the uniformity of the gap between the first matching structure and the drive hole after returning to temperature is used to verify the coaxiality between the drive hole and the control hole.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the inspection device is provided with an air bleed structure for introducing low-temperature gas or low-temperature liquid.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the air ducting structure includes a first hole segment arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the cylinder is also provided with a plurality of second hole segments connected to the first hole segment and the outer wall of the second matching structure, and the annular member is provided with air ducting holes matching the circumferential distribution position of the second hole segment, and the two ends of the air ducting holes are respectively connected to the inner wall of the annular member and the end face of the annular member.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a positioning structure is provided between the annular member and the column, for achieving axial positioning and / or circumferential positioning between the annular member and the column.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the positioning structure is set after the second matching structure and the annular part are assembled by heat-fitting; the outer circle of the annular part and the first matching structure are integrally processed after the cylinder and the annular part are assembled.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the column includes a first shaft segment, a second shaft segment and a connecting structure for connecting the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment, the second matching structure is arranged on the first shaft segment, and the first matching structure is arranged on the second shaft segment.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a heat insulating member is provided between the first shaft segment and the second shaft segment.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the size of the outer circle of the annular member matches the upper tolerance limit of the control hole; and the size of the first matching structure is reduced by a preset value compared to the nominal diameter of the driving hole.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a shield drive hole machining method is provided, which uses the inspection device for shield drive hole machining according to any one of the above claims, and the machining method includes:

[0014] S1. Tooling for gearbox to be processed;

[0015] S2. Align and determine the machining coordinate system;

[0016] S3. Rough machining of the current drive hole of the gearbox;

[0017] S4. Natural aging;

[0018] S5. Semi-finishing and finishing;

[0019] S6. Verification;

[0020] S7. After the test device is low temperature treated, it is cold loaded into the control well;

[0021] S8. After returning to temperature, measure the gap between the first mating structure and the drive hole with a feeler gauge, and determine the coaxiality by the uniformity of the gap;

[0022] S9. After the inspection is completed, the inspection device is subjected to low-temperature treatment, taken out from the current drive hole, and the inspection of the next drive hole is carried out.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, step S1 includes:

[0024] S11. Arrange the columns and hydraulic jacks, prepare the screws and pressure plates, and position the columns on one side of the hydraulic jacks. The hydraulic jacks have a pressure feedback function.

[0025] S12. Hoist the gearbox onto the jack. The sidewall of the gearbox engages the hydraulic jack. Record the pressure value P1 fed back by the hydraulic jack.

[0026] S13. Adjust the vehicle descent height so that the pressure feedback value P2 is 10%-30% of P1;

[0027] S14. Press the pressure plate on the top end surface of the gearbox so that the bottom end of the gearbox is pressed against the column, and the pressure plate is locked to the column by the screw;

[0028] S15. Wait for the pressure gauge reading to stabilize before uncoupling the vehicle.

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The column and the ring part of the inspection device have different thermal expansion coefficients, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the ring part is smaller than that of the column. The second matching structure and the ring part are assembled by heat-fitting, that is, the ring part is heated so that the second matching structure can be more smoothly installed in the ring part based on thermal expansion and contraction, or the ring part and the column are heated simultaneously so that the column deformation is smaller based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the two, and thus it can be more smoothly installed in the ring part. The inspection device can be positioned and fixed and the matching surface can be processed after the assembly is completed; when conducting the inspection, the ring part and the control hole are assembled by cold fitting, that is, the size of the ring part is slightly reduced under low temperature conditions so that it can be smoothly installed in the control hole. When the assembly is completed, the first matching structure is matched with the driving hole. After the temperature rises, the ring part and the control hole are aligned and tightened. By measuring the gap between the first matching structure and the drive hole, the coaxiality can be judged according to the uniformity of the gap to complete the inspection; the present inspection device sets a column and annular parts with different thermal expansion coefficients to ensure that the column with a lower thermal expansion coefficient is not easily deformed by temperature, avoids large deformation caused by low-temperature treatment, and ensures dimensional accuracy, while the annular part with a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient can be assembled to the annular part by heat assembly and to the control hole by cold assembly, and the positioning and matching are completed after the temperature is restored. The operation is simple and only the annular part can be replaced after deformation, and the cost is low; by using the present inspection device, the coaxiality of the drive hole can be quickly detected without the help of laser detection, ensuring that the position of the drive hole meets the requirements, the inspection efficiency is high, and the cost is low.

[0031] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the drive hole of the gearbox workpiece;

[0035] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a testing device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a diagram of an inspection tooling of an inspection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 It is a gearbox tooling flow chart of the processing method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a gearbox tooling for a processing method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Legend:

[0040] 100. Column; 101. First matching structure; 102. Second matching structure; 103. First hole section; 104. Second hole section; 105. Connecting structure; 106. First shaft section; 107. Second shaft section; 108. Thermal insulation member; 200. Ring member; 201. Air duct; 300. Gearbox; 301. Control hole; 302. Drive hole; 400. Positioning structure; 500. Hydraulic jack; 600. Screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0042] Figure 1 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the drive hole of the gearbox workpiece; Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a testing device according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of an inspection tooling of an inspection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a gearbox tooling flow chart of the processing method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a gearbox tooling for a processing method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the inspection device for processing the shield drive hole 302 of this embodiment includes a column 100, on which a coaxial first matching structure 101 and a second matching structure 102 are respectively formed, and a ring member 200 for coaxial positioning and matching with the control hole 301 is provided on the outside of the second matching structure 102; the first matching structure 101 is constructed with a preset size to match the machined drive hole 302; the thermal expansion coefficient of the first matching structure 101 or the column 100 is less than a preset value, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the ring member 200 is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the column 100; the second matching structure 102 and the ring member 200 are assembled by heat fitting, and the inspection device and the workpiece to be tested are assembled by cold fitting; the uniformity of the gap between the first matching structure 101 and the drive hole 302 after returning to temperature is used to verify the coaxiality between the drive hole 302 and the control hole 301; it should be understood that the axial spacing between the first matching structure 101 and the second matching structure 102 matches the axial spacing between the control hole 301 and the drive hole 302;

[0044] In this embodiment, the entire column 100 is made of a material with a low thermal expansion coefficient. In other embodiments, only the first matching structure 101 may be made of a material with a low thermal expansion coefficient.

[0045] It can be understood that the column 100 and the ring part 200 of the inspection device have different thermal expansion coefficients and the thermal expansion coefficient of the ring part 200 is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the column 100. The second matching structure 102 and the ring part 200 are assembled by heat-fitting, that is, the ring part 200 is heated to enable the second matching structure 102 to be more smoothly installed in the ring part 200 based on thermal expansion and contraction, or the ring part 200 and the column 100 are heated simultaneously. Based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the two, the deformation of the column 100 is smaller and it is more smoothly installed in the ring part 200. The inspection device can be positioned and fixed and the matching surface processed after the assembly is completed; when conducting the inspection, the ring part 200 and the control hole 301 are assembled by cold fitting, that is, the size of the ring part 200 is slightly reduced under low temperature conditions so that it can be smoothly installed in the control hole 301. When the assembly is completed, the first matching structure 101 is matched with the drive hole 302, and the temperature rises The rear annular member 200 and the control hole 301 are aligned and fastened, and the gap between the first matching structure 101 and the drive hole 302 is measured, and the coaxiality can be judged according to the uniformity of the gap to complete the inspection; the present inspection device ensures that the column 100 with a lower thermal expansion coefficient is not easily deformed by temperature by arranging a column 100 and annular member 200 with different thermal expansion coefficients, thereby avoiding large deformation caused by low-temperature treatment and ensuring dimensional accuracy, while the annular member 200 with a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient can be assembled to the annular member 200 by heat fitting and to the control hole 301 by cold fitting, and the positioning and matching are completed after the temperature is restored, which is simple to operate and only the annular member 200 can be replaced after deformation, and the cost is low; by using the present inspection device, the coaxiality of the drive hole 302 can be quickly detected without the aid of laser detection, ensuring that the position of the drive hole 302 meets the requirements, with high inspection efficiency and low cost.

[0046] It should be understood that the above preset value is a relatively small value, which ensures that the column 100 has a low thermal expansion coefficient and greatly reduces the deformation caused by low temperature. Specifically, the column 100 can be made of Invar steel, iridium steel or carbon fiber, and the ring 200 can be made of materials with relatively high thermal expansion coefficient and low cost such as copper, aluminum, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, etc.

[0047] It should be noted that the size of the outer circle of the ring part 200 matches the upper tolerance limit of the control hole 301, thereby ensuring that the ring part 200 and the control hole 301 are tightly and firmly matched after cold assembly and temperature return, ensuring the positional accuracy of the inspection device and the control hole 301, and thus ensuring the accuracy of the positional accuracy between the inspection control hole 301 and the drive hole 302. Similarly, the inner circle size of the ring part 200 is slightly smaller than the outer circle size of the second matching structure 102 or matches its lower tolerance limit. The ring part 200 is hot-mounted on the cylinder 100 and fits tightly and firmly after temperature return. On the other hand, the size of the first matching structure 101 is reduced by a preset value compared to the nominal diameter of the drive hole 302. For example, the outer circle size of the first matching structure 101 is smaller than that of The nominal diameter of the drive hole 302 is reduced by 0.1 mm. This dimension can be verified with a feeler gauge in subsequent inspections, which is simple and convenient. Specifically, the first mating structure 101 has an outer diameter d1, the annular member 200 has an outer diameter d2, the first mating structure 101 has an outer diameter d3, the drive hole 302 has a dimension D1, and the reference hole 301 has a dimension D2. The first mating structure 101 d1 is 0.1 mm smaller than the nominal diameter of the drive hole 302 D1. The outer diameter d2 is the upper limit of the D2 tolerance. The outer diameter of the cylinder 100 is smaller than the outer diameters of the first mating structure 101 and the second mating structure 102. The inner diameter of the annular member 200 is 0.1-0.2 mm smaller than d3. During inspection, the gap between d1 and D1 is measured with a feeler gauge.

[0048] Furthermore, the inspection device of this embodiment is provided with an air entrainment structure for introducing low-temperature gas or low-temperature liquid. It should be understood that the air entrainment structure is connected to the annular member 200, so that the introduced low-temperature gas or low-temperature liquid mainly acts on the annular member 200, causing the annular member 200 to deform and shrink at low temperature, and then can be quickly installed in the control hole 301 or removed after the inspection is completed. The thermal expansion coefficient of the column 100 is low, and the first matching structure 101 is less affected by temperature, so as to ensure the inspection accuracy; by providing the air entrainment structure, it is convenient to introduce low-temperature gas such as CO2 to perform low-temperature treatment on it, and then it can be disassembled more quickly in the assembled state, thereby improving the inspection efficiency;

[0049] Specifically, the air bleed structure includes a first hole section 103 arranged along the axial direction of the column 100, and the column 100 is also provided with a plurality of second hole sections 104 connected to the first hole section 103 and the outer wall of the second matching structure 102. The annular member 200 is provided with air bleed holes 201 that match the circumferential distribution position of the second hole sections 104. The two ends of the air bleed holes 201 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the annular member 200 and the end face of the annular member 200. The top of the column 100 is connected to the low-temperature gas source and introduced into the The low-temperature gas is led out through the first hole segment 103 and the second hole segment 104 to reach the air inlet hole 201 of the ring member 200. The air inlet holes 201 and the second hole segment 104 of the ring member 200 are evenly distributed along the circumference, so that the action of the low-temperature gas is more uniform. The air inlet hole 201 is introduced from the inner wall of the ring member 200 to the end face and led out, which increases its passing area, improves the low-temperature treatment effect, further improves the assembly and disassembly efficiency, and effectively reduces the impact of the low-temperature treatment on the gearbox 300 workpiece.

[0050] In some embodiments, a positioning structure 400 is provided between the ring member 200 and the column 100 for axial positioning and / or circumferential positioning between the ring member 200 and the column 100. Specifically, the positioning structure 400 is provided after the ring member 200 and the column 100 are assembled; the positioning structure 400 includes pin holes radially corresponding to the ring member 200 and the column 100 and a pin shaft passing through the pin hole. The axial positioning and circumferential positioning between the two are achieved by the pin shaft radially passing through the two. The structure is streamlined and processing and assembly are convenient.

[0051] Specifically, the second matching structure 102 and the ring part 200 are assembled by heat fitting to set the positioning structure 400, that is, after the ring part 200 is assembled on the column 100 by heat fitting, the pin hole and the assembly pin shaft are processed synchronously after tooling, so as to improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy; on the other hand, the column 100 and the ring part 200 are integrally processed with the outer circle of the ring part 200 and the first matching structure 101 after assembly. Similarly, after the two are assembled, they are processed on the same basis to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the two and the inspection accuracy of the inspection device.

[0052] In some embodiments, the column 100 includes a first shaft segment 106, a second shaft segment 107 and a connecting structure 105 for connecting the first shaft segment 106 and the second shaft segment 107. The first matching structure 101 is set on the first shaft segment 106, and the second matching structure 102 is set on the second shaft segment 107. It can be understood that by setting the first shaft segment 106 and the second shaft segment 107 separately and connecting the two through the connecting structure 105, the connecting structure 105 can be made into a transition structure between the two. When the annular part 200 is subjected to low-temperature treatment before assembly, the temperature conduction can be greatly reduced, and the influence of temperature changes during high-temperature installation or low-temperature assembly of the annular part 200 on the first matching structure 101 can be further avoided, thereby further reducing the deformation of the main inspection structure of the inspection device and improving the inspection accuracy.

[0053] Specifically, the connecting structure 105 can be a connecting sleeve with an internal thread, and the connecting end of the first shaft segment 106 and the connecting end of the second shaft segment 107 are respectively provided with external threads, and the two ends of the connecting sleeve are respectively threadedly connected to the connecting end of the first shaft segment 106 and the connecting end of the second shaft segment 107; based on this, the connecting sleeve is preferably made of a heat-insulating material, which has weak temperature conductivity, and further avoids the influence of temperature changes on the first matching structure 101 causing deformation, etc.; in order to make the structure more stable after the connecting structure 105 connects the first shaft segment 106 and the second shaft segment 107, the positioning structure 400 can be referred to and a pin hole and a pin shaft can be set at the connecting structure 105 to achieve axial and circumferential positioning between the first shaft segment 106 and the connecting sleeve, and to achieve axial and circumferential positioning between the second shaft segment 107 and the connecting sleeve;

[0054] Furthermore, a heat insulating member 108 is provided between the first shaft section 106 and the second shaft section 107. The heat insulating member 108 is also made of a heat insulating material and has a weak temperature conductivity, thereby further preventing the first matching structure 101 from being deformed due to temperature changes.

[0055] In some embodiments, the second shaft segment 107 and the annular member 200 can be made of copper, aluminum, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, etc., and the first shaft segment 106 is made of the aforementioned materials and materials with low thermal expansion coefficients such as hot working die steel, which effectively avoids the temperature changes of the second shaft segment 107 from affecting the first shaft segment 106, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the first matching structure 101; at the same time, compared with the integral structure of the column 100, the material cost of the column 100 of this split structure is lower.

[0056] On the other hand, a preferred embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for machining a shield drive hole 302, which employs the above-mentioned inspection device for machining a shield drive hole 302. The machining method comprises:

[0057] S1. Tooling to be processed gearbox 300;

[0058] S2. Alignment, determination of the machining coordinate system; It should be understood that the center reference of the machining process is aligned and the coordinate system of the workpiece machining is determined;

[0059] S3. Rough machining of the current drive hole 302 of the gearbox 300;

[0060] S4 natural aging; After the roughing drive hole 302 is completed, the workpiece is lifted off the machine tool with a crane for natural aging;

[0061] S5 semi-finishing, finishing; After completing all the roughing of the drive hole 302, the tool is semi-finishing and finishing the drive hole 302 to the drawing requirements;

[0062] S6. Calibration: Calibrate the measuring tool with marble standard sample before finishing;

[0063] S7 gearbox 300 lying flat; after low temperature treatment of the test device, quickly cold loaded into the control hole 301;

[0064] S8. After returning to temperature, the gap between the first matching structure 101 and the drive hole 302 is measured by a feeler gauge, and the coaxiality is determined by the uniformity of the gap;

[0065] S9. After the inspection is completed, the inspection device is subjected to low-temperature treatment, removed from the current drive hole 302, and the next drive hole 302 is inspected; specifically, low-temperature CO2 is introduced into the air bleed structure of the inspection device for low-temperature treatment.

[0066] In some embodiments, step S1 includes:

[0067] S11. Arrange the columns and hydraulic jack 500, prepare the screws 600, and the pressure plate. The columns are located on one side of the hydraulic jack 500. The hydraulic jack 500 has a pressure feedback function. The hydraulic jack 500 can be equipped with a pressure sensor or a pressure gauge to provide pressure feedback. The number of screws 600 is related to the weight of the gearbox 300. The empirical formula is as follows: Number of screws 600 = Number of drive holes 302. The screw 600 specification must be greater than or equal to M36*4.

[0068] S12 hoisting gearbox 300 to the jack, the side wall of the gearbox 300 with the hydraulic jack 500, record the hydraulic jack 500 feedback pressure value P1; that is, according to the feedback pressure value, the hydraulic jack 500 completes the pressure supporting the gearbox 300 is P1;

[0069] S13. Adjust the vehicle descent height so that the pressure feedback value P2 is 10%-30% of P1;

[0070] S14. Press the pressure plate against the top end of the gearbox so that the bottom end of the gearbox rests against the column, and lock the pressure plate to the column using screws; G 物 =F 摩擦 +F 支持力 The gearbox workpiece is circular in shape, and the support area at the bottom of the workpiece is extremely limited. The greater the support force, the greater the local stress and the greater the deformation.

[0071] In this tooling, the gearbox is supported laterally to increase the support area. After the pressure plate is locked by a screw, the pressure plate presses the gearbox onto the column, increasing the friction between the column and the end face of the gearbox. When the friction is large, the pressure on the side wall of the workpiece is greatly reduced. This can be verified based on the pressure feedback of the hydraulic jack. By increasing the friction, the support force on the workpiece is reduced, thereby reducing the deformation of the workpiece.

[0072] S15. After the pressure gauge reading stabilizes, the crane is uncoupled; that is, after the support is stable and the effectiveness of the above support is verified, the crane is uncoupled. Under this fixture, the overall deformation of the workpiece at the position of the reference circle in the vertical state is less than 0.05mm, thereby ensuring that the position of the drive hole meets the requirements of the drawing.

[0073] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0075] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An inspection device for shield drive hole (302) processing, characterized in that: The inspection device comprises a column (100), on which a first coaxial matching structure (101) and a second coaxial matching structure (102) are respectively formed, and an annular member (200) for coaxial positioning and matching with a control hole (301) is provided on the outside of the second coaxial matching structure (102); the first coaxial matching structure (101) is constructed in a preset size to match with the machined driving hole (302); the thermal expansion coefficient of the first coaxial matching structure (101) or the column (100) is less than a preset value, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the annular member (200) is greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the column (100); the second coaxial matching structure (102) and the annular member (200) are assembled by heat-fitting, and the inspection device and the workpiece to be tested are assembled by cold-fitting; the uniformity of the gap between the first coaxial matching structure (101) and the driving hole (302) after returning to temperature is used to verify the coaxiality between the driving hole (302) and the control hole (301).

2. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection device is provided with an air bleed structure for introducing low-temperature gas or low-temperature liquid.

3. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air entrainment structure comprises a first hole segment (103) arranged along the axial direction of the column (100); the column (100) is further provided with a plurality of second hole segments (104) connected to the first hole segment (103) and the outer wall of the second matching structure (102); the annular member (200) is provided with air entrainment holes (201) matching the circumferential distribution positions of the second hole segments (104); and the two ends of the air entrainment holes (201) are respectively connected to the inner wall of the annular member (200) and the end face of the annular member (200).

4. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning structure (400) is provided between the annular member (200) and the column (100) for axial positioning and / or circumferential positioning between the annular member (200) and the column (100).

5. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second matching structure (102) and the annular part (200) are assembled by heat-fitting to provide the positioning structure (400); after the cylinder (100) and the annular part (200) are assembled, the outer circle of the annular part (200) and the first matching structure (101) are integrally processed.

6. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column (100) includes a first shaft segment (106), a second shaft segment (107) and a connecting structure (105) for connecting the first shaft segment (106) and the second shaft segment (107); the first matching structure (101) is arranged on the first shaft segment (106), and the second matching structure (102) is arranged on the second shaft segment (107).

7. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to claim 6, characterized in that: A heat insulating member (108) is provided between the first shaft section (106) and the second shaft section (107).

8. The inspection device for shield driving hole (302) processing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The size of the outer circle of the annular member (200) matches the upper tolerance limit of the control hole (301); and the size of the first matching structure (101) is reduced by a preset value compared to the nominal diameter of the driving hole (302).

9. A shield drive hole processing method, characterized in that: The inspection device for shield drive hole processing according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied, and the processing method includes: S1. Tooling for gearbox to be processed; S2. Align and determine the machining coordinate system; S3. Rough machining of the current drive hole of the gearbox; S4. Natural aging; S5. Semi-finishing and finishing; S6. Verification; S7. After the test device is low temperature treated, it is cold loaded into the control well; S8. After returning to temperature, measure the gap between the first mating structure and the drive hole with a feeler gauge, and determine the coaxiality by the uniformity of the gap; S9. After the inspection is completed, the inspection device is subjected to low-temperature treatment, taken out from the current drive hole, and the inspection of the next drive hole is carried out.

10. The shield driving hole processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S1 includes: S11. Arrange the columns and hydraulic jacks, and prepare the screws and pressure plates. The columns are located on one side of the hydraulic jacks, which have a pressure feedback function. S12. Hoist the gearbox onto the jack. The sidewall of the gearbox engages the hydraulic jack. Record the pressure value P1 fed back by the hydraulic jack. S13. Adjust the vehicle descent height so that the pressure feedback value P2 is 10%-30% of P1; S14. Press the pressure plate on the top end surface of the gearbox so that the bottom end of the gearbox is pressed against the column, and the pressure plate is locked to the column by the screw; S15. Wait for the pressure gauge reading to stabilize before uncoupling the vehicle.

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