Methods and related equipment for measuring the traces of structural surfaces in tunnel surrounding rock

Abstract

This application relates to the field of geotechnical mechanics testing technology, and particularly to a method and related equipment for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock. First, by determining the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel, a measurement coordinate system is established. For any one of n structural surface traces, M feature points and their first coordinate values ​​are determined. Next, the coordinates of the center of the station's cross-section and the azimuth angle of the tunnel axis are determined, and the feature point coordinates are transformed into a local coordinate system with the center as the origin and the specific azimuth angle as the coordinate axis. Then, constraints are constructed, the feature point coordinates are projected onto the tunnel cross-section, the vertical distance is calculated, and the feature points are optimized to meet the constraints. Finally, the third coordinate values ​​of the feature points that satisfy the constraints are determined, a trajectory distribution diagram is drawn, and it is transformed back into the measurement coordinate system to determine the orientation of the structural surface. This application reduces on-site measurements while obtaining self-consistent data, thereby obtaining more accurate information such as the structural surface trace diagram of a circular tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geotechnical testing technology, and in particular to a method and related equipment for measuring the surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock structures. Background Technology

[0002] The geological logging map of a tunnel mainly includes the outcrop traces, attitude, and material composition of the excavation face. Among them, the structural surface distribution map mainly reflects the information such as the distribution and attitude of the structural surfaces. It is the basic information for analyzing the stability of the tunnel block and is of great significance for guiding the excavation design and construction of the tunnel.

[0003] Because tunnel cross-sections are typically large, it's impossible to directly measure information such as the orientation of the structural surfaces using traditional compasses. Therefore, a non-contact measurement scheme was developed using a total station to measure coordinates and obtain the trace distribution and orientation of the tunnel's structural surfaces. Specifically, a total station is installed inside the tunnel to establish a geodetic coordinate system. The coordinates of at least three characteristic points on the structural surface are measured to obtain the plane equation of the structural surface. Then, the azimuth of the tunnel axis and the position of the measuring station within the tunnel are measured to obtain the equation of the tunnel's cylindrical surface. Finally, by combining the plane equation of the structural surface and the equation of the tunnel's cylindrical surface, the trace equation can be obtained. However, the measurement errors of the tunnel axis azimuth and the measuring station position are relatively large, making the measurement data inconsistent, resulting in a complex analysis process and insufficient accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and related equipment for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock. It eliminates the need to measure the azimuth of the tunnel axis and the position of the measuring station in the tunnel, thereby reducing the workload of on-site measurement and obtaining self-consistent data, thus obtaining more accurate information such as the structural surface trace diagram of a circular tunnel.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a method for measuring the traces of structural surfaces in tunnel surrounding rock, the method comprising:

[0006] Determine the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel in order to establish a measurement coordinate system;

[0007] Determine M feature points in any one of the n structural surface traces, and the first coordinate value corresponding to each of the M feature points, where M is an integer greater than 3 and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1;

[0008] Determine the coordinates of the center O of the cross-section where the station is located, and the azimuth angle of the actual tunnel axis direction in the measurement coordinate system. Then, transform the M first coordinate values ​​to the local coordinate system to obtain the second coordinate values. The local coordinate system is constructed with point O as the origin, azimuth angle 0° as the positive X-axis, azimuth angle 90° as the positive Y-axis, and the zenith direction as the positive Z-axis.

[0009] Based on the M feature points, constraints are constructed, and the M second coordinate values ​​are projected onto the tunnel cross-section corresponding to the target tunnel to calculate the vertical distance of each of the M feature points projected onto the circumference line corresponding to the tunnel cross-section;

[0010] The M feature points are optimized based on the vertical distance to ensure that the M feature points satisfy the constraint conditions.

[0011] The trajectory distribution of the M feature points is determined based on the third coordinate value, and the third coordinate value is transformed from the local coordinate system to the measurement coordinate system to determine the structural orientation of the n structural surface traces. The third coordinate value is the coordinate value of the M feature points in the local coordinate system after satisfying the constraint conditions.

[0012] In an optional implementation, determining the first coordinate value corresponding to each of the M feature points includes:

[0013] Obtain the slope distance, vertical angle, and azimuth angle of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace, wherein the j-th structural surface trace is any one of the n structural surface traces, and the i-th feature point is any one of the M feature points;

[0014] The first coordinate value is determined based on the slope distance, the vertical angle, and the azimuth angle.

[0015] In an optional implementation, determining the first coordinate value based on the slope distance, the vertical angle, and the azimuth angle includes: when M=4, the M feature points are four feature points arbitrarily selected on the j-th structural surface trace that are not on the same straight line, and the slope distance is... The vertical angle is The azimuth angle is Then the first coordinate value of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace is .

[0016] In an optional implementation, when M=4, the constraint conditions constructed based on the M feature points are as follows:

[0017] .

[0018] In an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0019] The vertical distance to the i-th feature point on the j-th trace is determined using the following formula:

[0020] ;

[0021] in, The vertical distance is... Let R be the second coordinate value of the i-th feature point, and R be the tunnel radius of the target tunnel.

[0022] In an optional implementation, optimizing the M feature points based on the vertical distance and the constraints includes:

[0023] Step 1: Convert the perpendicular distance of the i-th feature point on the j-th trace into matrix form:

[0024] ;

[0025] in, The vertical distance is the i-th feature point on the j-th trace.

[0026] Let the set of parameters to be solved be The set of parameters to be solved is obtained by using the weighted least squares method to make the following equation hold:

[0027] ;

[0028] in, The weight matrix;

[0029] Step 2: Solve for the weight matrix:

[0030] ;

[0031] in, ,but ;

[0032] Step 3: List the constraints of the unknown parameters, and transform the solution of the unknown parameters in formula (4) into a quadratic programming problem, that is:

[0033] ;

[0034] Step 4: Use MATLAB to write a program to calculate the set of parameters to be solved in order to obtain the corresponding optimal solution;

[0035] Step 5: Optimize the M feature points based on the optimal solution.

[0036] In an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0037] Obtain the coordinates of the measurement control point in the measurement coordinate system;

[0038] The station location and station number are determined based on the coordinates of the control points.

[0039] In an optional implementation, before determining the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel to establish a measurement coordinate system, the method further includes: placing the tripod and mounting the total station on the tripod, adjusting the tripod and the total station to ensure the total station is horizontal, and adjusting the telescope to ensure the telescope's central axis is horizontal.

[0040] A second aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for measuring the surface traces of the tunnel surrounding rock structure.

[0041] A third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method for measuring the surface traces of the surrounding rock structure in a tunnel.

[0042] The method and related equipment for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock provided in this application have at least one of the following advantages:

[0043] 1. By determining the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel, a global measurement coordinate system is established. By determining the coordinates of the cross-sectional center O where the station is located and the azimuth angle of the actual tunnel axis direction in the measurement coordinate system, a local coordinate system with point O as the origin and the azimuth angle as the reference is constructed, which provides a basis for subsequent coordinate transformation and feature point projection.

[0044] 2. After determining M feature points and their first coordinate values ​​for any one of the n structural surface traces, the first coordinate values ​​are transformed into the previously constructed local coordinate system to obtain the second coordinate values. Then, the feature points are projected onto the tunnel cross-section corresponding to the target tunnel. By transforming the feature points from the measurement coordinate system to the local coordinate system and projecting them onto the tunnel cross-section, the vertical distance from each feature point to the corresponding circumference of the tunnel cross-section can be easily calculated.

[0045] 3. Based on the established constraints (such as the requirement that feature points are coplanar), the positions of the M feature points are adjusted through optimization algorithms to ensure that they meet the condition that feature points on the target structural surface trace are coplanar, thus ensuring the accuracy of the final structural surface trace map.

[0046] 4. Based on the optimized feature points' third coordinate values ​​in the local coordinate system (i.e., the coordinate values ​​after the feature points are coplanar), the third coordinate values ​​are transformed back into the measurement coordinate system. Through this transformation, the structural surface attitude of n structural surface traces can be determined, thus obtaining more accurate information such as the circular tunnel structural surface trace map.

[0047] In summary, the tunnel surrounding rock structure surface trace measurement method and related equipment proposed in this application, through operations such as constructing a local coordinate system, feature point coordinate transformation and projection, feature point optimization and constraint conditions, and coordinate transformation back to the measurement coordinate system, achieve the technical effect of obtaining relatively accurate circular tunnel structure surface trace maps and other information without needing to measure the tunnel axis direction and the position of the measuring station in the tunnel on-site. This not only simplifies the measurement process but also improves the efficiency and accuracy of the measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring the surface traces of a tunnel surrounding rock structure, as shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 2 This is another flowchart illustrating a method for measuring the surface traces of a tunnel surrounding rock structure, as shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of feature points on the structural surface trace line onto the cross section of a tunnel, as shown in an embodiment of this application, wherein (A) are feature points before correction and (B) are feature points after correction;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device shown in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, all connections / linkages involved in the patent do not simply refer to direct contact between components, but rather to the ability to form a better connection structure by adding or reducing connecting accessories according to specific implementation conditions. The various technical features in this invention can be combined interactively without contradicting each other.

[0054] In existing technologies, azimuth angles are typically measured using a compass, leading to significant errors in the measurement of the tunnel axis azimuth angle. Specifically, regarding the inconsistency of measurement data due to these errors, assuming a measurement error Δθ of 0.5° (the actual azimuth measurement error may be greater than 0.5°), and assuming the distance from the characteristic measuring point to the station is L = 80m, the offset distance between the measured point result and the true value is Δ = L × Δθ. That is, when the angle is small, the offset arc length equals the distance multiplied by the angle, so Δ = L × Δθ = 80 × (0.5 × 3.14 / 180) = 0.7m. Furthermore, assuming an azimuth measurement error of 1°, the offset distance of the measuring point from the true point is Δ = L × Δθ = 80 × (1 × 3.14 / 180) = 1.4m. Clearly, existing methods for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock produce traces that deviate significantly from the actual cylindrical surface of the tunnel. This means that the accuracy of azimuth and station location measurements is low, resulting in inconsistent measurement data and inaccurate structural surface trace distribution maps. The above example only illustrates this inconsistency using the azimuth measurement error of the tunnel axis. Other factors contributing to this inconsistency include errors in slope distance and vertical angle measurements.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring the traces of the structural surface of the surrounding rock in a tunnel, according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

[0056] S11, determine the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel in order to establish a measurement coordinate system.

[0057] The target tunnel refers to the tunnel that needs to be constructed. Measurement control points are a series of points established within the target tunnel area before measurement work begins. These points have known location and elevation information and serve as benchmarks and references for the measurement work. Figure 2 In some embodiments, after determining the measurement control point and selecting a suitable location near it, such as a flat area with good visibility, to install the tripod and total station, the total station is leveled and the telescope is adjusted so that the telescope's central axis is horizontal, i.e., the vertical angle reading is "0° horizontal". Here, the station refers to the total station, and the station position refers to the installation location of the total station equipment. Thus, the electronic equipment can establish a measurement coordinate system with the station position as the origin, due north as the positive X-axis, due east as the positive Y-axis, and vertically upward as the positive Z-axis.

[0058] To facilitate understanding of the inventive concept of this application, the embodiments of this application are illustrated using the example of a full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavating a circular tunnel.

[0059] S12, determine M feature points in any one of the n structural surface traces, and the first coordinate value corresponding to each of the M feature points.

[0060] Where M is an integer greater than 3 and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. n can be determined by observation within the line of sight, based on the actual situation on site and the purpose of measurement. For example, if two obvious structural surface traces are observed within 30m in front, then n=2.

[0061] In some embodiments, the electronic device can select n structural surface traces for measurement and data analysis. For example, M feature points not on the same straight line can be arbitrarily selected on the j-th structural surface trace, where the j-th structural surface trace is any one of the n structural surface traces. Since the determinant plane equation is determined by using 4 feature points on the same structural surface trace when establishing constraints in this embodiment, the following explanation will use M=4 as an example.

[0062] Refer to together Figure 2 When M=4, four feature points not on the same straight line can be arbitrarily selected on the j-th structural surface trace, and the feature point measurement data corresponding to each feature point can be measured, including slope distance, vertical angle, and azimuth angle. The slope distance measurement is as follows: Vertical angle measurement is and azimuth measurement is Then the first coordinate value of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace can be determined. for: The i-th feature point is any one of the M feature points.

[0063] It should be noted that M can also be an integer greater than 4. In the embodiments of this application, the electronic device can select two structural surface traces, and select four feature points that are not on the same straight line on each structural surface trace, which are respectively called the first feature point P1, the second feature point P2, the third feature point P3 and the fourth feature point P4. The specific feature point data is shown in Table 1 (feature point measurement data table):

[0064] Table 1:

[0065]

[0066] Based on the feature point measurement data, the electronic device can further calculate the feature point coordinates corresponding to each feature point of the structural surface trace, that is, the first coordinate value, as shown in Table 2 (Feature Point Coordinate Table (Measurement Coordinate System)):

[0067] Table 2:

[0068]

[0069] S13, determine the coordinates of the center O of the cross section where the measuring station is located, and the azimuth angle of the actual tunnel axis direction in the measuring coordinate system, and transform the M first coordinate values ​​to the local coordinate system to obtain the second coordinate values.

[0070] Refer to together Figure 2 In this embodiment of the application, after determining each feature point and its corresponding feature point coordinates (i.e., the first coordinate value), the electronic device can assume that the coordinates of the center O of the cross-section where the measuring station is located are... Furthermore, assuming the known tunnel axis orientation and design azimuth angle are... Then, the azimuth angle of the actual axial direction of the tunnel in the established measurement coordinate system can be determined as follows: For example, assuming the designed azimuth angle of the tunnel axis is known to be NE54°, then the actual azimuth angle of the tunnel axis in the measurement coordinate system is... .

[0071] In some embodiments, the electronic device can construct a local coordinate system with point O as the origin, the actual hole axis direction (i.e., 0° azimuth as the positive X-axis, 90° azimuth as the positive Y-axis, and the zenith direction as the positive Z-axis). Once the local coordinate system is constructed, the second coordinate value is obtained by transforming the first coordinate value obtained in the measurement coordinate system to the local coordinate system. Specifically, the second coordinate value of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace in the local coordinate system can be calculated. for For example, the second coordinate value of the first feature point P1 of the first structural surface trace. For example, the second coordinate value can be calculated. for:

[0072] .

[0073] S14, construct constraints based on the M feature points, and project the M second coordinate values ​​onto the tunnel cross-section corresponding to the target tunnel to calculate the vertical distance of each of the M feature points projected onto the circumference line corresponding to the tunnel cross-section.

[0074] Refer to together Figure 2 In some embodiments, the electronic device can establish constraints in a plane based on four feature points on the same structural surface trace, that is, the fourth-order determinant equals 0, expressed as:

[0075] ;

[0076] For example, taking the feature points of the first structural surface trace as an example, the constraint conditions can be expressed as follows:

[0077] .

[0078] Once the constraints are determined, the coordinates (i.e., the second coordinate values) of each feature point in the local coordinate system are projected onto the tunnel cross-section of the target tunnel, and the perpendicular distance from each feature point to the corresponding circumference of the tunnel cross-section is calculated after projection. The second coordinate value of the i-th feature point is... Assuming the tunnel radius (inner diameter) of the target tunnel is R, the perpendicular distance to the i-th feature point on the j-th trace can be determined using the following formula. :

[0079] ;

[0080] For example, assuming the radius of the tunnel is known to be 3.95 meters, calculate the perpendicular distance from the projection of a feature point on the structural surface trace to the circumference. Displaced by the first feature point of the first trace, D 11 Taking the example calculation, we can obtain:

[0081] .

[0082] S15, optimize the M feature points according to the vertical distance so that the M feature points satisfy the constraint conditions.

[0083] In theory, the projection points of all feature points should fall on the cylindrical surface of the tunnel, meaning the perpendicular distance from each feature point to the circumference of the tunnel cross-section should theoretically be close to 0. Therefore, a set of parameters is calculated using the optimal algorithm. To ensure that the measurement data conforms to the actual situation, that is, to satisfy the constraint that the feature points on the structural surface trace are coplanar, a set of optimal parameters is calculated using the weighted least squares method, with the criterion of minimizing the sum of the squares of the perpendicular distances from all feature points to the cylindrical surface. This ensures that the feature point data satisfies the condition that the feature points on the structural surface trace are coplanar, and that the projection points of the feature points on the cross-section most likely fall on the cylindrical surface of the tunnel. (See also...) Figure 3 As shown, the projected points of the feature points before correction do not satisfy the coplanarity of the same structural surface trace. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown in (A), the projected points of the corrected feature points all fall on the cylindrical surface of the tunnel, referring to... Figure 3 As shown in (B), it can be seen that the feature point coordinates obtained in this application are basically coplanar on the same structural surface trace, and the obtained feature point data is more self-consistent and in line with the actual situation.

[0084] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 2 Solve the parameter set to be solved The steps may include:

[0085] Step S151: Calculate the vertical distance from the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace to the circumference line. Written in matrix form, it is represented as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] make The optimal solution for the unknown parameter X obtained by weighted least squares method makes the following equation hold:

[0088] ;

[0089] In the formula, It is a weight matrix.

[0090] Step 152: Calculate the weight matrix.

[0091] Since the greater the distance between the feature point and the station, the greater the distance the feature point may deviate from the cylindrical surface (actual position), the weight matrix is ​​calculated based on the distance between the feature point and the station.

[0092] The weight matrix is ​​calculated as follows:

[0093] ;

[0094] In the formula, The weights in the weighted least squares method. ;

[0095] When expanded, .

[0096] S153, list the constraints for the unknown parameters, and then apply the formula... Solving for the unknown parameters in the problem transforms it into a quadratic programming problem, namely:

[0097] ;

[0098] S154, using MATLAB to write a program to calculate The optimal solution and the corresponding parameter set X to be solved. To facilitate the solution of the extremum problem, the determinant in the constraint condition equal to 0 can be replaced by an inequality, that is, the volume of the parallelepiped described by the determinant is close to 0. That is, the parameter set X to be solved can be calculated using the following constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding optimal solution X:

[0099] ;

[0100] in, a For a relatively small number. Specifically, aCalculated by the program, such as a =0.01. Adjust if MATLAB calculations do not converge. a Set the value to 0.1 until the MATLAB calculation converges, thus obtaining the optimal solution.

[0101] In other embodiments, the electronic device can establish a set of parameters to be solved. A mathematical model is provided to solve the mathematical model, wherein the mathematical model is as follows:

[0102] ;

[0103] In the mathematical model, the constraint condition con2 is determined based on the fact that the station is located inside the tunnel, assuming that the maximum deviation between the actual azimuth angle and the design azimuth angle of the tunnel axis is approximately 10°. The electronic equipment can then use a MATLAB program to calculate the optimal parameter X. for .

[0104] The data obtained through the above optional implementation methods are consistent with the actual situation, and there is no need to measure the axial azimuth of the tunnel and the specific location of the measuring station in the tunnel. This not only reduces the workload on site, but also reduces the error of measurement in harsh environments.

[0105] S16, determine the trajectory distribution map of the M feature points based on the third coordinate value, and transform the third coordinate value from the local coordinate system to the measurement coordinate system to determine the structural surface orientation of the n structural surface traces.

[0106] The third coordinate value is the coordinate value of the M feature points in the local coordinate system after the constraint condition is met, that is, the feature points are coplanar.

[0107] Refer to together Figure 2 In some embodiments, after determining the location of the measurement control point and establishing a measurement coordinate system, the coordinates of the corresponding control point in the measurement coordinate system can be determined, and the location of the station, i.e., the station's station number, can be determined based on these coordinates. Specifically, the electronic equipment can calculate the station number by measuring the distance between the total station and the control point along the tunnel axis, or a temporary measurement coordinate system can be established, for example, with the tunnel axis as the X-axis. Since the measurement control point is a known point, the station number can be determined on the design drawings based on the relationship between the measurement station and the control point. For example, given the coordinates of the measurement control point, the station number can be measured as K8+484.524.

[0108] When the optimal parameter set is obtained by solving the parameter set to be solved. Afterwards, it can be based on By correcting the coordinates of the feature points and further calculating their corrected coordinates in the local coordinate system (referred to as the third coordinate value), the true distribution map and attitude of the structural surface traces can be obtained. Specifically, the electronic equipment can establish a planar coordinate system after the cylindrical surface is unfolded, and the third coordinate values ​​of the feature points on the structural surface traces can be transformed into the unfolding planar coordinate system. In this unfolding planar coordinate system, the station number of the measuring point is the X-axis, and the circumferential direction is the Y-axis. The circumferential length of the cylindrical unfolding is 2πR. Since the station number of the feature point and its circumferential angle projected onto the cross-section can be obtained, the coordinates of each feature point in the unfolding planar coordinate system can be obtained. Within a small area, assuming the tunnel axis is a straight line, a coordinate system is established with the tunnel measuring station as the origin and the axis as the X-axis. The station number of the feature point can then be obtained by adding the X-coordinate to the station number.

[0109] Compared to existing technologies, this application eliminates the need for on-site measurement of the tunnel axis azimuth and the position of the measuring station within the tunnel. In other words, it eliminates the need for on-site measurement of the tunnel axis orientation and the position of the measuring station within the tunnel. Based on the objective fact that the feature points on the structural surface traces are coplanar and all fall on the cylindrical surface of the tunnel, data processing and analysis can be used to transform the feature points to a local coordinate system and obtain a reliable and accurate distribution map of the structural surface traces. At the same time, the attitude information of the structural surface can also be obtained.

[0110] See Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. In a preferred embodiment of this application, the electronic device 4 includes a memory 41, at least one processor 42, and at least one communication bus 43.

[0111] Those skilled in the art should understand that Figure 4 The structure of the electronic device shown does not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of this application. It can be a bus structure or a star structure. The electronic device 4 may also include more or fewer other hardware or software than shown, or different component arrangements.

[0112] In some embodiments, the electronic device 4 is a device capable of automatically performing numerical calculations and / or information processing according to pre-set or stored instructions. Its hardware includes, but is not limited to, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital processors, and embedded devices. The electronic device 4 may also include user equipment, which includes, but is not limited to, any electronic product capable of human-computer interaction with a user via a keyboard, mouse, remote control, touchpad, or voice control device, such as a personal computer, tablet computer, smartphone, or digital camera.

[0113] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods, apparatuses, computer-readable storage media, and electronic devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple components or modules may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, components, or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0114] The components described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as components may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the components can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0115] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each component can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0116] If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0117] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0118] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0119] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the traces of the structural surface of the surrounding rock of a tunnel, characterized in that, The method includes: Determine the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel in order to establish a measurement coordinate system; Determine M feature points in any one of the n structural surface traces, and the first coordinate value corresponding to each of the M feature points, where M is an integer greater than 3 and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; Determine the coordinates of the center O of the cross-section where the station is located, and the azimuth angle of the actual tunnel axis direction in the measurement coordinate system. Then, transform the M first coordinate values ​​to the local coordinate system to obtain the second coordinate values. The local coordinate system is constructed with point O as the origin, azimuth angle 0° as the positive X-axis, azimuth angle 90° as the positive Y-axis, and the zenith direction as the positive Z-axis. Based on the M feature points, constraints are constructed, and the M second coordinate values ​​are projected onto the tunnel cross-section corresponding to the target tunnel to calculate the vertical distance of each of the M feature points projected onto the circumference line corresponding to the tunnel cross-section; The M feature points are optimized based on the vertical distance to ensure that the M feature points satisfy the constraint conditions. The trajectory distribution of the M feature points is determined based on the third coordinate value, and the third coordinate value is transformed from the local coordinate system to the measurement coordinate system to determine the structural orientation of the n structural surface traces. The third coordinate value is the coordinate value of the M feature points in the local coordinate system after satisfying the constraint conditions.

2. The method for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the first coordinate value corresponding to each of the M feature points includes: Obtain the slope distance, vertical angle, and azimuth angle of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace, wherein the j-th structural surface trace is any one of the n structural surface traces, and the i-th feature point is any one of the M feature points; The first coordinate value is determined based on the slope distance, the vertical angle, and the azimuth angle.

3. The method for measuring the surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the first coordinate value based on the slope distance, the vertical angle, and the azimuth angle includes: when M=4, the M feature points are four feature points arbitrarily selected on the j-th structural surface trace that are not on the same straight line, and the slope distance is... The vertical angle is The azimuth angle is Then the first coordinate value of the i-th feature point on the j-th structural surface trace is .

4. The method for measuring the surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, When M=4, the constraint conditions constructed based on the M feature points are as follows: 。 5. The method for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The vertical distance to the i-th feature point on the j-th trace is determined using the following formula: ； in, The vertical distance is... Let R be the second coordinate value of the i-th feature point, and R be the tunnel radius of the target tunnel.

6. The method for measuring the traces of the structural surface of the surrounding rock of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimization of the M feature points based on the vertical distance and the constraints includes: Step 1: Convert the perpendicular distance of the i-th feature point on the j-th trace into matrix form: ； in, The vertical distance is the i-th feature point on the j-th trace. Let the set of parameters to be solved be The set of parameters to be solved is obtained by weighted least squares method so that the following equation holds: ； in, The weight matrix; Step 2: Solve for the weight matrix: ； in, ,but ; Step 3: List the constraints of the unknown parameters, and transform the solution of the unknown parameters in formula (4) into a quadratic programming problem, that is: ； Step 4: Use MATLAB to write a program to calculate the set of parameters to be solved in order to obtain the corresponding optimal solution; Step 5: Optimize the M feature points based on the optimal solution.

7. The method for measuring the structural surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the coordinates of the measurement control point in the measurement coordinate system; The station location and station number are determined based on the coordinates of the control points.

8. The method for measuring the surface traces of tunnel surrounding rock structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the measurement control points and station locations of the target tunnel to establish a measurement coordinate system, the method further includes: placing the tripod, mounting the total station on the tripod, adjusting the tripod and the total station to ensure the total station is horizontal, and adjusting the telescope to ensure the telescope's central axis is horizontal.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The method includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for measuring the surface traces of the tunnel surrounding rock structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the method for measuring the surface traces of the tunnel surrounding rock structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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