Three-frequency common-caliber multi-beam antenna design method, device and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-frequency common-caliber multi-beam antenna design method, device and system, and the method comprises the steps: extracting a distribution forbidding region and lamination constraint of a three-frequency-band radiator through electromagnetic field coupling simulation, and building an initial layout condition; the method comprises the following steps of: performing spatial topology optimization to determine a radiator layout and a feed network structure, jointly optimizing a polarization direction and an excitation phase to realize inter-band matching, generating a beam forming parameter through multi-objective optimization, and finally constructing a common-caliber integrated three-dimensional model, thereby realizing collaborative design and optimization of a three-band antenna in a limited space. According to the invention, collaborative improvement of multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic shaping capability can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a design method, device and system for a triple-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna. Background Art

[0002] Airborne multi-band antenna systems are core components of aviation communications, navigation, and detection equipment, and their performance directly impacts the electromagnetic compatibility and mission efficiency of aircraft. As avionics systems evolve toward multifunctional integration, traditional discrete antenna layouts face significant challenges. Independently installed low-frequency communication antennas (such as UHF / VHF bands), medium-frequency navigation antennas (such as L-band), and high-frequency radar antennas (such as X / Ku-band) occupy significant surface area on the fuselage, degrading the aerodynamic shape. Insufficient physical isolation can easily lead to electromagnetic coupling interference between frequency bands, making it difficult to meet the pointing accuracy and polarization isolation requirements for multi-beam collaboration.

[0003] To solve the above problems, co-aperture antenna technology came into being. The existing co-aperture design generally realizes the shared transmission of dual-band signals by sharing the physical aperture of the radiator. However, this type of solution has significant limitations when it is expanded to three bands: First, low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators need to adopt different sizes and structures due to wavelength differences (such as spiral antennas in the low-frequency band and microstrip arrays in the high-frequency band), and their layout must meet multiple constraints such as electromagnetic isolation, structural strength and fuselage surface adaptation. The existing methods lack systematic multi-physical field coupling analysis tools, resulting in the planning of prohibited areas and the design of stacking height relying on engineering experience, which can easily cause parasitic coupling between radiators or insufficient space utilization; secondly, multi-band polarization matching The mechanism is not yet perfect. The low-frequency band ±45° dual polarization and the medium-frequency band vertical / horizontal polarization need to adapt to changes in the fuselage installation posture, and the beam pointing accuracy of the high-frequency band phased array is highly sensitive to the excitation phase error. In existing technologies, the polarization direction and phase parameters mostly adopt discrete optimization strategies, which makes it difficult to achieve coordinated design of three-band polarization matching and beam coverage; finally, the feeding network is not integrated enough, and traditional coaxial cables or waveguide structures cannot achieve independent amplitude and phase control of three-band signals in a limited space, resulting in increased feeding losses and limited flexibility of multi-beamforming.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a design method for a three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna for airborne platforms to solve the technical difficulties such as the limited flexibility of multi-beam forming caused by the layout conflict of multi-band radiators, polarization phase mismatch and poor compatibility of the feeding network. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a method, device and system for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna, which can achieve a synergistic improvement in multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic shaping capability.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna, including:

[0007] Perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation on the preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions for the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna;

[0008] Based on the initial conditions, performing spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feeding network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold;

[0009] According to the radiator layout parameters, a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands is generated by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator;

[0010] Based on the polarization matching parameter set, performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a beamforming parameter set;

[0011] According to the pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network and the beamforming parameter set, a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration is constructed.

[0012] As an improvement to the above solution, performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, extracting the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generating the initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps:

[0013] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area;

[0014] Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated;

[0015] The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0016] As an improvement to the above solution, based on the initial conditions, the spatial position collaborative topology optimization of the radiators of the three frequency bands is performed to generate the radiator layout parameters and the three-band feed network pre-planned structure of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold, including the following sub-steps:

[0017] Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set;

[0018] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold.

[0019] Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model;

[0020] According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

[0021] As an improvement to the above solution, generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps:

[0022] Based on the arrangement directions of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, a polarization direction optimization model of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is generated through an orthogonal polarization matching algorithm;

[0023] According to the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiator, a phase compensation model of the high-frequency radiator excitation phase is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator is generated through the phase gradient optimization algorithm;

[0024] The polarization angle adjustment amount and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

[0025] As an improvement to the above solution, performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0026] According to the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and sub-array deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators are respectively constructed;

[0027] Taking beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression and three-band beam overlap as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and sub-array deflection angle parameters;

[0028] Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

[0029] As an improvement to the above solution, constructing a three-dimensional antenna model integrating the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency co-aperture of the multi-beam antenna based on the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network and the beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0030] Perform impedance matching mapping between the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set to generate microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feeding network and coaxial structure parameters of the medium- and high-frequency feeding network;

[0031] According to the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the intermediate-frequency surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are assembled in a co-aperture stack to generate a three-dimensional structural model including the dielectric substrate layout and the radiator position;

[0032] The three-dimensional structural model is subjected to electromagnetic compatibility verification, and a co-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

[0033] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a device for designing a three-frequency, common-aperture multi-beam antenna, including:

[0034] a condition generation module, configured to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and to generate initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna;

[0035] A structure generation module is used to perform spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feed network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold;

[0036] a joint optimization module, configured to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters;

[0037] a multi-objective optimization module, configured to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set, and generate a beamforming parameter set;

[0038] A construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration according to the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set.

[0039] As an improvement to the above solution, the condition generation module is specifically used to:

[0040] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area;

[0041] Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated;

[0042] The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0043] As an improvement to the above solution, the structure generation module is specifically used to:

[0044] Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set;

[0045] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold.

[0046] Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model;

[0047] According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

[0048] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method described in the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0050] First, the forbidden areas and stacking constraints of the three-band radiator are extracted through electromagnetic field coupling simulation to establish the physical boundary conditions of the multi-frequency co-aperture layout; then, the spatial position collaborative topology optimization technology is used to realize the high isolation layout of the three-band radiator and the pre-planning of the feeding network in a limited space; then, the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem is solved through the joint optimization of the polarization direction and the excitation phase to form a polarization matching parameter set; finally, the global optimization of the beamforming parameters is achieved through full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization, and finally a three-dimensional model of the three-band co-aperture integration is constructed. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency band interference, and limited beam performance in the traditional multi-band antenna design through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming", and realizes the synergy of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention solve the layout conflicts of multi-band radiators through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining feed network pre-planning and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, the high-density layout of multi-band radiators, precise matching of polarization phases and integrated design of feed networks of airborne three-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space are realized, effectively breaking through the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, and achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement of multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic forming capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for designing a three-frequency, common-aperture, multi-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for designing a three-frequency, common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system provided by one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] See also Figure 1, is a flow chart of a method for designing a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for designing a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna comprises the following steps:

[0056] S10, performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract forbidden areas and stacking height constraints for radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generate initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna;

[0057] S11, based on the initial conditions, performing spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feeding network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold;

[0058] S12, generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters;

[0059] S13, based on the polarization matching parameter set, performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a beamforming parameter set;

[0060] S14: constructing a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration according to the pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network and the beamforming parameter set.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0062] First, the forbidden areas and stacking constraints of the three-band radiator are extracted through electromagnetic field coupling simulation to establish the physical boundary conditions of the multi-frequency co-aperture layout; then, the spatial position collaborative topology optimization technology is used to realize the high isolation layout of the three-band radiator and the pre-planning of the feeding network in a limited space; then, the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem is solved through the joint optimization of the polarization direction and the excitation phase to form a polarization matching parameter set; finally, the global optimization of the beamforming parameters is achieved through full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization, and finally a three-dimensional model of the three-band co-aperture integration is constructed. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency band interference, and limited beam performance in the traditional multi-band antenna design through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming", and realizes the synergy of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention solve the layout conflicts of multi-band radiators through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining feed network pre-planning and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, the high-density layout of multi-band radiators, precise matching of polarization phases and integrated design of feed networks of airborne three-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space are realized, effectively breaking through the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, and achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement of multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic forming capabilities.

[0063] As one example, performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, extracting forbidden areas and stacking height constraints for radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generating initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps:

[0064] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area;

[0065] Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated;

[0066] The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0067] In this embodiment, by combining the structural parameters of the airborne platform and the three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model, a multi-physics field joint simulation process including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is constructed. First, the coupling field strength distribution of the fuselage installation area is generated, the field strength interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator is calculated based on the mechanical load limit; then, the forbidden area and the stacking height constraint are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm, and the electromagnetic compatibility, structural reliability and space utilization are comprehensively considered to generate the initial conditions (including the minimum spacing between radiators, stacking height range and installation angle threshold) that meet the three-band radiator co-aperture layout. The core of this embodiment is to dynamically balance electromagnetic performance and mechanical constraints through precise electromagnetic field coupling simulation and multi-physics field joint optimization, ensuring that the antenna layout achieves efficient three-band collaborative work in a compact space. In summary, this embodiment significantly reduces inter-band interference, improves layout compactness, and ensures structural reliability, providing scientific and practical initial condition support for the three-band co-aperture design of multi-beam antennas.

[0068] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0069] Sub-step 1: To generate an accurate three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model, we first start with the structural parameters of the airborne platform. Assume that the skin thickness of the airborne platform is t (unit: mm), the installation area is S (unit: square meters), and the material dielectric constant is ε r , the magnetic permeability is μ r , the mechanical load limit is σ max (Unit: Pascal) Using these parameters, a multi-physics coupling model integrating electromagnetic field and mechanical stress is constructed.

[0070] Constructing a three-band electromagnetic field coupling model: Using the improved finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) combined with the mechanical stress coupling equation, the following three-band electromagnetic field coupling model is constructed:

[0071]

[0072] E f :Three bands (low frequency f L ), intermediate frequency f M , high frequency f H ) of the composite electric field strength vector; μ: magnetic permeability tensor, which is given by μ r Calculated from the material property database; σ: material conductivity, fitted by experimental measurements; J f : Excitation source term, pre-set based on experience; α k : frequency band weight coefficient, which is set in advance based on experience; S k (ω): Mechanical stress coupling term, set in advance based on experience.

[0073] The above model is solved by three-dimensional grid discretization, and finally the coupling field intensity distribution matrix M of the three-band in the fuselage installation area is generated. E (x, y, z, f). Each element in the matrix M ijk Represents coordinates (x i ,y j , z k ) is the composite electric field strength amplitude at .

[0074] Multi-physics co-simulation verification: The model is input into multi-physics simulation software to simulate the interaction between electromagnetic fields and mechanical stress. Model parameters are adjusted through an iterative optimization algorithm until the simulation results converge. For example, if excessive field strength in a certain area is found to cause excessive mechanical stress, the radiator's position is adjusted or the input power is reduced, and the field strength distribution is recalculated.

[0075] Sub-step 2: Extract the prohibited area: Based on the field strength distribution matrix M E , define the field intensity interference threshold E th , the calculation formula is: E th =max(M E )·γ;max(M E ) : the maximum value of the field intensity distribution matrix; γ : empirical attenuation coefficient, ranging from 0.6 to 0.7, and is set to 0.65 in this embodiment.

[0076] Mark the M by 3D region growing algorithm ijk ≥E th The continuous area is the forbidden area Ω forbidden , which is expressed as:

[0077]

[0078] The specific implementation steps of the region growing algorithm are as follows:

[0079] 1. Initialize the seed point set and select all points that satisfy M ijk ≥E th The initial point;

[0080] 2. For each seed point, check whether there are other points that meet the conditions in its eight neighborhoods. If so, add them to the seed point set;

[0081] 3. Repeat the above process until no new points are added to the seed point set, forming a complete forbidden area.

[0082] Calculate the maximum stack height constraint: Combined with the fuselage skin equivalent stiffness matrix K skin and the radiator mass matrix M rad , establish the stack height constraint equation:

[0083]

[0084] K skin : skin equivalent stiffness matrix; M rad : Radiator mass matrix, its expression is: M rad =m rad I3, I3: 3×3 identity matrix, m rad is the mass of a single radiator (unit: kilogram), which is calculated by geometric volume and material density; min : Lowest frequency band f L The free-space wavelength is calculated as: Where c is the speed of light (unit: m / s), f L is the center frequency of the low frequency band (unit: Hertz). Using the above formula, the maximum stacking height h is calculated. max .

[0085] Sub-step 3: Set the forbidden area Ω forbiddden With stack height h max Enter the Multi-Band Layout Optimization Algorithm (MFLOA), whose iterative formula is:

[0086]

[0087] Layout parameter vector, including radiator coordinates, angles, and spacing; η: adaptive learning rate, ranging from 0.1 to 0.2, set to 0.15 in this embodiment; F(X): multi-objective fitness function, defined as: F(X) = w1·SIR+w2·CLR+w3·SLR, SIR: frequency band isolation, in dB; CLR: layout compactness, calculated in advance; SLR: mechanical load margin; w1, w2, w3: weight coefficients, set to 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2 respectively. mask : Mask matrix of forbidden area, element P ijk =0If(x i ,y j , z k )∈Ω forbidden , otherwise P ijk =1;X ref : Reference layout template, generated through historical data training; σ: Gaussian attenuation coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3, and is set to 0.2 in this embodiment.

[0088] Through iterative optimization of the above process, the initial conditions are finally output:

[0089] 1. Minimum distance d between radiators min =0.35λ L ;

[0090] 2. Stack height range h∈[0.15h max , 0.85h max ];

[0091] 3. Installation angle threshold θ max =arcsin(0.2λ L / d min ).

[0092] This embodiment achieves precise constraints on the initial conditions of the three-band antenna layout by introducing an improved multi-physics field coupling simulation model (integrating electromagnetic fields and mechanical stress), adaptive keep-out area extraction, and a multi-band layout optimization algorithm (MFLOA).

[0093] As one example, based on the initial conditions, performing spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feed network that meet the three-band isolation threshold of the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps:

[0094] Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set;

[0095] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold.

[0096] Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model;

[0097] According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

[0098] In this embodiment, based on the initial conditions generated by the above embodiment, by defining the topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators and setting the isolation threshold, a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the spatial position, spacing and arrangement direction of the radiators to generate a set of candidate layout schemes that meet the isolation requirements; then, the feeding network coupling evaluation model is used to screen out the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements, and combined with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing path of the feeding network are pre-planned, and finally a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network is generated. Therefore, this embodiment dynamically balances electromagnetic compatibility, energy transmission efficiency, and structural compactness through the dual constraints of space optimization and feed network design: First, the optimized radiator layout significantly improves the signal isolation performance between the three frequency bands and reduces the interference between the frequency bands; second, the coupling degree of the feed network is evaluated to ensure efficient energy transmission and reduce reflection loss and signal mismatch; finally, combined with the phase consistency requirement, the directivity and beamforming accuracy of the multi-beam antenna are further improved, thereby realizing the efficient collaborative operation of the three-band antenna in a compact space, providing reliable technical support for the design of high-performance multi-beam antennas in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0099] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0100] Sub-step 3.1: Define topology optimization variables: Based on the initial conditions generated above (including the minimum spacing d between the radiators min , stacking height range h∈[h min ,h max ]、Installation angle threshold θ max , define the topology optimization variables of the radiator in each frequency band. The specific variables include:

[0101] Radiator center coordinates (x i ,y i , z i )(unit: mm);

[0102] Radiator arrangement direction vector d i =(cosφ i ,sinφ i ,0), where φ i is the arrangement angle (unit: radian);

[0103] Radiator spacing matrix D ij , represents the Euclidean distance between the i-th radiator and the j-th radiator:

[0104] Set the isolation threshold between the three frequency bands: SIR th Calculated by frequency-related formula: Pin,k : input power of the kth frequency band (unit: watt); P interf,k : The interference power in the kth frequency band is defined as: Among them E k and E m are the electric field intensity distributions of the kth frequency band and the mth frequency band respectively, and V is the three-dimensional space volume.

[0105] In this embodiment, the isolation thresholds of each frequency band are set as follows: low frequency f L :SIR th，L =22dB; intermediate frequency f M :SIR th，M =25dB; high frequency f H :SIR th，H =28dB.

[0106] Sub-step 3.2: Use the improved multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODEA), whose iterative formula is:

[0107]

[0108] The i-th individual in the g-th generation (i.e., a possible radiator layout scheme); Three individuals are randomly selected; F: scaling factor, ranging from 0.4 to 0.9, and set to 0.6 in this embodiment; C: gradient adjustment coefficient, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3, and set to 0.2 in this embodiment; The objective function gradient is defined as:

[0109]

[0110] Where: SIR(X): frequency band isolation; CLR(X): layout compactness; SLR(X): mechanical load margin; w1, w2, w3: weight coefficients.

[0111] Candidate layout solution generation: Through the iterative optimization of the above algorithm, a set of candidate layout solution sets {X1, X2, ..., X N Each set of solutions includes the position, spacing and arrangement direction parameters of radiators in all frequency bands.

[0112] Sub-step 3.3: Feed network coupling evaluation model: For each candidate layout scheme, construct a feed network coupling evaluation model, the model formula of which is:

[0113] C net : Feed network coupling degree; Z i: Input impedance of the i-th radiator (unit: ohm); Z0: standard impedance, usually 50 ohms; N: total number of radiators.

[0114] Screening solutions that meet impedance matching requirements: Setting the feed network coupling threshold C th =0.1. For each candidate layout solution, if C net ≤C th , then keep it as the final layout parameter.

[0115] Sub-step 3.4: Phase consistency constraint: The phase consistency requirement of the three-band feed port is constrained by the phase deviation formula: Δφ ij =|φ i -φ j |≤φ tol ,φ i ,φ j : the excitation phase of the i-th and j-th radiators (unit: radians); φ tol : Phase tolerance, which is set to \(\pi / 6\) (30°) in this embodiment.

[0116] Pre-planning of feed network structure: Based on the radiator layout parameters, a cascade feed network design method is used to generate the three-dimensional structure of the feed network:

[0117] 1. Microstrip line design: For low frequency bands, a microstrip line structure is used, and its width w and length l are calculated by the following formula:

[0118]

[0119] Z0: characteristic impedance of the microstrip line (unit: ohm), usually 50 ohms; ε r : relative dielectric constant of the microstrip line substrate material, dimensionless, determined by the substrate material (for example, a typical value of FR4 material is about 4.4); c: speed of light (unit: m / s); f L : center frequency of the low frequency band;

[0120] 2. Coaxial structure design: For medium and high frequency bands, a coaxial structure is used, and its inner conductor radius r in and the outer conductor radius r out Calculated by the following formula:

[0121]

[0122] f M : Center frequency of the intermediate frequency band (unit: Hertz); : Vacuum permeability (unit: Henry / meter); μ0: Natural logarithm function, which represents the logarithmic value of the ratio of the outer conductor radius to the inner conductor radius.

[0123] Finally, the pre-planned structure of the triple-band feeding network is generated, including the above-mentioned microstrip line parameters and coaxial structure parameters.

[0124] This embodiment introduces an improved multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODEA), a feed network coupling evaluation model, and a stacked feed network design method to achieve spatial position collaborative topology optimization of three-band radiators and feed network pre-planning.

[0125] As one example, generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator based on the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps:

[0126] Based on the arrangement directions of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, a polarization direction optimization model of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is generated through an orthogonal polarization matching algorithm;

[0127] According to the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiator, a phase compensation model of the high-frequency radiator excitation phase is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator is generated through the phase gradient optimization algorithm;

[0128] The polarization angle adjustment amount and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

[0129] In this embodiment, based on the radiator layout parameters generated in the above embodiment, a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands is constructed by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator: first, a polarization direction optimization model is established according to the arrangement directions of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators, and an orthogonal polarization matching algorithm is used to generate a polarization angle adjustment to improve the polarization isolation between the low frequency and medium frequency; secondly, combined with the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiator, a phase compensation model of the excitation phase is established, and the phase gradient optimization algorithm is used to generate the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator to ensure the directionality and phase consistency of the high-frequency beam; finally, the polarization angle adjustment amount and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a three-band polarization matching parameter set including the polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameters. This embodiment dynamically coordinates the polarization characteristics and phase distribution of the three bands through a method of frequency band optimization and joint iteration, reducing inter-band interference and improving the overall antenna performance. This embodiment significantly enhances the polarization matching capability of the three-band signals, reduces cross-polarization interference, and improves the pointing accuracy of the high-frequency beam and the consistency of multi-beamforming, providing reliable guarantees for the efficient operation of the three-band co-aperture antenna in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0130] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0131] Sub-step 4.1: Polarization direction optimization model: According to the arrangement direction vector d of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators L =(cosφ L , sinφ L , 0) and d M =(cosφ M , sinφ M ,0), establish a polarization direction optimization model.

[0132] The model formula is:

[0133]

[0134] Δφ LM : polarization angle between low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators (unit: radians); d L ·d M : The dot product of two vectors; ||d L || and ||d M ||: respectively d L and d M The mold length.

[0135] Orthogonal polarization matching algorithm: The improved orthogonal polarization matching algorithm (OPMA) is used, and its iterative formula is:

[0136] φ opt，k : the polarization angle adjustment value of the kth iteration (unit: radian); η: learning rate, ranging from 0.05 to 0.1, and set to 0.08 in this embodiment; P(φ opt，k ): polarization matching function, defined as: Δφ i : the polarization angle of the i-th pair of low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators; N: the number of radiator pairs.

[0137] Through the above iterative optimization, the polarization angle adjustment Δφ of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is finally generated. L and Δφ M .

[0138] Sub-step 4.2: Establish a phase compensation model based on the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiator. Assume that the center coordinate of the high-frequency radiator is (x i ,y i , z i ), its excitation phase φ i Calculated by the following formula:

[0139]

[0140] φ i : the excitation phase of the i-th high-frequency radiator (unit: radian); λ H : free space wavelength in the high frequency band (unit: meter); (x0, y0, z0): reference point coordinates (usually the center point of the antenna).

[0141] Phase gradient optimization algorithm: The improved phase gradient optimization algorithm (PGOA) is used, and its iterative formula is:

[0142] φ comp，k : phase compensation value of the kth iteration (unit: radian); α: step size factor, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3, and set to 0.2 in this embodiment; G(φ comp，k ): Phase consistency function, defined as: φ ref : reference phase (unit: radian); N: total number of high-frequency radiators.

[0143] Through the iterative optimization of the above algorithm, the excitation phase compensation value φ of the high-frequency radiator is finally generated comp .

[0144] Sub-step 4.3: Adjust the polarization angles of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators by Δφ L , Δφ M And the excitation phase compensation value φ of the high-frequency radiator comp As input variables, a joint iterative optimization model is constructed. The model formula is: X opt，k : optimization variable vector for the kth iteration, including Δφ L , Δφ M and φ comp β: Joint optimization step size, ranging from 0.05 to 0.2, and set to 0.1 in this embodiment; F(X opt，k ): Multi-objective fitness function, defined as:

[0145] F(X opt，k )=w1·P match +w2·C phase +w3·I polar , P match : polarization matching; C phase : Phase consistency; I polar : polarization isolation; w1, w1, w3: weight coefficients.

[0146] Polarization matching parameter set generation: Through the above joint iterative optimization model, the polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands is finally generated, including: polarization direction angle φ L ,φ M ; Phase compensation weight φcomp ; Polarization isolation parameter I polar .

[0147] This embodiment achieves precise matching of the polarization direction and excitation phase of the three-band radiator by introducing an improved orthogonal polarization matching algorithm (OPMA), a phase gradient optimization algorithm (PGOA) and a joint iterative optimization model.

[0148] As one example, based on the polarization matching parameter set, performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0149] According to the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and sub-array deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators are respectively constructed;

[0150] Taking beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression and three-band beam overlap as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and sub-array deflection angle parameters;

[0151] Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

[0152] In this embodiment, based on the polarization matching parameter set generated in the above embodiment, by constructing the amplitude and phase weight matrices and subarray deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators respectively, and taking beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression, and three-band beam overlap rate as optimization targets, a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the amplitude and phase weights and subarray deflection angles to generate optimized parameters; then, electromagnetic simulation is used to verify the beamforming performance, and it is iterated repeatedly until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated. This embodiment dynamically coordinates the beam characteristics of the three frequency bands through the joint optimization of polarization matching, amplitude and phase weights, and subarray deflection angles to achieve continuity and high efficiency of full-band signal coverage; this embodiment significantly improves the accuracy and stability of beam pointing, effectively suppresses sidelobe interference, and enhances the coverage consistency of the three-band beams, providing scientific and practical design support for high-performance beamforming of multi-beam antennas in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0153] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0154] Sub-step 5.1: Based on the polarization matching parameter set (polarization direction angle φ L ,φ M , phase compensation weight φ comp ), construct the amplitude and phase weight matrix W of each frequency band k (k∈{L,M,H). Its elements Defined as:

[0155] The amplitude weight of the radiator in the i-th row and j-th column in the k-th frequency band; The phase weight of the radiator in the i-th row and j-th column in the k-th frequency band; The phase compensation amount is determined by the φ in the polarization matching parameter set. comp Obtained by interpolation.

[0156] Subarray deflection angle matrix construction: According to the beam coverage requirements, construct the subarray deflection angle matrix Θ k , whose elements Defined as: (x0, y0): coordinates of the center of the sub-array; Δθ k : Deflection angle compensation amount of the kth frequency band.

[0157] Sub-step 5.2: Use the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO), and its iterative formula is:

[0158]

[0159] The d-th dimension velocity of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration; The d-th dimension position of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration; ω: inertia weight; c1, c2: learning factors, set to 2.0 and 2.0 respectively; r1, r2: random numbers in the range [0, 1]; pbest i，d : The historical optimal position of the \(i\)th particle; gbest d : Global optimal position.

[0160] Optimization indicator definition:

[0161] 1. Beam pointing accuracy:

[0162] 2. Sidelobe suppression: in and are the sidelobe power and mainlobe power of the kth frequency band respectively.

[0163] 3. Three-band beam overlap rate: where Ω k is the beam coverage area of the kth frequency band.

[0164] Optimization results: The optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters are generated through iterative optimization of the MOPSO algorithm. and subarray deflection angle parameters

[0165] Sub-step 5.3: Electromagnetic simulation verification process:

[0166] 1. Input parameters: After optimization and Enter electromagnetic simulation software (such as HFSS or CST electromagnetic simulation software).

[0167] 2. Performance evaluation:

[0168] Calculate the beam pointing error E for each frequency band point (needs ≤1°);

[0169] Calculate the sidelobe level ratio P sll / P main (needs to be ≤20dB);

[0170] Calculate the beam overlap ratio E overlap (Required ≥85%).

[0171] 3. Iterative optimization: If the performance does not meet the requirements, adjust the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 of the MOPSO algorithm (corresponding to beam pointing, sidelobe suppression, and beam overlap ratio, respectively), and re-execute sub-step 5.2.

[0172] Beamforming parameter set generation: When all performance indicators meet the threshold, the final beamforming parameter set is output, including:

[0173] Optimized amplitude and phase weight matrix

[0174] Optimized sub-array deflection angle matrix

[0175] This embodiment achieves full-band collaborative optimization of three-band beamforming parameters by introducing an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO), a dynamic amplitude and phase weight matrix, and a sub-array deflection angle optimization model.

[0176] As one example, constructing a three-dimensional antenna model integrating low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency co-aperture of the multi-beam antenna according to the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network and the beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps:

[0177] Perform impedance matching mapping between the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set to generate microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feeding network and coaxial structure parameters of the medium- and high-frequency feeding network;

[0178] According to the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the intermediate-frequency surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are assembled in a co-aperture stack to generate a three-dimensional structural model including the dielectric substrate layout and the radiator position;

[0179] The three-dimensional structural model is subjected to electromagnetic compatibility verification, and a co-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

[0180] In this embodiment, based on the beamforming parameter set and pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network generated in the above embodiment, impedance matching mapping is performed between the two to generate the microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feed network and the coaxial structure parameters of the medium- and high-frequency feed networks, ensuring efficient energy transmission between the feed networks and radiators in each frequency band. Subsequently, based on the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the medium-frequency surface distribution parameters, and the high-frequency array arrangement spacing, the three-band radiators are co-apertured and laminated, constructing a three-dimensional structural model including the dielectric substrate layout and radiator positions, achieving a multi-band coordinated layout in a compact space. Finally, by performing electromagnetic compatibility verification on the three-dimensional structural model, a co-aperture antenna model that meets the three-band isolation and beamforming requirements is output. This embodiment dynamically balances signal isolation, space utilization, and beam performance across the three frequency bands through the joint optimization of the feed network and radiator layout and electromagnetic compatibility verification. This embodiment significantly improves the integration and electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna system, effectively reduces inter-band interference, while ensuring beamforming accuracy and coverage continuity, providing reliable technical support for the design of high-performance multi-beam antennas in complex environments.

[0181] Specifically, the working process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0182] Sub-step 6.1: To achieve impedance matching of the three-band feed network, construct an impedance matching mapping model. The model formula is:

[0183]

[0184] Z match，k : Matching impedance of the kth frequency band (unit: ohm), used to guide the design of microstrip line or coaxial structure; Z0: standard characteristic impedance (usually 50 ohms); Q k : Quality factor, calculated as: R k : equivalent resistance of the kth frequency band (unit: ohm), extracted from electromagnetic simulation; X k : The equivalent reactance of the kth frequency band (unit: ohm), calculated from the amplitude and phase weight matrix and the subarray deflection angle matrix in the beamforming parameter set: The amplitude and phase weights (dimensionless) of the radiator in the i-th row and j-th column of the k-th frequency band are provided by the beamforming parameter set; The sub-array deflection angle (unit: radian) of the radiator in the i-th row and j-th column of the k-th frequency band is provided by the beamforming parameter set. k : angular frequency of the kth frequency band (unit: radians / second); ω0: target center angular frequency (unit: radians / second).

[0185] Microstrip line parameter generation (low frequency band): For the low frequency band, according to the matching impedance Z match，L , combined with the microstrip line design formula in the pre-planned structure of the triple-band feed network, calculate the microstrip line parameters:

[0186] 1. Microstrip line width w L : ε r : relative dielectric constant of substrate material; f L : Center frequency of the low-frequency band (unit: Hz).

[0187] 2. Microstrip line length l L :

[0188] Coaxial structure parameter generation (mid-frequency and high-frequency bands):

[0189] For the mid-frequency and high-frequency bands, the coaxial structure parameters are calculated based on the matching impedance and the coaxial structure design formula in the pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network:

[0190] 1. Inner conductor radius r in，k : Z match，k : matching impedance of the kth frequency band in the intermediate and high frequency bands (unit: ohm), calculated by the impedance matching mapping model; μ0: vacuum permeability (unit: Henry / meter); f k : Center frequency of the kth frequency band (unit: Hz).

[0191] 2. Outer conductor radius r out，k :

[0192] Finally, the microstrip line parameters (w L , l L ) and coaxial structural parameters of the medium and high frequency feeding network (r in，k , r out，k ).

[0193] Sub-step 6.2: Based on the amplitude and phase weight matrix W in the beamforming parameter set k and the sub-array deflection angle matrix Θ k , respectively determine the spatial positions of low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators:

[0194] 1. Low-frequency radiator: According to the center coordinate matrix C L , arranged on a flat or curved surface;

[0195] 2. Medium frequency radiator: According to the surface distribution parameters (such as spherical radius R M ), distributed in three-dimensional space;

[0196] 3. High-frequency radiators: according to the array arrangement spacing matrix D H , arranged on a flat or curved surface.

[0197] Stack assembly: constrain the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators according to the stack height h max Assemble to form a unified three-dimensional structural model.

[0198] Sub-step 6.3: Calculate the isolation SIR between each pair of frequency bands kl : P in，k : input power of the kth frequency band; P interf，l : The interference power of the lth frequency band to the kth frequency band.

[0199] Beamforming performance verification: Calculate the beam pointing error (must be ≤1°); calculate the sidelobe suppression ratio (must be ≤20dB); and calculate the beam overlap ratio (must be ≥85%). When all indicators meet the requirements, output the final co-aperture antenna model.

[0200] This embodiment generates a co-aperture antenna model that meets the requirements of tri-band isolation and beamforming through impedance matching mapping and radiator layout optimization, significantly improving the overall performance of the antenna system.

[0201] See also Figure 2 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device provided by one embodiment of the present invention. The three-band common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device includes:

[0202] Condition generation module 10 is configured to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and to generate initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna;

[0203] A structure generation module 11 is configured to perform spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feed network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold;

[0204] A joint optimization module 12 is configured to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters;

[0205] A multi-objective optimization module 13 is configured to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set;

[0206] The construction module 14 is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration according to the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set.

[0207] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0208] First, the forbidden areas and stacking constraints of the three-band radiator are extracted through electromagnetic field coupling simulation to establish the physical boundary conditions of the multi-frequency co-aperture layout; then, the spatial position collaborative topology optimization technology is used to realize the high isolation layout of the three-band radiator and the pre-planning of the feeding network in a limited space; then, the multi-band electromagnetic coupling problem is solved through the joint optimization of the polarization direction and the excitation phase to form a polarization matching parameter set; finally, the global optimization of the beamforming parameters is achieved through full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization, and finally a three-dimensional model of the three-band co-aperture integration is constructed. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention solves the technical problems of low space utilization, severe frequency band interference, and limited beam performance in the traditional multi-band antenna design through the antenna design process of "physical constraint extraction, spatial topology optimization, polarization phase matching, and multi-objective beamforming", and realizes the synergy of various technical features. In summary, the embodiments of the present invention solve the layout conflicts of multi-band radiators through electromagnetic field coupling simulation and spatial collaborative topology optimization, eliminate polarization phase mismatch by joint optimization of polarization direction and excitation phase, and improve compatibility by combining feed network pre-planning and full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization. Ultimately, the high-density layout of multi-band radiators, precise matching of polarization phases and integrated design of feed networks of airborne three-band common-aperture antennas in a compact space are realized, effectively breaking through the bottlenecks of frequency band interference and beamforming flexibility in traditional designs, and achieving the technical effect of synergistic improvement of multi-band high isolation, low coupling interference and multi-beam dynamic forming capabilities.

[0209] As one example, the condition generation module is specifically used to:

[0210] Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area;

[0211] Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated;

[0212] The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

[0213] As one example, the structure generation module is specifically used to:

[0214] Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set;

[0215] A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold.

[0216] Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model;

[0217] According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

[0218] It can be understood that the relevant embodiments of the above-mentioned three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design device can correspond to the contents of the above-mentioned three-frequency co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0219] See also Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of a three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system provided by one embodiment of the present invention. The three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system of this embodiment includes: a processor 100, a memory 101, and a computer program stored in the memory 101 and executable on the processor 100, such as a three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design program. When the processor 100 executes the computer program, the steps of each of the aforementioned three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design method embodiments are implemented. Alternatively, when the processor 100 executes the computer program, the functions of each module / unit in each of the aforementioned device embodiments are implemented.

[0220] Exemplarily, the computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to implement the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the triple-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system.

[0221] The three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a PDA, and a cloud server. The three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the schematic diagram is merely an example of a three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system and does not constitute a limitation of the three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system. The system may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or a combination of certain components, or different components. For example, the three-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0222] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the triple-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system, and utilizes various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire triple-band co-aperture multi-beam antenna design system.

[0223] The memory can be used to store the computer programs and / or modules. The processor realizes the various functions of the three-frequency common aperture multi-beam antenna design system by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory. The memory can mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system, at least one application required for a function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.); the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the mobile phone (such as audio data, a phone book, etc.). In addition, the memory can include a high-speed random access memory and can also include a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk, a memory, a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0224] Wherein, if the module / unit integrated in the three-frequency common aperture multi-beam antenna design system is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it can implement the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments. Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practices in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practices, computer-readable media does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0225] It should be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment. In addition, in the drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationship between the modules indicates that there is a communication connection between them, which may be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0226] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing a three-frequency, common-aperture multi-beam antenna, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation on the preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generate the initial conditions for the three-frequency common aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna; Based on the initial conditions, performing spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands to generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feeding network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold; According to the radiator layout parameters, a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands is generated by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator; Based on the polarization matching parameter set, performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a beamforming parameter set; According to the pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network and the beamforming parameter set, a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration is constructed.

2. The method for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The method of performing electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, extracting forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and generating initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna includes the following sub-steps: Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area; Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated; The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

3. The method for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The method of performing spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the three-band radiators based on the initial conditions to generate radiator layout parameters and a three-band feed network pre-planned structure of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold comprises the following sub-steps: Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set; A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold. Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model; According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

4. The method for designing a three-frequency common aperture multi-beam antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The method of generating a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters includes the following sub-steps: Based on the arrangement directions of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators in the radiator layout parameters, a polarization direction optimization model of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is established, and the polarization angle adjustment of the low-frequency and medium-frequency radiators is generated through an orthogonal polarization matching algorithm; According to the array arrangement characteristics of the high-frequency radiator, a phase compensation model of the high-frequency radiator excitation phase is established, and the excitation phase compensation value of the high-frequency radiator is generated through the phase gradient optimization algorithm; The polarization angle adjustment amount and the excitation phase compensation value are jointly iteratively optimized to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering three frequency bands, including polarization direction angle, phase compensation weight and polarization isolation parameter.

5. The method for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The step of performing full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set to generate a beamforming parameter set includes the following sub-steps: According to the polarization matching parameter set, the amplitude and phase weight matrices and sub-array deflection angle matrices of the low-frequency, medium-frequency and high-frequency radiators are respectively constructed; Taking beam pointing accuracy, sidelobe suppression and three-band beam overlap as optimization indicators, a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to perform full-band collaborative optimization of the matrix to generate optimized amplitude and phase weight parameters and sub-array deflection angle parameters; Based on the optimized parameters, the beamforming performance is verified through electromagnetic simulation until a beamforming parameter set that meets the requirements is generated.

6. The method for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to claim 5, wherein: The step of constructing a three-dimensional antenna model integrating the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency co-aperture of the multi-beam antenna according to the pre-planned structure of the three-band feed network and the beamforming parameter set comprises the following sub-steps: Perform impedance matching mapping between the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set to generate microstrip line parameters of the low-frequency feeding network and coaxial structure parameters of the medium- and high-frequency feeding network; According to the center coordinates of the low-frequency radiator, the distribution parameters of the intermediate-frequency surface, and the spacing of the high-frequency array, the three-band radiators are assembled in a co-aperture stack to generate a three-dimensional structural model including the dielectric substrate layout and the radiator position; The three-dimensional structural model is subjected to electromagnetic compatibility verification, and a co-aperture antenna model that meets the three-frequency isolation threshold and beamforming requirements is output.

7. A device for designing a three-frequency, common-aperture multi-beam antenna, characterized in that: include: a condition generation module, configured to perform electromagnetic field coupling simulation on a preset fuselage installation area in three frequency bands, including low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency, to extract the forbidden areas and stacking height constraints of the radiators in each frequency band of the multi-beam antenna, and to generate initial conditions for the three-frequency co-aperture layout of the multi-beam antenna; A structure generation module is used to perform spatial position collaborative topology optimization on the radiators of the three frequency bands based on the initial conditions, and generate radiator layout parameters and a pre-planned structure of a three-band feed network of the multi-beam antenna that meet the three-band isolation threshold; a joint optimization module, configured to generate a polarization matching parameter set covering the three frequency bands by jointly optimizing the polarization directions of the low-frequency radiator and the medium-frequency radiator and the excitation phase of the high-frequency radiator according to the radiator layout parameters; a multi-objective optimization module, configured to perform full-band collaborative multi-objective optimization on the amplitude and phase weights and sub-array deflection angles of the radiators in the three frequency bands based on the polarization matching parameter set, and generate a beamforming parameter set; A construction module is used to construct a three-dimensional antenna model of the multi-beam antenna with low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency co-aperture integration according to the pre-planned structure of the three-frequency feeding network and the beamforming parameter set.

8. The triple-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The condition generation module is specifically used for: Based on the structural parameters of the airborne platform, a three-band electromagnetic field coupling simulation model including low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency is established, and a multi-physics field joint simulation is performed on the simulation model to obtain the coupling field strength distribution of the three bands in the fuselage installation area; Based on the coupling field intensity distribution, the field intensity interference area of the radiator in each frequency band is extracted as the forbidden area, and based on the mechanical load limit of the airborne platform, the maximum stacking height constraint of the radiator in each frequency band is calculated; The forbidden area and stacking height constraints are input into the multi-band layout optimization algorithm to generate initial conditions that meet the common aperture layout of the three-band radiators. The initial conditions include the minimum spacing between radiators, the stacking height range, and the installation angle threshold.

9. The triple-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna design device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The structure generation module is specifically used for: Based on the minimum spacing and installation angle thresholds of the radiators in the initial conditions, topology optimization variables of the low-frequency, medium-frequency, and high-frequency radiators are defined, and isolation thresholds between the three frequency bands are set; A multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to collaboratively optimize the positions, spacing, and arrangement directions of the radiators in the three frequency bands to generate a set of candidate layout solutions that meet the isolation threshold. Based on the candidate layout solution set, the radiator layout parameters that meet the impedance matching requirements of the triple-band feeding network are screened out through a feeding network coupling evaluation model; According to the radiator layout parameters and in combination with the phase consistency requirements of the three-band feeding ports, the stacking structure and routing paths of the feeding network are pre-planned to generate a pre-planned structure of the three-band feeding network.

10. A three-frequency common aperture multi-beam antenna design system, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method for designing a three-frequency common-aperture multi-beam antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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