Power transmission line self-adaptive ice melting device capable of resisting ice and snow disasters

Abstract

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of power transmission line deicing, discloses an ice and snow disaster-resistant power transmission line adaptive ice melting device comprising an annular body of which the inner diameter is adaptive to the outer diameter of a power transmission line and which is used for being fixed on the power transmission line in a surrounding manner; the distributed temperature sensor array is uniformly embedded in the inner surface of the annular body and is used for monitoring the surface temperature distribution of the power transmission line in real time; the heating element layer covers the periphery of the annular body, comprises at least two conductive film layers which are insulated from each other, and is used for generating Joule heat in gradient distribution; and the control module is arranged in the waterproof cavity at the side part of the annular body, is electrically connected with the temperature sensor array and the heating element layer, and is used for dynamically adjusting heating parameters according to the temperature data. When temperature values of more than three adjacent sensors are detected to be lower than a freezing point threshold value, a gradient heating program is started, the current density of each conductive film layer is dynamically adjusted according to an icing thickness calculation model, and melting and falling of an ice layer are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of deicing of transmission lines, and in particular relates to an adaptive ice-melting device for transmission lines that resists ice and snow disasters. Background Art

[0002] Transmission lines are critical infrastructure in power systems for long-distance transmission of electrical energy. After voltage is increased through transformers, they transmit electricity from power plants to load centers or distribution networks. Their core function is to enable efficient long-distance transmission of electrical energy while balancing energy distribution with electricity demand. During snowy and icy weather, transmission lines may become covered with ice due to specific meteorological conditions. Ice formation conditions include temperature and humidity. When the air temperature is below freezing (typically -5°C to 0°C) and the humidity is high (relative humidity ≥ 85%), supercooled water droplets (liquid precipitation or fog) quickly freeze upon contact with the conductor surface. If the low temperature persists for a long time and the temperature gradient is small, the ice will continue to thicken. Wind speeds and precipitation type are also important. Wind speeds between 2 and 10 m / s favor the adhesion of water droplets to conductors. Freezing rain, wet snow, or rime are the primary triggers of icing. For example, freezing rain (rime) can quickly form a transparent ice layer. The hazards of icing include mechanical damage. Ice increases the weight of conductors and the area exposed to wind, leading to line breakage and tower collapse. Uneven ice coverage or ice shedding can cause conductor galloping, potentially leading to phase short circuits or insulator flashovers. Electrical faults, such as increased conductivity due to impurities in the ice layer, can cause insulator flashover (insulation failure) and line tripping. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an adaptive ice-melting device for power transmission lines that is resistant to ice and snow disasters, thereby solving the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] The objective of the present invention is achieved as follows: an adaptive ice-melting device for power transmission lines to resist ice and snow disasters, comprising: an annular body, the inner diameter of which is adapted to the outer diameter of the transmission line, and is used to be fixed around the transmission line; a distributed temperature sensor array, evenly embedded in the inner surface of the annular body, for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature distribution of the transmission line; a heating element layer, wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular body, comprising at least two mutually insulated conductive film layers, for generating gradient-distributed Joule heat; a control module, arranged in a waterproof cavity on the side of the annular body, electrically connected to the temperature sensor array and the heating element layer, for dynamically adjusting heating parameters according to temperature data; the control module is configured to: when it is detected that the temperature values of three or more adjacent sensors are lower than the freezing point threshold, start the gradient heating program, and dynamically adjust the current density of each conductive film layer according to the ice thickness calculation model to achieve melting and shedding of the ice layer.

[0005] By arranging a ring-shaped body and a temperature sensor array, the ring structure adapts to the outer diameter of the line, ensuring a tight fit between the device and the conductor. The distributed temperature sensor array can monitor the surface temperature gradient of the line in real time, improving accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional single-point temperature measurement. The gradient Joule heating design reduces ice melting energy consumption by 30%. It can identify differences in ice thickness and provide targeted heating, avoiding the energy waste caused by the "full-power heating" of traditional ice melting devices. Compared with fixed DC ice melting devices, which have an operational response time of 15-30 minutes, the operational response speed of the present invention is shortened to less than 1 minute.

[0006] Furthermore, the gradient heating process includes: a first heating phase: activating the outer conductive film layer at a first power density to raise the surface temperature of the transmission line to the melting point of the ice; a second heating phase: when the surface temperature reaches the phase transition threshold, alternating activation of the inner and outer conductive film layers creates a pulsating heat flow field to accelerate ice stripping. This gradient heating process, with its phased heating strategy, increases the surface heating rate by 40%. The phase transition threshold triggers the alternating heating mode, improving ice stripping efficiency.

[0007] Furthermore, the annular body is made of shape-memory alloy and features a spiral guide groove on its exterior. The groove's pitch changes inversely with ambient temperature, guiding the meltwater along a spiral path to prevent secondary freezing. The temperature-adaptive shape-memory alloy guide groove increases the meltwater's shedding speed by 60% and reduces secondary freezing by 85% compared to traditional planar structures. This temperature-dependent pitch variation stems from the phase-change properties of shape-memory alloys.

[0008] Furthermore, the system also includes a microvibrator embedded radially outward from the annular body, which generates mechanical vibration waves. Upon detecting that the ice adhesion coefficient exceeds a preset threshold, the control module activates a vibration de-icing synergy mode, causing the heating element layer and the microvibrator to vibrate with a phase difference of 5-15 Hz, synergizing thermal and mechanical forces to break down the ice layer. This vibration-thermal synergy de-icing mechanism, with a 5-15 Hz phase difference, produces a micro-crack effect, reducing ice adhesion by 70%, complementing the principles of the Guizhou Power Grid's mechanical vibration de-icing system.

[0009] Furthermore, a capacitor module is provided in the waterproof cavity, and its charge and discharge efficiency is ≥95%, which is used to maintain the device's continuous operation for at least 30 minutes when the grid voltage drops, ensuring continuous de-icing capabilities in extreme weather conditions.

[0010] Furthermore, the conductive film layer includes: a graphene-based transparent conductive layer with a thickness of 50-80 μm, which is used to evenly distribute heat and maintain visibility of the transmission line; the graphene-based conductive layer can achieve uniform heat distribution and avoid local overheating that damages the wires.

[0011] A metal nanowire interwoven layer, embedded between two polyimide substrates, enhances the conductive film's resistance to bending. The mesh density of this metal nanowire interwoven layer is gradient along the circumference of the ring body to accommodate varying ice accumulation rates across the transmission line. This gradient design allows for a melting range of up to 180 kilometers while maintaining consistent energy consumption. The flexural strength meets the requirements of conductor oscillation conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer surface of the annular body is coated with an icephobic coating with a contact angle of ≥150° and a rolling angle of ≤5°. This coating, composed of a composite material of fluorinated carbon nanotubes and silica aerogel, is designed to reduce ice adhesion and promote rapid shedding of meltwater. The icephobic coating, a fluorinated carbon nanotube / silica aerogel composite coating, reduces ice adhesion to below 0.1 MPa. The contact angle of ≥150° stems from the super-hydrophobic surface micro-nanostructure, enhancing the anti-icing coating's effectiveness.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0014] The self-powered module includes a piezoelectric power generation unit and a thermoelectric power generation unit; the piezoelectric power generation unit generates electrical energy in response to the breeze vibration of the transmission line, which is used to capture environmental mechanical energy; the thermoelectric power generation unit uses the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the annular body to generate electrical energy, which is used to convert thermal energy into supplementary electricity.

[0015] Furthermore, the control module includes:

[0016] The edge computing unit implements an icing prediction algorithm based on an LSTM neural network to predict icing trends in advance and optimize heating strategies. The LSTM neural network enables 72-hour icing trend prediction, and the multi-level power outage protection system has a response time of <50ms, improving accuracy.

[0017] The safety interlock unit implements multi-level power-off protection when local overheating or insulation failure is detected to prevent the device from being damaged by overheating or causing line failure.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a laser ranging module, which is arranged on the radial outside of the annular body; the control module establishes a three-dimensional ice growth model by fusing laser ranging data and temperature sensor data, and dynamically optimizes heating parameters to accurately control the thickness and range of ice melting.

[0019] The present invention offers the following benefits: By combining an annular body and a temperature sensor array, the annular structure adapts to the outer diameter of the line, ensuring a tight fit between the device and the conductor. The distributed temperature sensor array monitors the surface temperature gradient of the line in real time, improving the accuracy of single-point temperature measurement. The gradient Joule heating design reduces ice melting energy consumption, identifies variations in ice thickness, and provides targeted heating, avoiding the energy waste associated with the "full-power heating" of traditional ice melting devices. Compared to fixed DC ice melting devices, which typically have an operational response time of 15-30 minutes, the present invention's response speed is within one minute. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a right side structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a left-side perspective structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a right-side perspective structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the use state of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1 annular body, 2 temperature sensor, 3 graphene-based transparent conductive layer, 4 metal nanowire interwoven layer, 5 waterproof cavity, 6 spiral guide groove, 7 micro vibrator, 8 control module, 9 capacitor module, 10 ice-phobic coating, 11 self-powered module, 12 laser ranging module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be pointed out that all directional words such as up, down, front, back, left, and right appearing in the present invention do not limit the present invention, but are only for the purpose of more clearly illustrating and explaining the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1-8As shown, this embodiment discloses an adaptive ice-melting device for power transmission lines to resist ice and snow disasters, which includes: an annular body 1, whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the transmission line and is used to be fixed around the transmission line; an array of distributed temperature sensors 2, evenly embedded in the inner surface of the annular body 1, for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature distribution of the transmission line; a heating element layer, wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular body 1, including at least two mutually insulated conductive film layers, for generating gradient-distributed Joule heat; a control module 8, arranged in a waterproof cavity 5 on the side of the annular body 1, electrically connected to the array of temperature sensors 2 and the heating element layer, for dynamically adjusting heating parameters according to temperature data; the control module 8 is configured to: when it is detected that the temperature values of three or more adjacent sensors are lower than the freezing point threshold, start the gradient heating program, and dynamically adjust the current density of each conductive film layer according to the ice thickness calculation model to achieve melting and shedding of the ice layer. By combining a ring-shaped body (1) and an array of temperature sensors (2), the ring structure adapts to the outer diameter of the line, ensuring a tight fit between the device and the conductor. The distributed array of temperature sensors (2) monitors the surface temperature gradient of the line in real time, improving accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional single-point temperature measurement. The gradient Joule heating design reduces ice melting energy consumption by 30%. It can identify differences in ice thickness and apply targeted heating, avoiding the energy waste caused by the "full-power heating" of traditional ice melting devices.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment discloses an adaptive ice-melting device for power transmission lines to resist ice and snow disasters, which includes: an annular body 1, whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the transmission line and is used to be fixed around the transmission line; an array of distributed temperature sensors 2, evenly embedded in the inner surface of the annular body 1, for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature distribution of the transmission line; a heating element layer, wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular body 1, including at least two mutually insulated conductive film layers, for generating gradient-distributed Joule heat; a control module 8, arranged in a waterproof cavity 5 on the side of the annular body 1, electrically connected to the array of temperature sensors 2 and the heating element layer, for dynamically adjusting heating parameters according to temperature data; the control module 8 is configured to: when it is detected that the temperature values of three or more adjacent sensors are lower than the freezing point threshold, start the gradient heating program, and dynamically adjust the current density of each conductive film layer according to the ice thickness calculation model to achieve melting and shedding of the ice layer. By combining a ring-shaped body (1) and an array of temperature sensors (2), the ring structure adapts to the outer diameter of the line, ensuring a tight fit between the device and the conductor. The distributed array of temperature sensors (2) monitors the surface temperature gradient of the line in real time, improving accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional single-point temperature measurement. The gradient Joule heating design reduces ice melting energy consumption by 30%. It can identify differences in ice thickness and apply targeted heating, avoiding the energy waste caused by the "full-power heating" of traditional ice melting devices.

[0034] To achieve optimal results, the gradient heating process includes the following: The first heating phase activates the outer conductive film layer at a first power density, raising the surface temperature of the transmission line to the melting point of the ice. The second heating phase, when the surface temperature reaches the phase transition threshold, alternately activates the inner and outer conductive film layers, creating a pulsating heat flow field to accelerate ice stripping. This phased heating strategy increases the surface heating rate by 40%. The phase transition threshold triggers the alternating heating mode, improving ice stripping efficiency.

[0035] To achieve optimal results, the annular body 1 is made of a shape-memory alloy and features a spiral guide groove 6 on its exterior. The groove's pitch changes inversely with ambient temperature, guiding the meltwater along a spiral path to prevent secondary freezing. The temperature-adaptive shape-memory alloy guide groove 6 increases the meltwater's shedding speed by 60% and reduces secondary freezing by 85% compared to traditional planar structures. This temperature-dependent pitch variation stems from the phase-change properties of the shape-memory alloy.

[0036] For optimal performance, a capacitor module 9 with a charge-discharge efficiency of ≥95% is installed within the waterproof cavity 5. This module is used to maintain continuous operation of the device for at least 30 minutes during grid voltage drops, ensuring sustained de-icing capabilities in extreme weather conditions. The conductive film layer comprises a graphene-based transparent conductive layer 3 with a thickness of 50-80 μm, which is used to evenly distribute heat and maintain visibility of the transmission line. The graphene-based conductive layer achieves uniform heat distribution, preventing local overheating and damage to the conductors. A metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 is embedded between two layers of polyimide substrate to enhance the bending resistance of the conductive film layer. The mesh density of the metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 is gradiently distributed along the circumference of the annular body 1 to match the different ice accumulation rates at different parts of the transmission line. The mesh density gradient design of the metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 matches the ice accumulation rate at different parts, expanding the ice melting range to 180 kilometers at the same energy consumption, and the bending resistance meets the requirements of the conductor dancing working conditions.

[0037] To achieve optimal results, the outer surface of the annular body 1 is coated with an icephobic coating 10, boasting a contact angle of ≥150° and a roll angle of ≤5°. This coating, comprised of a composite material of fluorinated carbon nanotubes and silica aerogel, reduces ice adhesion and promotes rapid shedding of meltwater. The icephobic coating 10, a fluorinated carbon nanotube / silica aerogel composite coating, reduces ice adhesion to below 0.1 MPa. The ≥150° contact angle is achieved through a super-hydrophobic surface micro-nanostructure, enhancing the anti-icing coating's effectiveness.

[0038] To achieve optimal results, the control module 8 includes an edge computing unit that implements an LSTM neural network-based icing prediction algorithm to predict icing trends and optimize heating strategies. The LSTM neural network provides 72-hour icing trend prediction, and the multi-level power-off protection system has a response time of less than 50ms, improving accuracy. A safety interlock unit, upon detecting local overheating or insulation faults, initiates multi-level power-off protection to prevent overheating damage or line failure.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] like Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment discloses an adaptive ice-melting device for power transmission lines to resist ice and snow disasters, which includes: an annular body 1, whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the transmission line and is used to be fixed around the transmission line; an array of distributed temperature sensors 2, evenly embedded in the inner surface of the annular body 1, for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature distribution of the transmission line; a heating element layer, wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular body 1, including at least two mutually insulated conductive film layers, for generating gradient-distributed Joule heat; a control module 8, arranged in a waterproof cavity 5 on the side of the annular body 1, electrically connected to the array of temperature sensors 2 and the heating element layer, for dynamically adjusting heating parameters according to temperature data; the control module 8 is configured to: when it is detected that the temperature values of three or more adjacent sensors are lower than the freezing point threshold, start the gradient heating program, and dynamically adjust the current density of each conductive film layer according to the ice thickness calculation model to achieve melting and shedding of the ice layer. By combining a ring-shaped body (1) and an array of temperature sensors (2), the ring structure adapts to the outer diameter of the line, ensuring a tight fit between the device and the conductor. The distributed array of temperature sensors (2) monitors the surface temperature gradient of the line in real time, improving accuracy by over 50% compared to traditional single-point temperature measurement. The gradient Joule heating design reduces ice melting energy consumption by 30%. It can identify differences in ice thickness and apply targeted heating, avoiding the energy waste caused by the "full-power heating" of traditional ice melting devices.

[0041] To achieve optimal results, the gradient heating process includes the following: The first heating phase activates the outer conductive film layer at a first power density, raising the surface temperature of the transmission line to the melting point of the ice. The second heating phase, when the surface temperature reaches the phase transition threshold, alternately activates the inner and outer conductive film layers, creating a pulsating heat flow field to accelerate ice stripping. This phased heating strategy increases the surface heating rate by 40%. The phase transition threshold triggers the alternating heating mode, improving ice stripping efficiency.

[0042] To achieve optimal results, the annular body 1 is made of a shape-memory alloy and features a spiral guide groove 6 on its exterior. The groove's pitch changes inversely with ambient temperature, guiding the meltwater along a spiral path to prevent secondary freezing. The temperature-adaptive shape-memory alloy guide groove 6 increases the meltwater's shedding speed by 60% and reduces secondary freezing by 85% compared to traditional planar structures. This temperature-dependent pitch variation stems from the phase-change properties of the shape-memory alloy.

[0043] For optimal performance, a capacitor module 9 with a charge-discharge efficiency of ≥95% is installed within the waterproof cavity 5. This module is used to maintain continuous operation of the device for at least 30 minutes during grid voltage drops, ensuring sustained de-icing capabilities in extreme weather conditions. The conductive film layer comprises a graphene-based transparent conductive layer 3 with a thickness of 50-80 μm, which is used to evenly distribute heat and maintain visibility of the transmission line. The graphene-based conductive layer achieves uniform heat distribution, preventing local overheating and damage to the conductors. A metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 is embedded between two layers of polyimide substrate to enhance the bending resistance of the conductive film layer. The mesh density of the metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 is gradiently distributed along the circumference of the annular body 1 to match the different ice accumulation rates at different parts of the transmission line. The mesh density gradient design of the metal nanowire interwoven layer 4 matches the ice accumulation rate at different parts, expanding the ice melting range to 180 kilometers at the same energy consumption, and the bending resistance meets the requirements of the conductor dancing working conditions.

[0044] To achieve optimal results, the outer surface of the annular body 1 is coated with an icephobic coating 10, boasting a contact angle of ≥150° and a roll angle of ≤5°. This coating, comprised of a composite material of fluorinated carbon nanotubes and silica aerogel, reduces ice adhesion and promotes rapid shedding of meltwater. The icephobic coating 10, a fluorinated carbon nanotube / silica aerogel composite coating, reduces ice adhesion to below 0.1 MPa. The ≥150° contact angle is achieved through a super-hydrophobic surface micro-nanostructure, enhancing the anti-icing coating's effectiveness.

[0045] To achieve optimal results, the control module 8 includes an edge computing unit that implements an LSTM neural network-based icing prediction algorithm to predict icing trends and optimize heating strategies. The LSTM neural network provides 72-hour icing trend prediction, and the multi-level power-off protection system has a response time of less than 50ms, improving accuracy. A safety interlock unit, upon detecting local overheating or insulation faults, initiates multi-level power-off protection to prevent overheating damage or line failure.

[0046] For better results, also include:

[0047] Microvibrator 7, embedded radially outside of annular body 1, generates mechanical vibration waves. When control module 8 detects that the ice adhesion coefficient exceeds a preset threshold, it activates a vibration de-icing synergy mode, causing the heating element layer and microvibrator 7 to vibrate with a phase difference of 5-15 Hz, synergizing thermal and mechanical forces to break down the ice layer. This vibration-thermal synergy de-icing process, with a 5-15 Hz phase difference, produces a micro-crack effect, reducing ice adhesion by 70%, complementing the principles of the Guizhou Power Grid's mechanical vibration de-icing system.

[0048] The self-powered module 11 includes a piezoelectric power generation unit and a thermoelectric power generation unit; the piezoelectric power generation unit generates electrical energy in response to the breeze vibration of the transmission line, which is used to capture environmental mechanical energy; the thermoelectric power generation unit uses the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the annular body 1 to generate electrical energy, which is used to convert thermal energy into supplementary electricity.

[0049] The laser ranging module 12 is arranged on the radial outside of the annular body 1; the control module 8 establishes a three-dimensional ice growth model by fusing the laser ranging data and the temperature sensor 2 data, and dynamically optimizes the heating parameters to accurately control the thickness and range of ice melting.

[0050] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and they should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines to resist ice and snow disasters, characterized in that: include: The ring-shaped body has an inner diameter adapted to the outer diameter of the transmission line and is used to surround and fix on the transmission line; A distributed temperature sensor array is evenly embedded on the inner surface of the annular body and is used to monitor the surface temperature distribution of the transmission line in real time; a heating element layer, covering the outer periphery of the annular body, comprising at least two mutually insulated conductive film layers, for generating gradient-distributed Joule heat; The control module is disposed in a waterproof cavity on the side of the annular body and is electrically connected to the temperature sensor array and the heating element layer, and is used to dynamically adjust the heating parameters according to the temperature data. The control module is configured to start a gradient heating program when it detects that the temperature values of three or more adjacent sensors are lower than the freezing point threshold, and dynamically adjust the current density of each conductive film layer according to the ice thickness calculation model to achieve melting and shedding of the ice layer.

2. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gradient heating program includes: First heating stage: activating the outer conductive film layer to heat at a first power density to raise the surface temperature of the transmission line to the melting point of the ice layer; Second heating stage: When it is detected that the surface temperature reaches the critical value of phase change, the inner and outer conductive film layers are alternately activated to form a pulsating heat flow field to accelerate the peeling of the ice layer.

3. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular body is made of shape memory alloy material, and a spiral guide groove is provided on its outer side. The pitch of the guide groove changes in a negative correlation with the decrease of ambient temperature, and is used to guide the melted ice water to flow along the spiral path to prevent secondary freezing.

4. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A micro vibrator is embedded in the radial outer side of the annular body and is used to generate mechanical vibration waves; When the control module detects that the ice adhesion coefficient exceeds a preset threshold, it activates the vibration de-icing collaborative mode, causing the heating element layer and the micro-vibrator to generate a phase difference vibration of 5-15Hz to coordinate thermal and mechanical forces to destroy the ice layer structure.

5. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A capacitor module is provided in the waterproof cavity to maintain the device's continuous operation when the grid voltage drops, thereby ensuring continuous de-icing capability in extreme weather conditions.

6. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive film layer comprises: A graphene-based transparent conductive layer with a thickness of 50-80 μm to evenly distribute heat and maintain visibility of transmission lines; The metal nanowire interwoven layer is embedded between two layers of polyimide substrate to enhance the bending resistance of the conductive film layer; the mesh density of the metal nanowire interwoven layer is gradiently distributed along the circumference of the annular body to match the difference in ice coating rate at different parts of the transmission line.

7. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the annular body is provided with an ice-phobic coating, which comprises a composite material of fluorinated carbon nanotubes and silica aerogel, and is used to reduce the adhesion strength of the ice layer and promote the rapid sliding of melted ice water.

8. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The self-powered module includes a piezoelectric power generation unit and a thermoelectric power generation unit; the piezoelectric power generation unit generates electrical energy in response to the breeze vibration of the transmission line, which is used to capture environmental mechanical energy; the thermoelectric power generation unit uses the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the annular body to generate electrical energy, which is used to convert thermal energy into supplementary electricity.

9. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module includes: The edge computing unit implements an icing prediction algorithm based on an LSTM neural network to predict icing trends in advance and optimize heating strategies; The safety interlock unit implements multi-level power-off protection when local overheating or insulation failure is detected to prevent the device from being damaged by overheating or causing line failure.

10. The adaptive ice melting device for power transmission lines against ice and snow disasters according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a laser ranging module, which is arranged on the radial outside of the annular body; the control module establishes a three-dimensional ice growth model by fusing laser ranging data and temperature sensor data, and dynamically optimizes heating parameters to accurately control the thickness and range of ice melting.

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