Electric power market dual-system clearing collaborative switching method based on difference threshold driving

Abstract

The invention discloses a power market dual-system clearing collaborative switching method based on difference threshold driving, and belongs to the technical field of power system dispatching. The difference threshold driving-based power market dual-system clearing collaborative switching method comprises the following steps of: constructing an optimal power flow model through an optimal power flow method; based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the standby system carry out clearing calculation through an interior point method and a sequential quadratic programming method respectively, so that a dual-system comparison framework is built; based on a dual-system comparison framework, a self-adaptive switching threshold value between a main system and a standby system is determined through a bisection method. The method can solve the problems of low reliability and large operation risk of a single system in the power market, when the main system breaks down, the standby system takes over in real time, and continuous operation of the clearing process of the market is ensured. And finally, the fault-tolerant capability of the power market clearing system and the real-time switching efficiency between the main system and the standby system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power system dispatching, and in particular relates to a dual-system clearing coordinated switching method for a power market based on difference threshold driving. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in renewable energy penetration, the power market's ability to accommodate and regulate the volatility of renewable energy sources faces severe challenges. Consequently, the practical limitations of a single power market clearing system are becoming increasingly apparent. Practical operations have shown that a single system can cause clearing results to deviate from actual demand due to algorithmic failures or data bias, leading to technical issues such as excessive unit output and overloaded transmission lines, and even posing a potential threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. To improve the operational reliability and adaptability of the power market clearing system to the uncertainties of renewable energy, a dual-system parallel operation mechanism is being considered. This mechanism, through the mutual redundancy of two independently operating clearing systems, enhances the system's resilience and emergency response capabilities in the event of an emergency. Although innovative dual-system clearing mechanisms have been implemented in engineering projects both domestically and internationally, existing solutions generally lack mathematical modeling and theoretical support for system switching conditions, making it difficult to achieve scientific and accurate switching judgments. This has limited the widespread adoption and stable operation of the dual-system mechanism in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for coordinated switching of dual-system clearing in the power market based on difference threshold driving, which solves the problems in the prior art.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The dual-system clearing coordinated switching method for the power market based on difference threshold driving includes the following steps:

[0006] Build the optimal power flow model through the optimal power flow algorithm;

[0007] Based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method, respectively, thus establishing a dual-system comparison framework.

[0008] Based on the dual-system comparison framework, the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems is determined by a dichotomy method.

[0009] Furthermore, the objective function of the optimal power flow model is:

[0010]

[0011] Where G is the generator set, a i 、b i 、ci are cost coefficients; P gi is the output of the i-th generator.

[0012] Furthermore, the constraints of the optimal power flow model are:

[0013]

[0014] P g,t -P g,t-1 ≤RU g ,

[0015] P g,t-1 -P g,t ≤RD g

[0016] Where N is the node set, θ ij =θ i -θ j is the node voltage phase angle difference, P di is the active load demand of node i, V i is the voltage amplitude of node i, G ij is the real part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., the conductance, B ij is the imaginary part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., susceptance, θ i is the voltage phase angle at node i, θ j is the voltage phase angle at node j; and are the lower limit and upper limit of active output of generator i respectively; F l max is the upper capacity limit of line l, N g is the number of generator sets, PTDF l,i is the power transmission distribution factor of line l to node i, P i is the active power output of unit i, N l is the total number of all transmission lines; V i min and V i max are the lower and upper limits of the voltage amplitude at node i respectively; P g,t and P g,t-1 They represent the output of unit g at time t and t-1, RU g and RD g are the upward climbing rate and downward climbing rate of unit g respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, in the dual-system comparison framework, the following steps are implemented in each cycle:

[0018] Step 1: At time t, the primary system completes the current market clearing calculation and outputs the unit output plan, node voltage setpoint, line flow distribution, and node electricity price parameters, which serve as the initial input conditions for the standby system's clearing calculation at the current time;

[0019] Step 2: At time t+1, the main system and the backup system simultaneously start the market clearing calculation task; after completing the clearing calculation, a comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted on the four key operating indicators of the main and backup systems at that moment: unit output, node electricity price, line flow, and node voltage.

[0020] Furthermore, in the dual-system comparison framework, the differences that need to be controlled between the primary and backup systems include:

[0021] Unit output difference δ gen :

[0022]

[0023] Where ε is a constant to avoid division by zero, P i A is the unit output of the main system at node i, P i B The output of the unit at node i in the standby system;

[0024] Node electricity price difference δ price :

[0025]

[0026] Where, is the node electricity price of the main system at node i, is the node electricity price of the backup system at node i;

[0027] Line power flow difference δ flow :

[0028]

[0029] Where, F l A is the capacity of the main system on line l, F l B The capacity of the backup system on line l;

[0030] And, δ voltage Node voltage difference:

[0031]

[0032] Where V i A is the voltage of the main system at node i, V i Bis the voltage of the backup system at node i.

[0033] Furthermore, the steps of determining the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems by the dichotomy method are specifically as follows:

[0034] S31, first test whether the default 5% difference threshold meets 95% of the simulation scenarios; if the 5% threshold is not met, the search range is set between 5% and 20%; if the 5% threshold has exceeded the target, the search range will be set between 1% and 5%, that is, initialize the search upper and lower limits:

[0035] θ low ←θ min ,θ high ←θ max

[0036] Where θ low is the lower limit of the binary search, θ high is the upper limit of binary search, θ min is the initial search lower limit, θ max is the initial search upper limit, A←B means assigning the value of B to A;

[0037] S32, narrow the range by threshold iteration, in the current search interval [θ low ,θ high ], by taking the middle value θ mid , as the current switching margin threshold, to determine whether it meets the target probability p of the switchable scenario sat :

[0038]

[0039] If p sat If it is greater than 0.95, it means that the current threshold meets the requirements and a smaller value θ is used. high ←θ mid Otherwise, it means that the current threshold is not satisfied, and the threshold θ is increased. low ←θ mid ;

[0040] When the relative deviation between the scenario satisfaction probability and 95% is less than 1%, the search stops and the adaptive switching threshold θ is obtained. * :

[0041]

[0042] Where U is the total number of scenes; θ is the unified difference threshold; is the relative difference of indicator x in the sth scenario; I(·) is the indicator function, which is 1 if the condition is met and 0 otherwise.

[0043] The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching device based on difference threshold drive includes:

[0044] Optimal power flow model construction module: construct the optimal power flow model through the optimal power flow algorithm;

[0045] Dual-system comparison framework building module: Based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method respectively, thereby building a dual-system comparison framework;

[0046] And, the switching threshold determination module: based on the dual-system comparison framework, determines the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems through a dichotomy method.

[0047] A computer storage medium stores a readable program, which, when executed by a processor, can execute the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving.

[0048] An electronic device comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0049] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving.

[0050] A computer program product includes computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions instruct a computing device to execute operations corresponding to the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving.

[0051] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0052] (1) Compared with a single clearing system, a single system is more susceptible to market clearing interruptions or price instability due to algorithm failures or result deviations under high renewable energy penetration. The dual system operates in parallel with the primary and backup systems. When an abnormality occurs in the primary system, it quickly switches to the backup system based on the difference threshold, ensuring the continuity of the clearing process and significantly improving the reliability of power market operation.

[0053] (2) The present invention provides a quantitative criterion for dual-system switching by constructing a joint difference threshold model of four-dimensional indicators: unit output, node electricity price, line flow, and node voltage, and combining it with a binary adaptive search for the minimum critical threshold, thereby avoiding the subjectivity and ambiguity of the switching timing and improving the scientific nature of the decision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the collaborative switching method for clearing dual systems in the power market according to the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a dual-system clearing comparison framework diagram of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 It is a topological diagram of the simulation test system of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 It is a switching threshold value diagram calculated by the dichotomy method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, the power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving includes the following steps:

[0062] S1, build the optimal power flow (OPF) model;

[0063] The OPF model solves one or more preset optimization objectives by adjusting control variables under the premise of satisfying the power system operation constraints and the grid power flow equation, thereby achieving the optimal state of system operation economy and safety. In this embodiment, the OPF model takes cost minimization as its goal, and its objective function is:

[0064]

[0065] Where G is the generator set, a i 、b i 、c i are cost coefficients; P gi is the output of the i-th generator;

[0066] The constraints of the OPF model include equality constraints and inequality constraints.

[0067] 1) Equality constraints (power balance constraints)

[0068] The power system must always maintain a balance between power generation and load. If there is an imbalance, the system frequency will deviate, and in severe cases, it may cause the system to crash. Therefore, the equality constraint mainly considers the power balance constraint:

[0069]

[0070] Where N is the node set, G ij +jB ij is the node admittance matrix element, θ ij =θ i -θ j is the node voltage phase angle difference, P di is the active load demand of node i, V i is the voltage amplitude of node i, G ij is the real part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., the conductance, B ij is the imaginary part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., susceptance, θ i is the voltage phase angle at node i, θ j is the voltage phase angle at node j.

[0071] 2) Inequality constraints

[0072] The inequality constraints take into account unit output constraints, line power flow constraints, node voltage constraints and ramp constraints.

[0073] 2.1) Unit output constraints:

[0074] Unit output constraints are used to ensure the feasibility of power generation plans, avoid unstable unit operation or frequent start-stops due to low output, and prevent output exceeding the rated capacity of the unit, which may cause equipment overload.

[0075]

[0076] in, and are the lower limit and upper limit of active power output of generator i respectively.

[0077] 2.2) Line flow constraints:

[0078] Line power flow constraints can ensure the physical security of the power grid and prevent cascading failures. The PTDF matrix is used to describe how the power flow in the transmission line changes when the power injection at a specific node in the system changes. Because the PTDF matrix can significantly simplify calculations, it is considered to be introduced as the power transfer distribution factor:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, F l max is the upper capacity limit of line l, F l max is the upper capacity limit of line l, N g is the number of generator sets, PTDF l,i is the power transmission distribution factor of line l to node i, P i is the active power output of unit i, N l is the total number of all transmission lines;

[0081] 2.3) Node voltage constraints:

[0082] Maintaining node voltage within the allowable range can ensure normal equipment operation and power quality:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, V i min and V i max are the lower and upper limits of the voltage amplitude at node i, respectively;

[0085] 2.4) Climbing constraints:

[0086] The ramp constraint is used to limit the regulation rate of the unit. This constraint is suitable for dealing with the volatility of renewable energy and ensuring that the load changes in a short period of time do not exceed the regulation capacity of the unit. The ramp constraint is usually centered on the power difference between adjacent time periods:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, P g,t and P g,t-1 They represent the output of unit g at time t and t-1, RU g and RD g are the upward climbing rate and downward climbing rate of unit g respectively.

[0089] S2, based on the optimal power flow model constructed in S1, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method respectively, thus establishing a dual-system comparison framework;

[0090] The dual system includes a main system and a backup system. The main system performs clearing calculations using the interior point method, and the backup system performs clearing calculations using the sequential quadratic programming method.

[0091] 1) Interior point method

[0092] The interior point method is a numerical optimization algorithm widely used in linear programming problems; its core steps are as follows:

[0093] ① Introducing slack variables and dual variables: By introducing slack variables, inequality constraints are transformed into equality constraints, making all constraints uniform and easier to mathematically process. At the same time, to construct the dual problem, dual variables corresponding to the primal variables are introduced. These variables together form the primal-dual system, which is the basis for the subsequent construction of the Lagrangian function and the derivation of the optimality condition.

[0094] ② Constructing an augmented Lagrangian function: Based on the original objective function (the objective function of the optimal power flow model), a constraint term multiplied by the dual variable and a barrier function or penalty term associated with the slack variable are added to form the augmented Lagrangian function. This function comprehensively considers objective minimization and constraint satisfaction, and by finding its extreme value, it can unify the optimization and feasibility problems.

[0095] ③ Derivation of KKT conditions: Based on the constructed augmented Lagrangian function, partial derivatives of the primal, dual, and slack variables are taken, and combined with the constraints, the necessary conditions for optimality, namely the KKT conditions, are derived. These conditions include primal feasibility, dual feasibility, complementary slackness, and gradient optimality.

[0096] ④ Newton Iterative Solution: Use Newton's method to iteratively solve the nonlinear system of equations formed by the KKT conditions. Each step updates the variables by solving the linearized system, gradually approaching the optimal solution. By controlling the step size and damping factor, the stability and convergence of the solution are ensured.

[0097] 2) Sequential Quadratic Programming

[0098] Sequential quadratic programming is an efficient iterative optimization algorithm that is widely used to solve optimization problems with nonlinear objective functions and constraints. Its core steps are:

[0099] ① Construct Lagrangian function: introduce the objective function (the objective function of the optimal power flow model) and all constraints into the Lagrangian multiplier to construct the Lagrangian function to describe the KKT conditions of the original optimization problem.

[0100] ② Constructing a quadratic programming subproblem: In each iteration, based on the Taylor expansion of the current solution, a quadratic approximation is performed on the objective function, and a linear approximation is performed on the constraints, thus forming a quadratic programming subproblem with a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. This subproblem is used to approximate the original nonlinear optimization problem locally. By solving this subproblem, the variable direction and step size are updated, gradually approaching the final optimal solution.

[0101] 3) Dual-system comparison framework

[0102] To achieve smooth transition and high-reliability switching between the primary and backup systems during the electricity market clearing process, and to ensure the system's ability to maintain stable operation even in the face of abnormal operating conditions or algorithm failures, this embodiment proposes an optimized transition scheme with engineering feasibility. This scheme, taking into account the characteristics of actual power system dispatch and operation, adopts a "historical data-driven" strategy, fully utilizing the historical clearing calculation results of the primary system to provide reasonable initial conditions for the backup system. This avoids the computational errors, convergence delays, and unstable results that arise when the backup system starts calculations from zero initial values during independent operation.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown in the dual-system comparison framework, the following steps are implemented in each cycle:

[0104] Step 1: At time t, the main system completes the current market clearing calculation and outputs key parameters such as unit output plan, node voltage setpoint, line flow distribution, and node electricity price. These parameters will serve as the initial input conditions for the standby system's clearing calculation at the current moment; these core parameters are stored and transmitted to the standby system in a timely manner.

[0105] Step 2: At time t+1, the main system and the backup system simultaneously start the market clearing calculation task; since the two systems maintain the same initial conditions, the difference is only reflected in the clearing algorithm adopted. The main system is optimized and solved based on the interior point method, while the backup system uses the sequential quadratic programming method for solution; after completing the clearing calculation, a comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted on the four key operating indicators of the main and backup systems at that moment: unit output, node electricity price, line flow, and node voltage.

[0106] To ensure a smooth switchover to the backup system in the event of a primary system failure, the differences in generator scheduling between the primary and backup systems must be strictly controlled. If the differences in generator scheduling between the primary and backup systems are too large, the generators will be forced to make drastic adjustments upon a primary system failure and switchover to the backup system. This can cause frequent ramping and ramping, leading to frequent unit starts and stops or drastic adjustments, and thus inducing dynamic instability.

[0107] In the dual-system comparison framework, the differences between the primary and backup systems that need to be controlled include: unit output differences, node electricity price differences, line flow differences, and node voltage differences;

[0108] ① Unit output difference

[0109] The present invention sets the unit output difference threshold and monitors and evaluates the output deviation between the main and standby systems in real time in the clearing results to ensure the continuity of power generation plan and smooth scheduling during the switching process, thereby improving the coordinated operation capability and switching reliability of the dual systems; the unit output difference δ gen The calculation formula is:

[0110]

[0111] Where ε = 10 -6 is a constant to avoid division by zero, P i A is the unit output of the main system at node i, P i B The output of the unit at node i in the standby system;

[0112] ② Node electricity price differences

[0113] If the primary and backup systems calculate significantly different electricity prices for the same node at the same time, the market price signal will be distorted, and market participants will find it difficult to judge the true price signal. price The formula is:

[0114]

[0115] Where λ i A is the node electricity price of the main system at node i, λ i B is the node electricity price of the backup system at node i;

[0116] ③ Line flow differences

[0117] Excessive line power flow differences indicate that the system has inconsistent estimates of line current and voltage drop under the same load. If the backup system is switched to operation in this case, the local line power flow may exceed the design limit, thereby causing the risk of line overload and endangering the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control the power flow difference between the main and backup systems. The line power flow difference δ flow The formula is:

[0118]

[0119] Where, F l A is the capacity of the main system on line l, F l B The capacity of the backup system on line l;

[0120] ④Node voltage difference

[0121] After switching to the backup system, the node voltage may deviate from the main system's expectations. If the voltage is too low, it will trigger the low voltage protection, causing the load to disconnect from the grid; if the voltage is too high, it may cause equipment insulation breakdown and damage high-voltage equipment. voltage The formula is:

[0122]

[0123] Where V i A is the voltage of the main system at node i, V i B is the voltage of the backup system at node i.

[0124] S3, based on the dual-system comparison framework in S2, determines the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems through a dichotomy method;

[0125] Define a unified difference threshold θ to measure whether the relative error of key operating indicators between the primary and standby systems is within an acceptable range. By comprehensively comparing the four core indicators in multiple simulated operation scenarios, calculate their relative errors, and extract the maximum relative difference value of the four indicators in each scenario as the representative error indicator of the scenario. Subsequently, count the proportion of scenarios in all simulated scenarios that meet the maximum relative error of no more than θ. When this proportion reaches or exceeds 95%, it can be determined that under the current difference threshold, the primary and standby systems have highly consistent operating behaviors under most working conditions, and the primary and standby systems have the conditions for safe switching. The specific formula is:

[0126]

[0127] Where U is the total number of scenes; is the relative difference of indicator x in the sth scenario; I(·) is the indicator function, which is 1 if the condition is met and 0 otherwise.

[0128] To determine the minimum unified difference threshold θ between the two systems under the condition of achieving safe switching * , the present invention adopts an adaptive search strategy based on the binary search method. The present invention does not directly calculate the difference threshold of each indicator. Although the direct calculation method can determine the threshold that meets the probability requirements of a specific scenario for each difference, this method fails to consider the cross-consistency problem between the difference indicators, that is, the thresholds of different differences may correspond to different scene sets. If the difference thresholds are set separately, it may result in the absence of a unified scene set that can meet all the difference conditions at the same time, causing the switching success rate in actual operation to be far lower than the set target. Specifically, there may be a large difference between the scene set satisfied by difference A and the scene set satisfied by difference B, so that the proportion of scenes that meet all differences at the same time is far lower than the set value. To this end, the present invention uses a unified difference threshold constraint and cooperates with the binary search method to gradually approach the minimum threshold that allows more than 95% of the simulation scenarios to meet all the difference conditions at the same time, thereby ensuring the overall consistency and reliability of the dual-system switching.

[0129] The bisection method ensures that the same set of scenarios satisfies all the requirements of all the differences by evaluating the joint satisfaction of all the differences. The principle of this method is to gradually reduce the threshold range in the search space, and each iteration evaluates the satisfaction of all the differences for all the scenarios under the current threshold.

[0130] The steps for determining the adaptive switching threshold between the active and standby systems using the dichotomy method are as follows:

[0131] S31, first test whether the default 5% difference threshold meets 95% of the simulation scenarios. If the 5% threshold is not met, the search range is set between 5% and 20%; if the 5% threshold has exceeded the target, the search range will be set between 1% and 5%, that is, the initial search upper and lower limits:

[0132] θ low ←θ min ,θ high ←θ max (12)

[0133] Where θ low is the lower limit of the binary search, θ high is the upper limit of the binary search, θ min is the initial search lower limit, θ max is the initial search upper limit, A←B means assigning the value of B to A;

[0134] S32, then narrow the range by threshold iteration, in the current search interval [θ low ,θ high ], by taking the middle value θ mid , as the current switching margin threshold, to determine whether it meets the target probability p of the switchable scenario sat :

[0135]

[0136] If p sat If it is greater than 0.95, it means that the current threshold meets the requirements, and try a smaller value θ high ←θ mid Otherwise, it means that the current threshold is not satisfied and the threshold θ needs to be increased. low ←θ mid ;

[0137] When the scenario satisfaction probability is close enough to 95% (the relative deviation between the scenario satisfaction probability and 95% is less than 1%), the search stops and the final difference threshold (i.e., the adaptive switching threshold) is obtained, which is:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, θ * is the adaptive switching threshold, θ is the unified difference threshold; δ x (s) is the relative difference of indicator x in the sth scenario; I(·) is the indicator function, which is 1 if the condition is met and 0 otherwise.

[0140] Based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a readable program. When the program is executed by a processor, it can execute the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method driven by difference threshold.

[0141] Based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus;

[0142] The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving.

[0143] Based on similar inventive concepts, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions, which instruct a computing device to perform operations corresponding to the above-mentioned power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method driven by difference thresholds.

[0144] Example 2

[0145] In this embodiment, the test platform is built based on the MATLAB R2022b simulation environment, and the power system topology used is a typical 5-node model (such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure 3, it includes 1 balancing node, 2 PQ nodes and 2 PV nodes. The system is equipped with 3 generators and 6 transmission lines.

[0146] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, in order to evaluate the switching performance of the dual system under disturbance conditions, 100 typical operation scenarios with random disturbances were constructed. Specifically, in each simulation scenario, random disturbances within the range of ±10% were imposed on the load level, transmission line parameters and generator output capacity to simulate the various uncertainties that may occur in actual operation. In each scenario, the main system and the backup system were cleared and calculated respectively, and key indicators such as unit output, node electricity price, line flow and node voltage were extracted, and their relative differences were further calculated. By introducing a difference threshold search strategy based on dichotomy, the search interval was gradually narrowed, and after multiple rounds of iterations, the minimum critical difference threshold θ when the four difference indicators met the requirements in more than 95% of the scenarios was determined. * (i.e., adaptive switching threshold).

[0147] This simulation test shows that in a small-scale power system, when the differences in unit output, node electricity price, line flow, and node voltage between the primary and backup systems do not exceed 2.562%, the primary and backup systems are considered to have high consistency and meet switchability requirements.

[0148] Example 3

[0149] Based on the power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving proposed in Example 1, this embodiment proposes a power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching device based on difference threshold driving, specifically comprising:

[0150] Optimal power flow model construction module: construct the optimal power flow model through the optimal power flow algorithm;

[0151] Dual-system comparison framework building module: Based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method respectively, thereby building a dual-system comparison framework;

[0152] And, the switching threshold determination module: based on the dual-system comparison framework, determines the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems through a dichotomy method.

[0153] The method of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium (such as a CDROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk or magneto-optical disk), or as computer code that is originally stored in a remote recording medium or a non-temporary machine-readable medium downloaded over a network and will be stored in a local recording medium, so that the method described herein can be stored in such software processing on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose processor or programmable or special-purpose hardware (such as an ASIC or FPGA). It will be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller or programmable hardware includes a storage component (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc.) that can store or receive software or computer code, and when the software or computer code is accessed and executed by a computer, a processor or hardware, the method described herein is implemented. In addition, when a general-purpose computer accesses the code for implementing the method shown here, the execution of the code converts the general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computer for executing the method shown here.

[0154] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A collaborative switching method for clearing dual systems in the power market based on difference threshold driving, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Build the optimal power flow model through the optimal power flow algorithm; Based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method, respectively, thus establishing a dual-system comparison framework. Based on the dual-system comparison framework, the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems is determined by a dichotomy method.

2. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The objective function of the optimal power flow model is: Where G is the generator set, a i 、b i 、c i are cost coefficients; P gi is the output of the i-th generator.

3. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The constraints of the optimal power flow model are: P g,t -P g,t-1 ≤RU g , P g,t-1 -P g,t ≤RD g Where N is the node set, θ ij =θ i -θ j is the node voltage phase angle difference, P di is the active load demand of node i, V i is the voltage amplitude of node i, G ij is the real part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., the conductance, B ij is the imaginary part of the node admittance matrix, i.e., susceptance, θ i is the voltage phase angle at node i, θ j is the voltage phase angle at node j; and are the lower limit and upper limit of active output of generator i respectively; F l max is the upper capacity limit of line l, N g is the number of generator sets, PTDF l,i is the power transmission distribution factor of line l to node i, P i is the active power output of unit i, N l is the total number of all transmission lines; V i min and V i max are the lower and upper limits of the voltage amplitude at node i, respectively; P g,t and P g,t-1 They represent the output of unit g at time t and t-1, RU g and RD g are the upward climbing rate and downward climbing rate of unit g respectively.

4. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the dual-system comparison framework, the following steps are performed in each cycle: Step 1: At time t, the primary system completes the current market clearing calculation and outputs the unit output plan, node voltage setpoint, line flow distribution, and node electricity price parameters, which serve as the initial input conditions for the standby system's clearing calculation at the current time; Step 2: At time t+1, the primary and backup systems synchronously start the market clearing calculation task; After completing the clearing calculation, a comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted on the four key operating indicators of the main and standby systems at that moment: unit output, node electricity price, line flow, and node voltage.

5. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the dual-system comparison framework, the differences between the primary and backup systems that need to be controlled include: Unit output difference δ gen : Where ε is a constant to avoid division by zero, P i A is the unit output of the main system at node i, P i B The output of the unit at node i in the standby system; Node electricity price difference δ price : Where λ i A is the node electricity price of the main system at node i, λ i B is the node electricity price of the backup system at node i; Line power flow difference δ flow : Where, F l A is the capacity of the main system on line l, F l B The capacity of the backup system on line l; And, δ voltage Node voltage difference: Where V i A is the voltage of the main system at node i, V i B is the voltage of the backup system at node i.

6. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps for determining the adaptive switching threshold between the active and standby systems using the dichotomy method are as follows: S31, first test whether the default 5% difference threshold meets 95% of the simulation scenarios; if the 5% threshold is not met, the search range is set between 5% and 20%; if the 5% threshold has exceeded the target, the search range will be set between 1% and 5%, that is, initialize the search upper and lower limits: i low ←θ min ,i high ←θ max Where θ low is the lower limit of the binary search, θ high is the upper limit of binary search, θ min is the initial search lower limit, θ max is the initial search upper limit, A←B means assigning the value of B to A; S32, narrow the range by threshold iteration, in the current search interval [θ low ,θ high ], by taking the middle value θ mid , as the current switching margin threshold, to determine whether it meets the target probability p of the switchable scenario sat : If p sat If it is greater than 0.95, it means that the current threshold meets the requirements and a smaller value θ is used. high ←θ mid Otherwise, it means that the current threshold is not satisfied, and the threshold θ is increased. low ←θ mid ; When the relative deviation between the scenario satisfaction probability and 95% is less than 1%, the search stops and the adaptive switching threshold θ is obtained. * : Where U is the total number of scenes; θ is the unified difference threshold; is the relative difference of indicator x in the sth scenario; I(·) is the indicator function, which is 1 if the condition is met and 0 otherwise.

7. The power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching device based on difference threshold driving is characterized by: include: Optimal power flow model construction module: construct the optimal power flow model through the optimal power flow algorithm; Dual-system comparison framework building module: Based on the optimal power flow model, the main system and the backup system perform clearing calculations using the interior point method and sequential quadratic programming method respectively, thereby building a dual-system comparison framework; And, the switching threshold determination module: based on the dual-system comparison framework, determines the adaptive switching threshold between the primary and backup systems through a dichotomy method.

8. A computer storage medium storing a readable program, characterized in that: When the program is executed by the processor, it can execute the power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction enables the processor to perform operations corresponding to the power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, characterized in that The computer instructions instruct the computing device to execute operations corresponding to the power market dual-system clearing coordinated switching method based on difference threshold driving as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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