Single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charging control method and control device

Abstract

The invention provides a single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charging control method and a single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charging control device. In the first pre-charging stage, a closed loop is formed by conducting a first switch group, a switched capacitor is rapidly charged to a first voltage higher than a working voltage, surge current is suppressed by using the series connection characteristic of an inductor and the capacitor, and dependence on additional passive elements is avoided; and in the second pre-charging stage, the second switch group is switched on, the capacitor voltage is reduced to a second voltage within the safe working range through the discharging loop, and the process realizes smooth release of energy through resonance characteristics of the capacitor and the inductor. And then the circuit is switched to a working stage, and the switch group is controlled based on the complementary driving signal to ensure efficient and stable operation of the circuit. Through staged pre-charging and dynamic switching of working modes, the method simplifies control logic while suppressing surge, improves pre-charging efficiency and circuit reliability, does not need to add auxiliary elements, and has universality and expansibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electrical control, and in particular to a single-stage switched capacitor voltage reduction pre-charging control method and control device. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the single-stage switched capacitor buck topology has a wide range of applications in data centers and other fields due to its flexible control methods and easy scalability. For single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topologies, precharging the switched capacitor is necessary to ensure stable startup and transition to normal operation, and to address the surge problem of the switched capacitor. Currently, the mainstream pre-charging control strategies for single-stage switched capacitor buck circuits include passive pre-charging control strategy, active pre-charging control strategy, and pre-charging control strategy based on the topology's original current path.

[0003] Some feasible passive pre-charge control strategies pre-charge the switched capacitors primarily through passive components such as series-parallel resistors. This method effectively minimizes the charging and discharging currents of the switched capacitors. However, this also increases the converter circuit size and reduces converter efficiency. Some feasible active pre-charge control strategies require adding switches and their auxiliary networks to the power electronic converter and controlling their on and off to pre-charge the switched capacitors. However, these control methods are relatively complex, reducing converter reliability and increasing overall losses. In addition, some pre-charge control strategies based on topological current paths rely on the basic current paths of the topology to pre-charge the switched capacitors, which can avoid the use of additional components. However, this solution is only targeted at specific topologies and is not scalable. In summary, existing pre-charge circuits and control strategies based on switched capacitors suffer from high losses, complex control, and difficulty in scalability. Therefore, a single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charge control method is needed to simplify the control strategy and improve control efficiency and universality while suppressing switched capacitor surges. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical defects, especially the technical defects of the existing pre-charging circuit and control strategy based on switched capacitors, such as large loss, complex control and difficulty in scalability.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control method, the method is applied to a target circuit, the target circuit includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a buck module, the buck module is provided with a first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2Connected in series with the second switch capacitor C2, the high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the method comprising:

[0006] Control the first switch group to be turned on, establish a first pre-charging path, execute the first pre-charging stage, and charge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage; the first switch group includes: a first switch S1, a third switch S 3、 The first upper arm switch S H1、 The second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 ;

[0007] The second switch group is controlled to be turned on, a second pre-charging path is established, and a second pre-charging phase is performed to discharge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage; the second switch group includes: a second switch S2, a first upper arm switch S H1、 The second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 ;

[0008] Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally;

[0009] The target circuit is switched to a working phase, and driven to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

[0010] As an optional embodiment, the first pre-charging path includes an input power supply sequentially passing through the first switch S1, the first switch capacitor C1, the first inductor L s1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The second inductor L s2 , a charging closed loop returning to the input power supply after the second switch capacitor C2 and the third switch S3;

[0011] The controlling the first switch group to be turned on, establishing a first pre-charging path, executing a first pre-charging phase, and charging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage includes:

[0012] Close the first switch S1, the third switch S3, and the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , and disconnect the second switch S2 to form a first pre-charging path;

[0013] According to the first pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are charged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 reaches a first voltage, wherein the first voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a first ratio of the input power supply.

[0014] As an optional embodiment, the second pre-charging path sequentially passes through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch S2, the second switch capacitor C2, the second inductor L s2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the first inductor L s1 Then it returns to the discharge closed loop of the first switch capacitor C1;

[0015] The controlling the second switch group to be turned on, establishing a second pre-charging path, executing a second pre-charging phase, and discharging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage includes:

[0016] Open the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and close the second switch S2 to form a second pre-charging path;

[0017] According to the second pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are discharged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a second ratio of the input power supply.

[0018] As an optional implementation, the target circuit further includes a third inductor L1, a fourth inductor L2, a load filter capacitor C o and the load resistor R oThe working mode includes four sub-modes running in sequence, specifically including:

[0019] First sub-mode: the first switch S1, the third switch S3, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 And the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The diode in the lower arm is partially turned on, and the second switch S2 and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The three-terminal transistor in is partially turned off; power is supplied to the load resistor through the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 via the step-down module;

[0020] Second sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; the output voltage of the load is maintained by freewheeling through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2;

[0021] The third sub-mode: the second switch S2, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 and the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 The diode in the first lower bridge arm is partially turned on, and the first switch S1, the third switch S3, and the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 The three-terminal transistor part and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 Turn off; through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch capacitor C2, the first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 discharging to supply power to the fourth inductor L2 and the load resistor;

[0022] Fourth sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; discharging to the load through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2.

[0023] As an optional implementation manner, the modulation strategy of each switch tube includes:

[0024] The driving signals of the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are consistent and complementary to the driving signal of the second switch S2. The duty ratios of the driving signals of the first switch S1, the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 are set to preset values. In the first pre-charging stage or the second pre-charging stage, the first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The driving signal is kept at a high level. During the working phase, the first upper arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The upper arm switch group is formed, and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 A lower bridge arm switch group is formed, and the driving signals of the upper bridge arm switch group and the lower bridge arm switch group are complementary and conductive.

[0025] As an optional implementation, during the second pre-charging stage, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 maintain voltage balance through resonance control, and the resonance control specifically includes:

[0026] According to the first inductor L s1 The second inductor L s2 , establishing a resonant dynamic equation based on the resonant characteristics of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2, determining the voltage dynamic characteristics and the resonant angular frequency in the second pre-charging stage, and determining the voltage constraint, power constraint, and capacitance constraint of the resonant process;

[0027] According to the voltage dynamic characteristics, the resonant angular frequency, the voltage constraint, the power constraint and the capacitance constraint, the current waveform resonance control condition of the second pre-charging path is determined, and the current change in the second pre-charging stage is controlled according to the resonance control condition.

[0028] As an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0029] Determining whether an emergency shutdown condition is met based on the duration of any of the first pre-charging stage, the second pre-charging stage, and the working stage, or the voltage or current characteristics of a preset device in the target circuit, and executing a preset emergency shutdown process if the emergency shutdown condition is met;

[0030] The emergency shutdown process includes:

[0031] Forcibly disconnecting each switch in the target circuit and connecting a bleeder resistor to consume residual energy;

[0032] Recording fault characteristics of a preset device during a target period, wherein the fault characteristics during the preset period include one or more of voltage and current waveform characteristics and environmental parameters;

[0033] According to the fault characteristics, a fault report is generated and a graded alarm signal is triggered.

[0034] In the second aspect, the present application provides a single-stage switch capacitor buck pre-charge control device, the device is applied to a target circuit, the target circuit includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a buck module, the buck module is provided with a first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2 Connected in series with the second switch capacitor C2, the high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the device comprises:

[0035] a processing module, configured to control the first switch group to be turned on, establish a first pre-charging path, execute a first pre-charging phase, and charge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage;

[0036] The processing module is further configured to control the second switch group to be turned on, establish a second pre-charging path, execute a second pre-charging phase, and discharge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage;

[0037] Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally;

[0038] The processing module is further configured to switch the target circuit to a working phase, and drive the target circuit to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

[0039] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device comprising one or more processors and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are performed.

[0040] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0041] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0042] The single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method and device proposed in this application comprehensively solve the problems of difficult surge suppression, complex control and low efficiency in the existing technology through staged pre-charging and dynamic working mode switching. In the pre-charging stage, the charging and discharging path design is optimized and the original topological components are used to achieve rapid rise and fall of the capacitor voltage without the need for additional passive or active devices, reducing the circuit volume and cost; the multi-sub-mode complementary operation in the working stage reduces switching losses and ensures the continuity of load power supply. The combination of complementary drive strategy and resonant control further optimizes the energy transmission efficiency and improves system stability. In addition, the emergency cut-off mechanism effectively responds to sudden failures and extends the life of the device through real-time monitoring and intelligent protection. This method has significant advantages in suppressing surges, simplifying control logic and improving energy efficiency. It is suitable for high-reliability application scenarios such as data centers and has good universality and scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the related technical structure of a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a target circuit structure corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a pre-charge modulation signal corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charge control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a working mode modulation signal corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a circuit for the first pre-charging stage corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a circuit for the second pre-charging stage corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a first submodal circuit corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a second sub-modal circuit corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a third sub-modal circuit corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a fourth sub-modal circuit corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 12 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] With the continuous increase in power consumption in data centers, there is an urgent need to adopt power transmission architectures and topologies with high efficiency, high power density, and high voltage gain to support the needs of high-performance computing systems. Switched capacitor-based buck topologies are a viable trend for achieving high voltage gain and high power density in data centers. Single-stage switched capacitor buck topologies, with their flexible control methods and ease of scalability, have gained widespread engineering application in data centers. However, for single-stage switched capacitor buck topologies, precharging is necessary to ensure stable startup and transition to normal operation, as well as to address the surge issues of the switched capacitors.

[0058] The current mainstream pre-charging control strategies for single-stage switched capacitor step-down circuits include passive pre-charging control strategy, active pre-charging control strategy, and pre-charging control strategy based on the original current path of the topology. The existing passive pre-charging control strategy technical solution mainly pre-charges the switched capacitor through passive components such as series-parallel resistors. This method effectively limits the charging and discharging current of the switched capacitor. In the active pre-charging control strategy, it is necessary to pre-charge the switched capacitor by adding a switching tube and its auxiliary circuit in the power electronic converter and controlling its on and off. The pre-charging control strategy based on the original current path of the topology relies on the basic current path of the topology to pre-charge the switched capacitor, which can avoid the use of additional components and effectively pre-charge the switched capacitor.

[0059] The existing passive pre-charging control strategy technical solution mainly pre-charges the switched capacitor through passive components such as series-parallel resistors. This method effectively minimizes the charging and discharging current of the switched capacitor. However, this also increases the size of the converter circuit and reduces the efficiency of the converter. In the active pre-charging control strategy, it is necessary to pre-charge the switched capacitor by adding a switching tube and its auxiliary network in the power electronic converter and controlling its on and off. However, its control method is relatively complex, which reduces the reliability of the converter and increases the loss of the entire machine. The pre-charging control strategy based on the topological current path relies on the basic current path of the topology to pre-charge the switched capacitor, which can avoid the use of additional components. However, this solution is only for a specific topology and is not scalable. Therefore, the existing pre-charging circuit and control strategy based on the switched capacitor have problems such as high loss, complex control and difficulty in scalability.

[0060] In response to the above problems, the present application is based on the traditional single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topology, and proposes a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging circuit based on a reconstructed current path and its control method. The corresponding single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging circuit is composed of a buck circuit module connected in parallel with a series switched capacitor circuit module. The switched capacitor circuit module includes a small series inductor and a switched capacitor, and is connected in series with two parallel buck circuits. In addition to the circuit topology, the present invention also proposes a corresponding control strategy to achieve efficient and fast pre-charging control of the switched capacitor. On the one hand, the switched capacitor is pre-charged using the inductor and the reconstructed current path, and the inductor is used as an energy buffer and to limit the current, thereby reducing the loss of the converter, solving the surge problem of the switched capacitor, and enhancing the reliability of the circuit. On the other hand, the pre-charging of the switched capacitor is achieved by intelligently switching the bridge arm, thereby achieving efficient and fast pre-charging control of the switched capacitor, and reducing the complexity of the converter pre-charging control scheme.

[0061] In order to enable the switched capacitor circuit to start stably and transition to a normal working state, the switched capacitor must be precharged. This application proposes a single-stage switched capacitor step-down precharging circuit based on a reconstructed current path. Without adding an additional switch tube, the current path is reconstructed to precharge the switched capacitor efficiently and quickly. In addition, based on the single-stage switched capacitor step-down precharging circuit with a reconstructed current path, a corresponding control strategy is proposed, and the precharge control strategy is applied to the single-stage switched capacitor step-down precharging circuit, which completes the precharging of the switched capacitor in a short time and seamlessly switches to the working mode. After experimental verification, the proposed single-stage switched capacitor step-down precharging circuit based on a reconstructed current path and its control method can be applied to a single-stage switched capacitor converter device. In addition, no additional power devices are required, and the inductor is used as an energy buffer, which reduces the loss of the converter, solves the surge problem of the switched capacitor, and enhances the reliability of the circuit. The control strategy realizes the precharging of the switched capacitor by intelligently switching the bridge arm, realizes efficient and fast precharging control of the switched capacitor, and reduces the complexity of the converter precharging control scheme.

[0062] Based on the specific implementation method, the technical concept of the present application is that the single-stage switching capacitor buck pre-charging control method and device proposed in the present application, through staged pre-charging and dynamic working mode switching, comprehensively solves the problems of difficult surge suppression, complex control and low efficiency in the existing technology. In the pre-charging stage, by optimizing the design of the charging and discharging path, the original topological components are used to achieve rapid rise and fall of the capacitor voltage, without the need for additional passive or active devices, reducing the circuit volume and cost; the multi-sub-mode complementary operation in the working stage reduces switching losses and ensures the continuity of load power supply. The combination of complementary drive strategy and resonant control further optimizes the energy transmission efficiency and improves system stability. In addition, the emergency cut-off mechanism effectively responds to sudden failures and extends the life of the device through real-time monitoring and intelligent protection. This method has significant advantages in suppressing surges, simplifying control logic and improving energy efficiency. It is suitable for high-reliability application scenarios such as data centers and has good universality and scalability.

[0063] The method provided in this application is described in detail below based on corresponding implementation methods in some actual application scenarios.

[0064] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flow chart of a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0065] S101, controlling the first switch group to be turned on, establishing a first pre-charging path, executing a first pre-charging phase, and charging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage;

[0066] S102, controlling the second switch group to be turned on, establishing a second pre-charging path, executing a second pre-charging phase, and discharging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage;

[0067] Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally;

[0068] S103 , switching the target circuit to a working phase, and driving the target circuit to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

[0069] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the related technical structure of a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided in one embodiment of the present application, and Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the target circuit structure corresponding to the single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charging control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 For the target circuit corresponding to this application, compared Figure 2 Improvements were achieved. Obviously, by Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen from the comparison that the first inductor L is introduced into the target circuit s1 and the second inductor L s2 , in order to achieve the reconstruction of the current path.

[0070] The method provided in this application is applied to a target circuit, wherein the target circuit includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a step-down module, wherein the step-down module is provided with a first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2 The high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 Each switch includes a three-terminal transistor and a diode. In the subsequent introduction of the modulation strategy and other implementation methods, the diode may be controlled separately. Therefore, the diode corresponding to each switch is represented by D plus the relevant mark. For example, the diode corresponding to the first switch S1 is D c1 In addition, the target circuit also includes a third inductor L1, a fourth inductor L2, a load filter capacitor C o and the load resistor R o, which may be involved in the relevant implementation of the working mode. It should be noted that the device symbols involved in this application can refer to the introduction in this paragraph. For example, in the subsequent specific implementation, the first switch and S1 should be understood equivalently.

[0071] In the aforementioned method, the first switch group includes: a first switch S1, a third switch S3, a first upper bridge arm switch SH1, a second upper bridge arm switch SH2, a first lower bridge arm switch SL1, and a second lower bridge arm switch SL2; the second switch group includes: a second switch S2, a first upper bridge arm switch SH1, a second upper bridge arm switch SH2, a first lower bridge arm switch SL1, and a second lower bridge arm switch SL2;

[0072] In addition, according to the division of circuit functions, the target circuit of this application can also be divided into two parts: a switching capacitor unit and a buck unit. Figure 3 The first inductor L s1 , the second inductor L s2 The part on its left can be regarded as a switched capacitor unit, while the part on its right can be regarded as a buck unit. Both division methods do not affect the understanding of the circuit function.

[0073] As shown in the figure, Vs is the input voltage of the high-voltage side of the converter DC side, S1-S3 are switches on the high-voltage side, each switch is connected in series, the source of switch tube S1 is connected to the drain of S2, and the source of S2 is connected to the drain of S3 to form a set of bridge arms. The source of S1 and the source of S2 are connected to the capacitor C1 and the inductor L respectively. s1 and C2, L s2 Connected in series, it forms a switched capacitor module with the bridge arms S1-S3. o is the low voltage side capacitor C o Voltage, the low voltage side includes two sets of staggered bridge arms, namely the upper bridge arm SH1, the lower bridge arm SL1 and the upper bridge arm S H2 , lower bridge arm S L2 , upper bridge arm S H1 , lower bridge arm S L1 A group of bridge arms are formed in series, with the upper bridge arm S H2 , lower bridge arm S L2 , in series to form a group of bridge arms. In the low voltage bridge arm, the upper bridge arm S H1 Source and lower bridge arm S L1 Connection, inductance L s1 and inductor L s2 Respectively with the upper bridge arm S of each low voltage bridge arm H1 、S H2 Connect the inductor L1 to S H1 The source, S L1 The drain connection of the inductor L2 and S H2 The source, S L2 Drain connection.

[0074] For the traditional single-stage SC-buck converter topology, in order to enable it to start stably and transition to normal working state and solve the surge problem of the switched capacitor, the switched capacitor must be pre-charged. Therefore, the target circuit topology provided by this application uses the auxiliary component inductor to suppress the charging current, which can not only pre-charge the switched capacitor based on the reconstructed path, but also does not affect the size of the overall system. The proposed single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topology based on the reconstructed current path uses a small inductor L s1 The SC is charged to the pre-charge voltage by reconstructing the current path, and the pre-charge efficiency is improved. For details, please refer to the detailed description in the relevant embodiment.

[0075] The single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charging control method provided by the present application solves the switching capacitor surge problem and the control complexity defects in the prior art by controlling the pre-charging path in stages. In the first pre-charging stage, a closed loop is formed by turning on the first switch group, and the switched capacitor is quickly charged to a first voltage higher than the operating voltage. The series characteristics of the inductor and the capacitor are used to suppress the surge current, avoiding dependence on additional passive components; in the second pre-charging stage, the second switch group is switched on, and the capacitor voltage is reduced to a second voltage within the safe operating range through the discharge circuit. This process realizes a smooth release of energy through the resonant characteristics of the capacitor and the inductor, further reducing the current impact. The circuit is then switched to the working stage, and the switch group is controlled based on the complementary drive signal to ensure efficient and stable operation of the circuit. By dynamically switching between the staged pre-charging and working modes, this method simplifies the control logic while suppressing the surge, improves the pre-charging efficiency and circuit reliability, and does not require the addition of auxiliary components, with universality and scalability.

[0076] As an optional implementation manner, the modulation strategy of each switch tube includes:

[0077] The driving signals of the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are consistent and complementary to the driving signal of the second switch S2. The duty ratios of the driving signals of the first switch S1, the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 are set to preset values. In the first pre-charging stage or the second pre-charging stage, the first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The driving signal is kept at a high level. During the working phase, the first upper arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The upper arm switch group is formed, and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch SL2 A lower bridge arm switch group is formed, and the driving signals of the upper bridge arm switch group and the lower bridge arm switch group are complementary and conductive.

[0078] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The schematic diagrams of the modulation signals corresponding to the single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control method provided by an embodiment of the present application respectively describe the pre-charge modulation strategy of the single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topology with reconstructed current path and the modulation strategy in the working mode after pre-charge completion. In the proposed pre-charge modulation strategy and pre-charge completion modulation strategy, S1-S3 are the drive signals of the switch tube of the switched capacitor module, the switch S2 drive signal is complementary to the switch S1-S3 drive signal, and the duty cycle of the switch remains fixed at 50%; SH1, SH2, SL1 and SL2 are the drive signals of the buck module switch tube. In the pre-charge modulation strategy, S1-S3 and S2 are staggered, and the SC voltage quickly reaches the input voltage Vs / 4. Although the gate pulse continues to exist, the switch capacitor voltage remains constant. After pre-charge is completed, the circuit enters the working mode modulation strategy, the S1-S3 drive signals remain unchanged, SH1, SH2, SL1 and SL2 begin to complement each other, and the single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topology switches to the normal operating mode.

[0079] In this application, the complementary drive strategy for the switching tubes ensures seamless switching of the energy transfer path by coordinating the conduction timing of the upper and lower bridge arm switch groups. During the pre-charging phase, the bridge arm switches remain in a normally on state, simplifying the control logic. During the working phase, the upper and lower bridge arms are complementary turned on, and the preset duty cycle is combined to optimize the switching frequency and energy distribution efficiency. This modulation strategy reduces control complexity through a unified drive signal design, while avoiding the risk of short circuits caused by simultaneous conduction of the switching tubes, thereby improving the dynamic response speed and operational stability of the circuit.

[0080] As an optional embodiment, the first pre-charging path includes an input power supply sequentially passing through the first switch S1, the first switch capacitor C1, the first inductor L s1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The second inductor L s2 , a charging closed loop of the second switch capacitor C2 and the third switch S3;

[0081] The controlling the first switch group to be turned on, establishing a first pre-charging path, executing a first pre-charging phase, and charging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage includes:

[0082] Close the first switch S1, the third switch S3, and the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , and disconnect the second switch S2 to form a first pre-charging path;

[0083] According to the first pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are charged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 reaches a first voltage, wherein the first voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a first ratio of the input power supply.

[0084] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit corresponding to a single-stage switch capacitor buck pre-charge control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. In a specific application scenario, the switch tubes S1, S3, and S H1 、S H2 、S L1 and S L2 The high-voltage side power supply V s The output current follows the device path S1→C1→L s1 →S H1 →S L1 →S L2 →S H2 →L s2 →C2→S3 pre-charges the switch capacitors C1 and C2, using the auxiliary inductor L s1 and L s2 Energy storage and charging current suppression, and charge C1 and C2 to the pre-charge voltage V s / 2. If the switch capacitor is charged to V s / 2, it enters the second stage of pre-charging; if the switch capacitor is not charged to V s / 4, the above state is maintained.

[0085] In this embodiment, the specific configuration of the first pre-charging path forms a closed-loop charging circuit by connecting the input power supply, switching capacitor, inductor and bridge arm switch in series. When the first switch group is closed, the corresponding bridge arm switch remains in the on state, forming a low-impedance path, making full use of the original components of the topology to complete charging, avoiding the introduction of additional resistors or power devices, thereby reducing the circuit volume and energy loss. During the pre-charging process, the control capacitor stops charging when it is charged to the preset first voltage, which not only ensures the pre-charging speed but also avoids the risk of overvoltage. This path design maximizes the synergistic effect of inductance and capacitance, optimizes energy transfer efficiency while suppressing surges, and lays a stable voltage foundation for subsequent stages.

[0086] As an optional embodiment, the second pre-charging path includes an input power supply sequentially passing through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch S2, the second switch capacitor C2, the second inductor L s2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and a discharge closed loop of the first switching capacitor C1;

[0087] The controlling the second switch group to be turned on, establishing a second pre-charging path, executing a second pre-charging phase, and discharging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage includes:

[0088] Open the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and close the second switch S2 to form a second pre-charging path;

[0089] According to the second pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are discharged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a second ratio of the input power supply.

[0090] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit corresponding to a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control method provided by an embodiment of the present application. In a specific application scenario, the switch tubes S1 and S3 are turned off, and the switch tubes S2 and S3 are controlled. H1 、S H2 、S L1 and S L2 The output current of the switch capacitors C1 and C2 follows the device path C1→S2→C2→L s2 →S H2 →S L2 →S L1 →S H1 →L s1 Discharge the switch capacitors C1 and C2, and use the auxiliary inductor L s1 and L s2 Energy storage and suppression of discharge current, and discharge C1 and C2 to the pre-charge voltage V s / 4, if the switch capacitor is charged to V s / 4, it enters the third stage of pre-charging and the intelligent switching switch enters the working mode, which means that the pre-charging stage is basically over; if the switching capacitor is not charged to V s / 4, the above state is maintained.

[0091] In this embodiment, the second pre-charge path forms a discharge loop by switching the switch group. After disconnecting the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 and turning on the second switch S2, the capacitor energy is smoothly released to the target voltage through the inductor resonance characteristics. During this process, the energy storage function of the inductor and the voltage regulation function of the capacitor cooperate with each other to effectively suppress the current mutation during the discharge process. The range of the second voltage is limited by the second ratio of the preset input power supply, ensuring that the circuit switches to the working stage at a safe operating voltage. This path design fully utilizes the original components of the topology, eliminating the need for an additional control module, simplifying the circuit structure and improving the controllability of the discharge process.

[0092] As an optional implementation, the target circuit further includes a third inductor L1, a fourth inductor L2, a load filter capacitor, and a load resistor. The operating mode includes four sub-modes that operate sequentially, specifically including:

[0093] First sub-mode: the first switch, the third switch S3, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 And the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The diode in the lower arm is partially turned on, and the second switch S2 and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The three-terminal transistor in is partially turned off; power is supplied to the load resistor through the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 via the step-down module;

[0094] Second sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; the output voltage of the load is maintained by freewheeling through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2;

[0095] The third sub-mode: the second switch S2, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 and the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 The diode in the first lower arm is partially turned on, and the first switch, the third switch S3, and the first lower arm switch S L1 The three-terminal transistor part and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 Turn off; through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch capacitor C2, the first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2discharging to supply power to the fourth inductor L2 and the load resistor;

[0096] Fourth sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; discharging to the load through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2.

[0097] Figure 8-11 The schematic diagram of the circuit corresponding to the single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control method provided in one embodiment of the present application is used to illustrate the effective loop conditions under four working modes. When it is detected that the pre-charge of C1 and C2 is close to V s When the voltage is 0.04V / 4V, the pre-charge phase ends and the converter device enters the switched capacitor buck converter operating mode. Based on the operating principle of the switched capacitor and buck modules and the combination of drive signals, the single-stage switched capacitor buck converter topology based on the reconstructed current path can be divided into four operating modes.

[0098] Mode I: S1, S3, S H1 、S H2 、D L2 On, S2, S L1 、S L2 Turn off, capacitors C1, C2, L s1 、L s2 , L1 and C o 、R o Series, L2 and C o 、R o In parallel, the voltage of L2 is V o Clamp, L S1 、L S2 , C1, C2 are charged by Vs.

[0099] Mode II: S H1 and S H2 Shutdown, S L1 and S L2 The voltage across L1 and L2 is V o Clamp.

[0100] Mode III: S2, S H1 、S H2 and D L1 On, S1, S3, S L1 and S L2Turn off. Capacitors C1, C2, L S1 and L S2 Discharge, L2, C o and R o Provides energy. The voltage of L1 is V o Clamp.

[0101] Mode IV: Similar to Mode II, S H1 and S H2 is in the off state, while S L1 and S L2 is in the on state. Therefore, the buck module is not connected to the switched capacitor module. In addition, S1 and S3 are in the off state, while S2 is in the on state. The voltage of L1 and L2 is V o Clamp.

[0102] This implementation is designed for the normal working phase of the circuit, with four sub-modes running sequentially. By dynamically adjusting the switch conduction state, the continuity and stability of the load power supply are ensured. In the first sub-mode, the capacitor supplies power to the load through the step-down module, and the diode conduction characteristics are used to reduce switching losses. The second sub-mode maintains the output voltage through inductive continuous current to avoid voltage drops. The third sub-mode combines capacitor discharge with inductive energy storage to further expand the load power supply range. The fourth sub-mode replenishes the load energy through the residual energy discharge of the inductor and ends the entire working cycle. The complementary switching of each sub-mode reduces the frequent operation of the switching device, reduces switching losses and electromagnetic interference, and at the same time improves the efficiency and reliability of the overall circuit through multi-path energy transfer.

[0103] As an optional implementation, during the second pre-charging stage, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 maintain voltage balance through resonance control, and the resonance control specifically includes:

[0104] According to the first inductor L s1 The second inductor L s2 , establishing a resonant dynamic equation based on the resonant characteristics of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2, determining the voltage dynamic characteristics and the resonant angular frequency in the second pre-charging stage, and determining the voltage constraint, power constraint, and capacitance constraint of the resonant process;

[0105] According to the voltage dynamic characteristics, the resonant angular frequency, the voltage constraint, the power constraint and the capacitance constraint, the current waveform resonance control condition of the second pre-charging path is determined, and the current change in the second pre-charging stage is controlled according to the resonance control condition.

[0106] For details, please refer to the explanation of the following expression, where V represents the voltage of the corresponding subscript device.

[0107] (1)

[0108] Wherein, t is time, and i(t) is the first switch capacitor current.

[0109] From formula (1), we can get the capacitor voltage v C1 (t) and the resonant angular frequency w are:

[0110] (2)

[0111] Among them, V s is the input power supply voltage, V C1 (0) is the initial voltage of the first switch capacitor C1, V C2 (0) Initial voltage of the second switched capacitor C2.

[0112] (3)

[0113] From equations (1) and (3), we can get the capacitor voltage:

[0114] (4)

[0115] (5)

[0116] To ensure that the maximum voltage of the resonant capacitor is within its safe operating range, assume that the voltage difference ΔV between C1 and C2 = 2V o and C1=C2, by converting the previously calculated switching frequency f s Substitute into (5) to calculate the minimum resonant capacitance C min ,get:

[0117] (6)

[0118] This allows for pre-selection of devices and design of dynamic control strategies.

[0119] In this implementation, resonant control establishes a dynamic equation based on the resonant characteristics of the inductor and capacitor. By analyzing the constraint relationship between voltage and resonant angular frequency, the current waveform in the second pre-charge phase is precisely controlled. Combining power and capacitance constraints, the energy transfer path during the resonant process is optimized to ensure the balance of capacitor voltage during the discharge phase. This control method suppresses voltage fluctuations and resonant overshoot by dynamically matching the resonant parameters, improving the stability and controllability of the pre-charge process while reducing energy loss.

[0120] As an optional implementation, the method further includes:

[0121] Determining whether an emergency shutdown condition is met based on the duration of any of the first pre-charging stage, the second pre-charging stage, and the working stage, or the voltage or current characteristics of a preset device in the target circuit, and executing a preset emergency shutdown process if the emergency shutdown condition is met;

[0122] The emergency shutdown process includes:

[0123] Forcibly disconnecting each switch in the target circuit and connecting a bleeder resistor to consume residual energy;

[0124] Recording fault characteristics of a preset device during a target period, wherein the fault characteristics during the preset period include one or more of voltage and current waveform characteristics and environmental parameters;

[0125] According to the fault characteristics, a fault report is generated and a graded alarm signal is triggered.

[0126] This implementation provides an emergency disconnection process. By monitoring the circuit status in real time, it forcibly disconnects the switch and connects a bleeder resistor in abnormal situations to quickly dissipate residual energy and prevent damage to the device due to overvoltage or overheating. Combined with the recording and analysis of fault characteristics, it generates graded alarm signals and outputs fault reports, providing data support for subsequent maintenance. By combining active protection with intelligent diagnosis, this mechanism significantly improves circuit safety and reliability while reducing fault response time.

[0127] The present application also provides a single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control device to implement the method provided in any embodiment, wherein the device is applied to a target circuit, wherein the target circuit includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a buck module, wherein the buck module is provided with a first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2 Connected in series with the second switch capacitor C2, the high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the device comprises:

[0128] a processing module, configured to control the first switch group to be turned on, establish a first pre-charging path, execute a first pre-charging phase, and charge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage;

[0129] The processing module is further configured to control the second switch group to be turned on, establish a second pre-charging path, execute a second pre-charging phase, and discharge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage;

[0130] Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally;

[0131] The processing module is further configured to switch the target circuit to a working phase, and drive the target circuit to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

[0132] The single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charging control method provided by the present application solves the switching capacitor surge problem and the control complexity defects in the prior art by controlling the pre-charging path in stages. In the first pre-charging stage, a closed loop is formed by turning on the first switch group, and the switched capacitor is quickly charged to a first voltage higher than the operating voltage. The series characteristics of the inductor and the capacitor are used to suppress the surge current, avoiding dependence on additional passive components; in the second pre-charging stage, the second switch group is switched on, and the capacitor voltage is reduced to a second voltage within the safe operating range through the discharge circuit. This process realizes a smooth release of energy through the resonant characteristics of the capacitor and the inductor, further reducing the current impact. The circuit is then switched to the working stage, and the switch group is controlled based on the complementary drive signal to ensure efficient and stable operation of the circuit. By dynamically switching between the staged pre-charging and working modes, this method simplifies the control logic while suppressing the surge, improves the pre-charging efficiency and circuit reliability, and does not require the addition of auxiliary components, with universality and scalability.

[0133] It should be noted that it should be understood that the division of the various modules of the above device is merely a division of logical functions. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into one physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Moreover, these modules can all be implemented in the form of software called by a processing element; or they can all be implemented in the form of hardware; or some modules can be implemented in the form of software called by a processing element, and some modules can be implemented in the form of hardware. For example, the processing module can be a separately established processing element, or it can be integrated into a chip of the above device. In addition, it can also be stored in the memory of the above device in the form of program code, and called by a processing element of the above device to perform the functions of the above-mentioned module. The implementation of other modules is similar. In addition, these modules can all or partly be integrated together, or they can be implemented independently. The processing element here can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each of the above modules can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor element or by instructions in the form of software.

[0134] Schematically, as Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The computer device 300 can be provided as a server. Figure 12 Computer device 300 includes a processing component 302, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by memory 301 for storing instructions executable by processing component 302, such as an application. The application stored in memory 301 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, processing component 302 is configured to execute the instructions to perform the method of any of the above embodiments.

[0135] The computer device 300 may further include a power supply component 303 configured to perform power management of the computer device 300, a wired or wireless network interface 304 configured to connect the computer device 300 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 305. The computer device 300 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 301, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, Free BSD™, or the like.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 12 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0137] An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute a method as provided in any embodiment.

[0138] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0139] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can be referenced to each other.

[0140] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A single-stage switched capacitor buck pre-charge control method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a target circuit, which includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a step-down module, wherein a first inductor L is provided in the step-down module. s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2 Connected in series with the second switch capacitor C2, the high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the method comprising: Control the first switch group to be turned on, establish a first pre-charging path, execute the first pre-charging stage, and charge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage; the first switch group includes: a first switch S1, a third switch S3, a first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 ; The second switch group is controlled to be turned on, a second pre-charging path is established, and a second pre-charging phase is performed to discharge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage; the second switch group includes: a second switch S2, a first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 ; Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally; The target circuit is switched to a working phase, and driven to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first pre-charging path includes the input power supply sequentially passing through the first switch S1, the first switch capacitor C1, the first inductor L s1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The second inductor L s2 , a charging closed loop returning to the input power supply after the second switch capacitor C2 and the third switch S3; The controlling the first switch group to be turned on, establishing a first pre-charging path, executing a first pre-charging phase, and charging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage includes: Close the first switch S1, the third switch S3, and the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , and disconnect the second switch S2 to form a first pre-charging path; According to the first pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are charged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 reaches a first voltage, wherein the first voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a first ratio of the input power supply.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The second pre-charging path passes through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch S2, the second switch capacitor C2, the second inductor L s2 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 , the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the first inductor L s1 Then it returns to the discharge closed loop of the first switch capacitor C1; The controlling the second switch group to be turned on, establishing a second pre-charging path, executing a second pre-charging phase, and discharging the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage includes: Open the first switch S1 and the third switch S3, and close the second switch S2 to form a second pre-charging path; According to the second pre-charging path, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 are discharged until the voltage of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 drops from the first voltage to a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is used to indicate a voltage based on a second ratio of the input power supply.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The target circuit further includes a third inductor L1, a fourth inductor L2, a load filter capacitor C o and the load resistor R o The working mode includes four sub-modes running in sequence, specifically including: First sub-mode: the first switch S1, the third switch S3, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 And the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The diode in the lower arm is partially turned on, and the second switch S2 and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The three-terminal transistor in is partially turned off; power is supplied to the load resistor through the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 via the step-down module; Second sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; the output voltage of the load is maintained by freewheeling through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2; The third sub-mode: the second switch S2, the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 and the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 The diode in the first lower bridge arm is partially turned on, and the first switch S1, the third switch S3, and the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 The three-terminal transistor part and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 Turn off; through the first switch capacitor C1, the second switch capacitor C2, the first inductor L s1 and the second inductor L s2 discharging to supply power to the fourth inductor L2 and the load resistor; Fourth sub-mode: the first upper bridge arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 All are turned off, the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 All are turned on; discharging to the load through the third inductor L1 and the fourth inductor L2.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The modulation strategy of each switch tube includes: The driving signals of the first switch S1 and the third switch S3 are consistent and complementary to the driving signal of the second switch S2. The duty ratios of the driving signals of the first switch S1, the second switch S2 and the third switch S3 are set to preset values. In the first pre-charging stage or the second pre-charging stage, the first upper arm switch S H1 , the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 The driving signal is kept at a high level. During the working phase, the first upper arm switch S H1 and the second upper bridge arm switch S H2 The upper arm switch group is formed, and the first lower arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 A lower bridge arm switch group is formed, and the driving signals of the upper bridge arm switch group and the lower bridge arm switch group are complementary and conductive.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that During the second pre-charging stage, the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 maintain voltage balance through resonance control, and the resonance control specifically includes: According to the first inductor L s1 The second inductor L s2 , establishing a resonant dynamic equation based on the resonant characteristics of the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2, determining the voltage dynamic characteristics and the resonant angular frequency in the second pre-charging stage, and determining the voltage constraint, power constraint, and capacitance constraint of the resonant process; According to the voltage dynamic characteristics, the resonant angular frequency, the voltage constraint, the power constraint and the capacitance constraint, the current waveform resonance control condition of the second pre-charging path is determined, and the current change in the second pre-charging stage is controlled according to the resonance control condition.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: Determining whether an emergency shutdown condition is met based on the duration of any of the first pre-charging stage, the second pre-charging stage, and the working stage, or the voltage or current characteristics of a preset device in the target circuit, and executing a preset emergency shutdown process if the emergency shutdown condition is met; The emergency shutdown process includes: Forcibly disconnecting each switch in the target circuit and connecting a bleeder resistor to consume residual energy; Recording fault characteristics of a preset device during a target period, wherein the fault characteristics during the preset period include one or more of voltage and current waveform characteristics and environmental parameters; According to the fault characteristics, a fault report is generated and a graded alarm signal is triggered.

8. A single-stage switched capacitor step-down pre-charge control device, characterized in that: The device is applied to a target circuit, which includes a high-voltage side module, a low-voltage side module and a step-down module, wherein a first inductor L is provided in the step-down module. s1 and the second inductor L s2 , the first inductor L s1 In series with the first switch capacitor C1, the second inductor L s2 Connected in series with the second switch capacitor C2, the high-voltage side module includes a first switch S1, a second switch S2 and a third switch S3, and the step-down module includes a first upper bridge arm switch S H1 , the second upper arm switch S H2 , the first lower bridge arm switch S L1 and the second lower bridge arm switch S L2 , the device comprises: a processing module, configured to control the first switch group to be turned on, establish a first pre-charging path, execute a first pre-charging phase, and charge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a first voltage; The processing module is further configured to control the second switch group to be turned on, establish a second pre-charging path, execute a second pre-charging phase, and discharge the first switch capacitor C1 and the second switch capacitor C2 to a second voltage; Wherein, the first voltage is higher than the second voltage, and the second voltage is used to indicate the operating voltage when the target circuit is working normally; The processing module is further configured to switch the target circuit to a working phase, and drive the target circuit to execute a corresponding working mode according to a driving signal.

9. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises one or more processors and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are performed.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, enable the one or more processors to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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