Cultivation shed and cultivation method suitable for annual fruit production cultivation of dragon fruits in Guangxi province

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation shed suitable for annual fruit production cultivation of dragon fruits in Guangxi and a method for cultivating the dragon fruits by using the cultivation shed. Comprising a plurality of longitudinal supporting pieces which are transversely and longitudinally arranged in parallel at intervals to form a cultivation space, vertical rods of the longitudinal supporting pieces are vertically installed on the top faces of original longitudinal supporting columns, and longitudinal pull wires and transverse pull wires are installed at the tops of the vertical rods in a penetrating mode; a plurality of shed wires are connected to each longitudinal stay wire at intervals in parallel in a crossing mode, the two ends of each shed wire are bent downwards to be connected with the corresponding auxiliary longitudinal stay wires to form an arched shed, and the arched shed is movably covered with a shed film; side greenhouse cloth or side greenhouse cloth and felt cloth are installed on the side faces of the periphery of the cultivation space. According to the cultivation shed, heat supply can be achieved when the dragon fruits are in low-temperature weather in the growth process, the dragon fruits can be prevented from being influenced by low temperature, a large number of flower buds can be promoted in November, proper temperature can be provided for pollination, the pollination success rate is greatly increased, the dragon fruit yield is increased, and the dragon fruits in Guangxi province can appear on the market in March and April.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a pitaya planting method, and in particular relates to a cultivation shed and a cultivation method suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi. Background Art

[0002] Currently, Guangxi's pitaya cultivation area has reached approximately 350,000 mu (approximately 1,000 hectares), accounting for approximately one-third of the total cultivated area nationwide. Pitaya grown in Guangxi utilizes traditional supplemental lighting techniques, with the bud formation period lasting from early April to late October, and the fruit production period beginning in May and continuing until February of the following year. This concentrated market launch period in Guangxi has led to relatively low prices for naturally grown pitaya. Furthermore, after 2020, nearly half of Guangxi's pitaya cultivation bases employed traditional supplemental lighting techniques, resulting in the fruiting period in Guangxi coinciding with that in Guangdong and significantly lowering prices. To extend the fruiting period, some bases in Guangxi have begun experimenting with extending the supplemental lighting period and increasing the number of buds that emerge in winter. However, most bases have been unable to induce buds, while a few have managed to induce a small number of buds to emerge in early and late November.

[0003] However, flower buds that emerge in early November bloom in early December, and those that emerge in late November bloom in late December or early January of the following year. Therefore, the flowering period in Guangxi is characterized by low night temperatures and warm daytime temperatures. This low temperature not only reduces the vitality of pitaya pollen, hindering its flowering, but also reduces its vitality, leading to unsuccessful pollination and abortion. Therefore, how to encourage the emergence of a large number of pitaya buds in Guangxi in November and ensure successful pollination, so that pitaya can be marketed in Guangxi from March to April and achieve year-round pitaya production in Guangxi, is an urgent issue to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi, as well as a method for cultivating pitaya using the cultivation shed. The cultivation shed of the present invention can provide heating when pitaya encounters low temperatures during its growth, thereby protecting pitaya from the effects of low temperatures. It can promote the formation of a large number of flower buds in November, provide a suitable temperature for pollination, significantly improve the pollination success rate, increase pitaya yield, and enable Guangxi pitaya to be put on the market in March and April.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted: The top of the plurality of original longitudinal support columns aligned in a longitudinal direction is provided with longitudinal tension wires, and the top of the plurality of vertical tension wires aligned in a transverse direction is provided with transverse tension wires at intervals. Steel strands and secondary longitudinal tension wires are provided on the top of the plurality of original longitudinal support columns aligned in a longitudinal direction, and secondary longitudinal tension wires are provided on both sides of each longitudinal tension wire, and the secondary longitudinal tension wires are connected to the transverse tension wires, and adjacent secondary longitudinal tension wires are parallel and spaced apart. There are also shed wires, each longitudinal tension wire is connected to a plurality of shed wires in parallel and spaced apart, and the two ends of the plurality of shed wires are bent downward and connected to the corresponding secondary longitudinal tension wires to form an arch shed, and the arch shed is movably covered with a shed film. Side shed cloths or side shed cloths and felt cloths are installed on the four sides of the cultivation space.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention provides a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi, which also includes a heating mechanism, a temperature sensor, an insulating felt cloth and a controller; insulating felt cloth is movably suspended on both sides of each arch shed, and at least one temperature sensor is installed between adjacent insulating felt cloths and is connected to a heating mechanism; the controller has a display and is electrically connected to the heating mechanism and the temperature sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, the cultivation shed of the present invention suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi also includes a roof cloth and a first sunshade net. The roof cloth is installed on the top between adjacent secondary longitudinal tension wires, and the first sunshade net is hung below the roof cloth.

[0008] Furthermore, the cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi according to the present invention further comprises a second sunshade net, which is installed along the length direction of each arch shed in the west exposure direction.

[0009] A method for erecting a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya production in Guangxi comprises the following steps: S1 increase the height of the support column, according to the original dragon fruit garden support column to determine the height of the vertical rod, the height of the original support column is adjusted to a height of 1.1m ~ 1.3m from the dragon fruit strand; S2. Set the main axis longitudinal and main transverse guy wires, set the main axis longitudinal guy wire, use aluminum-clad steel wire as the longitudinal and transverse guy wires, the longitudinal guy wire passes through the reserved holes at the top of each ridge longitudinal vertical rod, and the ends of the longitudinal guy wire are fixed to the longitudinal ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the ridge; the transverse guy wire passes through the reserved holes 40cm~50cm from the top of the vertical rod, and the transverse guy wire passes through the transversely aligned multiple vertical rods of the same land, and the ends of the transverse guy wire are fixed to the transverse ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the transverse direction; S3 set the secondary longitudinal wire, at a distance of 20 to 30 cm on both sides of the middle line of the two ridges at each pull a secondary longitudinal wire, the secondary longitudinal wire is fixed to the main shaft transverse wire; S4. Install shed wires. On each ridge, the distance between adjacent existing support columns should be 3–4 meters. Additional shed wires should be installed every 1–1.5 meters. Each shed wire should span the top of the longitudinal guy wires and be secured at both ends to the secondary longitudinal guy wires on either side of the longitudinal guy wires. This will form an arch shed at the top of each ridge. S5. Film application: Film application starts in late November each year and is removed from the shed between late February and mid-March of the following year. S6. Connect the tent cloth, forming a 40-60cm interval between adjacent sheds, the lower portion of the interval space is hung with a first shade net, and the upper portion is installed with a large tent cloth, so that multiple sheds are connected to form a whole; S7. Cover the shed with tarpaulin and felt. Multiple existing support columns are distributed around the shed, and the shed space is sealed with a large tarpaulin and covered with felt. When the nighttime temperature drops below 15°C, lower the felt covering the shed space. S8. Install heating equipment and facilities. During the three days before and after flowering, and during flowering, when the temperature drops below 15°C, activate heating mechanisms to maintain the temperature within the greenhouse at 15°C. At night, add insulation blankets between adjacent arches. Hang the blankets parallel to the planting ridges to prevent heat loss. S9. Install a second sunshade net. From July to September in summer, add a second sunshade net on the west-facing side of each planting ridge. The second sunshade net is installed obliquely on the top of the planting ridge and extends in the length direction of the planting ridge.

[0010] The cultivation shed of the present invention is used to carry out a cultivation method for annual pitaya production in Guangxi, which comprises the following steps: (1) Constructing a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; (2) Seedling cultivation: In February or March, cut off the healthy, 2-3 year old fleshy stems with a length of 60-70 cm, trim the wound surface neatly, disinfect and dry the wound surface, and use the seedling bed for seedling cultivation. After 15-20 days, the roots will emerge and the dragon fruit seedlings will be obtained; (3) Transplanting Transplant the dragon fruit seedlings into the cultivation shed, prune the branches during the growth of the dragon fruit, control the number of flowers and fruits, and provide appropriate light supplementation; ① Branch pruning: Prune in February and March every year, cut off the old branches that are more than 3 years old, leave suitable new shoots for each plant, and at the same time cut off the new shoots that are severely damaged by frost before the year; ② Keep flowers and fruits: In order to ensure fruit production throughout the year and facilitate management, the flowers and fruits are selected in different areas. There are three methods for retaining flowers: a. Fruit production from June to early March of the following year: flower retention and fruit keeping method: starting from late March to early April each year, remove the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees from August 10th to mid-September, and select the flower buds that emerge from late September to late October. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late September and late November to early March; b. Fruit production from June to late March of the following year: retain the flowers and fruit. Start retaining the flowers from late March to early April each year, remove the newly emerged flower buds from the fruit trees from early September to late October, and retain the flower buds that emerge in early November. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late October and from late February to March of the following year; c. Fruit production from June to April of the following year: retaining flowers and fruit. Starting in late April each year, the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed from late September to early November, and the flower buds that emerge in late November are retained. The fruit production period in this area is from June to early November and from March to April of the following year. ③Carry out zone lighting with the method of retaining flowers and fruits: A method of preserving flowers is to start lighting in early September for winter fruits and end it at the end of October; and to start lighting in early March for spring fruits and end it at the end of April. Method b of flower preservation: in winter, the light starts to be turned on in mid-September and ends in mid-November; in spring, the light starts to be turned on in early March and ends in late April; The c method of keeping flowers is to turn on the lights in mid-September and end in late November; (4) Carry out fertilization management in conjunction with the method of retaining flowers and fruits: In the planting area of the a-flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. That is, from March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution for drip irrigation, 3-5 times a month; Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early September, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace element fertilizer is dripped every month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From September 15 to the end of October, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1000 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From November to February of the following year, use root drip irrigation with 6-8 kg / mu of uniform, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days; spray the leaves with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 60-70 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 60-70 ppm during the young fruit stage, spraying once every 7-10 days, for a total of 4 times; For the planting area of type b flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. From March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3-5 times a month. Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace elements are dripped each month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From late September to early November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1100 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilize in winter and spring to promote fruit expansion. From December to February of the following year, drip irrigation should be applied to the roots with 6-8 kg / mu of water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days. Foliar spraying should be done with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times per month. In addition, 20 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 40-50 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 40-50 ppm during the young fruit stage, every 7-10 days for a total of 3 sprays. For the planting area of type c flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. From the end of March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3-5 times a month. Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace elements are dripped each month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From late September to late November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1100 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From December to March of the following year, use root drip irrigation with 6-8 kg / mu of uniform, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days; spray the leaves with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 40-50 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 40-50 ppm at the young fruit stage, spraying once every 7-10 days, for a total of 3 times; (5) Disease and pest control: For dragon fruit diseases and pests, prevention is the main approach, with treatment as a supplement.

[0011] Furthermore, step (5) pest control includes disease control, insect pest control and snail control: 1. Disease prevention and control methods: In March and April, after opening the greenhouse and picking the fruits, spray the entire garden with Bordeaux mixture; At the end of March and the beginning of April, use 1000-1500 times of 20% thiazolyl emulsion or 900-1100 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation. In early September, use the above agents for root irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 1-1.5L per root each time. From mid-April to late October, rotate and spray 2000-3000 times diluted 32.5% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, 1000-2000 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, 2000-3000 times diluted 40% fenpropimorph emulsifiable concentrate, and 1000-2000 times diluted 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and control pathogens.

[0012] 2. Pest control, mainly controlling thrips and lepidopteran pests; (1) To control thrips pests, use 2000-4000 times diluted 100g / L bromofenac suspension concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted 60g / L spinetoram suspension concentrate, 3000-4000 times diluted 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 3000-4000 times diluted 22.4% spirotetramat suspension concentrate, 2000-3000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension concentrate, or 1000-2000 times diluted 27% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension concentrate for spraying; (2) To control lepidopteran pests, use 1000-2000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water dispersible granules, 4000-5000 times diluted 10% avermectin suspension, 200-300 times diluted 8000 IU / μL Bacillus thuringiensis or 2000-3000 times diluted 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension for spraying.

[0013] 3. Methods for snail prevention and control: When snails have not climbed onto the pitaya tree, use 6% metaldehyde granules at 0.5-1kg / mu to apply on the ground; when snails climb onto the pitaya tree, use 80% metaldehyde powder at 500-600 times dilution to spray the pitaya tree.

[0014] The spraying in the present invention, such as the spraying of the medicament, the regulator, the foliage fertilizer, etc., is based on the principle of wetting the leaf surface without dripping.

[0015] The high-nitrogen, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer used in this invention is a 20-10-20 fully water-soluble compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-10-20, meaning it contains 20% nitrogen (N), 10% phosphorus (P), and 20% potassium (K) (similar to the following). It dissolves quickly in water, is easily absorbed by crops, and has a relatively high absorption and utilization rate. It is particularly suitable for integrated water-fertilizer systems such as sprinkler and drip irrigation, saving water, fertilizer, and labor.

[0016] The N, P, and K content of this water-soluble fertilizer is 17-17-17. This fertilizer helps maintain a deep green leaf texture and rapid rooting, promoting healthy and robust growth of pitaya. It also promotes bud development and improves flower quality, strengthening flowers and fruit.

[0017] The first high-potassium, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer used in this invention is a 15:5:30 fully water-soluble compound fertilizer. It boasts high solubility and ease of absorption, with an NPK ratio of 15:5:30. It activates nutrients, improves fertilizer utilization, reduces fertilizer usage, and promotes yield growth. It also promotes pitaya's absorption of trace elements such as iron, zinc, and manganese, accelerating early maturity and extending the harvest period.

[0018] The second highest-potassium, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer is a 15:5:42 fully water-soluble compound fertilizer. It dissolves quickly in water, is easily absorbed by the pitaya tree, and has a high absorption and utilization rate. Its potassium content, as high as 42%, significantly activates the activity of oxidoreductases and synthases within the pitaya, accelerating sugar metabolism and the transfer of photosynthetic products to the fruit, promoting rapid fruit expansion and sugar accumulation. By regulating cellular osmotic pressure, it enhances peel toughness and reduces the risk of fruit cracking and deformities. The 15% nitrogen content ensures a balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, preventing premature aging of branches and vines. The 5% low-phosphorus ratio reduces redundant nutrient consumption, concentrating resources on fruit development. It enhances the plant's stress resistance and reduces the impact of drought, high temperature, and other stresses on fruit expansion. Combined with trace elements (such as boron and calcium), the fertilizer works synergistically to increase the fruit's vitamin content and sugar-to-alcohol ratio, improving flavor and color.

[0019] The gibberellins used in this invention are (GA4+GA7). This combination possesses unique biological activity, unlike either GA4 or GA7 alone. Their combined action enhances plant growth and reduces flower and fruit drop. It promotes cell elongation, inhibits abscission of the fruit stalk, and directs more nutrients from the tree to the flowers and fruits, thereby reducing physiological fruit drop and increasing fruit set. Gibberellins also promote fruit enlargement, resulting in more uniform and full fruit. Combining Gibberellins with Other Plant Growth Regulators: In pitaya cultivation, gibberellins can be used in combination with other plant growth regulators for even better results. Combined with cytokinins, gibberellins promote cell division in young fruit, resulting in more uniform fruit enlargement, and effectively inhibit summer shoot germination, reducing fruit drop. Gibberellins are slowly transported within the plant and can easily cause excessive new shoot growth. Therefore, when spraying, it is important to carefully target fruiting areas, spraying more where fruit is abundant, less where fruit is scarce, and omitting any fruit from the area. Furthermore, adding an appropriate amount of foliar fertilizer to gibberellins sprays offers enhanced results.

[0020] The effects of spraying NAA during the young fruit stage of pitaya: (1) Promoting fruit expansion: NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) is a plant growth regulator that can promote rapid fruit expansion. Spraying NAA during the young fruit stage of pitaya can significantly increase the volume and weight of the fruit, thereby increasing yield. (2) Improving fruit set rate: Spraying NAA during the young fruit stage of pitaya can effectively increase the number of fruits set, reduce fruit drop caused by environmental factors, and further increase yield. (3) Preventing fruit drop: Spraying NAA during the young fruit stage of pitaya can also prevent pre-harvest fruit drop, ensuring that the fruit can grow stably before maturity, thereby increasing the commercial value and economic benefits of pitaya.

[0021] The benefits of fish protein as foliar fertilizer for pitaya: 1. Improve fruit setting rate: Fish protein fertilizer can promote early flowering and fruit setting of pitaya, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. 2. Enhance stress resistance: Fish protein is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and a variety of functional factors, which can significantly improve the stress resistance of pitaya, including cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance. 3. Improve fruit quality: After using fish protein fertilizer, the sweetness of pitaya increases, the fruit shape is better, and the quality and taste are improved. 4. Promote root development: Fish protein fertilizer can promote the development of the root system of pitaya, enhance photosynthesis, reduce flower and fruit drop, and improve fruit uniformity. 5. Reduce diseases: Fish protein fertilizer can reduce the occurrence of diseases in pitaya and improve the overall health of pitaya. The beneficial effects of mixing fish protein with urea as foliar fertilizer are: 1. Improve fertilizer efficiency: The free amino acids in fish protein can be mixed with urea to increase nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization. This combination can increase urea absorption and utilization by 20-40%, and extend nitrogen retention in the soil from over 20 days to over 60 days.

[0022] 2. Promote photosynthesis: Fish protein contains 18 kinds of free amino acids, among which glycine can increase the content of chlorophyll in plants, promote the absorption and utilization of carbon dioxide by plants, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and making photosynthesis more vigorous.

[0023] 3. Improve Crop Quality: The rich nutrients in fish protein fertilizer can improve crop quality, increasing the sugar content and edible portion of dragon fruit.

[0024] 4. Enhance stress resistance: After being absorbed by crops, fish protein can strengthen the physiological and biochemical functions of pitaya, enhance the pitaya's resistance to cold, drought, diseases and pests, and improve the overall stress resistance of pitaya.

[0025] 5. Promote root development: Fish protein has a special promoting effect on the root development of pitaya. It can stimulate the division and growth of root meristem cells, increase root volume and root elongation, and thus improve the ability of pitaya to absorb water and nutrients.

[0026] The addition of 20% thiazolyl emulsion in water has a significant control effect on root-knot nematodes, can inhibit nematode activity within 15 minutes, has a penetration capacity of 30 centimeters deep and a long-term effect of up to 120 days.

[0027] The medium and trace elements added in the present invention include two types of elements: medium and trace elements necessary for plant growth. Medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other elements. The content of these elements in plants is relatively high, and they play a key role in cell structure, photosynthesis and metabolic balance. Calcium constitutes the cell wall, enhances plant disease resistance, and regulates enzyme activity. Magnesium is the core component of chlorophyll and participates in photosynthesis and energy conversion. Sulfur is used to synthesize proteins and vitamins and participates in redox reactions. Trace elements include iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and other elements. Iron can promote chlorophyll synthesis and enhance photosynthetic efficiency; manganese can activate oxidoreductase and participate in light reaction and stress resistance regulation; zinc can regulate auxin synthesis and promote fruit enlargement; boron improves pollen vitality and sugar transport, and reduces the rate of deformed fruit; copper / molybdenum participate in enzyme system activity, enhance nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen fixation ability.

[0028] The present invention is used to mix the fully water-soluble compound fertilizer with the seaweed stock solution during fertilization in mid-spring, and the following effects are achieved: 1. Promote growth and improve quality. Seaweed concentrate is rich in various active substances, such as alginic acid, seaweed polysaccharides, and potassium fulvic acid. These ingredients can promote root development, enhance the plant's disease resistance, and make the plant strong and its leaves bright. The fully water-soluble compound fertilizer provides a large number of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, to meet the basic growth needs of pitaya. Combining the two can fully utilize their synergistic effects to promote the overall growth of pitaya.

[0029] 2. Increase yield. The active substances in the seaweed concentrate can regulate the balance between reproductive and vegetative growth of the crop, promoting fruit enlargement and uniform development, significantly enhancing the commercial value of pitaya. The fully water-soluble compound fertilizer provides ample nutrients, ensuring that pitaya growth is not affected by nutrient deficiencies that could affect yield. A combined application can further increase pitaya yield.

[0030] 3. Improve the soil environment. Seaweed concentrate acts as a natural soil conditioner, replenishing soil organic matter, activating beneficial microorganisms, improving soil structure, and reducing disease. The beneficial bacteria in the fully water-soluble compound fertilizer also form a protective layer around the rhizosphere, preventing harmful bacteria from infecting and further improving the soil environment. This integrated application method helps maintain soil health and provides a better growing environment for pitaya.

[0031] The invention overcomes the problems of single application of organic fertilizer in spring fertilization during traditional pitaya planting process, which causes pitaya flower bud differentiation, low fruit quality, soil compaction and other problems.

[0032] The fertilizers, bioregulators, etc. in the present invention are all commercially available products and do not require special preparation.

[0033] The present invention has the following improvements over the prior art: 1. the cultivation shed of the present invention has a heat preservation function and regulates the temperature in the shed, can reduce the temperature difference between day and night, can be heating in the shed during low temperature weather, make pitaya realize fruit output throughout the year in Guangxi. When there is no heating in November, the cultivation shed can be airtight, and can be sealed with felt cloth all around, and the felt cloth can isolate the temperature in the cultivation shed from external heat exchange, can improve the temperature of the pitaya plot in winter relative to traditional open field cultivation, thereby the present invention greatly increases the amount of flower buds than open field cultivation pitaya in November. When the flower that has flower buds in early November and late November encounters the situation that temperature is low during flowering, the cultivation shed of the present invention can be heated by heating facilities, ensures that the flower pollination success rate in early November and late November reaches more than 90%, increases the flowering rate than the planting shed without increasing heating facilities.

[0034] 2. The present invention uses three different methods of retaining flowers and fruits to ensure fruit production every month throughout the year, thereby increasing the single-batch fruit production of the entire orchard in winter. The dragon fruit picking volume of the present invention can reach 8420 to 10245 kilograms per mu during the fruit-bearing period in the planting area, which greatly improves the fruit yield and increases the income of the entire orchard compared to the existing dragon fruit planting technology.

[0035] 3. The flower-retaining and fruit-retaining method a of the present invention uses a growth regulator four times during the fruit-swelling period of pitaya, so that most winter pitayas are postponed to the market from February to early March, the price of pitaya is increased, and the income is increased. The conventional light-supplementing and flower-retaining method basically completes the market of pitaya in early February, and the income is lower.

[0036] 4. The present invention can provide targeted supplementary lighting according to the planned flower and fruit retention time, greatly saving electric energy.

[0037] 5. The present invention can use flower-inducing fertilizers according to the time of retaining flowers and fruits, so that the flowers can be more uniform and neat. In the later stage, fertilizer water formula is added to expand the fruits, so that the fruits can expand normally at low temperatures, the fruit weight increases, and the fruit quality is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals throughout the drawings. Elements or parts in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cultivation shed of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention for heating the cultivation shed in winter or low-temperature climates; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of arranging a sunshade net along the west side of a planting ridge when the sun is shining in the west in the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of an arch shed provided on the top of the planting ridge in the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of multiple longitudinal supports spaced apart and arranged in parallel on a planting ridge in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of transversely distributed longitudinal supports and transverse supports on the edge in the present invention; Names and serial numbers of components in the figure: 1-longitudinal ground bolt, 2-planting ridge, 3-steel wire, 4-transverse ground bolt, 5-longitudinal guy wire, 6-transverse guy wire, 7-transverse support column, 8-transverse support rod, 9-secondary longitudinal guy wire, 10-shed wire, 11-original longitudinal support column, 12-vertical pole, 13-arch shed, 14-heating mechanism, 15-temperature sensor, 16-controller, 17-side shed cloth, 18-felt cloth, 19-shed film, 20-roof cloth, 21-first sunshade net, 22-second sunshade net, 23-insulating felt cloth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to enable people skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] Example 1: like Figure 1-6As shown, a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi Province includes longitudinal supports, secondary longitudinal cables 9, a heating mechanism 14, a temperature sensor 15, a heat-insulating felt cloth 23, a controller 16, and a shed cable 10. Multiple longitudinal supports are arranged in parallel, both horizontally and vertically, to form a cultivation space. The longitudinal supports include primary longitudinal support columns 11 and vertical rods 12. The vertical rods 12 are vertically mounted on the top surfaces of the primary longitudinal support columns 11. Longitudinal cables 5 are installed through the tops of the multiple vertical rods 12 aligned in a longitudinal direction. The ends of the longitudinal cables 5 extend downwardly and connect to the longitudinal ground bolts 1. Transverse cables 6 are installed through the tops of the multiple vertical rods 12 aligned in a transverse direction. The ends of the transverse cables 6 each pass through a transverse support and extend downwardly to connect to the transverse ground bolts 4. Steel strands 3 are installed through the tops of the multiple primary longitudinal support columns 11 aligned in a longitudinal direction. The ends of the steel strands 3 extend downwardly and connect to the longitudinal ground bolts 1. Auxiliary longitudinal cables 9 are installed on both sides of each longitudinal cable 5, and the auxiliary longitudinal cables 9 are connected to the transverse cables 6, and adjacent auxiliary longitudinal cables 9 are spaced and parallel. A plurality of shed cables 10 are spaced and parallel across each longitudinal cable 5, and both ends of the plurality of shed cables 10 are bent downward and connected to the corresponding auxiliary longitudinal cables 9 to form an arch shed 13, and the arch shed 13 is movably covered with a shed film 19. Among them, side shed cloths 17 or side shed cloths 17 and felt cloths 18 are installed on the four sides of the cultivation space. Insulating felt cloths 23 are movably suspended on both sides of each arch shed 13, and at least one temperature sensor 15 is installed between adjacent insulating felt cloths, and is connected to a heating mechanism 14; the controller 16 has a display and is electrically connected to the heating mechanism 14 and the temperature sensor 15.

[0042] Vertical rods are added to the original longitudinal support columns to support the installation of longitudinal guy wires. The longitudinal guy wires 5 are 1.1m to 1.3m higher than the steel strands 3. Optional interval heights include 1.1m, 1.2m, or 1.3m. The vertical rods of the present invention can be made of angle steel. The vertical rods at both ends of each planting ridge can be 4# angle irons with a specification of 4cm x 3mm. The remaining vertical rods along the longitudinal direction of the planting ridge can be 3# angle irons with a specification of 3cm x 3mm.

[0043] The present invention overcomes the traditional height setting of the vertical support column for pitaya planting. The present invention adds a vertical rod to the original vertical support column to increase the height of the vertical support column. The effects achieved by increasing the height are as follows: 1. Increase the yield. By raising the support column, the branches can be effectively guided to grow downward, the length of the branches can be extended, and the number of fruiting parts can be increased, thereby increasing the yield of dragon fruit.

[0044] 2. Improve the spatial structure. Raising the support columns can improve the spatial structure of the planting area and arrange the layout reasonably so that the nodes of the pitaya trees grow in an orderly manner. This can not only ensure the growth of the population, but also enable the normal growth of individuals, and control the density, making daily management more convenient.

[0045] 3. Facilitates daily management. After raising the support column, daily management tasks such as watering, fertilizing, spraying and pollination can be carried out more conveniently, thereby improving management efficiency.

[0046] 4. Promote the growth of aerial roots: Raising the support column can increase the three-dimensional space area of the pitaya, prompting the pitaya nodes to produce aerial roots, providing a large amount of oxygen for the growth of the pitaya plant, and promoting its photosynthesis and growth.

[0047] 5. It is conducive to shaping and pruning. Raising the support column can create an orderly space, which is convenient for shaping and pruning, balancing the tree vigor, reasonably allocating fruit branches and nutrient branches, and stabilizing the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

[0048] It is understood that the original longitudinal support columns are the same ones already installed and used in the pitaya planting area. The longitudinal support columns are arranged parallel and spaced along the length of the planting ridge. This invention can save time in installing the longitudinal support columns and reduce the workload of setting up the cultivation shed.

[0049] like Figure 1-4 As shown, in the vertical direction, the height of the transverse guy wires is lower than the longitudinal guy wires. The transverse guy wires provide support and connection for the secondary longitudinal guy wires. The height distance between the transverse guy wires 6 and the longitudinal guy wires 5 can be 40cm to 50cm. Commonly used height distances include 41cm, 42cm, 43cm, 44cm, 45cm, 46cm, 47cm, 48cm, 49cm, or 50cm. The transverse guy wires are lower than the longitudinal guy wires, which facilitates the downward bending of the ends of the shed wires during installation, forming an arc-shaped structure that facilitates the installation of the shed film.

[0050] The longitudinal, transverse, auxiliary, and scaffolding wires can all be aluminum-clad steel wire. The diameter of the aluminum-clad steel wire for the longitudinal and transverse wires can be 3.0 mm. The diameter of the aluminum-clad steel wire for the auxiliary longitudinal wires can be 2.5 mm. The diameter of the aluminum-clad steel wire for the scaffolding wire can be 2.0 mm.

[0051] It should be noted that the vertical rods are added to the original longitudinal support columns, so that the arch shed of the present invention is much higher than the traditional arch shed set on the top of the original longitudinal support columns. The increased height of the arch shed enhances the air circulation in the shed and reduces the risk of diseases caused by high temperature and high humidity environment, especially during the high temperature period in summer, which is more conducive to heat dissipation and cooling. The expanded space can also reduce the temperature fluctuation between day and night, avoid low temperature frost damage, and improve the efficiency of photosynthesis. The arch shed of the present invention can reduce the shading of the top branches and leaves and improve the uniformity of light on the middle and lower branches. Combined with the characteristics of drooping branches, the effective light-receiving surface can be increased, promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit coloring.

[0052] The number of temperature sensors 15 that can be installed on each planting ridge can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. The number of temperature sensors installed can be selected according to the length of the planting ridge. When there are multiple temperature sensors, they can be installed at equal intervals on the planting ridge. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature in real time and transmits the monitored data information to the controller, which displays the data information through the display after receiving it. It is understandable that when there are multiple temperature sensors, each temperature sensor and planting ridge is numbered and input into the controller. One number on a planting ridge corresponds to one or more numbered sensors, which makes it easy to obtain the temperature information around each planting ridge.

[0053] One installation method for the insulation felt sheet is to suspend it on the secondary longitudinal tension wires. An insulation felt sheet can be installed on each side of the bottom of each arch shed. The two insulation felt sheets create an insulated space that prevents the temperature around the insulated planting ridge from escaping. This helps control the temperature around each planting ridge within the desired temperature range. This overcomes the existing practice of heating the entire interior of a greenhouse. This can easily lead to uneven heating temperatures due to the large space, which is detrimental to the balanced growth and development of the plants within the greenhouse.

[0054] It should be noted that the two insulating felt sheets, the top arch and the side felt sheets enclose the planting ridge into an independent planting ridge space. Compared with the entire cultivation shed, the planting ridge space is small. In cold weather, heating can quickly increase the temperature in the planting ridge space.

[0055] One heating mechanism may be an industrial fuel heater. Fuel heaters primarily consist of an air heater and a fan. After the air heater dissipates heat, the fan dissipates the heated air, resulting in rapid temperature increases and suitable for heating large areas. This is particularly effective when quickly raising the temperature in a pitaya greenhouse. Using diesel or kerosene as fuel, the heat generated by combustion is dissipated through an air outlet, without affecting plant growth. Fuel heaters operate without water or pressure, ensuring safety. Furthermore, they utilize heat generated by photosynthesis during the day, reducing fuel consumption and further conserving energy. Fuel heaters are compact, lightweight, and easy to operate, allowing them to be moved to different locations for heating as needed. This is particularly convenient for pitaya greenhouses, where frequent adjustments to the heating position are necessary. Fuel heaters also feature an intelligent thermostat that automatically adjusts the temperature to avoid potential risks such as seedling burns caused by excessive temperatures. This is crucial for pitaya cultivation, which requires precise temperature control.

[0056] How heating works: When the temperature is below 15℃, start the heating mechanism to provide heat to each planting ridge.

[0057] Each planting ridge has a corresponding heating mechanism, and the heat-insulating felt on both sides of the planting ridge can prevent the heat around the planting ridge from spreading outward. That is, each planting ridge space is equipped with a heating mechanism. The heating mechanism can be activated by a controller to introduce hot air into the planting ridge space. The hot air promotes the flow of air in the planting ridge space, which can not only quickly increase the temperature in the planting ridge space, but also make the temperature in the planting ridge space balanced. This is conducive to the dragon fruit trees in the planting ridge space being in a balanced temperature environment.

[0058] The temperature sensor monitors the temperature in the planting ridge space in real time. When the temperature reaches the set temperature, for example, the temperature is set to 15°C, the controller can control the heating mechanism to heat at a constant temperature.

[0059] like Figure 2 、 3 As shown, a roof cloth 20 is installed on the top between adjacent secondary longitudinal tension lines 9, and a first sunshade net 21 is hung below the roof cloth 20.

[0060] The roof cloth can be a transparent cloth, which is conducive to light transmission.

[0061] The first sunshade net is used to block sunlight. When planters are working between two planting ridges, the first sunshade net can block sunlight from reaching the planters, preventing them from getting sunburned. It is understood that removing the first sunshade net can increase the amount of sunlight between the two planting ridges.

[0062] To protect against the west sun, a second sunshade net 22 is installed. Each arch shed 13 is installed along its length in the west-facing direction. In the intense summer sun, pitaya is susceptible to direct sunlight damage, especially in the west. The present invention addresses this issue by installing a second sunshade net.

[0063] One installation method for the second sunshade net: one side of the second sunshade net is mounted on the top of the arch shed, and the other side is mounted on the secondary longitudinal tension wire. The second sunshade net can be installed on the arch shed at an angle, thus achieving a sunshade effect.

[0064] A width specification of the second sunshade net can be 50, 60 or 70 cm, etc. In this embodiment, the width specification of the second sunshade net can be preferably 50 cm.

[0065] The second shade net can be a 50%, 60%, or 70% shade net. In this embodiment, the second shade net is preferably a 50% shade net. A 50% shade net can reduce the intensity of direct sunlight by half, effectively preventing stem epidermal browning or necrosis caused by strong ultraviolet rays during the west-facing period. It also maintains normal photosynthesis by scattering light, avoiding dormancy caused by complete shading. Covering with a 50% shade net can reduce ground surface temperature by 4-6°C, reducing the inhibitory effect of high temperature stress on pitaya root growth. Particularly in west-facing areas, it can significantly alleviate heat damage to plant tissues caused by high afternoon temperatures. A 50% shade net coverage reduces soil evaporation by over 30%, synergistically maintaining a moist environment for the roots, reducing irrigation frequency, and preventing soil compaction. By lowering leaf surface temperature and transpiration pressure, the plant's tolerance to heat and drought is enhanced. It also blocks some pest invasion pathways, reducing the incidence of diseases such as anthracnose. Compared with sunshade nets with higher shading rates, 50% transmittance strikes a balance between sun protection and photosynthetic needs, which is more suitable for the physiological characteristics of pitaya as a sun-loving plant, and avoids excessive shading that affects flower bud differentiation.

[0066] The cultivation shed of the present invention utilizes a heating mechanism to maintain a temperature of 15°C at the base of each arch within the shed. This allows pitaya to maintain normal absorption capacity during cold weather, continuously supplying water and nutrients for floral organ development, preventing floral deformities and avoiding branch chlorosis or root damage caused by low temperatures. Combined with the lighting supplementation technology employed in the cultivation method of the present invention, a 15°C environment can overcome natural seasonal restrictions. By regulating the synergistic effects of light and temperature, continuous flowering in winter and off-season fruit production can be achieved.

[0067] The film, cloth, and felt on the cultivation shed of the present invention are all detachably installed. During the cultivation of dragon fruit, the cloth on the side of the cultivation shed and the film on the arch shed can be removed as needed, which is beneficial for rapid air circulation inside the cultivation shed and increases the light exposure area.

[0068] Example 2: The construction of the cultivation shed includes the following steps: S1. Increase the height of the support column. Determine the height of the vertical support rod according to the height of the original dragon fruit garden support column, and adjust the height of the original support column to 1.1-1.3m from the dragon fruit steel strand.

[0069] S2. Set the main axis longitudinal and main transverse tension wires, set the main axis longitudinal tension wires, use aluminum-clad steel wire as the longitudinal tension wires and transverse tension wires, the longitudinal tension wires pass through the reserved holes at the top of the longitudinal vertical support rods of each ridge, and the two ends of the longitudinal tension wires are fixed on the longitudinal ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the ridge; the transverse tension wires pass through the reserved holes 40-50cm away from the top of the vertical support rods, and the transverse tension wires pass through multiple transversely aligned vertical support rods on the same piece of land, and the two ends of the transverse tension wires are fixed on the transverse ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the transverse direction.

[0070] S3. Set up secondary longitudinal tension wires, and pull one secondary longitudinal tension wire on each side 20-30 cm away from the middle line of the two ridges. The secondary longitudinal tension wires are fixed on the main axis transverse tension wires; the first longitudinal tension wires and the second longitudinal tension wires are installed on both sides of the multiple original support columns on each ridge.

[0071] S4. Set up shed wires. The distance between two adjacent original support columns on each ridge is 3-4m. Add a shed wire every 1-1.5m. Each shed wire crosses the top of the longitudinal guy wire horizontally, and both ends are fixed on the secondary longitudinal guy wires on both sides of the longitudinal guy wire. An arch shed can be formed on the top of each ridge.

[0072] S5. Applying the greenhouse film: The greenhouse film starts in late November every year, and the greenhouse film is removed in late February to mid-March of the following year.

[0073] S6. Connect the shed cloth to form a 40-60cm interval between adjacent arch sheds. Hang the first sunshade net at the bottom of the interval and install the large shed cloth at the top to connect multiple arch sheds to form a whole.

[0074] S7. The shed space is formed by the distribution of shed cloth and felt cloth on all sides. The shed space is sealed with large shed cloth on all sides and covered with felt cloth on the outside. When the temperature is below 15℃ at night, the felt cloth on all sides of the shed space is lowered. The thickness of the felt cloth used is 3-5mm.

[0075] S8. Install heating equipment and facilities. 3 days before and after flowering and during flowering, when the temperature is below 15°C, use the heating mechanism to provide heat to the shed space so that the temperature inside the shed space is maintained at 15°C. At night, add insulation felt cloth between adjacent arch sheds at the same time. The insulation felt cloth is hung parallel to the planting ridges to prevent heat loss.

[0076] S9. Install a second sunshade net. From July to September in summer, add a second sunshade net on the west-facing side of each planting ridge. The second sunshade net is installed obliquely on the top of the planting ridge and extends in the length direction of the planting ridge.

[0077] Example 3 At the dragon fruit planting base in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, a cultivation shed was renovated and built in advance. In order to ensure fruit production throughout the year in the cultivation shed and facilitate management, it was managed in sections, mainly divided into planting area A, planting area B, and planting area C. The specific cultivation method includes the following steps: (1) Seedling cultivation In February and March, cut off the healthy fleshy stems that have grown for 2 to 3 years and are 60 to 70 cm long, trim the wound surface neatly, disinfect and dry the wound surface, and use the seedling bed for seedling cultivation. Seedlings should be cultivated in early March and roots will emerge after 15 to 20 days.

[0078] (2) Planting S1. Apply base fertilizer by spreading it on the planting base with a cultivation shed. Use 1.8t of organic fertilizer and 120kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu of land and mix well with the soil. S2. Ridge formation: the planting base is made into a ridge surface with a width of 2.0-2.3m and a height of 30-40cm, and a ridge furrow of 30-40cm; S3. Open a planting furrow. Open one planting furrow on the surface of the pitaya planting ridge. S4. Planting, choose to plant in early March or April, plant the dragon fruit seedlings out of the nursery in a longitudinal spacing of 30 to 40 cm in the planting ditch, lean against the first longitudinal tie line, and fix it with a cloth strip; S5. Drip irrigation pipe layout: one drip irrigation tape is placed in each planting row; S6. Select one strong and vigorous bud from each seedling and keep it; all other buds are cut back to 3-4 cm in length, i.e., newly emerged buds of 5-8 cm are cut back to 3-4 cm in length. S7. Tie the seedlings. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the second longitudinal guy wire, tie them to the second longitudinal guy wire on the opposite side with a cloth strip. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the load-bearing steel strands, tie them to the load-bearing steel strands. S8. Bend the seedlings until they are 42 to 43 cm longer than the steel strands. Keep branches 32 to 35 cm long on the steel strands. Top the dragon fruit seedlings when they droop more than 28 cm. S9. Leave the side shoots. The pitaya leaves the side shoots growing out of the buds facing the furrows. 3 side shoots are selected for each batch of pitaya. 2 batches of pitaya leaves complete the vegetative growth and enter the reproductive growth period. S10. Prune branches in February and March each year, removing old branches that are more than three years old, leaving suitable new shoots for each plant, and removing new shoots that have been severely damaged by frost before the previous year; S11. Keep flowers and fruits + fill light treatment Planting Area A: Fruit production from June to early March of the following year. Flowering starts from late March to early April each year. Newly emerged flower buds are removed from the fruit trees from August 10th to mid-September, and flower buds emerging from late September to late October are retained. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late September and late November to early March. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on in early September for winter fruits and end at the end of October; the lights should be turned on in early March for spring fruits and end at the end of April; Planting Area B: Fruit is produced from June to late March of the following year. The method of retaining flowers and retaining fruits is to retain flowers from the end of March to early April each year. The newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed from early September to late October, and the flower buds that emerge in early November are retained. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late October and from the end of February to March of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on from mid-September to mid-November for winter fruits and from early March to late April for spring fruits. Planting Area C: Fruit is produced from June to April of the following year. The method of retaining flowers and fruits is to retain flowers starting in late April each year. From late September to early November, the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed, and the flower buds that emerge in late November are retained. The fruit-bearing period in this area is from June to early November and from March to April of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights will be turned on in mid-September and end in late November; S12. Picking: When the dragon fruit is in its fruit-bearing period, it is picked when it is 8 to 9 minutes ripe.

[0079] (4) Fertilization management Different fertilization management should be carried out according to different planting areas.

[0080] Planting area A: When fertilizing in spring, use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. That is, from March to April, use 3.5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3 times a month.

[0081] Summer and early autumn fertilization: From May to early September, use high-potassium fertilizer as the primary fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During small fruit batches, use 6 kg / mu of the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer; during large fruit batches, use 6 kg / mu of the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer. Drip irrigation should be applied three times a month, with 1 kg of trace elements added monthly. Trace elements include both trace and medium elements, namely calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, and molybdenum. Each element should be added in equal amounts (the same applies to the following).

[0082] Fertilization to promote flowering in autumn and winter: From September 15 to the end of October, choose 450 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 900 times of liquid boron to spray the dragon fruit branches, spray three times a month, and drip irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice at the same time, using 3.5kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 0.5kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer once a month.

[0083] Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From November to February of the following year, root drip irrigation is carried out with 6 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15 days; foliar spraying is carried out with a mixture of 900 times urea solution at 200 L / mu and 10 kg / mu of fish protein, twice a month. In addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 60 ppm of gibberellin and 60 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, spray once every 7 days, for a total of 4 times.

[0084] Planting Area B: In spring, use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 1L / mu of seaweed solution, and drip irrigate 5 times a month.

[0085] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 8kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 5 times a month; 2kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0086] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to early November, choose 550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 1100 times of liquid boron to spray on dragon fruit branches, spray 5 times a month, and drip irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 times at the same time, using 5kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 1kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer 3 times a month.

[0087] Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: from December to February of the following year, root drip irrigation is used, using 8 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, drip irrigation once every 20 days; foliar spraying, use a mixture of 1100 times urea and 500 times fish protein, spray 5 times a month; in addition, 20 days after flowering, spray 50 ppm of gibberellin and 50 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, spray once every 10 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0088] Planting Area C: In spring, use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 1L / mu of seaweed solution, and drip irrigate 5 times a month.

[0089] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 8kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 5 times a month; 2kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0090] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to early November, choose 550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 1100 times of liquid boron to spray on dragon fruit branches, spray 5 times a month, and drip irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 times at the same time, using 5kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 1kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer 3 times a month.

[0091] Fertilization is applied to the fruits to make them swell in winter and spring. From December to March of the following year, root drip irrigation is used. Use 8 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer for drip irrigation, and drip irrigation is done once every 20 days. For foliar spraying, use a mixture of 300 L / mu of 1100 times urea solution and 15 kg / mu of fish protein, and spray it four times a month. In addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 50 ppm of gibberellin and 50 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, and spray them once every 10 days, for a total of three times.

[0092] (5) Pest and disease control, Dragon fruit pests and diseases should be prevented first, supplemented by treatment. Pest control includes disease control, insect pest control and snail control.

[0093] ①Disease prevention and control: After opening the greenhouse in March and April and picking the fruits, spray the entire garden with 1:1.5 Bordeaux mixture.

[0094] At the end of March and the beginning of April, use 1250 times diluted 20% thiazolyl emulsion or 1000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation. In early September, use the above agents for root irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 1.25L per root each time.

[0095] From mid-April to late October, rotate and spray 2500 times diluted 32.5% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, 1500 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, 2500 times diluted 40% fenpropimorph emulsifiable concentrate, and 1500 times diluted 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and control pathogens.

[0096] ②Pest control: To control thrips pests, use 2000 times diluted 100g / L bromofenac suspension, 1000 times diluted 60g / L spinetoram suspension, 3000 times diluted 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 3000 times diluted 22.4% spirotetramat suspension, 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension, or 1000 times diluted 27% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension for spraying.

[0097] To control lepidopteran pests, use 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules, 4000 times diluted 10% avermectin suspension, 200 times diluted 8000IU / μL Bacillus thuringiensis or 2000 times diluted 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension for spraying.

[0098] ③Snail control: When snails are not climbing onto pitaya trees, use 6% metaldehyde granules at 0.5kg / mu to apply on the ground; when snails are climbing onto pitaya trees, use 80% metaldehyde powder at 500 times dilution to spray the pitaya trees.

[0099] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 3 is that it adopts the existing open-field pitaya planting method, performs fertilization management and disease prevention and control according to routine during the planting process, and performs supplementary lighting operations during the fruit-bearing period.

[0100] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 3 is that it adopts the existing open-field pitaya planting method, performs fertilization management and disease prevention and control according to routine during the planting process, and does not perform additional lighting during the fruit-bearing period.

[0101] Example 3 of the present invention, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are set in the same plantation area. In different areas, the number of dragon fruits planted and the row spacing are the same. The fruit yield of each embodiment is now recorded in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Pitaya production

[0103] Note: From May to December, the field purchase price of pitaya is 1.3-2.3 yuan / jin, calculated based on an average price of 1.65 yuan / jin. From January to February, when it is on the market, the field purchase price is 2.0-3.0 yuan / jin, calculated based on an average price of 2.5 yuan / jin. From November to early March, the field purchase price is 2.0-4.3 yuan / jin, calculated based on an average price of 3.15 yuan / jin. From late March to early April, the national supply of pitaya is small, and the field purchase price is 6-7 yuan / jin, calculated based on an average price of 6.5 yuan / jin. From mid-April to late April, the field purchase price is 6.5-7.5 yuan / jin, calculated based on an average price of 7 yuan / jin.

[0104] From Table 1 we can see that: (1) Fruiting period comparison: Guangxi pitaya is usually put on the market in May, but the cultivation method of the present invention can realize the year-round production of Guangxi pitaya, with pitaya produced from May of the planting year to the end of April of the following year. The fruiting period of Comparative Example 1 is concentrated from June to December and from January to February of the following year, while the fruiting period of Comparative Example 2 is from early July to the end of December, and both failed to achieve year-round fruiting. Although the fruiting period of Comparative Example 1 is from January to February of the following year, no fruit is produced from March to April. At this time, there are very few pitayas on the market, so growers can obtain a higher field purchase price. The present invention achieves year-round fruiting while effectively improving the economic benefits of pitaya planting, maximizing the value of the plantation area.

[0105] (2) Comparison of total yield per mu: When the method of the present invention is applied to the pitaya planting process, the total yield per mu of the planting area during the fruiting period can reach 8420 to 10245 jin. The total yield per mu of comparative example 1 during the fruiting period reaches 6815 to 7819 jin, and the total yield per mu of comparative example 2 during the fruiting period reaches 5040 to 6500 jin. The method of the present invention increases the yield per mu by 7.69% to 50.33% compared with comparative example 1, and increases the yield per mu by 29.54% to 103.27% compared with comparative example 2. By comparison, it can be seen that by increasing the supplementary light operation during the fruiting period, flower bud differentiation can be effectively promoted and the yield of pitaya can be increased. Combined with the temperature-adjustable cultivation shed, not only can pitaya achieve year-round fruit production, but the yield per mu of pitaya can also be increased.

[0106] (3) Comparison of economic benefits: When the method of the present invention is applied to the pitaya planting process, the total economic benefits during the fruit-bearing period can reach 17,718 to 34,024.25 yuan / mu. The total economic benefits obtained in Comparative Example 1 are 12,587.75 to 14,542.7 yuan / mu, and the total economic benefits in Comparative Example 2 are 8,316 to 10,725 yuan / mu. As can be seen from the comparison, the total economic benefits of the present invention are increased by 21.83% to 170.3% compared with Comparative Example 1, and by 65.02% to 309.14% compared with Comparative Example 2. This shows that the method of the present invention can significantly improve economic benefits, increase production and income for growers, and overcome the dilemma that traditional planting methods are difficult to guarantee the input-output ratio for growers.

[0107] It should be noted that when comparing the present invention with each comparative example, the formula for calculating the minimum relative improvement of the present invention is: (lowest amount of the present invention - highest amount of the comparative example) / highest amount of the comparative example × 100%. The formula for calculating the maximum relative improvement of the present invention is: (highest amount of the present invention - lowest amount of the comparative example) / lowest amount of the comparative example × 100%.

[0108] The present invention is improved on the basis of the existing cultivation frame, reducing the improvement cost, overcoming the distance between the arch shed and the top of the dragon fruit planting row in the traditional pitaya cultivation technology; and realizing the adjustable temperature in the cultivation shed. It can provide a suitable temperature for the growth of pitaya in low temperature weather, especially when the pitaya is in the flowering period, so that the pitaya flowering can be free from the influence of low temperature weather, thereby achieving fruit production in the early spring of the following year and realizing year-round production. Moreover, the arch shed of the present invention is 1.1m to 1.3m higher than the existing arch shed, which effectively improves the ventilation performance of the cultivation shed, increases the illumination area, and also increases the growth space of pitaya; and through the fertilization management of the present invention, pitaya can grow well and achieve a higher fruit setting rate; continuously providing pitaya with sufficient fertility when the pitaya is in the fruit-bearing period can greatly increase the pitaya planting yield and increase economic benefits. However, the fruit yield of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 decreases after the fruiting period because conditions such as fertility and temperature control cannot keep up. The present invention can still maintain a relatively high yield, so that the plantation can achieve high output of dragon fruit throughout the year, greatly improving the economic benefits of the plantation.

[0109] Example 4: In the dragon fruit plantation in Long'an County, Nanning City, Guangxi, the original plantation was renovated and a cultivation shed was built in advance. In order to ensure fruit production in the cultivation shed throughout the year and facilitate management, the plantation was divided into areas, mainly divided into planting area 1, planting area 2, and planting area 3. The specific cultivation method includes the following steps: (1) Seedling cultivation In February or March, cut off the healthy, 2-3 year old fleshy stems with a length of 60-70 cm, trim the wound surface neatly, disinfect and dry the wound surface, and then use the seedling bed for seedling cultivation. Seedlings should be planted in early March and roots will emerge after 15-20 days. (2) Planting S1. Apply base fertilizer by spreading it on the planting base where a cultivation shed is built. Use 2t of organic fertilizer and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per acre and mix well with the soil. S2. Ridge formation: the planting base is made into a ridge surface with a width of 2.0-2.3m and a height of 30-40cm, and a ridge furrow of 30-40cm; S3. Open a planting furrow. Open one planting furrow on the surface of the pitaya planting ridge. S4. Planting, choose to plant in early March or April, plant the dragon fruit seedlings out of the nursery in a longitudinal spacing of 30 to 40 cm in the planting ditch, lean against the first longitudinal tie line, and fix it with a cloth strip; S5. Drip irrigation pipe layout: one drip irrigation tape is placed in each planting row; S6. Select one strong and vigorous bud from each seedling and keep it; all other buds are cut back to 3-4 cm in length, i.e., newly emerged buds of 5-8 cm are cut back to 3-4 cm in length. S7. Tie the seedlings. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the second longitudinal guy wire, tie them to the second longitudinal guy wire on the opposite side with a cloth strip. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the load-bearing steel strands, tie them to the load-bearing steel strands. S8. Bend the seedlings until they are 42 to 43 cm longer than the steel strands. Keep branches 32 to 35 cm long on the steel strands. Top the dragon fruit seedlings when they droop more than 28 cm. S9. Leave the side shoots. The pitaya leaves the side shoots growing out of the buds facing the furrows. 3 side shoots are selected for each batch of pitaya. 2 batches of pitaya leaves complete the vegetative growth and enter the reproductive growth period. S10. Prune branches in February and March each year, removing old branches that are more than three years old, leaving suitable new shoots for each plant, and removing new shoots that have been severely damaged by frost before the previous year; S11. Keep flowers and fruits + fill light treatment Planting Area No. 1: Start retaining flowers from the end of March to the beginning of April each year, pick off the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees from August 10 to mid-September, and select the flower buds that emerge from the end of September to the end of October. The fruit-bearing period is from May to late September and late November to February.

[0110] For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on in early September for winter fruits and end at the end of October; the lights should be turned on in early March for spring fruits and end at the end of April; Planting Area 2: The method of retaining flowers and fruits is used to produce fruit from June to March of the following year. Flowers are retained from the end of March to early April each year. Newly emerged flower buds are removed from the fruit trees from early September to late October, and flower buds that emerge in early November are retained. The fruit-bearing period in this area is from May to late October and from the end of February to March of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on from mid-September for winter fruits to mid-November; and from early March to late April for spring fruits.

[0111] Planting Area 3: Fruit is produced from June to April of the following year. The flower-retaining and fruit-retaining method starts in early April each year. From late September to early November, the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed, and the flower buds that emerge in late November are retained. The fruit-producing period in this area is from June to early November and from March to April of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on in mid-September and end in late November.

[0112] S12. Picking: When the dragon fruit is in its fruit-bearing period, it is picked when it is 8 to 9 minutes ripe.

[0113] (4) Fertilization management Different fertilization management should be carried out according to different planting areas.

[0114] Planting Area 1: In spring fertilization, use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots, that is, from March to April, use 4.25kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.75L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 4 times a month.

[0115] Summer and early autumn fertilization: From May to early September, use high-potassium fertilizer as the primary fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During small fruit batches, use 7 kg / mu of the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer; during large fruit batches, use 7 kg / mu of the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer. Drip irrigation should be applied four times a month, with 1.5 kg of trace elements added monthly. These elements include both macronutrients and micronutrients, namely calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, and molybdenum. Each element should be added in equal amounts (the same applies to the following).

[0116] Fertilization to promote flowering in autumn and winter: From September 15 to the end of October, choose 525 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 950 times of liquid boron to spray the dragon fruit branches, spray 4 times a month, and drip irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times at the same time, using 4.25kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 0.75kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer twice a month.

[0117] Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From November to February of the following year, drip irrigation is applied to the roots with 7 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 17 days; spray on the leaves with a mixture of 1000 times urea and 500 times fish protein, 4 times a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 65 ppm of gibberellin and 65 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, spray once every 8 days, for a total of 4 times.

[0118] Planting Area 2: Fertilize in spring and use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 4.25kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.75L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 4 times a month.

[0119] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 7kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 7kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 4 times a month; 1.5kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0120] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to early November, choose 550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 1100 times of liquid boron to spray on dragon fruit branches, spray 5 times a month, and drip irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 times at the same time, using 5kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 1kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer 3 times a month.

[0121] Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: from December to February of the following year, root drip irrigation is used, using 7 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, drip irrigation once every 18 days; foliar spraying, using a mixture of 1000 times urea and 500 times fish protein, spray four times a month; in addition, 20 days after flowering, spray 45 ppm of gibberellin and 45 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, spray once every 8 days, for a total of three times.

[0122] Planting Area 3: Fertilize in spring and use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 4.25kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 1L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 4 times a month.

[0123] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 7kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 7kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 4 times a month; 1.5kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0124] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to late November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 500 times solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1000 times solution of liquid boron. Spray 4 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 3 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 4.25 kg / mu each time; drip irrigate 0.75 kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer twice a month.

[0125] Fertilization is applied to the fruits to make them swell in winter and spring. From December to March of the following year, root drip irrigation is used. Use 7kg / mu of equal water-soluble compound fertilizer for drip irrigation, and drip irrigation is done once every 18 days. Foliar spraying is done by spraying a mixture of 1000 times of urea and 500 times of fish protein, 4 times a month. In addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 45ppm of gibberellin and 45ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, and spray once every 8 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0126] (5) Pest and disease control, Dragon fruit pests and diseases should be prevented first, supplemented by treatment. Pest control includes disease control, insect pest control and snail control.

[0127] ①Disease prevention and control: After opening the greenhouse in March and April and picking the fruits, spray the entire garden with 1:1.5 Bordeaux mixture.

[0128] At the end of March and the beginning of April, use 1250 times diluted 20% thiazolyl emulsion or 1000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation. In early September, use the above agents for root irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 1.25L per root each time.

[0129] From mid-April to late October, rotate and spray 2500 times diluted 32.5% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, 1500 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, 2500 times diluted 40% fenpropimorph emulsifiable concentrate, and 1500 times diluted 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and control pathogens.

[0130] ②Pest control: To control thrips pests, use 2000 times diluted 100g / L bromofenac suspension, 1000 times diluted 60g / L spinetoram suspension, 3000 times diluted 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 3000 times diluted 22.4% spirotetramat suspension, 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension, or 1000 times diluted 27% biphenyl·imidacloprid suspension for spraying.

[0131] To control lepidopteran pests, use 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules, 4000 times diluted 10% avermectin suspension, 200 times diluted 8000IU / μL Bacillus thuringiensis or 2000 times diluted 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension for spraying.

[0132] ③Snail control: When snails are not climbing onto pitaya trees, use 6% metaldehyde granules at 0.75kg / mu to apply on the ground; when snails are climbing onto pitaya trees, use 80% metaldehyde powder at 550 times dilution to spray the pitaya trees.

[0133] The cultivation method of the present invention can realize the production of dragon fruit in the plantation from May to April of the following year, realize the year-round production of dragon fruit in Guangxi, and the total yield of dragon fruit per mu in the planting area is 8520 to 10201 kilograms.

[0134] Example 5: In the pitaya plantation in Binyang County, Nanning City, Guangxi, the original plantation was renovated and a cultivation shed was built in advance. In order to ensure fruit production in the cultivation shed throughout the year and facilitate management, the plantation was divided into planting areas 1, 2, and 3. The specific cultivation method includes the following steps: (1) Seedling cultivation In February or March, cut off the healthy, 2-3 year old fleshy stems with a length of 60-70 cm, trim the wound surface neatly, disinfect and dry the wound surface, and then use the seedling bed for seedling cultivation. Seedlings should be planted in early March and roots will emerge after 15-20 days. (2) Planting S1. Apply base fertilizer by spreading it on the planting base where a cultivation shed is built. Use 2t of organic fertilizer and 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per acre and mix well with the soil. S2. Ridge formation: the planting base is made into a ridge surface with a width of 2.0-2.3m and a height of 30-40cm, and a ridge furrow of 30-40cm; S3. Open a planting furrow. Open one planting furrow on the surface of the pitaya planting ridge. S4. Planting, choose to plant in early March or April, plant the dragon fruit seedlings out of the nursery in a longitudinal spacing of 30 to 40 cm in the planting ditch, lean against the first longitudinal tie line, and fix it with a cloth strip; S5. Drip irrigation pipe layout: one drip irrigation tape is placed in each planting row; S6. Select one strong and vigorous bud from each seedling and keep it; all other buds are cut back to 3-4 cm in length, i.e., newly emerged buds of 5-8 cm are cut back to 3-4 cm in length. S7. Tie the seedlings. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the second longitudinal guy wire, tie them to the second longitudinal guy wire on the opposite side with a cloth strip. When the seedlings are 12-13 cm longer than the load-bearing steel strands, tie them to the load-bearing steel strands. S8. Bend the seedlings until they are 42 to 43 cm longer than the steel strands. Keep branches 32 to 35 cm long on the steel strands. Top the dragon fruit seedlings when they droop more than 28 cm. S9. Leave the side shoots. The pitaya leaves the side shoots growing out of the buds facing the furrows. 3 side shoots are selected for each batch of pitaya. 2 batches of pitaya leaves complete the vegetative growth and enter the reproductive growth period. S10. Prune branches in February and March each year, removing old branches that are more than three years old, leaving suitable new shoots for each plant, and removing new shoots that have been severely damaged by frost before the previous year; S11. Keep flowers and fruits + fill light treatment Planting Area No. 1: Start retaining flowers from the end of March to the beginning of April each year, pick off the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees from August 10 to mid-September, and select the flower buds that emerge from the end of September to the end of October. The fruit-bearing period is from May to late September and late November to February.

[0135] For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on in early September for winter fruits and end at the end of October; the lights should be turned on in early March for spring fruits and end at the end of April; Planting Area 2: The method of retaining flowers and fruits is used to produce fruit from June to March of the following year. Flowers are retained from the end of March to early April each year. Newly emerged flower buds are removed from the fruit trees from early September to late October, and flower buds that emerge in early November are retained. The fruit-bearing period in this area is from May to late October and from the end of February to March of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on from mid-September for winter fruits to mid-November; and from early March to late April for spring fruits.

[0136] Planting Area 3: Fruit is produced from June to April of the following year. The flower-retaining and fruit-retaining method starts in early April each year. From late September to early November, the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed, and the flower buds that emerge in late November are retained. The fruit-producing period in this area is from June to early November and from March to April of the following year. For supplementary lighting, the lights should be turned on in mid-September and end in late November.

[0137] S12. Picking: When the dragon fruit is in its fruit-bearing period, it is picked when it is 8 to 9 minutes ripe.

[0138] (5) Fertilization management Different fertilization management should be carried out according to different planting areas.

[0139] Planting Area 1: When fertilizing in spring, use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. That is, from March to April, use 3.5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3 times a month.

[0140] Summer and early autumn fertilization: From May to early September, use high-potassium fertilizer as the primary fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During small fruit batches, use 6 kg / mu of the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer; during large fruit batches, use 6 kg / mu of the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer. Drip irrigation should be applied four times a month, with 1 kg of trace elements added monthly. Trace elements include both trace and medium elements, namely calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, and molybdenum. Each element should be added in equal amounts (the same applies to the following).

[0141] Fertilization to promote flowering in autumn and winter: From September 15 to the end of October, choose 450 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 900 times of liquid boron to spray the dragon fruit branches, spray three times a month, and drip irrigate once with potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 3.5 kg / mu each time; drip irrigate once a month with 0.5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements.

[0142] Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From November to February of the following year, drip irrigation is applied to the roots with 6 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15 days; spray on the leaves with a mixture of 900 times urea and 500 times fish protein, twice a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 60 ppm of gibberellin and 60 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, once every 7 days.

[0143] Planting Area 2: Fertilize in spring and use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 3.5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3 times a month.

[0144] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 6 kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 6 kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3 times a month; 1 kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0145] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to early November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900 times of liquid boron. Spray three times a month. At the same time, drip-irrigate potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, using 3.5 kg / mu each time; drip-irrigate 0.5 kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer three times a month.

[0146] Fertilization is applied to the fruits to make them swell in winter and spring. From December to February of the following year, root drip irrigation is used. Use 6 kg / mu of equal and fully water-soluble compound fertilizer for drip irrigation, and drip irrigation is done once every 15 days. Foliar spraying is done with a mixture of 900 times of urea and 500 times of fish protein, twice a month. In addition, 20 days after flowering, spray 40 ppm of gibberellin and 40 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, and spray once every 7 days for a total of 3 times.

[0147] Planting Area 3: Fertilize in spring and use high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of new shoots. From March to April, use 3.5kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3 times a month.

[0148] Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 6 kg / mu. During the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer at 6 kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3 times a month; 1 kg of trace elements are used in drip irrigation every month.

[0149] Fertilize to promote flowering in autumn and winter. From late September to late November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 900 times of liquid boron solution, spray three times a month, and drip irrigate twice with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5 kg / mu each time; drip irrigate once a month with 0.5 kg of trace element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0150] Fertilization is applied for fruit swelling in winter and spring. From December to March of the following year, root drip irrigation is used. Use 6 kg / mu of equal water-soluble compound fertilizer for drip irrigation, and drip irrigation is done once every 15 days. Foliar spraying is done with a mixture of 900 times of urea and 500 times of fish protein, twice a month. In addition, 15 days after flowering, spray 40 ppm of gibberellin and 40 ppm of α-naphthaleneacetic acid during the young fruit stage, and spray once every 7 days, for a total of 3 times.

[0151] (5) Pest and disease control, Dragon fruit pests and diseases should be prevented first, supplemented by treatment. Pest control includes disease control, insect pest control and snail control.

[0152] ①Disease prevention and control: In March and April, after opening the greenhouse and picking the fruits, spray the entire garden with Bordeaux mixture; At the end of March and the beginning of April, use 1500 times of 20% thiazolyl emulsion or 1100 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation. In early September, use the above agents for root irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 1.5L per root each time. From mid-April to late October, rotate and spray 3000 times diluted 32.5% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, 2000 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, 3000 times diluted 40% fenpropimorph emulsifiable concentrate, and 2000 times diluted 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and control pathogens.

[0153] ②Pest control: To control thrips, spray with a 4,000-fold dilution of 100g / L bromofenac suspension concentrate, a 1,500-fold dilution of 60g / L spinetoram suspension concentrate, a 4,000-fold dilution of 70% imidacloprid water-dispersible granules, a 4,000-fold dilution of 22.4% spirotetramat suspension concentrate, a 3,000-fold dilution of 22% thiamethoxam-hypochlorous microcapsule suspension concentrate, or a 2,000-fold dilution of 27% biphenyl-imidacloprid suspension concentrate. To prevent and control lepidopteran pests, use 2000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules, 5000 times diluted 10% avermectin suspension, 300 times diluted 8000IU / μL Bacillus thuringiensis or 3000 times diluted 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension for spraying.

[0154] ③Snail control: Use 6% metaldehyde granules at 1kg / mu and spread them on the ground; when snails climb onto pitaya trees, use 80% metaldehyde powder at 600 times dilution to spray the trees.

[0155] The cultivation method of the present invention can realize the production of dragon fruit in the plantation from May to April of the following year, realize the year-round production of dragon fruit in Guangxi, and the total yield of dragon fruit per mu in the planting area is 8621 to 10105 kilograms.

[0156] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation shed suitable for annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya in Guangxi, characterized in that: include A longitudinal support member, wherein a plurality of longitudinal support members are arranged in parallel in a transverse and longitudinal interval to form a cultivation space, wherein the longitudinal support member comprises an original longitudinal support column (11) and a vertical rod (12), wherein the vertical rod (12) is vertically installed on the top surface of the original longitudinal support column (11), a longitudinal tension wire (5) is installed through the top of the plurality of vertical rods (12) aligned in a longitudinal straight line, and a transverse tension wire (6) is installed through the top of the plurality of vertical rods (12) aligned in a transverse straight line; and a steel strand (3) is installed through the top of the plurality of original longitudinal support columns (11) aligned in a longitudinal straight line; Secondary longitudinal pull wires (9), each of which is provided on both sides of the longitudinal pull wire (5), the secondary longitudinal pull wires (9) being connected to the transverse pull wires (6), and adjacent secondary longitudinal pull wires (9) being spaced apart and arranged in parallel; and Shed wires (10), each longitudinal tension wire (5) is spaced apart and parallel to a plurality of shed wires (10) connected across, both ends of the plurality of shed wires (10) being bent downward and connected to corresponding secondary longitudinal tension wires (9) to form an arch shed (13), and a movable shed film (19) is provided on the arch shed (13); Wherein, side shed cloths (17) or side shed cloths (17) and felt cloths (18) are installed on the four sides of the cultivation space.

2. The cultivation shed for the annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya in Guangxi according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a heating mechanism (14), a temperature sensor (15), a heat-insulating felt cloth (23) and a controller (16); Heat-insulating felt cloths (23) are movably suspended on both sides of each arch shed (13), and at least one temperature sensor (15) is installed between adjacent heat-insulating felt cloths and is connected to a heating mechanism (14); The controller (16) is provided with a display and is electrically connected to the heating mechanism (14) and the temperature sensor (15).

3. The cultivation shed for the annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya in Guangxi according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a roof cloth (20) and a first sunshade net (21), wherein the roof cloth (20) is installed on the top between adjacent secondary longitudinal tension wires (9), and the first sunshade net (21) is suspended below the roof cloth (20).

4. The cultivation shed for the annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya in Guangxi according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a second sunshade net (22), which is installed along the length direction of each arch shed (13) in the west exposure direction.

5. A method for erecting a cultivation shed suitable for annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya in Guangxi as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1 increase the height of the support column, according to the original dragon fruit garden support column to determine the height of the vertical rod, the height of the original support column is adjusted to a height of 1.1m ~ 1.3m from the dragon fruit strand; S2. Set the main axis longitudinal and main transverse guy wires, set the main axis longitudinal guy wire, use aluminum-clad steel wire as the longitudinal and transverse guy wires, the longitudinal guy wire passes through the reserved holes at the top of each ridge longitudinal vertical rod, and the ends of the longitudinal guy wire are fixed to the longitudinal ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the ridge; the transverse guy wire passes through the reserved holes 40cm~50cm from the top of the vertical rod, and the transverse guy wire passes through the transversely aligned multiple vertical rods of the same land, and the ends of the transverse guy wire are fixed to the transverse ground bolts next to the original support columns at both ends of the transverse direction; S3 set the secondary longitudinal wire, at a distance of 20 to 30 cm on both sides of the middle line of the two ridges at each pull a secondary longitudinal wire, the secondary longitudinal wire is fixed to the main shaft transverse wire; S4. Install shed wires. On each ridge, the distance between adjacent existing support columns is 3–4 meters. Additional shed wires are installed every 1–1.5 meters. Each shed wire crosses the top of the longitudinal guy wire and is secured at both ends to the secondary longitudinal guy wires on either side of the longitudinal guy wire. This creates an arch shed at the top of each ridge. S5. Film application: Film application starts in late November each year and is removed from the shed between late February and mid-March of the following year. S6. Connect the tent cloth, forming a 40-60cm interval between adjacent sheds, the lower portion of the interval space is hung with a first shade net, and the upper portion is installed with a large tent cloth, so that multiple sheds are connected to form a whole; S7. Cover the shed with tarpaulin and felt. Multiple existing support columns are distributed around the shed, and the shed space is sealed with a large tarpaulin and covered with felt. When the nighttime temperature drops below 15°C, lower the felt covering the shed space. S8. Install heating equipment and facilities. During the three days before and after flowering, and during flowering, when the temperature drops below 15°C, activate heating mechanisms to maintain the temperature within the greenhouse at 15°C. At night, add insulation blankets between adjacent arches. Hang the blankets parallel to the planting ridges to prevent heat loss. S9. Install a second sunshade net. From July to September in summer, add a second sunshade net on the west-facing side of each planting ridge. The second sunshade net is installed obliquely on the top of the planting ridge and extends in the length direction of the planting ridge.

6. A cultivation method suitable for year-round pitaya production in Guangxi, characterized in that: The cultivation method uses the cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 to carry out year-round pitaya cultivation.

7. The cultivation method for annual fruit production of pitaya in Guangxi according to claim 6, wherein: The following steps are involved: (1) Constructing a cultivation shed suitable for year-round pitaya cultivation in Guangxi as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; (2) Seedling cultivation: In February or March, cut off the healthy, 2-3 year old fleshy stems with a length of 60-70 cm, trim the wound surface neatly, disinfect and dry the wound surface, and use the seedling bed for seedling cultivation. After 15-20 days, the roots will emerge and the dragon fruit seedlings will be obtained; (3) Transplanting Transplant the dragon fruit seedlings into the cultivation shed, prune the branches during the growth of the dragon fruit, control the number of flowers and fruits, and provide appropriate light supplementation; ① Branch pruning: Prune in February and March every year, cut off the old branches that are more than 3 years old, leave suitable new shoots for each plant, and at the same time cut off the new shoots that are severely damaged by frost before the year; ② Keep flowers and fruits: In order to ensure fruit production throughout the year and facilitate management, the flowers and fruits are selected in different areas. There are three methods for retaining flowers: a. Fruit production from June to early March of the following year: retain the flowers and fruit. Start retaining the flowers from late March to early April each year. Remove the newly emerged flower buds from August 10th to mid-September, and retain the flower buds that emerge from late September to late October. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late September and late November to early March. b. Fruit production from June to late March of the following year: retain the flowers and fruit. Start retaining the flowers from late March to early April each year, remove the newly emerged flower buds from the fruit trees from early September to late October, and retain the flower buds that emerge in early November. The fruit production period in this area is from May to late October and from late February to March of the following year; c. Fruit production from June to April of the following year: retaining flowers and fruit. Starting from late April each year, the newly emerged flower buds on the fruit trees are removed from late September to early November, and the flower buds that emerge in late November are retained. The fruit production period in this area is from June to early November and from March to April of the following year. ③Carry out zone lighting with the method of retaining flowers and fruits: A method of preserving flowers is to start lighting in early September for winter fruits and end it at the end of October; and to start lighting in early March for spring fruits and end it at the end of April. Method b of flower preservation: in winter, the light starts to be turned on in mid-September and ends in mid-November; in spring, the light starts to be turned on in early March and ends in late April; The c method of keeping flowers is to turn on the lights in mid-September and end in late November; (4) Carry out fertilization management in conjunction with the method of retaining flowers and fruits: In the planting area of the a-flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high-nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. That is, from March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high-nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution for drip irrigation, 3-5 times a month; Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early September, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace element fertilizer is dripped every month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From September 15 to the end of October, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1000 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From November to February of the following year, use root drip irrigation with 6-8 kg / mu of uniform, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days; spray the leaves with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 60-70 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 60-70 ppm during the young fruit stage, spraying once every 7-10 days, for a total of 4 times; For the planting area of type b flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. From March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3-5 times a month. Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace elements are dripped each month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From late September to early November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1100 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilize in winter and spring to promote fruit expansion. From December to February of the following year, drip irrigation should be applied to the roots with 6-8 kg / mu of water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days. Foliar spraying should be done with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times per month. In addition, 20 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 40-50 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 40-50 ppm during the young fruit stage, every 7-10 days for a total of 3 sprays. For the planting area of type c flower retention method, fertilize in spring with high nitrogen fertilizer to promote new shoot growth. From the end of March to April, use 3.5-5 kg / mu of high nitrogen fully water-soluble compound fertilizer and 0.5-1 L / mu of seaweed stock solution, and drip irrigate 3-5 times a month. Fertilize in summer and early autumn. From May to early October, use high-potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer to promote fruit growth and expansion. During the period of small-batch fruit expansion, use the first high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu, and during the period of large-batch fruit expansion, use the second high-potassium fully water-soluble compound fertilizer 6-8kg / mu. Drip irrigation is carried out 3-5 times a month; 1-2kg of trace elements are dripped each month. Fertilize in autumn and winter to promote flowering. From late September to late November, spray the dragon fruit branches with 450-550 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 900-1100 times of liquid boron. Spray 3-5 times a month. At the same time, drip irrigate 2-4 times with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, using 3.5-5 kg / mu each time. Drip irrigate 1-3 times a month with 0.5-1 kg of water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements. Fertilization for fruit swelling in winter and spring: From December to March of the following year, use root drip irrigation with 6-8 kg / mu of uniform, fully water-soluble compound fertilizer, once every 15-20 days; spray the leaves with a mixture of 900-1100 times diluted urea and 500 times diluted fish protein, 2-5 times a month; in addition, 15 days after flowering, spray gibberellin 40-50 ppm and α-naphthaleneacetic acid 40-50 ppm, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 3 sprays; (5) Disease and pest control: For dragon fruit diseases and pests, prevention is the main approach, with treatment as a supplement.

8. The cultivation method for annual fruit production of pitaya in Guangxi according to claim 7, wherein: Step (5) pest control includes a pest control method, wherein the pest control method: In March and April, after opening the greenhouse and picking the fruits, spray the entire garden with Bordeaux mixture; At the end of March and the beginning of April, use 1000-1500 times of 20% thiazolyl emulsion or 900-1100 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate for root irrigation. In early September, use the above agents for root irrigation, with an irrigation volume of 1-1.5L per root each time. From mid-April to late October, rotate and spray 2000-3000 times diluted 32.5% benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, 1000-2000 times diluted 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, 2000-3000 times diluted 40% fenpropimorph emulsifiable concentrate, and 1000-2000 times diluted 25% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate to prevent and control pathogens.

9. The cultivation method for annual fruit production cultivation of pitaya suitable for Guangxi according to claim 7, wherein: Step (5) pest control also includes pest control, such as controlling thrips and lepidopteran pests; To control thrips pests, spray with 2000-4000 times diluted 100g / L bromofenac suspension concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted 60g / L spinetoram suspension concentrate, 3000-4000 times diluted 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules, 3000-4000 times diluted 22.4% spirotetramat suspension concentrate, 2000-3000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam-hypochlorous microcapsule suspension concentrate, or 1000-2000 times diluted 27% biphenyl-imidacloprid suspension concentrate. To control lepidopteran pests, use 1000-2000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate water-dispersible granules, 4000-5000 times diluted 10% avermectin suspension, 200-300 times diluted 8000IU / μL Bacillus thuringiensis or 2000-3000 times diluted 200g / L chlorantraniliprole suspension for spraying.

10. The cultivation method for year-round pitaya production in Guangxi according to claim 9, wherein: The pest control also includes snail control, and the snail control method is: when the snails have not climbed onto the pitaya tree, 0.5-1 kg / mu of 6% metaldehyde granules are spread on the ground; when the snails climb onto the pitaya tree, 500-600 times of 80% metaldehyde powder is sprayed on the pitaya tree.

Images