Seedling raising method for wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wheat seed seedling raising, in particular to a saline-alkali soil wheat seed seedling raising method which comprises the following steps: improving a soil structure through deep ploughing and application of a soil conditioner; organic fertilizer and vermiculite are mixed and laid into a seedbed, and a microbial agent is applied through spraying; soaking wheat seeds with gibberellin and betaine, and airing for later use; sowing is conducted in a drill sowing mode; covering a layer of thin soil after sowing, and paving a layer of straw on the surface of the soil to preserve moisture; watering immediately after sowing to ensure that the soil is moist; watering and topdressing are carried out for wheat field management. Hydroxyacetic anhydride is added, so that the hydrophilicity of humic acid can be improved, the water retention capacity of soil is enhanced, and a more suitable moisture environment is provided for wheat seeds; in addition, the hydroxyacetic anhydride is beneficial for adjusting the soil pH value, reducing the alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, promoting the soil to form a granular structure, improving the air permeability and the water permeability and facilitating the growth of wheat roots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat seed seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating wheat seeds in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] my country is an important country or region in the world's wheat production and consumption. Wheat provides about one-fifth of the world's population's food calories and protein. With the growth of population and the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for wheat continues to increase. However, high-quality arable land resources are limited and face occupation pressure in the process of urbanization and industrialization. Saline-alkali land is a land resource that has not been fully and effectively utilized. If large-scale wheat cultivation can be achieved, it will greatly increase the wheat planting area, increase wheat production, and alleviate food supply pressure.

[0003] In saline-alkali land environments, the soil salt content is high and the ion types are complex. Excessive salt concentration will have a serious inhibitory effect on the germination of wheat seeds, reduce the seed germination rate, and affect the absorption of water and nutrients by the wheat seedling roots, resulting in slow growth, poor development, and even death of the seedlings. In view of this, we provide a method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, so as to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that in saline-alkali land environment, the soil salt content is high and the ion types are complex. Excessive salt concentration will have a serious inhibitory effect on the germination of wheat seeds, reduce the seed germination rate, and affect the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots of wheat seedlings, resulting in slow growth, poor development, and even death of seedlings.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: S1.1. Improve soil structure by deep tillage and applying 30-50 parts by weight of soil conditioner; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 150-200 parts by weight and vermiculite 120-220 parts by weight are mixed, paved into a seedbed with a thickness of 10-15 cm, and 3-5 parts by weight of microbial agent are applied by spraying; S1.3. Soak the wheat seeds in gibberellin and betaine, and then dry them for later use; S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 2-3 cm and a row spacing of 20-25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row. Cover with a 2-3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.5. Watering and topdressing are performed for wheat field management.

[0006] Preferably, in S1.1, the soil conditioner is a mixture of desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; Among them, acetylated humic acid is prepared by acylation reaction of hydroxyacetic anhydride with humic acid and adding calcium lignin sulfonate. The mass ratio of calcium lignin sulfonate, humic acid and hydroxyacetic anhydride is 1:5:1-3. The reaction equation of the acylation reaction is: .

[0007] Acetylated humic acid has a large specific surface area and rich functional groups, which can adsorb nutrient ions in the soil, reduce nutrient loss, and improve the soil's fertilizer retention capacity; at the same time, it can also improve the soil's moisture conditions, increase the soil's water holding capacity, and provide sufficient water for wheat seed germination and seedling growth; acetylated humic acid prepared by adding calcium lignin sulfonate can provide a rich carbon source and energy for soil microorganisms, promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the soil, releasing more nutrients for wheat to absorb and utilize, while also inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms and reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests; acetylated humic acid contains a variety of active functional groups, which can interact with substances secreted by wheat roots, stimulate root growth and development, and increase the root absorption area and absorption capacity; in addition, it can also regulate the hormone balance in wheat, promote seed germination, seedling growth and tillering, and improve wheat's stress resistance and yield.

[0008] The calcium ions in desulfurization gypsum can react with sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the soil to produce calcium carbonate and sodium sulfate, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the soil and making the soil pH more suitable for the germination and growth of wheat seeds; in addition, desulfurization gypsum contains a certain amount of nutrients such as calcium and sulfur. Calcium is an important component of plant cell walls and can enhance the stability of cell walls and the stress resistance of plants; sulfur is an important raw material for plants to synthesize proteins and enzymes, and plays an important role in the growth and development of wheat.

[0009] Biochar has a highly developed pore structure and a huge specific surface area. It can effectively adsorb salt ions in the soil, such as sodium ions and chloride ions, reduce the concentration of harmful ions in the soil, and alleviate the toxic effects of salinity on wheat seeds and seedlings. Biochar has high stability in the soil and can slowly release some mineral nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc., providing long-term nutrient supply for wheat growth. At the same time, it can also promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the soil and improve the soil fertility level.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1. Dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 60-90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 200-300 rpm for acylation reaction for 2-6 hours; S2.2. After the acylation reaction is completed, cool the reaction system to 40-60°C, add calcium lignin sulfonate, and continue stirring at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours; After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol 2-3 times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40-60° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.3. Pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 400-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps of S1.1 are: Spread soil conditioner evenly on the surface of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 25-30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil.

[0012] Preferably, in S1.2, the organic fertilizer comprises a mixture of one or more of decomposed farmyard manure, compost, and green manure.

[0013] Preferably, in S1.2, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute the mixture to 300-500 times before use.

[0014] Rhizobia have a unique nitrogen-fixing ability and can form a symbiotic relationship with soybean roots. They fix nitrogen in the air in the rhizosphere environment and convert it into ammonia and other nitrogen forms that can be used by wheat, providing a continuous nitrogen source for wheat growth. This symbiotic relationship not only helps to improve the germination rate of wheat seeds and the growth rate of seedlings, but also enhances the robustness of seedlings, enabling them to better resist the stress of saline-alkali environments.

[0015] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can secrete substances such as acid phosphatase, which convert the insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble phosphorus that can be absorbed and utilized by wheat, increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil, and promote the germination of wheat seeds and the development of the root system. This effect not only helps wheat take root and absorb nutrients better in saline-alkali land, but also improves soil fertility and water use efficiency.

[0016] Potassium-solubilizing bacteria can decompose potassium-containing minerals in the soil, release potassium ions, increase the effectiveness of potassium in the soil, and meet the potassium needs of wheat growth. This effect helps to enhance the stress resistance of wheat and improve its salt-alkali resistance and disease and pest resistance in saline-alkali land.

[0017] Seaweed extract is rich in various nutrients, including macroelements, trace elements, amino acids, vitamins, etc., which can provide comprehensive nutritional support for wheat seed seedlings, make up for the lack of nutrients in saline-alkali soil, and promote the germination of wheat seeds and the growth of seedlings; the active substances such as polysaccharides and phenolic compounds in seaweed extract have antioxidant and plant physiological function regulation effects, which can enhance the tolerance of wheat seeds and seedlings to saline-alkali stress and improve their stress resistance.

[0018] Preferably, in S1.3, the wheat seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / L for 6-8 hours, and then soaked in a betaine solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1% for 1-2 hours.

[0019] Preferably, in said S1.5, the specific steps of watering the wheat field management are: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65-75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%; Jointing stage: Water every 10-15 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75-80%; Booting stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75-80%; Filling period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%, but stop watering 7-10 days before harvest.

[0020] Preferably, in said S1.5, the specific steps of topdressing the wheat field are: Seedling stage: Apply urea at the 3-4 leaf stage; Greening period: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10; Jointing stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20; Booting stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times.

[0021] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is composed of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the seedling raising method for wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, the addition of glycolic anhydride can increase the active functional groups of humic acid and improve its hydrophilicity, thereby enhancing the water retention capacity of the soil and providing a more suitable moisture environment for the wheat seeds; in addition, glycolic anhydride helps to regulate the pH of the soil, reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali land, promote the formation of a granular structure in the soil, improve air permeability and water permeability, and is beneficial to the growth of wheat roots; at the same time, it can also form a complex with soil nutrients, reduce nutrient loss and improve effectiveness, and promote the absorption of nutrients by wheat.

[0023] 2. In this method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali land, the addition of calcium lignin sulfonate can significantly optimize the soil structure, enhance the binding force between soil particles, make the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the extension and breathing of the wheat root system, thereby promoting the root system to take root deeper and more stably; in addition, calcium lignin sulfonate has a certain water retention capacity, which can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, and provide wheat with a more stable water and nutrient supply in the complex environment of saline-alkali land, thereby improving the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate, and helping wheat grow healthily. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The organic fertilizer includes a mixture of one or more of decomposed farmyard manure, compost, and green manure. The compost used in the following examples was purchased from Shandong Dehe Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd.

[0026] Seaweed extract was purchased from Wuhan Kamik Technology Co., Ltd., CAS number: 6138-23-4.

[0027] Rhizobium FS-J6919 was purchased from Shanghai Fusheng Industrial Co., Ltd.; phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was purchased from Shandong Qilu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; potassium-solubilizing bacteria YB75081M was purchased from Shanghai Yubo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The wheat used in the following examples is Xiaoyan No. 6, and the soybean used is Zhonghuang 35.

[0029] Example 1: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: S1.1. Evenly spread 30 kg of soil conditioner on the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 150 parts by weight and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite mixed, paved to a thickness of 15 cm seedbed, by spraying microbial agent 3 parts by weight; The microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute it to 300 times before use; S1.3. Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 h, then soak in a 1% betaine solution for 2 h, and air-dry for later use. S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row, staggering the rows and maintaining a spacing of 15-20 cm between plants. Cover with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.5. The specific steps for watering wheat fields are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Jointing stage: Water once every 10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Booting stage: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest; The specific steps for topdressing wheat field management are: Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage; Greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10 per mu; Jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20 per mu; Booting stage: apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25 per mu; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0030] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1. Weigh calcium ligninsulfonate, humic acid, and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:1; dissolve the humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm for acylation for 6 h. S2.2. After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignin sulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued with stirring at 300 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol three times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.3. Weigh desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0031] Example 2: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: S1.1. Evenly spread 30 kg of soil conditioner on the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 150 parts by weight and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite mixed, paved to a thickness of 15 cm seedbed, by spraying microbial agent 3 parts by weight; The microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute it to 300 times before use; S1.3. Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 h, then soak in a 1% betaine solution for 2 h, and air-dry for later use. S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row, staggering the rows and maintaining a spacing of 15-20 cm between plants. Cover with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.5. The specific steps for watering wheat fields are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Jointing stage: Water once every 10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Booting stage: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest; The specific steps for topdressing wheat field management are: Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage; Greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10 per mu; Jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20 per mu; Booting stage: apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25 per mu; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0032] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1. Weigh calcium ligninsulfonate, humic acid, and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:2; dissolve the humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm for acylation for 6 h; S2.2. After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignin sulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued with stirring at 300 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol three times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.3. Weigh desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0033] Example 3: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: S1.1. Evenly spread 30 kg of soil conditioner on the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 150 parts by weight and 120 parts by weight of vermiculite mixed, paved to a thickness of 15 cm seedbed, by spraying microbial agent 3 parts by weight; The microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute it to 300 times before use; S1.3. Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 h, then soak in a 1% betaine solution for 2 h, and air-dry for later use. S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row, staggering the rows and maintaining a spacing of 15-20 cm between plants. Cover with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.5. The specific steps for watering wheat fields are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Jointing stage: Water once every 10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Booting stage: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest; The specific steps for topdressing wheat field management are: Seedling stage: Apply 5 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage; Greening period: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10 per mu; Jointing stage: apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20 per mu; Booting stage: apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25 per mu; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0034] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1. Weigh calcium ligninsulfonate, humic acid, and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; dissolve the humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm for acylation for 6 h. S2.2. After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignin sulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued with stirring at 300 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol three times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.3. Weigh desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0035] Example 4: A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps: S1.1. Evenly spread 50 kg of soil conditioner on the surface of each mu of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 200 parts by weight and 220 parts by weight of vermiculite mixed, paved to a thickness of 15 cm seedbed, by spraying 5 parts by weight of microbial agent; The microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute it to 300 times before use; S1.3. Soak wheat seeds in a 100 mg / L gibberellin solution for 6 h, then soak in a 1% betaine solution for 2 h, and air-dry for later use. S1.4. Sow in rows at a depth of 3 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row, staggering the rows and maintaining a spacing of 15-20 cm between plants. Cover with a 3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.5. The specific steps for watering wheat fields are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 75%; Jointing stage: Water once every 10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Booting stage: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Grain filling period: Water once every 7 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75%, but stop watering 7 days before harvest; The specific steps for topdressing wheat field management are: Seedling stage: Apply 8 kg of urea per mu at the 3-leaf stage; Greening period: apply 20 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10 per mu; Jointing stage: apply 15 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20 per mu; Booting stage: apply 8 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25 per mu; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 3 times.

[0036] The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.1. Weigh calcium ligninsulfonate, humic acid, and glycolic anhydride in a mass ratio of 1:5:3; dissolve the humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 300 rpm for acylation for 6 h. S2.2. After the acylation reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled to 60°C, calcium lignin sulfonate is added, and the reaction is continued with stirring at 300 rpm for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol three times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.3. Weigh desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 500 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 The method of Example 4 was adopted, but acetylated humic acid was not used, and humic acid was directly used to prepare the soil conditioner.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 The method of Example 4 was used to remove calcium lignosulfonate.

[0039] The present invention uses soil conditioners to adjust soil pH, reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali land, promote the formation of soil granular structure, improve air permeability and water permeability, and promote the growth of wheat roots. The wheat cultivation performance index test items and test standards are as follows: Soil amendments were applied to initial saline-alkali soil (pH = 8.5-9.0, EC = 4-6 dS / m), and wheat growth was evaluated by measuring seed germination rate, seedling height, and seedling stem diameter.

[0040] Seed germination rate assessment: Place at least 25 seeds under suitable temperature and humidity conditions to improve statistical accuracy, and regularly observe and record the germination status; the germination standard is that the radicle breaks through the seed coat; finally, calculate the ratio of germinated seeds to the total number of seeds; a high germination rate indicates strong seed vitality, and the internal physiologically active substances and nutrients can better support seed germination and seedling growth.

[0041] Seedling height detection: Measure the height of seedlings during the critical period of wheat growth (such as the three-leaf stage). The plant height is measured from the soil surface to the highest point of the seedling. If the seedling is soft or prone to tilting, use a fixed bracket to gently straighten it to ensure that the seedling is upright. Use a tape measure perpendicular to the ground, start measuring from the soil surface, and record the length to the highest point of the seedling. Repeat the measurement 2-3 times for the same seedling.

[0042] Seedling stem thickness detection: Usually measure in the middle of the seedling stem (such as between the cotyledon and the first true leaf); if the stem has nodes, choose the internode part for measurement; gently clamp the stem with the two measuring claws of the caliper to make sure not to squeeze the stem, read the value on the caliper, record the stem thickness, and measure the same stem 2-3 times; thick stems are beneficial to the lodging resistance of wheat in the later stage.

[0043] The specific data of wheat seed cultivation are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Wheat seed cultivation data of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 It can be seen from Examples 1-4 that the seed germination rate, seedling stem diameter and plant height of Example 4 are significantly increased compared with Examples 1-3; It can be seen that in Examples 1-4, when the raw materials of each component are increased to varying degrees, the various performance indicators of the wheat seeds are improved. Taking Example 4 as the optimal example and comparing it with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when acetylated humic acid is not used and humic acid is directly used as a soil conditioner, the germination rate, seedling stem diameter and plant height of the wheat seeds are significantly reduced.

[0044] Ordinary humic acid has poor water solubility and is difficult to dissolve quickly in the soil and release effective ingredients, resulting in difficulty for wheat seeds and seedlings to fully absorb and utilize it, thus affecting the germination rate, stem diameter and plant height; after modification, the water solubility of acetylated humic acid is significantly improved, and it can play a better role; the number and activity of humic acid's active groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups are limited, and its adsorption, exchange and complexation capabilities for nutrients in the soil are weak, and it cannot effectively provide sufficient nutrients and a good soil environment for wheat seed germination and seedling growth; acetylated humic acid usually has more active groups and can more effectively react with minerals in the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve soil aeration, water permeability and water retention, thereby promoting the respiration of wheat seeds and the growth and development of seedling roots, and improving germination rate, stem diameter and plant height.

[0045] It can be seen from Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 that after removing calcium lignosulfonate, the germination rate of wheat seeds, the stem diameter of seedlings and the plant height are significantly reduced. This further proves that calcium lignosulfonate has certain colloidal properties and can synergize with acetylated humic acid to increase the agglomeration of soil particles and form a more stable aggregate structure in the soil, which helps to improve the water retention capacity of the soil, reduce water evaporation and loss, and allow the wheat root system to absorb water in a relatively humid environment; at the same time, it can also enhance the soil's ability to adsorb nutrients, reduce nutrient leaching, and improve High fertilizer utilization rate provides a continuous supply of nutrients for wheat growth; in addition, calcium lignosulfonate can reduce soil surface tension, making it easier for soil solution to penetrate into the soil particles, while also promoting the absorption and transportation of nutrients by wheat roots; when used in combination with acetylated humic acid, it can regulate the nutrient environment around the wheat roots, enhance the root system's affinity for nutrients, and improve wheat's absorption efficiency of macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements, providing sufficient nutrient support for wheat growth, promoting the healthy growth of wheat plants, and increasing stem thickness and plant height.

[0046] To sum up, the ingredients in soil conditioners, such as calcium and magnesium, can react with sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange, replace sodium ions, reduce the salt content of the soil, and reduce the toxic effects of saline-alkali on wheat seeds and seedlings. It can also promote the formation of a good aggregate structure of soil particles, increase soil porosity, and improve soil air permeability and water permeability, which helps the roots of wheat seeds to breathe and absorb water and nutrients better during germination and seedling growth, thereby improving the germination rate.

[0047] Soil conditioners can increase the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, so that nutrients that were originally fixed by salt and alkali or difficult for wheat to absorb, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements and iron, zinc, manganese and other trace elements, can be better absorbed and utilized by wheat; among them, nitrogen helps the synthesis of protein and chlorophyll, providing a material basis for seedling growth; phosphorus participates in energy metabolism and cell division, and potassium can promote the transport and accumulation of carbohydrates, all of which are beneficial to the division and growth of seedling stem cells, increasing the thickness of the stem.

[0048] Soil conditioners provide soil microorganisms with a suitable living environment and nutrients, promoting the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, etc. These microorganisms can participate in the transformation and circulation of nutrients in the soil, further improving soil fertility. The physiological activities of seedlings can proceed normally, and cell elongation and division are not inhibited, which is conducive to the growth of plant height.

[0049] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1.

1. Improve soil structure by deep tillage and applying 30-50 parts by weight of soil conditioner; S1.2, the organic fertilizer 150-200 parts by weight and vermiculite 120-220 parts by weight are mixed, paved into a seedbed with a thickness of 10-15 cm, and 3-5 parts by weight of microbial agent are applied by spraying; S1.

3. Soak the wheat seeds in gibberellin and betaine, and then dry them for later use; S1.

4. Sow in rows at a depth of 2-3 cm and a row spacing of 20-25 cm. Sow soybeans evenly spaced in each row. Cover with a 2-3 cm thick layer of soil after sowing, and spread a layer of straw on the soil surface to keep it moist. Water immediately after sowing to ensure the soil is moist. S1.

5. Watering and topdressing are performed for wheat field management.

2. The method for raising seedlings of saline-alkali soil wheat seeds according to claim 1, wherein In S1.1, the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid, and biochar in a mass ratio of 4:3:4; The acetylated humic acid is prepared by an acylation reaction between glycolic anhydride and humic acid and the addition of calcium lignin sulfonate. The mass ratio of calcium lignin sulfonate, humic acid and glycolic anhydride is 1:5:1-3.

3. The method for raising seedlings of saline-alkali soil wheat seeds according to claim 2, wherein The preparation steps of the soil conditioner are as follows: S2.

1. Dissolve humic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide, raise the temperature to 60-90°C, add glycolic anhydride dropwise, and stir at 200-300 rpm for acylation reaction for 2-6 hours; S2.

2. After the acylation reaction is completed, cool the reaction system to 40-60°C, add calcium lignin sulfonate, and continue stirring at 200-300 rpm for 1-2 hours; After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is poured into ethanol to precipitate, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol 2-3 times; the washed precipitate is dried at 40-60° C. to a constant weight to obtain acetylated humic acid; S2.

3. Pour the desulfurized gypsum, acetylated humic acid and biochar into a mixing device, and stir and mix at a speed of 400-500 rpm for 15-30 minutes to obtain a soil conditioner.

4. The method for raising seedlings of saline-alkali soil wheat seeds according to claim 1, wherein The specific steps of S1.1 are: Spread soil conditioner evenly on the surface of saline-alkali land, and then deep plow to a depth of 25-30 cm to fully mix the conditioner with the soil.

5. The method for raising seedlings of saline-alkali soil wheat seeds according to claim 1, wherein In S1.2, the organic fertilizer includes a mixture of one or more of decomposed farmyard manure, compost, and green manure.

6. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein In S1.2, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing rhizobia, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:2:2, then mixing with seaweed extract in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then adding water to dilute the mixture to 300-500 times before use.

7. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein In S1.3, the wheat seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 50-100 mg / L for 6-8 hours, and then soaked in a betaine solution with a concentration of 0.5%-1% for 1-2 hours.

8. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein In S1.5, the specific steps for watering the wheat field are as follows: Seedling stage: After emergence, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65-75%; Greening period: After the wheat seedlings turn green, maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%; Jointing stage: Water every 10-15 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75-80%; Booting stage: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 80%; Heading and flowering period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 75-80%; Filling period: Water every 7-10 days to maintain the relative soil moisture content at 70-75%, but stop watering 7-10 days before harvest.

9. The method for raising seedlings of saline-alkali soil wheat seeds according to claim 1, wherein In S1.5, the specific steps for topdressing wheat in the field management are: Seedling stage: Apply urea at the 3-4 leaf stage; Greening period: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:10; Jointing stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15:5:20; Booting stage: apply compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 10:5:25; Heading and flowering period: carry out foliar topdressing, spray 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times.

10. The method for raising wheat seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, wherein: The compound fertilizer consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride.

Images