Potato continuous cropping planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a continuous cropping planting method for potatoes. The invention relates to a method for continuous cropping of potatoes, which comprises the following steps of: spreading biomass ash for disinfection before plowing, ditching by adopting a ditch sowing mode after plowing, applying a soil remediation fertilizer according to the dosage of 2000-3000Kg / mu, covering a mulching film on the surface of soil after colonization, and when seedlings enter a tillering stage from resettling to main stem capping and leaf unfolding, covering the mulching film with the soil remediation fertilizer. The leaf fertilizer solution is sprayed on the front and back faces of the potato leaves for the first time through a sprayer, the leaf fertilizer solution is sprayed for the second time after 13-15 days until water films are generated on the leaf surfaces and do not drop, and the leaf fertilizer solution contains nano-selenium and growth hormone. The continuous cropping planting method for the potatoes can be used for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of the potatoes and improving the single-plant tuberization number and the nutrient content in tubers of the potatoes planted in the continuous cropping mode of the potatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically, to a method for continuous potato planting. Background Art

[0002] In agriculture, potatoes are an important dual-purpose crop, second only to wheat, rice, and corn in cultivated area, making them my country's fourth-largest staple food crop. They are cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, and have a short growth cycle. Their tubers are rich in protein, vitamins, and dietary fiber, possessing unique nutritional value and are highly valued by consumers. However, as the area of potato cultivation continues to expand, continuous cropping is becoming increasingly prominent in actual cultivation. This, in particular, is associated with soil structural changes caused by repeated cropping. This nutrient loss leads to low seed potato fertility, increased soil-borne diseases, and severe degradation of the seed quality, all of which restrict potato growth and development, as well as the nutrient content of the tubers.

[0003] The existing technology usually adopts the method of crop rotation, which balances soil nutrients and reduces the accumulation of pathogens by planting different crops, or uses soil conditioners and biological fertilizers to improve soil structure and restore soil microbial balance, or applies fertilizers through soil testing and formula, and reasonably applies chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers according to the nutrient status of the soil to improve the soil's own regulation ability.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors found that crop rotation is limited by the cultivated land area and crop planting plan, and the potato yield needs to be sacrificed. Although the use of soil conditioners, biological fertilizers, and soil testing and formula fertilization methods can solve the problems of soil structure destruction, nutritional imbalance and aggravated pests and diseases caused by continuous potato planting to a certain extent in actual application, it has limited effect on the problems of reduced number of potatoes per plant and reduced nutrient content of potato tubers. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to increase the number of potatoes per plant and the nutrient content in tubers in continuous potato planting, the present application provides a method for continuous potato planting.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for continuous potato planting, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for continuously planting potatoes comprises the following steps: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The disinfected planting site was tilled, and then furrow sowing was adopted. First, furrows were dug with a depth of (13±3) cm and a width of (25±5) cm. Soil remediation fertilizer was applied at a rate of 2000-3000 kg / mu. After covering with soil, the soil moisture was maintained at (10±1)% for 7-9 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes are planted, the soil surface is covered with plastic film for 12-14 days; S4: During the potato seedling stage, add soil remediation fertilizer at the potato roots at a dosage of 50-70 kg / mu; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the plant growth stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer liquid on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 13-15 days, spray a second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer liquid contains nano-selenium and growth hormone.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the soil is first disinfected with alkaline biomass ash, which can effectively kill pathogens, pests and weed seeds in the soil, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests during continuous cropping, and at the same time neutralize the soil acidification problem caused by continuous potato cropping, improve the soil environment, and create a good soil environment for potato growth.

[0008] Applying soil restoration fertilizer after tilling and furrowing can replenish the soil with rich organic matter, minerals, and bioactive substances, significantly improving the fertility and structure of the potato continuous cropping soil, maintaining a good root micro-ecosystem balance, providing sufficient nutrients and water for potato growth, and promoting plant root growth. Mulching with film after establishment can increase soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, promote seed potato germination and seedling growth, reduce soil nutrient loss, and provide a stable environment for potato growth.

[0009] Nanoselenium is a novel selenium source with a protein core and a selenium membrane. It can be absorbed by potato leaves and transported to the tubers, thereby increasing the selenium content in the tubers. It can also activate peroxidases in the plant and increase the activity of photosynthetic enzymes, reducing oxidative damage during photosynthesis in plant cells. This helps maintain leaf structure and function, extending the photosynthetic lifespan of leaves and promoting photosynthesis and the synthesis of photosynthetic products. Growth hormones can promote tuber growth and development, increasing tuber formation and yield. They can also promote the growth and expansion of potato leaves, increase chlorophyll content and activity, thereby increasing the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis and regulating the distribution of photosynthetic products within the plant.

[0010] After the potato seedlings enter the growth stage, the leaves are sprayed with foliar fertilizer containing nano-selenium and growth hormone twice. Nutrients are supplied through direct absorption by the leaves, ensuring high absorption by the plants. This can effectively promote the number of potatoes per plant and promote the transportation and accumulation of more photosynthetic products to the tubers, thereby increasing the nutrient content of potato tubers.

[0011] Optionally, the concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer solution is 8.5-13.5 mg / L, and the concentration of the growth hormone is 0.22-0.36 mg / L.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when the nano-selenium and growth hormone in the foliar fertilizer solution are within this concentration range, they can show the best effect in promoting potato growth, increasing the number of potatoes per potato plant and improving the nutrient content.

[0013] Optionally, the foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. In parts by weight, the raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 8.5-13.5 parts of nano-selenium, 0.22-0.36 parts of growth hormone, 10-15 parts of amino acids, 25-35 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 20-30 parts of seaweed polysaccharides.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharides are both natural high-molecular substances, rich in active groups and mineral nutrients. They can not only reduce the surface tension of water, form a protective film on the surface of plants, adhere to the surface of leaves, increase the contact area, and make the nutrients in the foliar fertilizer liquid easier to enter plant cells, thereby improving the absorption rate of nutrients by potato leaves, but also have significant antibacterial and disease resistance effects, which helps to improve the internal circulation of potato continuous planting, so that nutrients can be better transported to various developmental organs and enhance the stress resistance of crops.

[0015] Carboxymethyl chitosan can also promote the division and growth of plant cells, accelerate the photosynthesis of leaves, and increase the utilization rate of underground fertilizers, thereby improving the growth of crops.

[0016] Optionally, the growth hormone is brassinolide.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, brassinolide is a steroidal plant growth regulator that can significantly improve the stress resistance of potatoes. Under the obstacle of continuous potato cropping, it can better help potatoes cope with problems such as soil disease accumulation and nutrient imbalance, promote the elongation and division of plant cells, accelerate plant growth, improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, and promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products and their transportation to tubers.

[0018] Optionally, the amino acids are selected from at least two of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine and proline.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, glutamic acid and lysine are both important amino acids for plant protein synthesis. They can provide a nitrogen source, promote protein synthesis, enhance plant growth and development, promote chlorophyll synthesis, improve the photosynthesis efficiency of plant leaves, enhance plant stress resistance, and ensure that plants can maintain a good growth state under adverse conditions; aspartic acid and arginine can participate in the nitrogen metabolism and energy metabolism of plants, and as growth regulators, promote plant growth and development and improve plant stress resistance; proline can regulate the osmotic pressure of plants, enhance plant stress resistance, and at the same time participate in the nitrogen metabolism and energy metabolism of plants, promoting plant growth and development. By adding multiple essential amino acids, the potato foliar fertilizer has a more comprehensive effect in providing a nitrogen source, promoting protein synthesis, and enhancing stress resistance, which is beneficial to the growth and development of potatoes, thereby increasing the number of potatoes per plant and the nutrient content in the tubers.

[0020] Optionally, the method for preparing the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide are mixed, added to water and dissolved, and heated in a water bath at 45-55° C. with stirring for 30-45 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) dispersing nano-selenium in ethanol, adding Tween-80 after ultrasonic dispersion, adding growth hormone after continued ultrasonication, and forming a core material solution after ultrasonication for 5-10 minutes; (3) The core material solution is added to the wall material solution and mixed, and then further solidified by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the product.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a foliar fertilizer with a microcapsule structure is prepared using amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides as the wall materials, and nano-selenium and growth hormone as the core materials. This can effectively achieve the sustained release of nano-selenium and growth hormone, and improve the absorption efficiency of nano-selenium and growth hormone by leaves. This not only significantly reduces the problem of nano-selenium's easy aggregation, but also effectively encapsulates and protects the nano-selenium and growth hormone, preventing damage to the nano-selenium and growth hormone caused by external environmental factors such as high temperature and light, thus ensuring the fertility of the foliar fertilizer.

[0022] Compared to unmodified chitosan, carboxymethyl-modified chitosan has a stronger affinity for water, increasing the interaction between foliar fertilizers and water molecules and substances on the surface of plant leaves. This helps enhance adhesion between foliar fertilizers and leaves, reducing fertilizer losses and ensuring their effectiveness. Carboxymethyl-modified chitosan, in synergy with seaweed polysaccharides, effectively improves the density and stability of the wall material, thereby enhancing the encapsulation efficiency of nano-selenium and growth hormones, while also enhancing their biological activity and application effectiveness.

[0023] Optionally, during the spray drying in step (3), the inlet temperature is 100-150°C, the outlet temperature is 90-110°C, and the air volume is 25-40m 3 / h, nozzle pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa, and fluidized bed temperature is 60-70℃.

[0024] Optionally, the biomass ash is the ash left after burning biomass in a biomass power plant.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, raw materials are abundant and easy to obtain, which not only realizes waste utilization but also reduces production costs.

[0026] Optionally, the raw materials of the soil remediation fertilizer include volcanic rock powder, grassland sheep manure, wool residue, humic acid powder, nano-selenium, zeolite powder, fermentation bacteria and functional bacteria.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, biomass formed by grassland sheep manure and wool residue is used, which has strong alkalinity. Compared with traditional feed fattening sheep manure as fertilizer, it has a higher organic matter content, trace elements and bioactive substances. This can effectively improve the soil acidification caused by continuous cropping obstacles, improve soil fertility, maintain a good balance of the root micro-ecosystem, and promote the growth of plant roots.

[0028] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present application significantly improves the fertility and structure of the potato continuous cropping soil by disinfecting the soil with biomass ash, repairing the soil with soil repair fertilizer, and covering the soil with film after colonization, maintains a good balance of the root micro-ecosystem, provides sufficient nutrients and water for the growth of potatoes, and promotes the growth of plant roots. Later, during the plant growth period, foliar fertilizer containing nano-selenium and growth hormone is sprayed to replenish nutrients through direct absorption, effectively improving the photosynthesis efficiency of potato leaves and the yield of photosynthetic products, and promoting the transportation and accumulation of photosynthetic products to tubers, effectively promoting the number of potatoes per plant and the content of nutrient components in tubers.

[0029] 2. The foliar fertilizer liquid in this application preferably uses 8.5-13.5 mg / L concentration of nano-selenium and 0.22-0.36 mg / L concentration of brassinolide, which makes the fertilizer efficiency of the foliar fertilizer reach the best state, combats the problem of continuous cropping of potatoes, and can better help potatoes cope with soil disease accumulation, nutrient imbalance and other problems, promote the elongation and division of plant cells, accelerate plant growth, improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, and promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products and their transport to tubers.

[0030] 3. The present application uses amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharides as wall materials, and nano-selenium and growth hormone as core materials to prepare foliar fertilizer with a microcapsule structure, which can effectively achieve the sustained release of nano-selenium and growth hormone, and improve the absorption efficiency of nano-selenium and growth hormone by leaves. This not only effectively improves the dispersion uniformity of nano-selenium in foliar fertilizer, but also can effectively wrap and protect nano-selenium and growth hormone, prevent damage to nano-selenium and growth hormone caused by external environment such as high temperature and light, and ensure the fertilizer efficiency of foliar fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following examples further illustrate the present application in detail.

[0032] raw material Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples of this application are all commercially available products, specifically: Biomass ash, derived from the ash from burning crop structures in a power plant in Jinan that uses crop straw as fuel for power generation, pH ≥ 10; Nano-selenium, average particle size 100nm, purity ≥99.9%; Glutamic acid, CAS: 56-86-0; Aspartic acid, CAS: 6899-03-2; Lysine, CAS: 56-87-1; Arginine, CAS: 74-79-3; Proline, CAS: 147-85-3; Tween-80, selected from Shandong Jinyu Chemical Co., Ltd., CAS: 9005-64-5; Carboxymethyl chitosan, selected from Shandong Fengtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., FT11; Chitosan, selected from Shandong Fengtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., FT25; Seaweed polysaccharide, fucoidan, selected from Xi'an Wanfang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., WFSW-03; Brassinolide, molecular formula C 28 H 48 O6, effective content ≥99%, CAS: 72962-43-7; Volcanic rock powder, taken from the grasslands of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, is a waste sawdust powder after stone processing. The particle size is 200 mesh and it is rich in potassium 105.13mg / Kg, calcium 7093.3mg / Kg, magnesium 140.79mg / Kg and trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum. Zeolite powder has a particle size of 200 mesh. Sheep dung and wool residue from grassland pastures were collected from the grassland pasture area of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia; Humic acid powder, selected from Shandong Jinshiyuan Chemical Co., Ltd., mineral-source plant organic fertilizer 023-6533; Trichoderma longibrachiatum was selected from the China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the strain number CICC 40136; Bacillus subtilis, selected from China Industrial Microorganism Culture Collection Center, strain number CICC 24713; Aspergillus oryzae was selected from the China Industrial Culture Collection Center, with the strain number CICC 2011; Aspergillus fumigatus was selected from the China Industrial Culture Collection Center with the strain number CICC 40537.

[0033] Preparation example of soil remediation fertilizer Preparation Example 1 Soil remediation fertilizer, the raw materials include 34Kg volcanic rock powder, 52Kg grassland sheep manure, 13Kg wool residue, 10Kg humic acid powder, 4Kg nano-selenium, 18Kg zeolite powder, 2.5Kg fermentation bacteria and 8.6Kg functional bacteria, among which the fermentation bacteria are Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the functional bacteria is Trichoderma longifolia.

[0034] The preparation method of fermentation bacteria comprises the following steps: 1. (1) Preparation of Bacillus subtilis culture medium: Bacillus subtilis was inoculated into LB solid medium and cultured in a shaking incubator at (34±1)°C and 160 rpm for 24 h for activation to obtain a seed culture; the seed culture was transferred to LB liquid medium at a 5% inoculum volume and cultured in a shaking incubator at (34±1)°C and 180 rpm for 36-40 h to obtain a Bacillus subtilis culture medium; (2) Preparation of Aspergillus oryzae liquid: Aspergillus oryzae was inoculated into PDA medium and cultured at (26±1)°C for 48 h for activation to obtain seed liquid; the seed liquid was transferred to PDB medium at a 5% inoculum volume for expansion culture and cultured at (26±1)°C for 3-4 days to obtain Aspergillus oryzae liquid; (3) Preparation of Aspergillus fumigatus liquid: Inoculate Aspergillus fumigatus into PDA medium and culture at (26 ± 1) °C for 48 h for activation to obtain seed liquid; transfer the seed liquid to PDB medium at a 5% inoculum volume and culture at (26 ± 1) °C for 3-4 days to obtain Aspergillus fumigatus liquid; 2. The bacterial solutions of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus fumigatus obtained in step 1 were mixed to obtain fermentation bacteria, wherein the number of viable Bacillus subtilis bacteria was 2×10 10 cfu / g, the number of viable Aspergillus oryzae is 5×10 8 cfu / g, the number of viable Aspergillus fumigatus is 4×10 8 cfu / g The formula of the culture medium used: The LB solid medium formula is: 5 g yeast extract, 10 g tryptone, 5 g sodium chloride, 20 g agar, and dilute to 1 L with deionized water, pH 7.2 ± 0.2; The formula of LB liquid medium is: 8 g yeast extract, 10 g tryptone, 5 g sodium chloride, and dilute to 1 L with deionized water, pH 7.2 ± 0.2; The formula of PDA medium is as follows: 200g of peeled potatoes, cut into pieces, cooked for 30min, filtered through four layers of gauze to obtain the filtrate, 20g of glucose, 20g of agar, and dilute to 1L with deionized water; The formula of PDB medium is as follows: 200 g of peeled potatoes, cut into pieces, cooked for 30 min, filtered through four layers of gauze to obtain the filtrate, 20 g of glucose, and deionized water to 1 L.

[0035] The preparation method of long-branch Trichoderma comprises the following steps: 1. Inoculate the long-branch Trichoderma species into PDA medium and culture at (27±3)°C on a shaking table for 2-3 days for activation. Then transfer the culture to the first PDB medium and culture at (27±3)°C on a shaking table for 3-4 days to obtain the long-branch Trichoderma seed solution. 2. Inoculate the long-branch Trichoderma seed solution into the second PDB medium at a 10% inoculum volume and culture at (29 ± 1) ° C to obtain a long-branch Trichoderma culture product with a viable cell count of 5 × 10 9 cfu / g, which was obtained by collecting the precipitate by centrifugation and drying it in vacuum.

[0036] The formula of the culture medium used: The formula of PDA medium is as follows: 200g of peeled potatoes, cut into pieces, cooked for 30min, filtered through four layers of gauze to obtain the filtrate, 20g of glucose, 20g of agar, and dilute to 1L with deionized water; The formula of the first PDB medium and the second PDB medium is as follows: 200 g of peeled potatoes, cut into pieces, cooked for 30 min, and filtered through four layers of gauze to obtain the filtrate, 20 g of glucose, and deionized water to 1 L.

[0037] The preparation method of the soil remediation fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1: The grassland sheep manure and wool slag are crushed and pretreated respectively, passed through a 50-mesh sieve, weighed according to the ratio of grassland sheep manure and wool slag, mixed to obtain biomass, and fermented bacteria were added to the biomass, and mixed to obtain mixed windrow after stirring; S2: spraying water into the mixed pile until the moisture content is 55%, covering the surface of the mixed pile with plastic film, taking the temperature of the mixed pile within 30 cm from the outside as the fermentation temperature, turning the pile once when the fermentation temperature reaches (45±1)°C, and turning the pile twice after 3 days when the fermentation temperature reaches 55°C, and then turning the pile once every 3 days, covering the pile with plastic film again after each turning until the moisture content drops to (22±3)%, fermentation is completed, and the organic mixture is obtained after natural cooling; S3: After uniformly mixing the volcanic rock powder and the zeolite powder according to the ratio, adding the functional bacteria and continuing to mix, stirring evenly to obtain a first mixture; S4: mixing the first mixed material with the organic mixed material, nano-selenium and mineral humic acid, stirring evenly, and then freeze-spray drying to obtain the product.

[0038] Example of preparing foliar fertilizer solution Preparation Example 2 The foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. The raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 8.5g of nano-selenium, 0.31g of growth hormone, 10g of amino acids, 25g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 20g of seaweed polysaccharide. Among them, the growth hormone is brassinolide, the seaweed polysaccharide is fucoidan, and the amino acids are glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:1.5. After mixing with water, the concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer liquid is 8.5mg / L, and the concentration of the growth hormone is 0.31mg / L.

[0039] The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides were mixed, dissolved in water, and heated in a water bath at 45°C with stirring for 45 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) Dispersing nano-selenium in anhydrous ethanol, adding Tween-80 after ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes, adding growth hormone after continuing ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes, and forming a core material solution after ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes. The mass ratio of Tween-80 to nano-selenium is 2.5:1; (3) adding the core material solution to the wall material solution and mixing, and further solidifying by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under N2 gas atmosphere to obtain; The inlet temperature of the spray drying is 150℃, the outlet temperature is 100℃, and the air volume is 30m 3 / h, the nozzle pressure is 0.3MPa, and the temperature of the fluidized bed during fluidized bed drying is 70℃.

[0040] Preparation Example 3 The foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. The raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 10.4g nano-selenium, 0.36g growth hormone, 12g amino acid, 28g carboxymethyl chitosan and 24g seaweed polysaccharide, wherein the growth hormone is brassinolide, the seaweed polysaccharide is fucoidan, and the amino acids are glutamic acid and aspartic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1. After mixing with water, the concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer liquid is 10.4mg / L, and the concentration of the growth hormone is 0.36mg / L.

[0041] The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides were mixed, dissolved in water, and heated in a water bath at 55°C with stirring for 30 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) Nano-selenium was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and Tween-80 was added after ultrasonic dispersion for 15 minutes. Growth hormone was added after ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes. After ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes, a core material solution was formed. The mass ratio of Tween-80 to nano-selenium was 2.5:1. (3) adding the core material solution to the wall material solution and mixing, and further solidifying by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under N2 gas atmosphere to obtain; The inlet temperature of the spray drying is 120℃, the outlet temperature is 100℃, and the air volume is 30m 3 / h, nozzle pressure is 0.4MPa, and the temperature of the fluidized bed during fluidized bed drying is 60℃.

[0042] Preparation Example 4 The foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. The raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 12.15g of nano-selenium, 0.22g of growth hormone, 14g of amino acids, 31g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 26g of seaweed polysaccharide. Among them, the growth hormone is brassinolide, the seaweed polysaccharide is fucoidan, and the amino acids are glutamic acid, lysine and arginine in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.5. After mixing with water, the concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer liquid is 12.15mg / L, and the concentration of the growth hormone is 0.22mg / L.

[0043] The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides were mixed, added to water and dissolved, and heated in a water bath at 50°C with stirring for 40 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) Nano-selenium was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and Tween-80 was added after ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes. Growth hormone was added after ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes. After ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes, a core material solution was formed. The mass ratio of Tween-80 to nano-selenium was 2.5:1. (3) adding the core material solution to the wall material solution and mixing, and further solidifying by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under N2 gas atmosphere to obtain; The inlet temperature of the spray drying is 100℃, the outlet temperature is 90℃, and the air volume is 25m 3 / h, nozzle pressure is 0.3MPa, and the temperature of the fluidized bed during fluidized bed drying is 60℃.

[0044] Preparation Example 5 The foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. The raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 13.5g of nano-selenium, 0.27g of growth hormone, 15g of amino acids, 35g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 30g of seaweed polysaccharide. Among them, the growth hormone is brassinolide, the seaweed polysaccharide is fucoidan, and the amino acids are glutamic acid and proline in a mass ratio of 1:1.2. After mixing with water, the concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer liquid is 13.5mg / L, and the concentration of the growth hormone is 0.27mg / L.

[0045] The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan, and seaweed polysaccharides were mixed, dissolved in water, and heated in a water bath at 50°C with stirring for 35 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) Dispersing nano-selenium in anhydrous ethanol, adding Tween-80 after ultrasonic dispersion for 12 minutes, adding growth hormone after continuing ultrasonic dispersion for 8 minutes, and forming a core material solution after ultrasonic dispersion for 8 minutes. The mass ratio of Tween-80 to nano-selenium is 2.5:1; (3) adding the core material solution to the wall material solution and mixing, and further solidifying by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under N2 gas atmosphere to obtain; The inlet temperature of the spray drying is 150℃, the outlet temperature is 110℃, and the air volume is 40m 3 / h, the nozzle pressure is 0.5MPa, and the temperature of the fluidized bed during fluidized bed drying is 70℃.

[0046] Preparation Example 6 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: Nano-selenium was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, and Tween-80 was added after ultrasonic dispersion for 10 minutes. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed for 5 minutes and then dried to obtain pretreated nano-selenium. The mass ratio of Tween-80 to nano-selenium was 2.5:1. The pretreated nano-selenium is mixed evenly with amino acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, seaweed polysaccharide and growth hormone to obtain the product; The other steps are the same as those in Preparation Example 2.

[0047] Preparation Example 7 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that the carboxymethyl chitosan in the foliar fertilizer raw material is replaced with chitosan of equal mass that is not modified with carboxymethyl. The other steps are the same as Preparation Example 2.

[0048] Preparation Example 8 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that the carboxymethyl chitosan in the foliar fertilizer raw material is replaced with seaweed polysaccharide of equal mass, and the other steps are the same as Preparation Example 2.

[0049] Preparation Example 9 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that the seaweed polysaccharide in the foliar fertilizer raw material is replaced with an equal mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, and the other steps are the same as Preparation Example 2.

[0050] Preparation Example 10 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that nano-selenium is not added to the foliar fertilizer raw materials, and the other steps are the same as Preparation Example 2.

[0051] Preparation Example 11 The foliar fertilizer liquid is different from Preparation Example 2 in that no growth hormone is added to the foliar fertilizer raw materials, and the other steps are the same as Preparation Example 2. Example

[0052] Example 1 A method for continuously planting potatoes comprises the following steps: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The sterilized planting land was tilled, and then furrow sowing was adopted. Furrows were first dug with a depth of (13 ± 3) cm and a width of (25 ± 5) cm. The soil remediation fertilizer prepared in Preparation Example 1 was applied at a dosage of 2000 kg / mu. The soil was covered and tilled with a rotary tiller until the soil was buried in the cultivated layer. The soil moisture was maintained at (10 ± 1)% for 7 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes were planted, the soil surface was covered with plastic film for 12 days; S4: At the potato seedling stage, soil remediation fertilizer was added to the potato roots at a dosage of 70 kg / mu. The topdressing method was to dig a circular ditch (7 ± 2 cm deep) at a distance of (14 ± 2) cm from the root of the potato plant, mix the soil remediation fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:6, and then inject it, and then cover the ditch with fine soil; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the seedling stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 13 days, spray for the second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer is prepared by Preparation Example 2.

[0053] Example 2 A method for continuously planting potatoes comprises the following steps: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The sterilized planting land was tilled, and then furrow sowing was adopted. Furrows were first dug with a depth of (13 ± 3) cm and a width of (25 ± 5) cm. The soil remediation fertilizer prepared in Preparation Example 1 was applied at a dosage of 2400 kg / mu. The soil was covered and tilled with a rotary tiller until the soil was buried in the cultivated layer. The soil moisture was maintained at (10 ± 1)% for 8 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes were planted, the soil surface was covered with plastic film for 13 days; S4: At the potato seedling stage, soil remediation fertilizer was added to the potato roots at a dosage of 60 kg / mu. The topdressing method was to dig a circular ditch (7 ± 2 cm deep) at a distance of (14 ± 2) cm from the root of the potato plant, mix the soil remediation fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:6, and then inject it, and then cover the ditch with fine soil; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the seedling stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 14 days, spray a second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer is prepared by Preparation Example 3.

[0054] Example 3 A method for continuously planting potatoes comprises the following steps: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The sterilized planting land was tilled, and then furrow sowing was adopted. Furrows were first dug with a depth of (13 ± 3) cm and a width of (25 ± 5) cm. The soil remediation fertilizer prepared in Preparation Example 1 was applied at a dosage of 2600 kg / mu. The soil was covered and tilled with a rotary tiller until the soil was buried in the cultivated layer. The soil moisture was maintained at (10 ± 1)% for 9 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes were planted, the soil surface was covered with plastic film for 14 days; S4: At the potato seedling stage, add soil remediation fertilizer at the potato root at a dosage of 55 kg / mu. The topdressing method is to dig a circular ditch (7 ± 2 cm deep) at a distance of (14 ± 2) cm from the root of the potato plant, mix the soil remediation fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:6, and then inject it, and then cover the ditch with fine soil; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the seedling stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 15 days, spray for the second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer is prepared by Preparation Example 4.

[0055] Example 4 A method for continuously planting potatoes comprises the following steps: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The sterilized planting land was tilled, and then furrow sowing was adopted. Furrows were first dug with a depth of (13 ± 3) cm and a width of (25 ± 5) cm. The soil remediation fertilizer prepared in Preparation Example 1 was applied at a dosage of 3000 kg / mu. The soil was covered and tilled with a rotary tiller until the soil was buried in the cultivated layer. The soil moisture was maintained at (10 ± 1)% for 8 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes were planted, the soil surface was covered with plastic film for 13 days; S4: At the potato seedling stage, soil remediation fertilizer was added to the potato roots at a dosage of 50 kg / mu. The topdressing method was to dig a circular ditch (7 ± 2 cm deep) at a distance of (14 ± 2) cm from the root of the potato plant, mix the soil remediation fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:6, and then inject it, and then cover the ditch with fine soil; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the seedling stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 15 days, spray for the second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer is prepared by Preparation Example 5.

[0056] Example 5 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 6, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0057] Example 6 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 7, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0058] Example 7 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 8, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0059] Example 8 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 9, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 10, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 A method for continuous potato planting is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer liquid sprayed in step S5 is obtained from Preparation Example 11, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0062] Performance testing Field plot tests were conducted using the potato continuous planting methods of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0063] 1. Experimental field: Potato continuous cropping experimental field in Huangjia Town, Leling City, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, with a pH of 4.5-5.5 and relatively consistent soil type, fertility, and moisture conditions; 2. Potato variety: "Black Beauty" purple potato; 3. Grouping: The experimental field was divided into 11 plots of equal area, including 10 experimental groups and 1 control plot. In April 2024, potatoes of the same variety were planted at the same planting density. The 10 experimental groups respectively adopted the potato continuous planting method of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-2 for potato planting; the control plot was a blank control group. During the planting period, the blank control group did not spray foliar fertilizer, and only carried out daily field planting management such as weeding and irrigation. The experimental period was from April 2024 to July 2024; 4. Potato quality testing: S1: After the harvest period, 50 plants were randomly selected from each experimental plot, and the aboveground fresh weight of potato tubers was measured, and the number of tubers per plant was recorded. S2: Ten potato plants were randomly selected from each experimental plot, and the starch, soluble protein, and vitamin C contents in potato tubers were determined using the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, the 2,6-dichlorophenol titration method, and the Coomassie brilliant blue colorimetric method, respectively. S3: Take the average value of each test in the above two groups of tests as the final result and record the final result in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 According to the performance test results of the experimental group and the blank control group in Table 1, it can be seen that the method of continuous potato planting of the present application can effectively improve the fertility and structure of the soil in continuous potato planting, provide a good environment for the growth and development of potatoes, and promote the number of potatoes per plant and the nutrient content of tubers.

[0065] According to the performance test results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2, it can be seen that by spraying foliar fertilizer containing nano-selenium and growth hormone during the potato planting period, the photosynthetic efficiency of potato leaves and the yield of photosynthetic products can be effectively improved, and the transport and accumulation of photosynthetic products to tubers can be promoted, thereby effectively promoting the biomass of individual potatoes and the number of tubers as well as the nutrient content of tubers.

[0066] The experimental groups that only added nano-selenium and only added growth hormone had a weaker effect on promoting potato growth than the combination of the two. This is because when promoting leaf photosynthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products, nano-selenium can activate the peroxidase in the plant body and increase the activity of photosynthetic enzymes, prolong the photosynthetic life of the leaves, thereby promoting the occurrence of photosynthesis and the synthesis of photosynthetic products, while growth hormone can promote the growth and development of tubers, promote the growth and expansion of potato leaves, increase the chlorophyll content, improve the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis, and allocate photosynthetic products in the plant body to the tubers. The two work together to make the potato photosynthesis stronger, and the photosynthetic products are transported and accumulated to the tubers, thereby effectively improving the single plant biomass and the number of potatoes and the nutrient content of the tubers.

[0067] According to the performance test results of Examples 1-4 and 5, it can be seen that, with amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharides as wall materials, nano-selenium and growth hormone as core materials, the foliage fertilizer with microcapsule structure is prepared. Compared with simply mixing various raw materials and adding water to mix, it is more effective to achieve the slow release of nano-selenium and growth hormone, and improve the absorption efficiency of nano-selenium and growth hormone in leaves. This is because the foliage fertilizer of microcapsule type can significantly alleviate the problem that nano-selenium is easy to gather, and nano-selenium and growth hormone can also be effectively wrapped and protected, preventing the damage of nano-selenium and growth hormone caused by external environments such as high temperature and illumination, and ensuring that nano-selenium and growth hormone in the foliage fertilizer continue to effectively play a role.

[0068] According to the performance test results of Examples 1-4 and Examples 6-8, it can be seen that the carboxymethyl-modified chitosan is more effective in improving potato biomass, the number of potatoes per plant, and the nutrient content of tubers than the experimental group of unmodified chitosan. This is because carboxymethyl chitosan has stronger hydrophilicity, which can increase the interaction between foliar fertilizer and water molecules and substances on the surface of plant leaves, which helps to enhance the adhesion between foliar fertilizer and leaves, reduce the loss of foliar fertilizer, and ensure the fertilizer efficiency of foliar fertilizer.

[0069] The synergy between carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharides can more effectively improve the density and stability of the wall material, thereby increasing the encapsulation efficiency of nano-selenium and growth hormone, while also improving biological activity and application effects, allowing foliar fertilizers to achieve optimal fertilizer effects.

[0070] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for continuous potato planting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Before tilling the soil, spread biomass ash at a rate of 500 kg / mu for disinfection, with the pH of the biomass ash being ≥10; S2: The disinfected planting site was turned over, and then the furrow sowing method was adopted. First, the furrow was dug with a depth of (13±3) cm and a width of (25±5) cm. Soil remediation fertilizer was applied at a dosage of 2000-3000 kg / mu. After covering the soil, the soil moisture was maintained at (10±1)% for 7-9 days. S3: After the potato seed potatoes are planted, the soil surface is covered with plastic film for 12-14 days; S4: During the potato seedling stage, add soil remediation fertilizer at the potato roots at a dosage of 50-70 kg / mu; S5: When the seedlings have expanded from clusters to main stem capping leaves and entered the plant growth stage, use a sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer liquid on both sides of the potato leaves for the first time. After 13-15 days, spray a second time until a water film is formed on the leaf surface and no water drips. The foliar fertilizer liquid contains nano-selenium and growth hormone.

2. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 1, wherein The concentration of nano-selenium in the foliar fertilizer solution is 8.5-13.5 mg / L, and the concentration of growth hormone is 0.22-0.36 mg / L.

3. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 1, wherein The foliar fertilizer liquid is prepared by mixing foliar fertilizer with water. In parts by weight, the raw materials of the foliar fertilizer include 8.5-13.5 parts of nano-selenium, 0.22-0.36 parts of growth hormone, 10-15 parts of amino acids, 25-35 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 20-30 parts of seaweed polysaccharides.

4. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 3, wherein , the growth hormone is brassinolide.

5. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 3, wherein , the amino acids are selected from at least two of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, and proline.

6. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 3, wherein The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) amino acids, carboxymethyl chitosan and seaweed polysaccharide are mixed, added to water and dissolved, and heated in a water bath at 45-55° C. with stirring for 30-45 minutes to form a wall material solution; (2) dispersing nano-selenium in ethanol, adding Tween-80 after ultrasonic dispersion, adding growth hormone after continued ultrasonication, and forming a core material solution after ultrasonication for 5-10 minutes; (3) The core material solution is added to the wall material solution and mixed, and then further solidified by spray drying granulation and fluidized bed drying under an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the product.

7. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 6, wherein In step (3), the inlet temperature of the spray drying is 100-150℃, the outlet temperature is 90-110℃, and the air volume is 25-40m 3 / h, nozzle pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa, and fluidized bed temperature is 60-70℃.

8. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 1, wherein , the biomass ash is the ash left after burning biomass in a biomass power plant.

9. The method for continuous potato planting according to claim 1, wherein The raw materials of the soil remediation fertilizer include volcanic rock powder, grassland sheep manure, wool residue, humic acid powder, nano-selenium, zeolite powder, fermentation bacteria and functional bacteria.

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