Intelligent and efficient water lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaic and energy storage

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent and efficient water lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaic and energy storage, and relates to the field of rice irrigation planting, and the system comprises a photovoltaic water lifting irrigation unit which is used for lifting irrigation water from a water source to a reservoir based on photovoltaic power generation; the irrigation unit is used for irrigating the terrace group by taking water from the reservoir, and the detection unit is used for detecting each terrace in the terrace group, obtaining water content information, pesticide residue information in water and landslide risk information of each terrace and obtaining a detection result; the classification unit is used for classifying each terrace based on the detection result to obtain a type division result of each terrace; the control unit is used for controlling the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment communicated with the terraced field based on the type division result of each terraced field; the system can achieve reasonable irrigation of the terraced field, reduce the landslide risk of terraced field irrigation, reduce the pesticide residue in the lower-layer terraced field and guarantee normal growth and quality of rice in the lower-layer terraced field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rice irrigation and planting, and in particular to an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Rice cultivation in my country's hilly regions is typically achieved by creating terraced fields on the hillsides, where rice is grown. Irrigation is a crucial management step in rice cultivation, directly impacting rice growth, yield, and quality.

[0003] The technology currently used for rice planting irrigation is water lifting irrigation, which involves lifting water to the highest terrace, and then allowing the water to flow from the highest terrace to the terraces below layer by layer. This method only requires diverting water to the highest point, and then using gravity to allow the water to pass through each layer of terrace in turn for irrigation. This irrigation method is simple and uses gravity to automatically achieve irrigation layer by layer, which can save a certain amount of irrigation energy consumption.

[0004] However, the applicant discovered that the above rice terrace irrigation method has the following technical problems: Traditional terrace irrigation relies on centralized irrigation, relying on gravity flow. Water from the upper terraces gradually seeps down through drainage outlets along the ridges to the lower terraces. If the drainage outlets are fixed (e.g., without a manual adjustment mechanism), irrigation of the lower terraces requires that the upper terraces be fully filled. This system can lead to problems such as the need for frequent water flow adjustments to avoid over-irrigation of the upper terraces or water shortages in the lower terraces, especially when the growing seasons of rice on the terraces vary significantly, increasing management costs.

[0005] Since the current terraces are directly or indirectly connected, all terraces from the upper to the lower layers will be filled with water during irrigation. However, the foundations of some terraces are at risk of landslides and are not suitable for continued irrigation. At this time, irrigation will easily lead to landslides, posing certain safety risks.

[0006] Rice is sprayed with pesticides several times during planting, and some pesticides will remain in the water in the terraces after application. During irrigation, the water containing residual pesticides in the upper terraces will flow into the lower layers layer by layer, which causes the residual pesticides in the upper terraces to be transmitted to the lower layers, resulting in higher pesticide residues in the lower terraces, affecting the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces.

[0007] In summary, the existing rice terrace planting irrigation adopts centralized irrigation, which will lead to irrational irrigation problems such as over-irrigation of some terraces and water shortage in some terraces, as well as the safety hazard of landslides caused by irrigation, and high pesticide residues in the lower terraces, which affects the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to use the intelligent irrigation system provided by the present invention to carry out intelligent irrigation of terraces in rice-growing areas, achieve reasonable irrigation of terraces, reduce the landslide risk of terrace irrigation, reduce the amount of pesticide residues in the lower terraces, and ensure the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage, the system comprising: Photovoltaic unit, used to provide power to system electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, and to store and manage the power; A water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-set hillside rice planting area; an irrigation unit for drawing water from a reservoir to irrigate a group of terraces in a predetermined hillside rice planting area, wherein the predetermined hillside rice planting area comprises a plurality of terrace layers distributed along the height of the hillside, each terrace layer comprising a plurality of mutually isolated terraces; each terrace being connected to each terrace in an adjacent upper terrace layer via an independent water transmission device; A detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terrace group, obtain water content information, pesticide residue information in water and landslide risk information of each terrace, and obtain detection results; A classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results to obtain a type classification result for each terrace; The control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment connected to the terrace based on the type classification result of each terrace.

[0010] Among them, the present invention uses photovoltaic units, water-lifting units and irrigation units to generate electricity, then lifts water to a high place, and then uses the irrigation unit for irrigation, thus realizing the basic function of water-lifting irrigation. Different from the prior art, each terrace layer in the present invention includes several terraces isolated from each other, which are designed to be isolated from each other in order to realize separate and refined irrigation management for each terrace. In the traditional terrace irrigation method, the water for the lower terrace comes directly from the upper terrace closest to it, and there is only one terrace for water to enter, resulting in that when the lower terrace needs to be irrigated, no matter whether the upper terrace is lacking water or not, the water for the lower terrace is not enough. The terraces closest to the upper water layer will be filled with water, resulting in unreasonable irrigation. Unlike the traditional method, in the present invention, each terrace is connected to each terrace in the adjacent upper terrace layer through an independent water transmission device. That is, when irrigating, a suitable terrace can be selected from the upper terraces for water diversion and irrigation, and the corresponding water transmission device can be turned on. Then, the water transmission device corresponding to the terrace that is not suitable for water diversion can be closed. That is, a terrace that also needs irrigation can be selected from the multiple terraces in the upper layer as the water diversion terrace for water diversion and irrigation, thereby achieving reasonable irrigation and avoiding excessive irrigation of the upper terraces.

[0011] Traditional terrace irrigation relies on centralized irrigation, relying on gravity flow. Water from the upper terraces gradually seeps down through drainage outlets along the ridges to the lower terraces. If the drainage outlets are fixed (e.g., without an artificial adjustment mechanism), irrigation of the lower terraces requires that the upper terraces be fully filled. This system may result in: when the growth period of terraced rice varies greatly, water flow needs to be adjusted frequently to avoid over-irrigation of the upper layer or water shortage of the lower layer, which increases management costs and makes it difficult to meet the personalized irrigation needs of each terrace. Whether the terrace needs irrigation needs to be judged based on the actual situation of the terrace. Therefore, this system designs a detection unit to detect each terrace in the terrace group, obtain the water content information, pesticide residue information in the water and landslide risk information of each terrace, obtain the test results, and judge whether the terrace needs irrigation based on the water content information, and judge whether the pesticide residue in the water of the terrace exceeds the standard based on the pesticide residue information in the water. If it exceeds the standard, the terrace cannot be used as a water diversion terrace, otherwise the pesticide residue in the water that exceeds the standard will flow into the lower terrace, which may easily cause the lower terrace to exceed the standard. The landslide risk information is used to judge whether the terrace has a landslide risk. If there is a landslide If there is a slope risk, the terrace needs to be drained instead of irrigated, thereby reducing its safety hazard; then the classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results to obtain the type classification result of each terrace; finally, the control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment connected to the terrace based on the type classification result of each terrace. The corresponding water transmission equipment is turned on by the control unit, and the remaining water transmission equipment is closed, so that the terraces that need irrigation are irrigated, and the terraces that do not need irrigation are avoided from being over-irrigated, and the amount of pesticide residues in the water that exceeds the standard that flows into the lower terraces is reduced, and the landslide risk of some terraces is also reduced, thus realizing intelligent irrigation of terraces in rice planting areas, realizing reasonable irrigation of terraces, reducing the landslide risk of terrace irrigation, reducing the amount of pesticide residues in the lower terraces, and ensuring the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces.

[0012] Preferably, the classification categories of terraces include: water-supply terraces, water-demanding terraces and non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces; the control unit is used to open the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-demanding terraces, and close the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-supply terraces, the water-supply terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces.

[0013] Among them, the water supply terraces need water to flow out, the water demanding terraces need water to flow into the terraces, and the non-water supply and non-water demanding terraces do not need water to flow out or flow in. Therefore, the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces and the water demanding terraces is turned on to allow the water in the water supply terraces to flow into the water demanding terraces, and the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces and the water supply terraces is closed to avoid excessive water in the lower water supply terraces; the water transmission equipment connecting the water supply terraces and the non-water supply and non-water demanding terraces is closed to avoid excessive water in the lower non-water supply and non-water demanding terraces. too much water in the terraces; shut down the water transmission equipment between water-demanding terraces to avoid a reduction in the water in the upper water-demanding terraces; shut down the water transmission equipment between water-demanding terraces and non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces to avoid a reduction in the water in the upper water-demanding terraces and an excess of water in the lower non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces; shut down the water transmission equipment between non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces and non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces to avoid a reduction in the water in the upper non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces and an excess of water in the lower non-water-supplied and non-water-demanding terraces.

[0014] The purpose of classifying terraces is to divide them into water-supply terraces, water-demanding terraces, and neither water-supply nor water-demanding terraces. Then, the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment is determined according to the type of terraces connected at both ends of the water transmission equipment, thereby achieving precise irrigation control of each terrace.

[0015] Preferably, classifying each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes: First, the landslide risk of the terrace is determined. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is high, the terrace and the terraces adjacent to the terrace in the lower terrace layer of the terrace are determined to be water supply terraces. If the landslide risk of the terrace is high, the water in the terrace needs to be controlled and drained. Therefore, it is determined to be a water supply terrace, and the terrace layer below the terrace may also cause the terrace to landslide. Because the lower terrace layer of the terrace shares an adjacent foundation with the terrace, if there is too much water in the lower terrace layer of the terrace, it will cause excessive water infiltration and soaking of the foundation of the upper terrace, increasing the risk of landslide of the upper terrace. Therefore, the terraces adjacent to the terrace in the lower terrace layer of the terrace need to be used as water supply terraces as well. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, it means that the water content of the terrace is relatively low, and the terrace is determined to be a water-demanding terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, it means that the water content of the terrace is appropriate, and the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace; If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the size of the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, it means that the water quality of the terrace meets the requirements and can supply water to other terraces, and then the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, it means that the water quality of the terrace does not meet the standards and cannot supply water to other terraces, and then the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water-demand terrace.

[0016] Preferably, the applicant's research has found that the area where the terraces are located is usually mountainous, where the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, and the temperature is low during some periods. Traditional irrigation is to directly deliver water to the terraces. However, direct irrigation with cold water in mountainous areas may inhibit rice growth, such as causing chilling damage. Therefore, to address this problem, the detection unit is also used to detect the water temperature in the reservoir and obtain a water temperature detection result; the system also includes a heating unit, which is used to heat the water flowing out of the reservoir; and the control unit is further used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result. That is, when the temperature in the reservoir is detected to be low, the irrigation water is heated to increase the water temperature, reduce the occurrence of chilling damage to rice, and ensure normal growth of rice.

[0017] Preferably, the applicant has found that the current terrace drainage is to drain water from the upper terrace to the lower terrace. During the rainy season, heavy rainfall will cause the water flow speed to be faster in the terraces closer to the lower level, which may scour the edges of the terraces and destroy the ridge structure. In order to solve this problem, the present invention designs a separate drainage unit, which is used to discharge water from the terrace group instead of to the lower terraces when there is more water in the terraces, thereby reducing the scouring of the lower terraces and ensuring the safety of the terraces; the system also includes a drainage unit, which includes a number of drainage modules corresponding to the terraces one by one, and the drainage module is used to discharge the water in the corresponding terrace to a drainage channel isolated from the terrace group, and the control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage module based on the detection results.

[0018] Preferably, the detection unit obtains the information of pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields in the following manner: Obtaining real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields; Identify the drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring images; If there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone involved in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone; Obtaining a sampling time of sample water corresponding to the terraced field based on the pesticide application information; Sample water is obtained by sampling based on sampling time and sampling frequency; The sample water is tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields.

[0019] Among them, there are two traditional ways to obtain pesticide residue information in farmland water. The first is to manually collect samples in the fields on a regular basis. This method requires collecting samples from each terrace, which is inefficient. In addition, this method is regular and does not take into account the situation of pesticide application in the farmland. For example, the pesticide residue information in the farmland before and after application is quite different, so this method still has the problem of insufficient accuracy; the second method is to install corresponding collection equipment in the farmland to collect pesticide residue information in the farmland in real time. Although this method can quickly and accurately obtain pesticide residue information in the farmland, in order to collect comprehensive and accurate information, multiple collection devices need to be placed in each farmland, and there are many terraces in an area. The cost of installing multiple corresponding collection devices in each terrace is high and cannot be implemented in rural areas. For example, the economic value of the cultivated rice itself is not high, and the high cost investment is difficult to promote. In order to solve the above two problems, the applicant found that the main time node of the change of pesticide residue information in the farmland is the time node corresponding to the application of pesticides. During normal non-application time, as the pesticides are applied, the time node of the change of pesticide residue information in the farmland is the time node corresponding to the application of pesticides. Absorption and natural degradation and discharge, its content will gradually decrease, and real-time monitoring is not required. Therefore, it is only necessary to collect pesticide residue information in farmland within the corresponding time period after spraying, which can reduce the high cost problem brought by real-time collection. In addition, the applicant has found that the current spraying can be done by drone, so it is only necessary to obtain the real-time monitoring image of the terrace, and then identify the drone spraying behavior of the real-time monitoring image to determine whether there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring image; if there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone involved in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone; the purpose of obtaining the spraying information is to accurately determine the sampling time and sampling frequency for different spraying methods, dosages and other information, because different spraying methods and dosages correspond to different sampling times and sampling frequencies, and sample water is obtained based on the determined sampling time and sampling frequency; the sample water is tested for pesticide residues in water to obtain the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace. The above method can obtain pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace at low cost, efficiently and accurately.

[0020] Preferably, the drug administration information includes: drug name, dosage and administration method; The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field is obtained based on the pesticide application information and weather data.

[0021] The degradation rate of pesticides in water is typically measured by their half-life. The time periods after pesticide application are: peak period, high residue period, mid-degradation period, and safe period. Sampling is usually done during these periods, which are determined by their corresponding half-lives. Different drugs, application methods, and dosages correspond to different half-lives. Therefore, using application information including drug name, dosage, and method can accurately determine the half-life, and thus the sampling time.

[0022] Preferably, the sample water is obtained by: Acquiring a first image of the terraced field to be sampled, and analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image; Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as determined sampling points; The sampling path is obtained according to the coordinate information of all the determined sampling points; The water sampling equipment obtains samples at each determined sampling point according to the sampling path, and obtains sample water by summarizing the samples corresponding to all the determined sampling points.

[0023] Among them, the applicant's research found that although it is the same terraced field, the pesticide residue information in the water corresponding to the same area within the terraced field is different. Therefore, in order to accurately obtain the pesticide residue information in the water of a terraced field, the present invention has improved the traditional sampling method. The traditional sampling method is to randomly determine the sampling points in the farmland and then conduct sampling. This sampling method easily collects water from the edge of the field, the water inlet, the water outlet, and the place with dense or sparse aquatic plants into the sample, affecting the accuracy of the sample, because the edge of the field is easily affected by the surrounding environment, making the pesticide residue information in the water unstable, and the water inlet and outlet are also easily affected by the water flow, making the pesticide residue information in the water unstable, and the dense aquatic plants will block the medicine when spraying pesticides, resulting in Most of the drugs remain on the aquatic plants, and the aquatic plants have a certain absorption effect on the drugs, which makes the pesticide residue information in the water significantly lower than that in other areas; on the contrary, sparse aquatic plants will cause most of the drugs to be sprayed directly into the water, making the pesticide residue information in the water significantly higher than that in other areas. Therefore, the pesticide residue information in the water of these areas is unstable and cannot accurately reflect the pesticide residue information in the water of the terraces. Therefore, in order to accurately obtain the pesticide residue information in the water of the terraces, it is necessary to collect the first image of the terrace to be sampled during sampling, analyze the first image to remove the above-mentioned areas, and then obtain several sampling points in the first image that can accurately reflect the pesticide residue information in the water. The above method can accurately obtain the pesticide residue information in the water of the terraces.

[0024] Preferably, the analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image is specifically: Analyze the first image using a sampleable point recognition model to obtain a sampleable area in the first image; Select and obtain a number of sampleable points from the sampleable area; The method for obtaining the sampleable point identification model is as follows: Collecting a number of images of terraced fields planted with rice to obtain a second image set; Annotate each image in the second image set, mark the sampleable area in the image, and obtain a training set; An AI recognition model is trained based on the training set to obtain a sampleable point recognition model.

[0025] Among them, the sampleable area can be quickly obtained through an intelligent sampleable point recognition model, and the sampleable point recognition model can be obtained through AI model training.

[0026] Preferably, an automatic annotation module is used to automatically annotate each image in the second image set to mark the sampleable area in the image, specifically including: The automatic annotation module identifies the terrace borders, rice plants, aquatic plants, water inlets and outlets of the terraces in the image; The area in the terraced field that is farther away from the terraced field border than the first preset distance is set as the first area; that is, it needs to be away from the edge of the field to reduce interference from the external environment; Determine whether a first circular area with a fixed radius and a center point of the terraced field's water inlet overlaps with the first area. If so, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain a second area. If not, directly obtain the second area based on the first area; that is, move away from the water inlet to reduce the impact of water flow. Determine whether a second circular area with a fixed radius and a center around the water outlet of the terrace overlaps with the first area. If so, remove the overlapping area from the first area to obtain a third area. If not, directly obtain the third area based on the first area. In other words, it is necessary to move away from the water outlet to reduce the impact of water flow. obtaining a fourth area based on an overlapping area between the second area and the third area; Evenly divide the fourth area into several sub-areas and calculate the aquatic plant coverage density of each sub-area; The sub-regions where the aquatic plant cover density is greater than the first density threshold and less than the second density threshold are set as pending areas. Screening by aquatic plant cover density can remove areas with dense or sparse aquatic plants, ensuring the accuracy of the final detection. The area covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined is removed to obtain a sampleable area. Since rice and aquatic plants will affect the collection process of the collection equipment, it is necessary to remove the area covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined to obtain a sampleable area that is convenient for the water sampling equipment to collect samples. Mark the obtained sampleable area.

[0027] One or more technical solutions provided by the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The present invention can carry out intelligent irrigation of terraces in rice-growing areas, realize reasonable irrigation of terraces, reduce the landslide risk of terrace irrigation, reduce the amount of pesticide residues in lower terraces, and ensure the normal growth and quality of rice in the lower terraces.

[0028] The present invention can accurately classify terraces and thus achieve precise irrigation control of each terrace.

[0029] The present invention can heat irrigation water, increase water temperature, reduce the occurrence of rice chilling damage, and ensure the normal growth of rice.

[0030] The present invention can obtain pesticide residue information in water of terraced fields at low cost, high efficiency and accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice cultivation based on photovoltaics and energy storage; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water sampling equipment; Among them, 1-the fuselage of the second UAV, 2-the landing gear connected to the fuselage, 3-the water storage, 4-the water pump, 5-the electric telescopic rod, 6-the filter port, 7-the water pipe storage, and 8-the water pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0035] It is to be understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the elements may be multiple, and the term "one" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0036] Embodiment 1;

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the composition of an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage. The present invention provides an intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage, and the system includes: Photovoltaic unit, used to provide power to system electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, and to store and manage the power; A water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-set hillside rice planting area; an irrigation unit for drawing water from a reservoir to irrigate a group of terraces in a predetermined hillside rice planting area, wherein the predetermined hillside rice planting area comprises a plurality of terrace layers distributed along the height of the hillside, each terrace layer comprising a plurality of mutually isolated terraces; each terrace being connected to each terrace in an adjacent upper terrace layer via an independent water transmission device; A detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terrace group, obtain water content information, pesticide residue information in water and landslide risk information of each terrace, and obtain detection results; A classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results to obtain a type classification result for each terrace; The control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment connected to the terrace based on the type classification result of each terrace.

[0038] Among them, the photovoltaic unit is a photovoltaic device that uses photovoltaic panels and corresponding supporting equipment to generate electricity, and the electricity generated can be stored and subsequently used. The photovoltaic unit is an existing photovoltaic device, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be described accordingly. Among them, if the power provided by the photovoltaic unit is insufficient during the irrigation process, it can also be connected to the mains for irrigation to ensure the normal progress of irrigation.

[0039] Among them, the water lifting unit includes pumping equipment and water transmission pipes, such as pumps and water pipes. Water from low places is pumped to high places through pumps and water pipes to realize water lifting operations. In actual applications, if the height span of the preset hillside rice planting area is large, multiple pumping equipment are required to cooperate. For example, each pumping equipment pumps water to a reservoir at a certain height, and then the subsequent pumping equipment continues to pump water upwards. This can reduce the pressure of excessive pumping at one time. For example, a group of pumps and reservoirs are set up at a height of 20 meters. The pump pumps the water from the lower part into the reservoir, and then the upper pump pumps the water from the reservoir to the reservoir above to realize stepped pumping.

[0040] The terraces may be isolated by ridges or by adding isolation boards, and the isolation method is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Among them, the terraces are connected by water transmission equipment, which can be a water pipe and equipped with a corresponding intelligent water valve. The opening and closing of the water transmission equipment is achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the intelligent water valve. Among them, since there are many impurities in the rice-growing terraces, the entrances and exits of the water transmission equipment can also be equipped with corresponding filters.

[0042] Among them, the water content information of the terraces refers to the depth of surface water in the terraces during irrigation, which can be obtained through water level meter detection in practical applications.

[0043] Pesticide residue information in water refers to the pesticide residue content in surface water within terraced fields. This information can be collected and sent to a specialized testing station for testing. Alternatively, it can be tested using a rapid pesticide residue test card, typically by adding a water sample to a sample well or test strip on the card and determining whether the color change (compared with a control card) exceeds a certain threshold (usually the national standard limit). Alternatively, a portable pesticide residue detector can be used, such as placing a treated water sample into an instrument cuvette or reaction cell. The instrument automatically or manually reads the absorbance value to calculate the pesticide residue concentration or inhibition rate. This invention does not limit or elaborate on the methods for detecting pesticide residue information in water.

[0044] Among them, in an embodiment of the present invention, the classification categories of terraces include: water-supply terraces, water-demanding terraces and non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces; the control unit is used to open the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-demanding terraces, and close the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-supply terraces, the water-supply terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces.

[0045] Among them, water-supply terraces refer to terraces that transmit water to the lower terraces, water-demanding terraces refer to terraces that require water to be transmitted from the upper terraces, and non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces refer to terraces that do not need to transmit water to the lower terraces or the upper terraces. It should be noted that the category of terraces changes according to their status and is not constant. For example, if there is less water in a terrace, its category may change to a water-demanding terrace. For example, if the pesticide residue content in the water of a terrace exceeds the standard, it may switch from a water-supply terrace to a non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terrace.

[0046] Among them, the control unit is connected to the intelligent water valve in the water transmission equipment, controls the opening and closing of the intelligent water valve, and thus realizes the connection of the water transmission equipment connecting between the terraces. Each water transmission equipment has a corresponding number corresponding to the terrace to facilitate the control unit to accurately control the opening and closing of the corresponding water transmission equipment.

[0047] In this embodiment of the present invention, classifying each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes: First, the landslide risk of the terrace is determined. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is high, the terrace and the terraces adjacent to the terrace in the lower terrace layer are determined to be water supply terraces. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low risk, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, the terrace is determined to be a water-demanding terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace; If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the size of the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water demand terrace.

[0048] Among them, the landslide risk of terraces can be monitored in the following ways: Landslide risk in terraced fields can be monitored through surface displacement monitoring, such as GNSS displacement monitoring stations, which use Beidou / GPS satellite signals to obtain real-time three-dimensional coordinate changes. GNSS displacement monitoring stations can be installed at terrace boundaries or near cracks and powered by solar energy for monitoring. Alternatively, tilt displacement monitors can be used to monitor X / Y / Z inclination and relative displacement. Crack monitoring equipment, such as mechanical extensometers, can also be used. Deep displacement monitoring of terraced fields is also possible, such as using inclinometers. By drilling into stable strata and measuring inclination at different depths with probes, the location of the sliding surface can be identified.

[0049] Based on the detection results and corresponding risk assessment, for example, by comparing the displacement obtained by monitoring with a threshold displacement, the landslide risk of the terraced field can be determined. For example, a corresponding threshold can be set to reflect the magnitude of the risk. The corresponding threshold and risk magnitude setting methods are not described in detail in the present embodiment and can be adjusted according to actual needs. If the displacement is below a first displacement threshold, the landslide risk information of the terraced field is determined to be low risk; if the displacement is above the first displacement threshold, the landslide risk information of the terraced field is determined to be high risk.

[0050] Among them, the first water content threshold is smaller than the second water content threshold. The first water content threshold, the second water content threshold and the first pesticide residue threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not impose corresponding limitations.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit is also used to detect the water temperature in the water reservoir to obtain a water temperature detection result; the system also includes a heating unit, which is used to heat the water flowing out of the water reservoir; the control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result.

[0052] Among them, a water temperature detector or an electronic thermometer or a temperature sensor can be used to detect the water temperature in the water reservoir. Since the water in the water reservoir flows out through a water pipe, a section of the water pipe leading out of the water reservoir uses a heated pipe, such as a pipe heater. The pipe heater is a tubular heating element, and its outer shell itself is part of the pipe (connected to the water pipes at both ends through flange connection or threaded connection). Water flows through the inside of the heating pipe and is in direct contact with the heating element.

[0053] The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result. Specifically, if the detected water temperature is lower than 10 degrees, heating is performed; if it is higher than 10 degrees, no heating is performed. The specific temperature threshold for opening and closing the heating unit can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention does not make corresponding limitations.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a drainage unit, which includes a number of drainage modules corresponding one to one with the terraces. The drainage modules are used to discharge the water in the corresponding terraces to a drainage channel isolated from the terrace group. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage modules based on the detection results.

[0055] Among them, the drainage unit includes building a drainage ditch on the hillside on one or both sides of the terrace, connecting one end of the drainage pipe in the drainage unit with the terrace, and the other end with the drainage ditch. The drainage pipe is equipped with an intelligent water valve whose opening and closing is controlled by a control unit. Each drainage module includes at least one drainage pipe and one intelligent water valve, and can also include other components such as filters according to actual needs.

[0056] Among them, the smart water valve and the control unit in this application can be connected through wired or wireless connections to achieve transmission of control signals. The smart water valve can have its own power supply or an external power supply, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose corresponding limitations.

[0057] In this embodiment of the present invention, the detection unit obtains the information of pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields in the following manner: Obtaining real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields; Identify the drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring images; If there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone involved in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone; Obtaining the sampling time and sampling frequency of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field based on the pesticide application information; Sampling to obtain sample water based on the sampling time and sampling frequency; The sample water is tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields.

[0058] Among them, real-time monitoring images of the terraces can be obtained through monitoring equipment, such as monitoring cameras or surveillance cameras, which can be installed on the hillside through corresponding installation equipment or brackets to collect images of the terraces to achieve real-time monitoring images of the terraces.

[0059] The monitoring device is connected to an image processor or a computer, and the image processor or computer is equipped with image processing software or a module or a model that can identify the drone's pesticide application behavior. The drone's pesticide application behavior recognition model can be obtained by training using an existing target recognition model or an AI model. The training method is to obtain a picture of the drone's pesticide application behavior and then mark the drone's pesticide application behavior, and then obtain training. The drone's pesticide application behavior recognition model can be obtained by training the corresponding module. It should be noted that there is a difference between conventional drone flight behavior and drone pesticide application behavior. Although both belong to drone flight behavior, the difference is that drone pesticide application behavior requires a water mist formed by the spraying of medicine under the drone. Therefore, there are two objects during labeling and identification, one is the drone body, and the other is the water mist area under the drone. The two targets need to be marked during labeling. During identification, the two targets must be recognized at the same time to determine that it is a drone pesticide application behavior. The specific target recognition model or AI model can adopt an existing model. The improvement implemented in the present invention is that the images used for training are different, and the image labeling processing method is different, so that the drone's pesticide application behavior can be accurately identified.

[0060] Before applying the pesticide, the first drone stores the pesticide application information in its storage device. The first drone has a built-in communication function, and a communication connection can be established with the drone to obtain the pesticide application information stored in the first drone. The pesticide application information includes: drug name, dosage, and application method; The degradation rate of pesticides in water is usually measured by half-life (i.e. the time required for the residual amount to decrease by 50%). The sampling time should cover the key stages of change in pesticide concentration, which are generally: Stage: Peak period, time range: 0.5~6 hours after application; Stage: High residual period, time range: 1~3 days after application; Stage: Mid-degradation period, time range: 1~2 times of half-life, evaluate degradation trend; Stage: Safety period, time range: 3~5 times of half-life, confirm whether the residue reaches a safe level.

[0061] The half-life of each pesticide is determined by the name, dosage, and application method. For example, to query a pesticide's aquatic half-life data, you can find it on the pesticide label. Check the environmental toxicology section of the instructions to obtain the water half-life or hydrolysis half-life data. You can also obtain information from application information databases such as the China Pesticide Information Network, the FAO Pesticide Specifications, and the EPA Ecotoxicology Database.

[0062] The calculation method of the time is as follows: the sampling time is calculated based on the half-life: Recommended sampling time = DT × K; DT is the half-life, K is the stage setting value, peak period: K = 0.1-0.5, high residual period: K = 1-2, mid-degradation period: K = 3-5, safe period, 6-8, the size of the K value in each stage can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiment of the present invention is not specifically limited.

[0063] The sampling frequency is set according to actual needs and personnel and equipment conditions, and is not limited accordingly in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field is obtained based on the pesticide application information and weather data.

[0065] Among them, the above half-life calculation method is a theoretical calculation method. In practical applications, the half-life is also affected by environmental factors. Therefore, corrections need to be made on the basis of the above calculation results to obtain an accurate half-life and then accurately calculate the sampling time. The influencing factors of the half-life are temperature and light, and both temperature and light are related to weather data. Therefore, the present invention accurately obtains the sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field based on the pesticide application information and weather data. Among them, for every 10°C increase in temperature, the degradation rate of the pesticide will increase by 2 times. When the temperature is greater than 25°C, the half-life will be shortened by 20%~50%; light, ultraviolet light promotes photolysis. Compared with cloudy days, sunny days can shorten the half-life by 50%, while cloudy days will extend the half-life by 20%. Therefore, the accurate sampling time calculation method is: CT = DT × K × a × b; where CT is the sampling time, a is the temperature influence coefficient, and b is the light influence coefficient. The values of a and b are adjusted accordingly based on actual weather data. The specific corresponding conversion method can be adjusted according to actual needs. The embodiments of the present invention do not provide corresponding details or limitations. For example, the values of a and b can also be obtained through experiments, such as by conducting degradation experiments on pesticides under different temperature and light conditions to obtain the values of a and b.

[0066] In this embodiment of the present invention, the sample water is obtained by: Acquiring a first image of the terraced field to be sampled, and analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image; Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as determined sampling points; The sampling path is obtained according to the coordinate information of all the determined sampling points; The water sampling equipment obtains samples at each determined sampling point according to the sampling path, and obtains sample water by summarizing the samples corresponding to all the determined sampling points.

[0067] In order to ensure the representativeness of sampling and the accuracy of data during sampling, the present invention improves the method of obtaining sampling points. First, a first image of the terrace to be sampled is acquired. The first image can be obtained by aerial photography by a drone. Then, image processing software or corresponding model processing is used to obtain several sampleable points in the first image. The number of sampling points can be adjusted according to actual needs. The embodiment of the present invention does not make corresponding limitations. The coordinate information of the sampling points can be obtained by using the flight data of the drone and the image processing software. The sampling path can be obtained by connecting the coordinate information of multiple sampling points.

[0068] In this embodiment of the present invention, the analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image is specifically: The sampleable area in the first image is obtained by analyzing the sampleable point recognition model. When collecting pesticide residue water samples, avoiding field edges, water inlets, water outlets, and areas with dense / sparse aquatic plants is necessary to ensure sampling representativeness and data accuracy, so as to obtain the sampleable area. Selecting and obtaining a plurality of sampling points from the sampling area; the number of sampling points can be adjusted according to actual needs and is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention; The method for obtaining the sampleable point identification model is as follows: Collecting a number of images of terraced fields planted with rice to obtain a second image set; Annotate each image in the second image set, mark the sampleable area in the image, and obtain a training set; The AI recognition model is trained based on the training set to obtain a sampleable point recognition model. The AI recognition model can be a commonly used target recognition model or classification model or other intelligent model, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] In this embodiment of the present invention, an automatic annotation module is used to automatically annotate each image in the second image set to mark out the sampleable area in the image, specifically including: The automatic labeling module identifies the terrace border, rice in the terrace, aquatic plants in the terrace, the water inlet of the terrace, and the water outlet of the terrace in the image; the automatic labeling module may include a terrace border recognition model, a rice recognition model, an aquatic plant recognition model, a water inlet recognition model, and a water outlet recognition model, which perform image recognition to obtain the terrace border, rice in the terrace, aquatic plants in the terrace, the water inlet of the terrace, and the water outlet of the terrace, respectively. These recognition models can be obtained through machine learning training using corresponding training images, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be repeated accordingly; An area in the terrace that is farther from the terrace border than a first preset distance is set as a first area; the first preset distance can be adjusted according to actual needs, for example, the first preset distance can be 1 meter or 2 meters; Determine whether a first circular area with a first fixed value as the radius and a center point of the terraced field overlaps with the first area; if so, remove the overlapping area between the first circular area and the first area from the first area to obtain a second area; if not, directly obtain the second area based on the first area; Determine whether a second circular area with a radius of a first fixed value and a center at the water outlet of the terrace overlaps with the first area. If so, remove the overlapping area between the second circular area and the first area from the first area to obtain a third area. If not, directly obtain the third area based on the first area. The size of the first fixed value can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as 1 meter or 2 meters. obtaining a fourth area based on an overlapping area between the second area and the third area; The fourth area is evenly divided into several sub-areas, and the aquatic plant cover density of each sub-area is calculated. The demarcation method and size of the sub-areas can be adjusted according to actual needs and are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The aquatic plant cover density of each sub-area is calculated as follows: first, the aquatic plants in the sub-area are identified using the model described above, then the size of the covered area of the aquatic plant cover in the image is calculated, and then the complete area size of the sub-area is calculated. The covered area size is divided by the complete area size to obtain the aquatic plant cover density of the sub-area. The sub-area where the aquatic plant coverage density is greater than the first density threshold and less than the second density threshold is set as the pending area; the first density threshold and the second density threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs and are not limited accordingly in the embodiment of the present invention; The area covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined is removed to obtain the sampling area; Mark the obtained sampleable area.

[0070] When collecting water samples for pesticide residues, avoid field edges, water inlets, water outlets, and areas with dense / sparse aquatic plants. The specific reasons are: 1. Field edge area (near the field ridge); Interference factors: Drift pollution: When applying pesticides, the amount of liquid drift at the ridges can be up to 2-3 times that of the center of the field (wind erosion effect).

[0071] Soil adsorption: The soil at the edge of the field is more compacted due to frequent trampling, and the adsorption rate of pesticides is 15-30% higher than that in the center of the field, resulting in lower residual concentrations in water bodies.

[0072] Direct sunlight: No crops blocking the view, the water temperature is 3~5℃ higher than that in the center of the field, which accelerates the photolysis of pesticides (for example, the photolysis rate of sulfonylurea herbicides is increased by 40%).

[0073] as a result of: Test results may be falsely high (drift) or falsely low (adsorption / degradation) and may not represent the water quality of the entire field.

[0074] 2. Water inlet; Interference factors: Dilution effect: Newly injected water reduces the pesticide concentration to only 10-50% of the field average.

[0075] Temperature stratification: Cold water sinks to form a low-temperature zone, and the degradation rate of pesticides decreases (for example, the degradation of organophosphorus at 15°C is 60% slower than at 25°C).

[0076] Sediment disturbance: Water impact causes the sediment to release adsorbed pesticides (especially organochlorines), resulting in an instantaneous increase in concentration.

[0077] as a result of: The data are heavily distorted and may underestimate the actual residual concentration (dilution) or give abnormally high values (sediment release).

[0078] 3. Water outlet; Interference factors: Pollutant enrichment: Pesticide particles discharged with water flow gather here, and the concentration can reach 2 to 8 times the average value of the field (especially fat-soluble pesticides such as pyrethroids).

[0079] Bioaccumulation effect: Filter-feeding organisms (such as snails) are common at water outlets, and their secretions adsorb pesticides to form colloidal clusters.

[0080] Oil film interference: Pesticide emulsion formulations tend to form oil films on the water surface, interfering with instrument detection (especially spectrophotometry).

[0081] as a result of: The test results are significantly higher than the true values, and there is a great risk of misjudging them as exceeding the standard.

[0082] 4. Areas with dense aquatic plants; Interference factors: Bioaccumulation: The concentration of pesticides adsorbed on the leaves of aquatic plants can reach 50 to 200 times that of the water body (for example, the enrichment coefficient of atrazine in submerged plants is 172).

[0083] Anoxic environment: Dissolved oxygen under dense aquatic plants is less than 2 mg / L, which inhibits the degradation of pesticides by aerobic microorganisms (for example, the degradation rate of carbamates decreases by 70%).

[0084] Abnormal pH: The photosynthesis of aquatic plants causes the local pH to rise to 8.5~9.2, accelerating alkaline hydrolysis (for example, the hydrolysis rate of organic phosphorus at pH=9 is 100 times faster than that at neutral).

[0085] as a result of: The detected values deviate seriously from the actual pesticide concentrations in open water bodies.

[0086] 5. Areas with sparse aquatic plants; Interference factors: Direct UV radiation: Without vegetation blocking the view, the photolysis rate increases by 30-150% (for example, the DT of fipronil is shortened from 35 days to 12 days under sunlight).

[0087] Sediment resuspension: Lacking roots to consolidate the sediment, the bottom sediment is easily disturbed, releasing adsorbed pesticides.

[0088] Temperature fluctuations: The temperature difference between day and night is 4~8℃ larger than that in vegetation-covered areas, which affects the stability of pesticides (for example, the hydrolysis rate of imidacloprid at 35℃ is 3 times faster than that at 25℃).

[0089] as a result of: The data cannot reflect the general environmental conditions in the fields and especially underestimate the residues of photosensitive pesticides.

[0090] Therefore, this scheme can improve the accuracy of sampling samples by excluding the above areas.

[0091] The water sampling device in the present invention is an automated intelligent water sampling device, specifically comprising: a second drone, controller, and water collector; The water collector is fixed on the second UAV and is used to sample water in the terraced fields to obtain sample water; the water collector is connected to the fuselage or landing gear of the second UAV through a bracket or a fixing frame or other fixing or connecting methods. The sampling principle of the water sampling equipment is to send it to the second UAV after the previous sampling path is determined. The second UAV carries the water collector and flies along the sampling path. Every time it flies over a sampling point, the second UAV switches to a hovering state, and then the water collector is turned on for sampling based on the control of the controller. After the sampling is complete, the water collector is turned off, and then the second UAV flies to the next sampling point to perform the same sampling operation. The control and flight of the UAV belong to the existing technology in the field of UAVs, and the embodiments of the present invention will not be described accordingly.

[0092] The water collector includes: a water pump, a water pumping pipe, a water pipe, a water storage and a water valve. The water storage is connected to the water pump through a water pipe. A water valve is provided on the water pipe. The controller can control the opening and closing of the water pump and the water valve. The water pumping pipe is connected to the water pump and is used to extend to the water in the terraced fields to pump water into the water storage for storage. The water pumping pipe includes: an electric telescopic rod and a soft water pipe. One end of the soft water pipe is connected to the water outlet of the water pump, and the other end of the soft water pipe is fixed to the front end of the electric telescopic rod and connected to the filter port. A filter port is installed to reduce the influence and blockage of impurities. Since the sample collection is carried out by drone flight, it can be collected during the collection process. It may shake. If a single hose is used, the collection end of the front end of the hose may be displaced, drifted or floated due to shaking and wind, resulting in the final sampling point being offset, resulting in inaccurate sample collection. Therefore, the present invention has made design improvements and uses an electric telescopic rod and a soft water pipe. When not collecting samples, the electric telescopic rod is retracted, driving the hose to retract, reducing interference with the flight of the drone. When collecting samples, it is extended, and the accurate extension direction of the electric telescopic rod along its rod body is utilized to ensure that the final sampling point of the hose is the position of the front end of the electric telescopic rod, thereby achieving accurate positioning and sampling of the sampling point.

[0093] Among them, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water sampling equipment. Figure 2 1 is the fuselage of the second UAV, 2 is the landing gear connected to the fuselage, and in the present invention, it is preferred that the landing gear is higher or the landing gear is improved, such as raising the landing gear so that the fuselage is higher from the ground, so that there is more space between the fuselage and the ground to install the water collector, wherein the water storage 3 is fixed to the middle of the bottom of the fuselage, the water pump 4 is fixed on the water storage 3, one end of the electric telescopic rod 5 is fixedly connected to the water storage 3, and the other end extends downward to be connected to the filter port 6. Since the water pipe in the present invention needs to be extended and shortened with the electric telescopic rod, the present invention also includes a water pipe storage 7 for storing The water pipe 8 meets the storage and stretching requirements of the water pipe 8. The water pipe storage can be a roller with a groove for embedding the water pipe. The roller can be connected to the rod body of the electric telescopic rod through a corresponding fixing part or mounting part or mounting shaft. When the electric telescopic rod is extended, the water pipe can be pulled out of the water pipe storage. When the electric telescopic rod is shortened, the water pipe is retracted into the water pipe storage. The water pipe storage can be provided with a corresponding return spring so that the water pipe can be automatically retracted after the electric telescopic rod is retracted, that is, a water pipe storage device with automatic retraction. This device is an existing device and will not be described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0094] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0095] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. An intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage, characterized in that: The system comprises: Photovoltaic unit, used to provide power to system electrical equipment based on photovoltaic power generation, and to store and manage the power; A water lifting unit is used to lift irrigation water from the water source to a reservoir at the top of the pre-set hillside rice planting area; an irrigation unit for drawing water from a reservoir to irrigate a group of terraces in a predetermined hillside rice planting area, wherein the predetermined hillside rice planting area comprises a plurality of terrace layers distributed along the height of the hillside, each terrace layer comprising a plurality of mutually isolated terraces; each terrace being connected to each terrace in an adjacent upper terrace layer via an independent water transmission device; A detection unit is used to detect each terrace in the terrace group, obtain water content information, pesticide residue information in water and landslide risk information of each terrace, and obtain detection results; A classification unit is used to classify each terrace based on the detection results to obtain a type classification result for each terrace; The control unit is used to control the opening and closing of the water transmission equipment connected to the terrace based on the type classification result of each terrace.

2. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The classification categories of terraces include: water-supply terraces, water-demanding terraces and non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces; the control unit is used to open the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-demanding terraces, and close the water transmission equipment connecting the water-supply terraces and the water-supply terraces, the water-supply terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the water-demanding terraces, the water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces, and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces and the non-water-supply and non-water-demanding terraces.

3. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The classification of each terrace based on the detection results specifically includes: First, the landslide risk of the terrace is determined. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is high, the terrace and the terraces adjacent to the terrace in the lower terrace layer are determined to be water supply terraces. If the landslide risk information of the terrace is low risk, then the water content information of the terrace is determined: if the water content information of the terrace is lower than the first water content threshold, the terrace is determined to be a water-demanding terrace; if the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first water content threshold and less than the second water content threshold, the terrace is determined to be a non-water-supplying and non-water-demanding terrace; If the water content information of the terrace is greater than or equal to the second water content threshold, then the size of the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is determined: if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is less than the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a water supply terrace; if the pesticide residue information in the water of the terrace is greater than or equal to the first pesticide residue threshold, then the terrace is determined to be a non-water supply and non-water demand terrace.

4. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection unit is also used to detect the water temperature in the water reservoir and obtain a water temperature detection result; the system also includes a heating unit, which is used to heat the water flowing out of the water reservoir; the control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the heating unit based on the water temperature detection result.

5. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system also includes a drainage unit, which includes several drainage modules corresponding to the terraces one by one. The drainage modules are used to drain water in the corresponding terraces to a drainage channel isolated from the terrace group. The control unit is also used to control the opening and closing of the drainage modules based on the detection results.

6. The intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting based on photovoltaics and energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The detection unit obtains information on pesticide residues in water in terraced fields in the following manner: Obtaining real-time monitoring images of the terraced fields; Identify the drone spraying behavior in real-time monitoring images to determine whether there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring images; If there is drone spraying behavior in the real-time monitoring image, a connection is established with the first drone involved in the spraying to obtain the spraying information stored in the first drone; Obtaining a sampling time of sample water corresponding to the terraced field based on the pesticide application information; Sample water is obtained by sampling based on the sampling time and sampling frequency. The sample water is tested for pesticide residues to obtain information on pesticide residues in the water of the terraced fields.

7. The photovoltaic and energy storage-based intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The drug administration information includes: drug name, dosage and administration method; The sampling time of the sample water corresponding to the terraced field is obtained based on the pesticide application information and weather data.

8. The photovoltaic and energy storage-based intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The sample water is obtained as follows: Acquiring a first image of the terraced field to be sampled, and analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image; Randomly select a preset number of sampleable points from a number of sampleable points as determined sampling points; The sampling path is obtained according to the coordinate information of all the determined sampling points; The water sampling equipment obtains samples at each determined sampling point according to the sampling path, and obtains sample water by summarizing the samples corresponding to all the determined sampling points.

9. The photovoltaic and energy storage-based intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of analyzing the first image to obtain a plurality of sampleable points in the first image is specifically as follows: Analyze the first image using a sampleable point recognition model to obtain a sampleable area in the first image; Select and obtain a number of sampleable points from the sampleable area; The method for obtaining the sampleable point identification model is as follows: Collecting a number of images of terraced fields planted with rice to obtain a second image set; Annotate each image in the second image set, mark the sampleable area in the image, and obtain a training set; An AI recognition model is trained based on the training set to obtain a sampleable point recognition model.

10. The photovoltaic and energy storage-based intelligent and efficient water-lifting irrigation system for rice planting according to claim 9, characterized in that: Use the automatic annotation module to automatically annotate each image in the second image set and mark the sampleable areas in the image, specifically including: The automatic annotation module identifies the terrace borders, rice plants, aquatic plants, water inlets and outlets of the terraces in the image; Setting an area in the terrace that is farther from the terrace border than a first preset distance as a first area; Determine whether a first circular area with a first fixed value as the radius and a center point of the terraced field overlaps with the first area; if so, remove the overlapping area between the first circular area and the first area from the first area to obtain a second area; if not, directly obtain the second area based on the first area; Determine whether a second circular area with a radius of a first fixed value and a center at the water outlet of the terrace overlaps with the first area. If so, remove the overlapping area between the second circular area and the first area from the first area to obtain a third area. If not, directly obtain the third area based on the first area. obtaining a fourth area based on an overlapping area between the second area and the third area; Evenly divide the fourth area into several sub-areas and calculate the aquatic plant coverage density of each sub-area; The sub-area where the aquatic plant coverage density is greater than the first density threshold and less than the second density threshold is set as the pending area; The area covered by rice and aquatic plants in the area to be determined is removed to obtain the sampling area; Mark the obtained sampleable area.

Images