Apple tree fruit thinning agent and application thereof
By using apple tree fruit-slipping agent with a ratio of ammonium nitrate, magnesium salt and magnesium silicate minerals, the problems of agglomeration and poor solubility caused by excessive calcium content of traditional fruit-slipping agents are solved, the fruit-setting rate and quality of apples are improved, and efficient fruit-slipping and quality improvement are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510589272.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Excessive calcium content in traditional fruit-relieving agents leads to agglomeration and poor solubility, affecting the quality and fruit-setting rate of apples, and low artificial fruit-relieving efficiency.
The ratio of ammonium nitrate, magnesium salt and magnesium silicate minerals (such as talc powder) is used to prepare apple tree fruit-sparing agents to reduce calcium content and improve solubility. The nutritional distribution of the tree is adjusted through the combination of magnesium salt and magnesium silicate minerals to improve fruit setting rate and apple quality.
It improves the fruit-sparing effect, improves the single fruit rate, single fruit weight, soluble solid content and titable acid content of apples, reduces the titable acid content, reduces the impact of low-temperature freezing damage on fruit setting, and saves labor.
Smart Images
Figure CN120477206A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of apple planting, and particularly relates to an apple tree fruit thinning agent and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Apple fruit thinning is an important fruit management technology that aims to remove some young apple fruits through manual intervention, thereby optimizing the growth environment and nutrient supply of the remaining fruits, and ultimately improving the overall quality and yield of apples. Traditional manual fruit thinning methods require a lot of manpower, are inefficient, and are easily affected by human factors. In order to improve the effect of fruit thinning, the existing technology usually uses fruit thinning agents for fruit thinning, and the commonly used fruit thinning agent is calcium formate. However, the calcium content in calcium formate is relatively high, reaching 30%, and the excessively high calcium content is very susceptible to moisture and agglomeration during use, making it difficult to dissolve in subsequent use. Spraying it on fruit trees is prone to fruit rust, which seriously affects the quality of apples, reduces the fruit set rate, and causes poor fruit thinning effects. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an apple tree fruit thinning agent and its application, which can effectively improve the fruit thinning effect, increase the fruit setting rate and apple quality.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows.
[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides an apple tree fruit thinning agent, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 to 75 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 10 to 15 parts of magnesium salt, and 5 to 10 parts of magnesium silicate mineral.
[0006] The present invention uses calcium ammonium nitrate with a calcium content of 18%, which can not only effectively reduce the occurrence of agglomeration problems and improve solubility, but also provide nitrogen, effectively avoiding damage to apples caused by low temperature frost damage, thereby further improving the fruit thinning effect. Furthermore, through the mutual cooperation of magnesium salts and magnesium silicate minerals, the quality of apples can be further improved and the fruit setting rate can be increased.
[0007] In another preferred embodiment, the magnesium silicate mineral is talc, and the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate.
[0008] In another preferred embodiment, the particle size of the apple tree fruit thinning agent is 500 mesh to 600 mesh.
[0009] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the apple tree fruit thinning agent in improving the quality of apples.
[0010] In another preferred embodiment, the apple quality refers to improving the single fruit rate, single fruit weight, fruit firmness and nutrient content of apples.
[0011] In another preferred embodiment, the nutrients are soluble solids and titratable acids.
[0012] In another preferred embodiment, the method for applying the fruit thinning agent for apple trees comprises the following steps:
[0013] The apple tree fruit thinning agent is diluted 300 to 400 times with water and then sprayed after the apples bloom.
[0014] In another preferred embodiment, the post-apple flowering period refers to 10 to 12 days after the peak flowering period of the apple, that is, the central fruit diameter is 3 mm to 4 mm.
[0015] In another preferred embodiment, the spraying frequency is 1 to 2 times, and the spraying volume each time is 60L / mu to 70L / mu. Among them, Gala and Marshal, which are easy to thin out, are sprayed only once, while Fuji, Daphne Red, Ruixue, and Qincui, which are difficult to thin out, are sprayed twice, with an interval of 5 to 7 days between the two times.
[0016] In another preferred embodiment, the spraying sequence is as follows: spray the upper part of the tree crown first, and then spray the lower part of the tree crown;
[0017] When spraying the upper and lower parts of the crown, spray in the order of the inner part of the crown first and then the outer part of the crown.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] The apple tree fruit thinning agent of the present invention is prepared by 70-75 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 10-15 parts of magnesium salt, and 5-10 parts of magnesium silicate mineral in parts by weight. The calcium content of the calcium ammonium nitrate is 18%, which is low in cost, commercial fertilizer, small in particle size, and good in solubility. In addition, the nitrogen content of the calcium ammonium nitrate is 20%, which has little effect on fruit setting when encountering low temperature frost damage, thereby effectively improving the fruit thinning effect. By controlling the 10-15 parts of magnesium salt and the 5-10 parts of magnesium silicate mineral, the mutual repulsion caused by calcium and magnesium being positively charged ions can be effectively avoided, thereby further improving the fruit thinning effect. In addition, under the mutual cooperation of magnesium salt and magnesium silicate mineral, the fruit setting rate of apple trees can be increased and the nutrient distribution of the tree body can be adjusted, so that more nutrients are transported to and accumulated in the fruit, which is conducive to the better development and growth of the fruit left after the fruit thinning, thereby further improving the nutritional value of apples. The apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention effectively avoids the problem of apple yield reduction and poor nitrogen fertilizer absorption caused by excessively high calcium content, which in turn causes the apple fruits to become smaller.
[0020] The apple tree fruit thinning agent of the present invention has a broad spectrum of efficacy and exhibits favorable effects on both Fuji and Gala apples, increasing the single-fruit rate of Fuji apples from 27.6% to 42.9% and that of Gala apples from 34.4% to 54.2%. It also effectively improves apple quality, increasing single-fruit weight, increasing soluble solids content, and reducing titratable acid content. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 The figure is a fruit thinning effect diagram of the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 2 This is a fruit thinning effect diagram without using the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following will be combined with the specific implementation of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods. The materials and reagents used are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
[0025] In the prior art, apple thinning is typically done manually or with a thinning agent. Manual thinning is inefficient and susceptible to human influence, so thinning agents have become the primary method for thinning apples. A commonly used thinning agent is calcium formate. However, calcium formate contains an excessively high calcium content, reaching 30%. This excessive calcium content makes it susceptible to moisture and caking during use, resulting in poor solubility. This can easily cause rust on the fruit trees during subsequent spraying, which not only fails to achieve the desired thinning effect but also affects the quality of the apples.
[0026] The present invention selects calcium ammonium nitrate, which not only reduces the calcium content and avoids problems such as moisture and agglomeration caused by excessively high calcium content, but also the nitrogen in the calcium ammonium nitrate can reduce the influence of low-temperature frost damage on apple fruit setting. In addition, with the synergistic cooperation of magnesium salts and magnesium silicate minerals, the present invention can further improve the fruit setting rate of apple trees and regulate the nutrient distribution of the trees, so that more nutrients are transported to and accumulated in the fruits, which is beneficial to the better development and growth of the fruits left after fruit thinning, and effectively improves the quality of the apples.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] A fruit thinning agent for apple trees, characterized in that, calculated by weight, the fruit thinning agent for apple trees is prepared from the following raw materials: 70 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, and 5 parts of talc.
[0029] The apple tree fruit thinning agent is obtained by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and talcum powder and grinding the mixture into 500 meshes.
[0030] Example 2
[0031] A fruit thinning agent for apple trees, characterized in that, calculated by weight, the fruit thinning agent for apple trees is prepared from the following raw materials: 65 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, and 5 parts of talc.
[0032] The apple tree fruit thinning agent is obtained by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and talcum powder and grinding the mixture into 600 meshes.
[0033] Example 3
[0034] A fruit thinning agent for apple trees, characterized in that, calculated by weight, the fruit thinning agent for apple trees is prepared from the following raw materials: 65 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 18 parts of magnesium sulfate, and 5 parts of talc.
[0035] The apple tree fruit thinning agent is obtained by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and talcum powder and grinding the mixture into 500 meshes.
[0036] To illustrate the effectiveness of the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention, the following experiments were conducted. Because flower and fruit thinning are performed simultaneously, hormones were added to the apple fruit thinning agent to perform both flower and fruit thinning simultaneously. Furthermore, the effect of the hormone addition on the apple fruit thinning agent was compared. The specific spraying process is shown in Table 1. Since Examples 1 to 3 all produced apple fruit thinning agents with comparable effectiveness, the apple fruit thinning agent of Example 1 was used in the following experiments.
[0037] The experiment was conducted from April to November 2015 at the Qianyang Apple Experimental and Demonstration Station of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University in Nanzhai Town, Qianyang County, Shaanxi Province. The test trees were four-year-old dwarf orchard trees, M9-T337 / Changfu 2, with a 2m × 4m spacing. They had a tall, spindle-shaped form, moderate vigor, good management, moderate flowering, and no uneven bearing.
[0038] Nine treatments were designed, as detailed in Table 1. Each individual tree plot was replicated three times. Applications were made at 8:00 AM, with the upper canopy applied first, followed by the lower canopy, and then the inner canopy, followed by the outer canopy. Care was taken to spray the center of the flowers, ensuring a uniform mist without droplets. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0039] Table 1 Apple tree fruit thinning agent spraying
[0040]
[0041]
[0042] Note: " / " indicates that the item is not included, wherein the solvent used for dilution is clean water, wherein clean water refers to tap water and feed water. In this embodiment, tap water is used, and CK indicates the control group.
[0043] Table 2 Effects of flower and fruit thinning on Fuji apples
[0044]
[0045] Note: Empty stands refer to the number of fruits set being 0. Empty stand rate refers to the proportion of inflorescences with 0 fruits among the inflorescences surveyed. Inflorescence refers to the inflorescence after a flower bud blooms.
[0046] Table 3 Effects of flower and fruit thinning on Gala apples
[0047]
[0048] The test results in Tables 2 and 3 demonstrate that the apple fruit thinning agent exhibits significant effects on both Gala and Fuji apples. The single-fruit rate in the Fuji-treated group was 42.9%, compared to 27.6% in the control group. The single-fruit rate in the Gala-treated group was 54.2%, compared to 34.4% in the control group. Furthermore, the use of different hormone combinations had no effect on apple fruit set, demonstrating the broad-spectrum efficacy of the apple fruit thinning agent described herein.
[0049] Table 4 Effects on Fuji apple fruit quality
[0050]
[0051] As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention can increase the weight of single Fuji apple fruit by 0.8g / piece to 36.7g / piece compared with the control group, which is 0.4% to 19.8% higher than the control group; the fruit shape index is increased by 1.2% to 3.6% compared with the control group, the smoothness is increased by 5.5% to 27.8%, the fruit color is increased by 0.5% to 20.1%, the fruit soluble matter is increased by 0.8% to 11.9%, and the soluble solids are increased by 0.6% to 5.4%.
[0052] From the above results, it can be seen that the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention is tested on different apple varieties in a reasonable treatment design and obtains good results.
[0053] In order to illustrate the effect of the apple fruit thinning agent of the present invention on long-term apple cultivation, the following experiment was conducted.
[0054] More than ten counties in apple-producing areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected to investigate the effects of apple fruit thinning agents. The details are as follows.
[0055] Four-year use effect in Fuping: Qianrenbao Village, Xue Town, Fuping County, started using the apple tree fruit thinning agent in Example 1 of the present invention in 2019, spraying Pink Lady and Gala respectively, and calculating the fruit set rate for four consecutive years after spraying. The results are shown in Table 5. The specific spraying conditions each year are as follows:
[0056] In early April each year, when the central flowers of the Pink Lady are 50% open, the apple tree fruit thinning agent of Example 1 of the present invention diluted 1000 times is sprayed once, with a spraying amount of 70 L / mu.
[0057] Every year in early April, on the fifth day after the center of Gala flowers bloom, spray the apple tree fruit thinning agent of Example 1 of the present invention diluted 400 times once, with a spraying amount of 70 L / mu.
[0058] Table 5 Effect of apples in Fuping County
[0059]
[0060] As can be seen from the results in Table 5, after spraying the apple tree fruit thinning agent, the single fruit rate of Pink Lady was 69.2% to 81.5% over the four-year period, the double fruit rate was 9.2% to 12.2%, and the rate of three or more fruits was 9.3% to 18.6%. The single fruit rate of Gala was 75.4% to 81.3% over the four-year period, the double fruit rate was 8.9% to 11.6%, and the rate of three or more fruits was 7.1% to 13.1%. From these results, it can be seen that the single fruit rate of Laga and Pink Lady was high, and significantly higher than the double fruit rate and the rate of three or more fruits. This shows that the apple tree fruit thinning agent of the present invention can effectively increase the single fruit rate and has a good fruit thinning effect on different apple varieties.
[0061] The investigation on the experimental results in Luochuan County, Shaanxi Province is as follows.
[0062] At the Luochuan County Science and Technology Experimental Base, the orchard had its initial flowering period on April 19. On April 25, the fifth and 11th days after the central flowering, the apple tree fruit thinning agent of Example 1, diluted 400 times, was sprayed once. The control group was set with no spraying. The inflorescence fruit setting rate, empty station rate, single fruit rate, double fruit rate, and multiple fruit rate were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0063] Table 6 Luochuan County Science and Technology Experimental Base
[0064]
[0065] As can be seen from Table 6, the inflorescence fruit setting rate of the apple tree fruit thinning agent is 44.7%, and the control is 75.8%, which is 41% lower than the control; the empty plant rate of the apple tree fruit thinning agent is 66.3%, and the control is 24.2%, which is 128.5% higher than the control; the single fruit rate of the apple tree fruit thinning agent is 47.8%, and the control is 18.1%, which is 164.1% more than the control. It can be seen that the inflorescence fruit setting rate of the apple tree fruit thinning agent in Example 1 of the present invention is low, the empty plant rate is high, and the single fruit rate is high, indicating that the apple tree fruit thinning agent in the present invention can achieve the effect of fruit thinning, thereby greatly reducing manual fruit thinning and effectively saving labor. The effect of using the apple fruit thinning agent in the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the unused Figure 2 shown.
[0066] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. An apple tree fruit thinning agent, characterized in that: The apple tree fruit thinning agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 to 75 parts of calcium ammonium nitrate, 10 to 15 parts of magnesium salt, and 5 to 10 parts of magnesium silicate mineral.
2. The apple tree fruit thinning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The magnesium silicate mineral is talc, and the magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate.
3. The apple tree fruit thinning agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the apple tree fruit thinning agent is 500 meshes to 600 meshes.
4. Use of the apple fruit thinning agent according to claim 1 in improving apple quality.
5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The apple quality refers to improving the single fruit rate, single fruit weight, fruit hardness and nutrient content of apples.
6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The application method of the apple tree fruit thinning agent comprises the following steps: The apple tree fruit thinning agent is diluted 300 to 400 times with water and then sprayed after the apples bloom.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The "after apple blossoms" refers to 10 to 12 days after the peak flowering period of apples.
8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The number of spraying is 1 to 2 times, and the spraying amount each time is 60 L / mu to 70 L / mu.
9. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that The spraying order is as follows: spray the upper part of the tree crown first, and then spray the lower part of the tree crown; When spraying the upper and lower parts of the crown, spray in the order of the inner part of the crown first and then the outer part of the crown.