Coarse feed composition for improving rumen health of calves before weaning and feeding method of coarse feed composition
Through the rough feed combination composed of alfalfa, oats, soybean straw and other ingredients, the problem of unbalanced nutrition of calves feed formula is solved, the rumen health and growth performance of calves is improved, and the risk of disease is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510769183.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
AI Technical Summary
The existing calves feed formulas have problems such as unbalanced nutrition and difficult to digest and absorb, which leads to poor growth performance of calves, affecting their production performance and health after breeding, and increasing the incidence of disease.
The rough feed combination consisting of alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palm fatty acid and other ingredients is used to improve the health of calves' rumen, stabilize the pH value, increase the propionate concentration, optimize the E-Cpr ratio, and promote sugar metabolism and energy supply.
Significantly improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves, improve the growth performance and health level of calves, and reduce the risk of disease.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and a feeding method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In the livestock industry, calf care is crucial. In the early stages of life, calves' digestive systems, particularly the rumen, are not yet fully developed. Digestion and absorption of milk and solid feed primarily relies on the abomasum, a significant difference from adult cattle, which rely primarily on the rumen for microbial digestion. Consequently, feeding methods and formulas vary. From birth to weaning, calves are in the initial stages of growth and development and require specially formulated feeds to meet their growth and development needs. These feeds must be high in energy, protein, and rich in vitamins and minerals, while also being easily digestible. However, existing calf feed formulas often suffer from nutritional imbalances and poor digestibility, failing to fully meet the needs of calves at this specific stage of growth. These shortcomings can lead to poor growth performance, impacting calves' productivity and health during rearing and lactation, and even increasing the incidence of disease.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a feed and a feeding method thereof for improving the growth performance of calves before weaning. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and a feeding method thereof, which belongs to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the present invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palmitic fatty acid, corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, soybean cake, DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves of the present invention can effectively improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves through the mutual coordination and synergistic effect of the three roughages of alfalfa, oats, and soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palmitic fatty acid. Compared with the existing pre-weaned calf feed, the roughage combination can stabilize the pH of the rumen of the calf, increase the propionic acid concentration, optimize the ethyl-propylene ratio, and better promote sugar metabolism and energy supply. The roughage combination formula of the present invention can significantly improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and has excellent application prospects.
[0005] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the following technical solutions are adopted: A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves comprises: alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palm fatty acid, corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, soybean cake, DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride.
[0006] Furthermore, the roughage combination comprises 4.5%-5.5% alfalfa, 2.5%-3.5% oats, 1.5%-2.5% soybean straw, 0.2%-0.4% magnesium oxide, 0.05%-0.15% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.05%-0.15% taurine, 0.8%-1.2% palm fatty acid, 48%-52% corn, 11%-13% barley, 4.0%-5.0% cottonseed meal, 9%-11% soybean meal, 4.0%-5.0% soybean cake, 4.0%-5.0% DDGS, 0.8%-1.2% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 0.8%-1.2% sodium chloride.
[0007] Furthermore, the roughage combination comprises the following proportions by dry matter mass: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0008] Furthermore, the premix contains 500,000 IU of vitamin A, 11,000 IU of vitamin D3, 1,600 IU of vitamin E, 7.5 g of zinc, 2.5 g of manganese, 0.02 g of cobalt, 0.03 g of iodine, 0.7 g of copper, 150 g of calcium, 25 g of phosphorus, 25 g of magnesium, and 1 g of antioxidant per kilogram, and the rest is carrier talc.
[0009] Furthermore, the oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the soybean straw is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.
[0010] Furthermore, the corn has a DM content of 86.00%, a CF content of 2.60%, a CP content of 8.50%, an ADF content of 3.50%, and an NDF content of 9.40%. The barley has a DM content of 87.00%, a CF content of 2.00%, a CP content of 13.00%, an ADF content of 2.20%, and an NDF content of 10.00%. The cottonseed meal has a DM content of 90.00%, a CF content of 10.20%, a CP content of 47.00%, an ADF content of 15.30%, and an NDF content of 22.50%. The soybean meal has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 5.90%, a CP content of 44.20%, an ADF content of 9.60%, and an NDF content of 13.60%. The soybean cake has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 4.80%, a CP content of 41.80%, an ADF content of 15.50%, and an NDF content of 18.10%.
[0011] A method for processing a roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves comprises the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio and pour them into a grinder for thorough grinding to obtain a mixture A; pour the mixture A into a blender and stir, add DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palmitic acid to the mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes to obtain a mixture B; Step S2: cutting oat hay, alfalfa, and soybean straw into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.
[0012] A method of feeding a roughage combination to improve rumen health in pre-weaned calves comprising: Female Holstein calves were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and fed 4-6 liters of colostrum within 1-12 hours after birth. Selected calves were housed individually from day 2 onwards with free access to the roughage combination and water. A bucket of the roughage combination was hung inside the cage, while two additional buckets of water and milk were hung outside and in front of the cage, respectively. The bedding was sand and replenished every two weeks. From day 2 to day 56, the calves were fed milk once a day at 8:00 and 16:00, 6 liters a day from day 2 to day 14, 8 liters a day from day 15 to day 42, 6 liters a day from day 43 to day 49, and then 4 liters a day until weaning on day 56. The calves consumed the roughage combination solid feed throughout the entire nursing period from day 2 to day 56. The roughage combination is any one of the above-mentioned roughage combinations for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves or the roughage combination prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.
[0013] Furthermore, the initial body weight of the calf was 38.2 ± 2.1 kg.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The invention discloses a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and a feeding method thereof, and belongs to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palm fatty acid, corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, soybean cake, DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves of the invention achieves synergistic effect through the mutual coordination of three roughages of alfalfa, oats, and soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palm fatty acid, and can effectively improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves. Compared with the existing pre-weaned calf feed, the roughage combination can stabilize the pH of the rumen of the calf, increase the propionic acid concentration, optimize the ethyl-propylene ratio, and better promote sugar metabolism and energy supply. The roughage combination formula of the invention can significantly improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and has excellent application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0016] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
[0017] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.
[0018] Example 1: The present embodiment relates to a method for processing a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio and pour them into a grinder for thorough grinding to obtain a mixture A; pour the mixture A into a blender and stir, add DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palmitic acid to the mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes to obtain a mixture B; Step S2: cutting oat hay, alfalfa, and soybean straw into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.
[0019] According to the standard of calf initial weight of 38.2 ± 2.1 kg, 120 calves were selected and evenly divided into 12 treatment groups, with 10 calves in each group; The feed formula of experimental group 1 was as follows: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0020] The feed formula of control group 1 was: 8% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0021] The feed formula of the control group 2 was: 8% alfalfa, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0022] The feed formula of the control group 3 was: alfalfa 6%, oat 4%, magnesium oxide 0.3%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, taurine 0.1%, palm fatty acid 1%, corn 50%, barley 12%, cottonseed meal 4.5%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 4.5%, DDGS 4.5%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, and sodium chloride 1%.
[0023] The feed formula of the four control groups was: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.2% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.2% taurine, 1.1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0024] The feed formula of the control group 5 was: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.2% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0025] The feed formula of the six control groups was: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.2% α-ketoglutaric acid, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0026] The control group 7 was fed with the following feed formula: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.5% magnesium oxide, 0.5% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.5% taurine, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0027] The control group 8 were fed with the following feed formula: 4% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.5% magnesium oxide, 0.5% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.4% taurine, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0028] The control group 9 were fed with the following feed formula: 8% alfalfa, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.2% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0029] The feed formula of the control group 10 was: alfalfa 6%, oats 4%, magnesium oxide 0.3%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.2%, palm fatty acid 1%, corn 50%, barley 12%, cottonseed meal 4.5%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 4.5%, DDGS 4.5%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, and sodium chloride 1%.
[0030] The feed formula of the control group 11 was: 8% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.2% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.2% taurine, 1.1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
[0031] The premix is a mixture of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E and trace elements; each kilogram contains 500,000 IU of vitamin A; 11,000 IU of vitamin D3; 1,600 IU of vitamin E; 7.5 g of zinc (Zn); 2.5 g of manganese (Mn); 0.02 g of cobalt (Co); 0.03 g of iodine (I); 0.7 g of copper (Cu); 150 g of calcium (Ca); 25 g of phosphorus (P); 25 g of magnesium (Mg); 1 g of antioxidant, and the rest is carrier talc.
[0032] The oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the soybean straw is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.
[0033] The corn has a DM content of 86.00%, a CF content of 2.60%, a CP content of 8.50%, an ADF content of 3.50%, and an NDF content of 9.40%. The barley has a DM content of 87.00%, a CF content of 2.00%, a CP content of 13.00%, an ADF content of 2.20%, and an NDF content of 10.00%. The cottonseed meal has a DM content of 90.00%, a CF content of 10.20%, a CP content of 47.00%, an ADF content of 15.30%, and an NDF content of 22.50%. The soybean meal has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 5.90%, a CP content of 44.20%, an ADF content of 9.60%, and an NDF content of 13.60%. The soybean cake has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 4.80%, a CP content of 41.80%, an ADF content of 15.50%, and an NDF content of 18.10%. The feed formula for treatment 1 is shown in Table 1.
[0034] Feeding method: Female Holstein calves were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and fed 4 liters of colostrum within 1 hour of birth. Selected calves were housed individually from day 2 onwards with free access to the roughage and solid feed combination and water. Buckets of the roughage and solid feed combination were hung inside the cages, while two buckets of water and milk were hung outside and in front of the cages, respectively. Bedding was sand and replenished every two weeks. From day 2 to day 56, calves were fed milk once a day at 8:00 and once a day at 16:00, 6 liters a day from day 2 to day 14, 8 liters a day from day 15 to day 42, 6 liters a day from day 43 to day 49, and then 4 liters a day until weaning on day 56. Throughout the nursing period from day 2 to day 56, calves consumed the roughage formula of the various treatment groups. Table 1 Feed formula for test group 1
[0035] Index determination: 1. Rumen pH: Gastric fluid samples (approximately 150 ml) were collected via gastric tube using a manual vacuum pump at 2:00 PM on day 56 (±30 minutes; 4 hours after the start of feeding) and filtered through four layers of cheesecloth. To prevent saliva and cross-contamination, the first 100 ml of each sample was discarded, and the gastric tube was rinsed with warm water between collections. Rumen pH was measured immediately after sampling using a CP-104 pH meter (Elmentron). The average rumen pH for each group was calculated based on the number of calves in each group.
[0036] 2. Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration: Gastric fluid samples (approximately 150 ml) were collected via gastric tube using a manual vacuum pump at 2:00 PM on day 56 (±30 minutes; 4 hours after the start of feeding) and filtered through four layers of cheesecloth. To prevent saliva and cross-contamination, the first 100 ml of each sample was discarded, and the gastric tube was rinsed with warm water between collections. After sampling, the samples were centrifuged, acidified, and stabilized. The supernatant was filtered and analyzed by conventional gas chromatography. The concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid, as well as the ethyl:propionic acid ratio, were calculated for each sample.
[0037] The average rumen pH values of treatment 1 to control group 11 are shown in Table 2; The average daily dry matter intake ratio of treatment group 1 to control group 11 is shown in Table 3.
[0038] Table 2 Average rumen pH values of treatment group 1 to control group 11
[0039] Table 3 Ethylene-propylene ratio of treatment group 1 to control group 11
[0040] It can be seen from the test group and the control group that according to the feed ratio of the present invention, the average rumen pH value of the calves in the test group is higher than that in the control group. The feed of this formula can better increase the propionic acid concentration and optimize the ethylene-propylene ratio in the rumen of the calves. When the other control groups lack one or more components, their average rumen pH and propionic acid concentration decrease, and the ethylene-propylene ratio is unbalanced. The feed formula of the present invention is indispensable. The three roughages of alfalfa, oats, and soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palm fatty acid cooperate with each other and synergistically enhance the effect, stabilize the rumen pH of calves, increase the propionic acid concentration, optimize the ethylene-propylene ratio, better promote sugar metabolism and energy supply, and effectively improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves.
[0041] In summary, the present invention discloses a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and a feeding method thereof, which belongs to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the present invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palmitic fatty acid, corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, soybean cake, DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves of the present invention can effectively improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves through the mutual coordination and synergistic effect of three kinds of roughage, namely alfalfa, oats, and soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palmitic fatty acid. Compared with the existing pre-weaned calf feed, the roughage combination can stabilize the pH of the rumen of the calf, increase the propionic acid concentration, optimize the ethyl-propylene ratio, and better promote sugar metabolism and energy supply. The roughage combination formula of the present invention can significantly improve the rumen health of pre-weaned calves and has excellent application prospects.
[0042] At this point, those skilled in the art will recognize that, although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the present invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims
1. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves, characterized in that: The roughage combination comprises: alfalfa, oats, soybean straw, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, palm fatty acid, corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, soybean cake, DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix and sodium chloride.
2. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The roughage combination is as follows in terms of dry matter mass: alfalfa 4.5%-5.5%, oats 2.5%-3.5%, soybean straw 1.5%-2.5%, magnesium oxide 0.2%-0.4%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.05%-0.15%, taurine 0.05%-0.15%, palm fatty acid 0.8%-1.2%, corn 48%-52%, barley 11%-13%, cottonseed meal 4.0%-5.0%, soybean meal 9%-11%, soybean cake 4.0%-5.0%, DDGS 4.0%-5.0%, calcium phosphate 0.8%-1.2%, premix 1%, and sodium chloride 0.8%-1.2%.
3. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The roughage combination is as follows in terms of dry matter mass: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 2% soybean straw, 0.3% magnesium oxide, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 0.1% taurine, 1% palm fatty acid, 50% corn, 12% barley, 4.5% cottonseed meal, 10% soybean meal, 4.5% soybean cake, 4.5% DDGS, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.
4. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The premix contains 500,000 IU of vitamin A, 11,000 IU of vitamin D3, 1,600 IU of vitamin E, 7.5 g of zinc, 2.5 g of manganese, 0.02 g of cobalt, 0.03 g of iodine, 0.7 g of copper, 150 g of calcium, 25 g of phosphorus, 25 g of magnesium, and 1 g of antioxidant per kilogram, and the rest is carrier talc.
5. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the soybean straw is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.
6. A roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The corn has a DM content of 86.00%, a CF content of 2.60%, a CP content of 8.50%, an ADF content of 3.50%, and an NDF content of 9.40%. The barley has a DM content of 87.00%, a CF content of 2.00%, a CP content of 13.00%, an ADF content of 2.20%, and an NDF content of 10.00%. The cottonseed meal has a DM content of 90.00%, a CF content of 10.20%, a CP content of 47.00%, an ADF content of 15.30%, and an NDF content of 22.50%. The soybean meal has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 5.90%, a CP content of 44.20%, an ADF content of 9.60%, and an NDF content of 13.60%. The soybean cake has a DM content of 89.00%, a CF content of 4.80%, a CP content of 41.80%, an ADF content of 15.50%, and an NDF content of 18.10%.
7. A method for processing a roughage combination for improving rumen health in pre-weaned calves according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio and pour them into a grinder for thorough grinding to obtain a mixture A; pour the mixture A into a blender and stir, add DDGS, calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, α-ketoglutaric acid, taurine, and palmitic acid to the mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes to obtain a mixture B; Step S2: cutting oat hay, alfalfa, and soybean straw into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.
8. A method for feeding a roughage combination to improve rumen health in pre-weaned calves, characterized in that: The feeding method comprises: Female Holstein calves were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and fed 4 to 6 liters of colostrum within 1 to 12 hours after birth. Selected calves were housed individually from day 2 onwards with free access to the roughage combination and water. A bucket of the roughage combination was hung inside the cage, and two other buckets of water and milk were hung outside and in front of the cage, respectively. The bedding was sand and replenished every two weeks. From day 2 to day 56, the calves were fed milk once a day at 8:00 and 16:00, 6 liters a day from day 2 to day 14, 8 liters a day from day 15 to day 42, 6 liters a day from day 43 to day 49, and then 4 liters a day until weaning on day 56. The calves consumed the roughage combination solid feed throughout the entire nursing period from day 2 to day 56. The roughage combination is the roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the roughage combination prepared according to claim 7.
9. The feeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that The initial body weight of the calves was 38.2 ± 2.1 kg.