Coarse feed composition for calves and application of coarse feed composition to improvement of growth performance before weaning

Abstract

The invention discloses a roughage composition for calves and application of the roughage composition to improvement of growth performance before weaning, and belongs to the field of animal husbandry, and the roughage composition is prepared from alfalfa, oat, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean cakes, calcium phosphate, premix and sodium chloride. According to the roughage composition capable of improving the growth performance of the calves before weaning, through mutual cooperation and synergistic interaction of four roughages including the alfalfa, the oat, the corn silage and the bagasse, the allicin, the attapulgite and the alpha-ketoglutaric acid, the growth performance of the calves before weaning can be effectively improved, and compared with an existing feed for the calves before weaning, the roughage composition has the advantages that the growth performance of the calves before weaning is improved; the average daily gain and the dry matter feed intake of the calves are greatly improved, and the coarse feed combination formula can significantly improve the growth performance of the calves before weaning and has an excellent application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, and in particular to a roughage combination for calves and an application thereof in improving growth performance before weaning. Background Art

[0002] Holstein cows are a major dairy breed widely cultivated worldwide and a core breed for my country's dairy industry. Their milk production directly impacts the economic benefits of the dairy industry. In large-scale dairy farming, calf rearing and nutritional management of adult lactating cows are key factors in determining profitability.

[0003] The calf stage is the foundation of Holstein cows' growth and development. During this period, the digestive system is not yet fully developed, and the demand for protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins is strict. Insufficient nutrition supply will lead to calves not meeting the weaning weight standard, low immunity, and even affect milk production performance in adulthood. Adult lactating cows have a sharp increase in nutrient demand during the peak lactation period, especially requiring efficiently absorbed energy, high-quality protein, and essential fatty acids to maintain high milk production and balanced body condition. However, there are significant problems in existing farming practices: during the cold season or when feed seasons change, the quality of roughage declines, and concentrate formulas are often not precisely designed for different growth stages. Feeds for calves often focus on basic energy supplementation and ignore the functional ingredients required for digestive system development, resulting in high diarrhea rates and slow growth. Feeds for adult lactating cows have problems with unreasonable nutritional ratios, such as insufficient rumen protein ratio and poor compatibility of fiber structure with rumen microorganisms, resulting in nutrient waste, large fluctuations in milk production, and even metabolic diseases.

[0004] There are two major defects in the current commercially available Holstein cow feed: first, the physiological characteristics of calves and adult cows are not distinguished. Calf feed lacks ingredients that promote intestinal development and immunity, and adult cow feed cannot meet the high lactation needs; second, the digestibility of feed raw materials is low. For example, the anti-nutritional factors of protein raw materials such as soybean meal are not completely removed, and the processing technology of energy raw materials such as corn is extensive, resulting in insufficient nutrient absorption efficiency, which not only increases breeding costs but also limits the improvement of dairy cow production performance.

[0005] Therefore, developing a special feed and a scientific feeding method for Holstein cows in different growth stages (especially the calf development period and adult lactation period) and optimizing the nutritional formula and processing technology to improve nutrient absorption efficiency, promote the healthy development of calves and stabilize the milk production of adult cows are of great practical significance for improving the efficiency of my country's dairy farming and ensuring the supply of dairy products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a roughage combination for calves and its application in improving pre-weaning growth performance. The present invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the present invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, α-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean cake, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving pre-weaning growth performance of calves of the present invention is synergistically enhanced by the mutual cooperation of four roughages of alfalfa, oats, corn silage, and bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid, and can effectively improve the pre-weaning growth performance of calves. Compared with the existing pre-weaning calf feed, the average daily weight gain and dry matter intake of the roughage combination are greatly improved. The roughage combination formula of the present invention can significantly improve the pre-weaning growth performance of calves and has excellent application prospects.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the following technical solutions are adopted: A roughage combination for calves comprises: alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean cake, calcium phosphate, premix and sodium chloride.

[0008] Furthermore, the roughage combination comprises, by dry matter mass, 4.0% - 6.0% alfalfa, 2.0% - 4.0% oats, 0.5% - 1.5% corn silage, 0.5% - 1.5% bagasse, 0.05% - 0.15% allicin, 0.4% - 0.6% attapulgite, 0.05% - 0.15% α-ketoglutaric acid, 52.0% - 58.0% corn, 7.0% - 9.0% barley husk, 4.3% - 6.3% wheat bran, 8.0% - 12.0% soybean meal, 6.0% - 10.0% soybean cake, 0.8% - 1.2% calcium phosphate, 0.8% - 1.2% premix, and 0.8% - 1.2% sodium chloride.

[0009] Furthermore, the roughage combination comprises the following proportions by dry matter mass: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.1% allicin, 0.5% attapulgite, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley husk, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.

[0010] Furthermore, the premix contains 500,000 IU of vitamin A, 11,000 IU of vitamin D3, 1,600 IU of vitamin E, 7.5 g of zinc (Zn), 2.5 g of manganese (Mn), 0.02 g of cobalt (Co), 0.03 g of iodine (I), 0.7 g of copper (Cu), 150 g of calcium (Ca), 25 g of phosphorus (P), 25 g of magnesium (Mg), and 1 g of antioxidant per kilogram, and the rest is carrier talc.

[0011] Furthermore, the oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the corn silage is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.

[0012] Furthermore, the corn has a DM content of 88.5%, a CP content of 9.2%, a CF content of 3.2%, an ADF content of 3.8%, and an NDF content of 9.8%; The barley bran has a DM content of 92.0%, a CP content of 15.5%, a CF content of 6.2%, an ADF content of 10.8%, and an NDF content of 11.8%; The wheat bran has a DM content of 88.2%, a CP content of 15.0%, a CF content of 9.0%, an ADF content of 11.0%, and an NDF content of 37.0%; The bagasse has a DM content of 90.5%, a CP content of 1.8%, a CF content of 45.0%, an ADF content of 32.0%, an NDF content of 55.0%, a lignin content of 21.0%, a soluble sugar content of 2.8%, and a humidity of 13.0% (after drying); The soybean cake has a DM content of 90.0%, a CP content of 45.0%, a CF content of 5.5%, an ADF content of 7.5%, an NDF content of 13.5%, a crude fat content of 1.5%, a lysine content of 2.6%, and a methionine content of 0.5%, and is heat-treated at 115° C. for more than 35 minutes to reduce the activity of a trypsin inhibitor; the residual amount of the trypsin inhibitor is ≤0.2 mg / g.

[0013] A method for processing a calf roughage combination comprises the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley husks, wheat bran, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio, pour them into a grinder and grind them thoroughly; obtain mixture A; pour mixture A into a blender and stir, add calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid to mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes; obtain mixture B; Step S2: cutting alfalfa, oat, and corn silage into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.

[0014] A use of a roughage combination for calves in improving growth performance before weaning, wherein the roughage combination is any one of the above-mentioned roughage combinations for calves or a roughage combination prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0015] Furthermore, the application method includes: Female Holstein calves are separated from their mothers immediately after birth and fed 4-6L of colostrum within 1-2 hours after birth; the selected calves are raised individually from the second day onwards and have free access to the roughage combination solid feed and water; a bucket containing the roughage combination solid feed is hung inside the cage, and two other buckets containing water and milk are hung outside and in front of the cage respectively; the bedding is sand and is replenished every two weeks; from the second day to the 56th day, the calves are fed milk once at 8:00 and 16:00 each day, 6L per day from the second day to the 14th day, 8L per day from the 15th day to the 42nd day, 6L per day from the 43rd day to the 49th day, and then 4L per day until weaning on the 56th day; during the entire feeding period from the second day to the 56th day, the calves continue to consume the roughage combination solid feed.

[0016] Furthermore, the initial body weight of the calf was 38.2 ± 2.1 kg.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The invention discloses a roughage combination for calves and application thereof in improving pre-weaning growth performance, belonging to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, α-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean cake, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving pre-weaning growth performance of calves of the invention achieves synergistic effect through the mutual coordination of four roughages of alfalfa, oats, corn silage, and bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid, thereby effectively improving pre-weaning growth performance of calves. Compared with existing pre-weaning calf feeds, the average daily weight gain and dry matter intake of the roughage combination formula of the invention are greatly improved. The roughage combination formula of the invention can significantly improve pre-weaning growth performance of calves and has excellent application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0021] Example 1: The present embodiment relates to a method for processing a roughage combination for improving the rumen health of pre-weaned calves, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley husks, wheat bran, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio, pour them into a grinder and grind them thoroughly; obtain mixture A; pour mixture A into a blender and stir, add calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid to mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes; obtain mixture B; Step S2: cutting alfalfa, oat, and corn silage into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.

[0022] According to the standard of calf initial weight of 38.2 ± 2.1 kg, 120 calves were selected and divided equally into 12 treatment groups, with 10 calves in each group; The feed formula of experimental group 1 was as follows: alfalfa 5%, oats 3%, corn silage 1%, bagasse 1%, allicin 0.1%, attapulgite 0.5%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the control group 1 was: 8% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.1% allicin, 0.5% attapulgite, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley husk, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride; The two groups were compared and fed the following feed formula: alfalfa 8%, corn silage 1%, bagasse 1%, allicin 0.1%, attapulgite 0.5%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the three comparison groups was as follows: alfalfa 5%, oats 4%, bagasse 1%, allicin 0.1%, attapulgite 0.5%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the four comparison groups was as follows: alfalfa 5%, oats 3%, corn silage 2%, allicin 0.1%, attapulgite 0.5%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, and sodium chloride 1%. The feed formula of the five comparison groups was as follows: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.5% attapulgite, 0.2% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley hulls, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride. The feed formula of the six comparison groups was as follows: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.6% allicin, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley husk, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride. The feed formula of the 7 groups was compared: alfalfa 5%, oats 3%, corn silage 1%, bagasse 1%, allicin 0.2%, attapulgite 0.5%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the 8 comparison groups was as follows: 8% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.5% attapulgite, 0.2% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley hulls, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride. The feed formula of the 9 comparison groups was as follows: alfalfa 8%, corn silage 1%, bagasse 1%, allicin 0.2%, attapulgite 0.5%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the 10 comparison groups was as follows: alfalfa 5%, oats 3%, bagasse 2%, allicin 0.6%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.1%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The feed formula of the comparison group 11 was: alfalfa 5%, oats 3%, corn silage 2%, allicin 0.2%, attapulgite 0.5%, corn 55%, barley husk 8%, wheat bran 5.3%, soybean meal 10%, soybean cake 8%, calcium phosphate 1%, premix 1%, sodium chloride 1%; The premix contains, per kilogram, 500,000 IU of vitamin A; 11,000 IU of vitamin D3; 1,600 IU of vitamin E; 7.5 g of zinc (Zn); 2.5 g of manganese (Mn); 0.02 g of cobalt (Co); 0.03 g of iodine (I); 0.7 g of copper (Cu); 150 g of calcium (Ca); 25 g of phosphorus (P); 25 g of magnesium (Mg); and 1 g of an antioxidant, with the remainder being talc powder as a carrier.

[0023] The oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the corn silage is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.

[0024] The corn has a DM content of 88.5%, a CP content of 9.2%, a CF content of 3.2%, an ADF content of 3.8%, and an NDF content of 9.8%; the barley bran has a DM content of 92.0%, a CP content of 15.5%, a CF content of 6.2%, an ADF content of 10.8%, and an NDF content of 11.8%; the wheat bran has a DM content of 88.2%, a CP content of 15.0%, a CF content of 9.0%, an ADF content of 11.0%, and an NDF content of 37.0%; the bagasse has a DM content of 90.5%, a CP content of 1.8%, a CF content of 45.0%, an ADF content of 32.0%, an NDF content of 55.0%, a lignin content of 21.0%, a soluble sugar content of 2.8%, and a humidity controlled at 13.0% (after drying).

[0025] The soybean cake has a DM content of 90.0%, a CP content of 45.0%, a CF content of 5.5%, an ADF content of 7.5%, an NDF content of 13.5%, a crude fat content of 1.5%, a lysine content of 2.6%, and a methionine content of 0.5%, and is heat-treated at 115° C. for more than 35 minutes to reduce trypsin inhibitor activity (residual amount ≤0.2 mg / g); The feed formula for treatment 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0026] Feeding method: Female Holstein calves were separated from their mothers immediately after birth, weighed for initial weight, and fed 4 liters of colostrum within 1 hour after birth. Selected calves were housed individually from day 2 onwards with free access to the roughage, solid feed, and water. Buckets of the roughage, solid feed, and water were hung inside the cages, while two buckets of water and milk were hung outside and in front of the cages, respectively. Bedding was sand, replenished every two weeks. From day 2 to day 56, calves were fed milk once a day at 8:00 and once a day at 16:00, 6 liters a day from day 2 to day 14, 8 liters a day from day 15 to day 42, 6 liters a day from day 43 to day 49, and then 4 liters a day until weaning on day 56. Throughout the nursing period from day 2 to day 56, calves consumed the roughage formula of the various treatment groups. Table 1 Feed formula for treatment 1

[0027] Index determination: 1. Average daily gain (ADG) (kg / d): Female Holstein calves were weighed immediately after birth when they were separated from their dams. All calves were weighed every two weeks for the first 10 weeks (days 1, 28, and 56), and their average daily gain (ADG) was calculated.

[0028] For Holstein calves, the average daily weight gain is calculated as follows: average daily weight gain = (final weight - initial weight) / number of days of feeding.

[0029] 2. Dry matter intake (TDMI) (kg / day): Female Holstein calves were separated from their dams immediately after birth, and their initial feed intake was recorded when they began consuming solid feeds (this value was considered 0 if they were initially completely dependent on breast milk). For the first 10 weeks (days 1, 28, and 56), daily feed samples were collected from all calves every two weeks. Dry matter content was determined after drying to a constant weight, and daily feed intake was calculated. This was then used to calculate the average daily dry matter intake over this period.

[0030] For Holstein calves, the formula for calculating average daily dry matter intake is: Average daily dry matter intake = (total dry matter intake cumulative value - initial dry matter intake) / statistical days.

[0031] The average daily weight gain ADG values of treatment group 1 and comparison group 11 are shown in Table 2; the average daily dry matter intake TDMI values of treatment group 1 and comparison group 11 are shown in Table 3 Table 2 Average daily weight gain ADG values of treatment group 1 and comparison group 11

[0032] Table 3 Average daily dry matter intake TDMI values of treatment group 1 and comparison group 11

[0033] It can be seen from the test group and the control group that according to the feed ratio of the present invention, that is, the feed formula of concentrate feed + alfalfa + oats + corn silage + bagasse + allicin + attapulgite + α-ketoglutaric acid, the average daily weight gain of the Holstein calves in the test group increased significantly. The feed with this formula can better improve the growth level of the calves and increase the average daily weight gain. The other control groups lack one or more components, and their average daily weight gain drops sharply. The feed formula of the present invention is indispensable. Alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite and α-ketoglutaric acid play a synergistic role in the concentrate feed. The synergistic effect of several substances greatly improves the growth level of the calves.

[0034] It can be seen from the test and control groups that the average daily dry matter intake of Holstein calves in the test group significantly increased under the feed formula of the present invention, namely, concentrate feed + alfalfa + oats + corn silage + bagasse + allicin + attapulgite + α-ketoglutaric acid. This formula of feed can effectively promote the calves' intake of dry matter and increase their feed intake level. In other control groups, due to the lack of one or more components, their average daily dry matter intake dropped sharply. This fully demonstrates that the feed formula of the present invention is an organic whole, and that alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid play a synergistic role in the concentrate feed. These substances work together to promote the calves' intake of dry matter, greatly improving their feed intake level, and thus having a positive impact on their growth and development.

[0035] In summary, the present invention discloses a roughage combination for calves and its application in improving pre-weaning growth performance, belonging to the field of animal husbandry. The roughage combination formula of the present invention comprises: alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, α-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean meal, soybean cake, calcium phosphate, premix, and sodium chloride. The roughage combination for improving pre-weaning growth performance of calves of the present invention is synergistically enhanced by the mutual coordination of four roughages of alfalfa, oats, corn silage, and bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid, and can effectively improve the pre-weaning growth performance of calves. Compared with the existing pre-weaning calf feed, the average daily weight gain and dry matter intake of the roughage combination formula of the present invention can significantly improve the pre-weaning growth performance of calves and has excellent application prospects.

[0036] At this point, those skilled in the art will recognize that, although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the present invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A roughage feed combination for calves, characterized in that: The roughage combination comprises: alfalfa, oats, corn silage, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, α-ketoglutaric acid, corn, barley husk, wheat bran, soybean cake, calcium phosphate, premix and sodium chloride.

2. A roughage feed combination for calves as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The roughage combination comprises the following proportions by dry matter mass: alfalfa 4.0% - 6.0%, oats 2.0% - 4.0%, corn silage 0.5% - 1.5%, bagasse 0.5% -1.5%, allicin 0.05% - 0.15%, attapulgite 0.4% - 0.6%, α-ketoglutaric acid 0.05% - 0.15%, corn 52.0% - 58.0%, barley hulls 7.0% - 9.0%, wheat bran 4.3% - 6.3%, soybean meal 8.0% - 12.0%, soybean cake 6.0% - 10.0%, calcium phosphate 0.8% - 1.2%, premix 0.8% - 1.2%, and sodium chloride 0.8% - 1.2%.

3. A roughage feed combination for calves as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The roughage combination is as follows in terms of dry matter mass: 5% alfalfa, 3% oats, 1% corn silage, 1% bagasse, 0.1% allicin, 0.5% attapulgite, 0.1% α-ketoglutaric acid, 55% corn, 8% barley husk, 5.3% wheat bran, 10% soybean meal, 8% soybean cake, 1% calcium phosphate, 1% premix, and 1% sodium chloride.

4. A roughage feed combination for calves according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The premix contains 500,000 IU of vitamin A, 11,000 IU of vitamin D3, 1,600 IU of vitamin E, 7.5 g of zinc, 2.5 g of manganese, 0.02 g of cobalt, 0.03 g of iodine, 0.7 g of copper, 150 g of calcium, 25 g of phosphorus, 25 g of magnesium, and 1 g of an antioxidant per kilogram, with the remainder being talc powder as a carrier.

5. A roughage feed combination for calves according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The oat hay is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; the alfalfa is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles; and the corn silage is in the form of 1.5-2 cm particles.

6. A roughage feed combination for calves according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The corn has a DM content of 88.5%, a CP content of 9.2%, a CF content of 3.2%, an ADF content of 3.8%, and an NDF content of 9.8%; The barley bran has a DM content of 92.0%, a CP content of 15.5%, a CF content of 6.2%, an ADF content of 10.8%, and an NDF content of 11.8%; The wheat bran has a DM content of 88.2%, a CP content of 15.0%, a CF content of 9.0%, an ADF content of 11.0%, and an NDF content of 37.0%; The bagasse has a DM content of 90.5%, a CP content of 1.8%, a CF content of 45.0%, an ADF content of 32.0%, an NDF content of 55.0%, a lignin content of 21.0%, a soluble sugar content of 2.8%, and a humidity controlled at 13.0%; The soybean cake has a DM content of 90.0%, a CP content of 45.0%, a CF content of 5.5%, an ADF content of 7.5%, an NDF content of 13.5%, a crude fat content of 1.5%, a lysine content of 2.6%, and a methionine content of 0.5%. The soybean cake is heat-treated at 115° C. for more than 35 minutes to reduce the activity of trypsin inhibitors, and the residual trypsin inhibitor content is ≤0.2 mg / g.

7. A method for processing a roughage combination for calves according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Weigh corn, barley husks, wheat bran, and soybean cake according to a weight ratio, pour them into a grinder and grind them thoroughly; obtain mixture A; pour mixture A into a blender and stir, add calcium phosphate, premix, sodium chloride, bagasse, allicin, attapulgite, and α-ketoglutaric acid to mixture A, and continue stirring for 30-60 minutes; obtain mixture B; Step S2: cutting alfalfa, oat, and corn silage into 1.5-2 cm particles; and mixing them evenly to obtain a mixture C; Step S3: Mix the mixture B obtained in step S1 and the mixture C obtained in step S2 and stir them evenly to obtain the roughage combination.

8. A use of a roughage combination for calves to improve pre-weaning growth performance, characterized in that: described The roughage combination is the calf roughage combination according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the roughage combination prepared according to claim 7.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The application method comprises: Female Holstein calves are separated from their mothers immediately after birth and fed 4-6L of colostrum within 1-2 hours after birth; selected calves are raised individually from the second day onwards and have free access to the roughage combination and water; a bucket containing the roughage combination is hung inside the cage, and two other buckets containing water and milk are hung outside and in front of the cage respectively; the bedding is sand and is replenished every two weeks; from the second day to the 56th day, the calves are fed milk once at 8:00 and 16:00 each day, 6L per day from the second day to the 14th day, 8L per day from the 15th day to the 42nd day, 6L per day from the 43rd day to the 49th day, and then 4L per day until weaning on the 56th day; during the entire feeding period from the second day to the 56th day, the calves continue to consume the roughage combination solid feed.

10. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that The initial body weight of the calves was 38.2 ± 2.1 kg.

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