Heavy haul railway frog welding device and welding method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of railway frog welding technology, and provides a heavy-haul railway frog welding device and welding method. The heavy-haul railway frog welding device includes a base, on which a clamping mechanism and an adjusting mechanism are detachably mounted. The clamping mechanism includes at least one clamping unit for fixing the frog, and the adjusting mechanism includes at least one adjusting unit for adjusting the frog's welding posture. This invention can achieve integrated, highly adaptable clamping of railway frogs, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the railway frog's posture, and active compensation for deformation during the welding process, thus possessing significant economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of railway frog welding, and more specifically, to a heavy-haul railway frog welding device and welding method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of heavy-haul railway transportation, frogs, as the core components of turnouts, bear enormous wheel-rail impact loads and wear, and their service conditions are extremely harsh. High-manganese steel frogs are widely used due to their excellent wear resistance and toughness, but defects are inevitable during the casting process or damage occurs after use. Welding repair is a key means to restore their geometric dimensions and service performance. However, heavy-haul railway frogs are large in size, complex in structure, and have high alloy content, and welding repair faces a series of major technical challenges. First, existing welding fixtures generally have positioning and clamping problems. Traditional fixed fixtures are difficult to adapt to different specifications of frogs or changes in the location of damage. It is difficult to balance clamping stability and ease of operation, and they often lack the ability to make multi-degree-of-freedom fine adjustments to the welding posture, resulting in poor accessibility of the weld position and difficulty in accurately controlling the welding torch angle. Secondly, the welding process of high-manganese steel involves significant local high temperatures and complex phase transformations, which easily generate severe welding thermal deformation and residual stress. Existing equipment lacks real-time monitoring and active compensation mechanisms for dynamic deformation during welding, resulting in out-of-tolerance key geometric dimensions of the turnout after welding, such as the straightness of the working edge of the frog, the profile of the wing rail, the throat size, and the control of harmful spaces, affecting the smoothness of the wheel-rail relationship and creating potential safety hazards for train operation. Furthermore, improper control of welding heat input or lax execution of preheating and post-heating processes can easily induce reheat cracks or embrittlement in the heat-affected zone, significantly reducing the fatigue life of the welded joint. In addition, traditional post-weld treatment often relies on experience, and the slow cooling and stress-relieving aging processes lack precise control, making it difficult to effectively eliminate residual stress, which can easily lead to early cracking failure under heavy cyclic loading. In summary, existing welding technologies and equipment generally suffer from systemic defects when repairing frogs on heavy-haul railways, including poor clamping adaptability, inflexible posture adjustment, passive control of welding deformation, crude thermal management, and incomplete elimination of residual stress. These defects lead to unstable repair quality, high rework rates, and a significantly shorter service life for repaired frogs compared to new ones, severely hindering the safety and economy of heavy-haul railway operations. There is an urgent need to develop a dedicated welding device and supporting process for heavy-haul railway frogs that integrates highly adaptable clamping, multi-degree-of-freedom precision posture adjustment, active deformation compensation during welding, and precise thermal management. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a welding device and welding method for heavy-duty railway frogs, aiming to solve the systemic defects in the prior art such as poor clamping adaptability, inflexible posture adjustment, passive control of welding deformation, rough management of thermal process, and incomplete elimination of residual stress during the welding process of railway frogs.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a heavy-haul railway frog welding device, including a base, on which a clamping mechanism and an adjusting mechanism are detachably mounted. The clamping mechanism includes a base plate detachably connected to the base, and a first bracket, a second bracket, a third bracket, and a fourth bracket are mounted on the base plate. A first clamping unit is mounted on the first bracket, a second clamping unit is mounted on the second bracket, a third clamping unit is mounted on the third bracket, and a fourth clamping unit is mounted on the fourth bracket. The first clamping unit includes a first pneumatic element and a second pneumatic element, and a first support element for supporting the first and second pneumatic elements. The second clamping unit includes a third pneumatic element and a fourth pneumatic element, and a second support element for supporting the third and fourth pneumatic elements. The third clamping unit includes a fifth pneumatic element, and a third support element for fixing the fifth pneumatic element. The fourth clamping unit includes a fourth support element for supporting the frog. The adjusting mechanism includes a first adjusting unit and a second adjusting unit symmetrically arranged axially and longitudinally. The system comprises a second adjustment unit, a third adjustment unit, and a fourth adjustment unit. The first and third adjustment units together achieve axial adjustment, while the second and fourth adjustment units together achieve lateral adjustment. Each adjustment unit includes a guide rail detachably connected to the base, a slider that slides with the guide rail, a fine-tuning mechanism fixed to the slider, and an actuator on the fine-tuning unit. The fine-tuning mechanism includes an adjustment dial and a connecting plate connected to the slider. One end of the connecting plate is provided with a rolling element, and the other end is provided with a stop element. An elastic element is provided between the connecting plate and the stop element. The adjustment mechanism also includes a fifth adjustment unit that cooperates with the rolling element. The fifth adjustment unit includes a sixth pneumatic element and an adjustment block. The adjustment block has symmetrically arranged recesses that contact the stop element. The clamping mechanism is used to fix the fork, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the fork's posture during the welding process.

[0005] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for welding heavy-haul railway frogs, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Frog clamping, the frog is fixed to the welding device by the clamping mechanism, specifically by the pneumatic components on the first clamping unit, the second clamping unit, the third clamping unit and the fourth clamping unit to fix the frog;

[0007] S2: Preheating. Arrange the preheating device around the weld, set the preheating temperature curve through the control system, and use a temperature measuring instrument to confirm that the entire area to be welded has uniformly reached the specified preheating temperature.

[0008] S3: Parameter setting: Based on the welding process qualification, set the optimal welding parameters, start the welding equipment, and carry out welding under the protection of shielding gas;

[0009] S4: Adjust attitude, control device based on and The displacement of the first, second, third, and fourth adjustment units is calculated and adjusted by the adjustment mechanism to adjust the attitude of the frog, where i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n. and Let be the bevel width of the i-th layer. This represents the remaining bevel depth. To determine the bevel angle after welding the i-th layer, This represents the angular deformation after welding the i-th layer;

[0010] S5: Complete the welding. Repeat steps S3 and S4, welding layer by layer according to the number of layers to be welded, until the welding is completed.

[0011] S6: Post-weld treatment. After welding, immediately start the slow cooling program to allow the weld area to cool slowly and evenly to the specified temperature. Perform low-temperature heat aging treatment on the weld and heat-affected zone to reduce residual stress.

[0012] S7: Inspection and handling. Inspect the appearance, damage, dimensions, hardness and other indicators of the welded parts. If they pass the inspection, they will proceed to the next process. If they fail, they will be reworked or scrapped.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0014] 1. Highly versatile and adaptable clamping system: Through a detachable base plate and four independent supports and corresponding clamping units, combined with multiple pneumatic and support components, it achieves stable and flexible clamping of heavy-duty forks with complex structures and varying sizes. The modular design of the number and position of clamping units allows it to adapt to the clamping needs of different fork models and damaged parts, solving the problem of poor versatility of traditional fixed clamps.

[0015] 2. Multi-degree-of-freedom precision attitude adjustment and dynamic deformation compensation capability: The adjustment units, symmetrically arranged in the axial direction (first and third units) and the transverse direction (second and fourth units), together with guide rails, sliders, fine-tuning mechanisms and actuators, provide precise multi-dimensional attitude adjustment functions. The key lies in the coordinated work of the fifth adjustment unit and the stop element, elastic element and rolling element in the fine-tuning mechanism. Combined with the control device, the algorithm dynamically calculates and actively compensates for welding thermal deformation based on real-time bevel parameters, effectively ensuring the accuracy of key geometric dimensions during and after welding.

[0016] 3. Modular and Maintainable Design: The clamping and adjustment mechanisms, along with their core components such as the base plate, supports, pneumatic elements, guide rail and slider assemblies, and fine-tuning mechanisms, all feature a detachable connection design, resulting in a simple structure. This modular structure facilitates quick replacement or adjustment of tooling configurations for different tasks, greatly simplifying equipment maintenance, component replacement, and future functional expansion, thus reducing long-term operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Referring to the accompanying drawings, the disclosure of this invention will become more readily understood. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 A perspective view of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 Another perspective view of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A top view of a heavy-haul railway frog welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 A perspective view of the clamping mechanism of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 5 A partial view of the clamping mechanism of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 6 A perspective view of the adjustment mechanism of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0024] Figure 7 A partial rear view of the adjustment mechanism of the heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 8 A partial front view of the adjustment mechanism of the heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 9 An isometric view of the adjustment mechanism of a heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 10 A front view of the fifth adjustment unit of the heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 11A perspective view of the fifth adjustment unit of the heavy-haul railway frog welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Reference numerals: Base 10, Clamping mechanism 20, Adjusting mechanism 30, Base plate 201, First bracket 202, Second bracket 203, Third bracket 204, Fourth bracket 205, First clamping unit 206, Second clamping unit 207, Third clamping unit 208, Fourth clamping unit 209, First pneumatic component 2061, Second pneumatic component 2062, First support component 2063, Third pneumatic component 2071, Fourth pneumatic component 2072, Second support component 2073, Fifth pneumatic component 2081, Third support component 2082, Fourth support component 2091, First adjusting unit 301, Second adjusting unit 302, Third adjusting unit 303, ... Fourth adjustment unit 304, fifth adjustment unit 305, guide rails 3011, 3021, 3031, 3041, sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, 3042, fine-tuning mechanism 3013, 3023, 3033, 3043, actuator 3014, 3024, 3034, 3044, rolling element 3015, 3025, 3035, 3045, stop element 3016, 3026, 3036, 3046, sixth pneumatic element 3051, adjustment block 3052, adjusting dial 30131, 30231, 30331, 30431, connecting plate 30132, 30232, 30332, 30432, recess 30521. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be construed as the entirety of this invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0031] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, and bottom mentioned or possibly used in this specification are defined relative to the structures shown in the accompanying drawings. They are relative concepts and may therefore vary depending on their location and usage. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3This paper illustrates a heavy-duty railway frog welding device, comprising a base 10 on which a clamping mechanism 20 and an adjusting mechanism 30 are detachably mounted. The clamping mechanism 20 includes at least one clamping unit for fixing the frog, and the adjusting mechanism 30 includes at least one adjusting unit for adjusting the frog's welding posture. In use, the railway frog is fixed using the clamping mechanism 20, and the adjusting mechanism 30 is used to gradually adjust the deformation of the frog after welding, facilitating control of the welding quality.

[0033] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The clamping mechanism 20 includes a base plate 201 detachably connected to the base 10. The base plate 201 is provided with a first bracket 202, a second bracket 203, a third bracket 204, and a fourth bracket 205. The first bracket 202 is provided with a first clamping unit 206, the second bracket 203 with a second clamping unit 207, the third bracket 204 with a third clamping unit 208, and the fourth bracket 205 with a fourth clamping unit 209. It should be noted that the clamping mechanism needs to be adaptable to different fork shapes. As the fork shape changes, its position and dimensions will change accordingly. Therefore, without making creative designs, merely modifying the position and dimensions of the clamping mechanism falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0034] In use, the first clamping unit 206, the second clamping unit 207, the third clamping unit 208, and the fourth clamping unit 209 are used to fix the fork onto the welding device, thus preparing for the welding operation and carrying out preliminary work.

[0035] Continue to refer to Figure 5 The first clamping unit 206 includes a first pneumatic element 2061 and a second pneumatic element 2062, and a first support element 2063 for supporting the first pneumatic element 2061 and the second pneumatic element 2062. The second clamping unit 207 includes a third pneumatic element 2071 and a fourth pneumatic element 2072, and a second support element 2073 for supporting the third pneumatic element 2071 and the fourth pneumatic element 2072. The third clamping unit 208 includes a fifth pneumatic element 2081 and a third support element 2082 for fixing the fifth pneumatic element 2081. The fourth clamping unit 209 includes a fourth support element 2091 for supporting the fork. It should be noted that the number and arrangement of the pneumatic elements are adjusted according to the actual operating conditions. Therefore, any increase in the number and position of the pneumatic elements without making creative designs falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0036] In use, the first pneumatic element 2061, the second pneumatic element 2062, the third pneumatic element 2071, the fourth pneumatic element 2072, the fifth pneumatic element 2081, and the fourth support element 2091 for supporting the fork are used to fix the fork. When the source is opened, the pneumatic element extends and applies pressure to the fork, fixing the fork through the support point.

[0037] Continue to refer to Figure 6 The adjustment mechanism 30 includes a first adjustment unit 301, a second adjustment unit 302, a third adjustment unit 303, and a fourth adjustment unit 304 arranged symmetrically in the axial and longitudinal directions. The first adjustment unit 301 and the third adjustment unit 303 together realize the axial adjustment, and the second adjustment unit 302 and the fourth adjustment unit 304 together realize the lateral adjustment.

[0038] Continue to refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The first adjustment unit 301, the second adjustment unit 302, the third adjustment unit 303, and the fourth adjustment unit 304 each include guide rails 3011, 3021, 3031, and 3041 detachably connected to the base 10, sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, and 3042 that slide in cooperation with the guide rails 3011, 3021, 3031, and 3041, fine-tuning mechanisms 3013, 3023, 3033, and 3043 fixed to the sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, and 3042, and actuators 3014, 3024, 3034, and 3044 disposed on the fine-tuning units 3013, 3023, 3033, and 3043. The guide rails 3011, 3021, 3031, and 3041 and the sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, and 3042 form a sliding fit, allowing them to move along the direction of the guide rails. In this invention, this mechanism is used for fine-tuning the frog's posture, specifically through the precise control of the fine-tuning unit to achieve the adjustment of the frog's posture.

[0039] Continue to refer to Figure 9The fine-tuning mechanism 3013, 3023, 3033, 3043 includes adjusting dials 30131, 30231, 30331, 30431 and connecting plates 30132, 30232, 30332, 30432 connected to sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, 3042. One end of the connecting plate 30132, 30232, 30332, 30432 is provided with rolling elements 3015, 3025, 3035, 3045, and the other end is provided with stop elements 3016, 3026, 3036, 3046. In use, rotating the adjustment dials 30131, 30231, 30331, and 30431 will cause the sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, and 3042 to move along the guide rails 3011, 3021, 3031, and 3041 by a certain amount of displacement. The specific amount of displacement can be precisely controlled by adjusting the scale on the adjustment dials 30131, 30231, 30331, and 30431.

[0040] Continue to refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The connecting plates 30132, 30232, 30332, 30432 are provided with elastic elements 3017, 3027, 3037, 3047 between them and the stop elements 3016, 3026, 3036, 3046. The adjustment mechanism 30 also includes a fifth adjustment unit 305 that cooperates with the rolling elements 3015, 3025, 3035, 3045. The fifth adjustment unit 305 includes a sixth pneumatic element 3051 and an adjustment block 3052. The adjustment block 3052 has symmetrically arranged recesses 30521, which contact the stop elements 3016, 3026, 3036, 3046. In use, the adjustment block 3052 of the fifth adjustment unit 305 is extended or retracted by pneumatic operation or by shutting off the air source. When the adjustment block 3052 retracts, the adjustment mechanism 30 applies pressure to the fork to adjust the fork's posture. When the adjustment block 3052 extends, the adjustment mechanism 30 does not apply pressure to the fork, which facilitates quick product removal.

[0041] In summary, the specific implementation of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: First, the first clamping unit 206, the second clamping unit 207, the third clamping unit 208, and the fourth clamping unit 209 are used to fix the fork onto the welding device, preparing for the welding operation and performing preliminary work; second, during the welding process, by rotating the adjusting dials 30131, 30231, 30331, and 30431, the sliders 3012, 3022, 3032, and 3042 can be moved along the guide rails 3011, 3022, 3032, and 3042. The movements of 021, 3031, and 3041 are always displacements. The displacement can be precisely controlled by adjusting the scales on the dials 30131, 30231, 30331, and 30431, thereby precisely controlling the attitude of the frog. Finally, after welding is completed, when the adjusting block 3052 extends, the adjusting mechanism 30 does not apply pressure to the frog, shuts off the air source, and the first clamping unit 206, the second clamping unit 207, the third clamping unit 208, and the fourth clamping unit 209 retract, and the frog is removed.

[0042] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for welding frogs on heavy-haul railways, including the following steps:

[0043] S1: Frog clamping, the frog is fixed to the welding device by the clamping mechanism 20, specifically by the pneumatic components on the first clamping unit 206, the second clamping unit 207, the third clamping unit 208 and the fourth clamping unit 209.

[0044] S2: Preheating. Arrange the preheating device around the weld, set the preheating temperature curve through the control system, and use a temperature measuring instrument to confirm that the entire area to be welded has uniformly reached the specified preheating temperature.

[0045] S3: Parameter setting: Based on the welding process qualification, set the optimal welding parameters, start the welding equipment, and carry out welding under the protection of shielding gas;

[0046] S4: Adjust attitude, control device based on and The calculation and adjustment mechanism 30 adjusts the displacement of the first adjustment unit 301, the second adjustment unit 302, the third adjustment unit 303, and the fourth adjustment unit 304 to adjust the attitude of the frog, where i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n. and The base is the bevel width of the i-th layer. This represents the remaining bevel depth. To determine the bevel angle after welding the i-th layer, This represents the angular deformation after welding the i-th layer;

[0047] S5: Complete the welding. Repeat steps S3 and S4, welding layer by layer according to the number of layers to be welded, until the welding is completed.

[0048] S6: Post-weld treatment. After welding, immediately start the slow cooling program to allow the weld area to cool slowly and evenly to the specified temperature. Perform low-temperature heat aging treatment on the weld and heat-affected zone to reduce residual stress.

[0049] S7: Inspection and handling. Inspect the appearance, damage, dimensions, hardness and other indicators of the welded parts. If they pass the inspection, they will proceed to the next process. If they fail, they will be reworked or scrapped.

[0050] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0051] 1. Highly versatile and adaptable clamping system: Through a detachable base plate and four independent supports and corresponding clamping units, combined with multiple pneumatic and support components, it achieves stable and flexible clamping of heavy-duty forks with complex structures and varying sizes. The modular design of the number and position of clamping units allows it to adapt to the clamping needs of different fork models and damaged parts, solving the problem of poor versatility of traditional fixed clamps.

[0052] 2. Multi-degree-of-freedom precision attitude adjustment and dynamic deformation compensation capability: The adjustment units, symmetrically arranged in the axial direction (first and third units) and the transverse direction (second and fourth units), together with guide rails, sliders, fine-tuning mechanisms and actuators, provide precise multi-dimensional attitude adjustment functions. The key lies in the coordinated work of the fifth adjustment unit and the stop element, elastic element and rolling element in the fine-tuning mechanism. Combined with the control device, the algorithm dynamically calculates and actively compensates for welding thermal deformation based on real-time bevel parameters, effectively ensuring the accuracy of key geometric dimensions during and after welding.

[0053] 3. Modular and Maintainable Design: The clamping and adjustment mechanisms, along with their core components such as the base plate, supports, pneumatic elements, guide rail and slider assemblies, and fine-tuning mechanisms, all feature a detachable connection design, resulting in a simple structure. This modular structure facilitates quick replacement or adjustment of tooling configurations for different tasks, greatly simplifying equipment maintenance, component replacement, and future functional expansion, thus reducing long-term operating costs.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above are merely for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention, wherein the various components are clearly shown or described to make the principles of the present invention easier to understand. Various modifications or variations can be easily made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that all such modifications or variations should be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding device for heavy-duty railway frogs, comprising a base (10), characterized in that, The base (10) is detachably provided with a clamping mechanism (20) and an adjusting mechanism (30). The clamping mechanism (20) includes a base plate (201) and a first bracket (202), a second bracket (203), a third bracket (204), and a fourth bracket (205) provided on the base plate (201). The first bracket (202) is provided with a first clamping unit (206), the second bracket (203) is provided with a second clamping unit (207), the third bracket (204) is provided with a third clamping unit (208), and the fourth bracket (205) is provided with a fourth clamping unit (209). The first clamping unit (206) includes a first pneumatic component (206). 1) and a second pneumatic element (2062), and a first support element (2063) for supporting the first pneumatic element (2061) and the second pneumatic element (2062), the second clamping unit (207) includes a third pneumatic element (2071) and a fourth pneumatic element (2072), and a second support element (2073) for supporting the third pneumatic element (2071) and the fourth pneumatic element (2072), the third clamping unit (208) includes a fifth pneumatic element (2081), and a third support element (2082) for fixing the fifth pneumatic element (2081), the fourth clamping unit (209) includes a fourth support element (2091) for supporting the fork;The adjustment mechanism (30) includes a first adjustment unit (301), a second adjustment unit (302), a third adjustment unit (303), and a fourth adjustment unit (304) arranged symmetrically in the axial and longitudinal directions. The first adjustment unit (301) and the third adjustment unit (303) jointly realize axial adjustment, and the second adjustment unit (302) and the fourth adjustment unit (304) jointly realize lateral adjustment. Each of the first adjustment unit (301), the second adjustment unit (302), the third adjustment unit (303), and the fourth adjustment unit (304) includes guide rails (3011, 3021, 3031) detachably connected to the base (10). 3041), sliders (3012, 3022, 3032, 3042) that slide in cooperation with guide rails (3011, 3021, 3031, 3041), a fine-tuning mechanism (3013, 3023, 3033, 3043) fixed on sliders (3012, 3022, 3032, 3042), and actuators (3014, 3024, 3034, 3044) disposed on fine-tuning mechanism (3013, 3023, 3033, 3043). The fine-tuning mechanism (3013, 3023, 3033, 3043) includes adjusting dials (30131, 30231, 30331, 3041). 0431) and connecting plates (30132, 30232, 30332, 30432) connected to sliders (3012, 3022, 3032, 3042), wherein one end of the connecting plates (30132, 30232, 30332, 30432) is provided with rolling elements (3015, 3025, 3035, 3045), and the other end is provided with stopping elements (3016, 3026, 3036, 3046), and an elastic element is provided between the connecting plates (30132, 30232, 30332, 30432) and the stopping elements (3016, 3026, 3036, 3046). 3017, 3027, 3037, 3047), the adjustment mechanism (30) further includes a fifth adjustment unit (305) cooperating with the rolling elements (3015, 3025, 3035, 3045), the fifth adjustment unit (305) includes a sixth pneumatic element (3051) and an adjustment block (3052), the adjustment block (3052) is symmetrically provided with recesses (30521), the recesses (30521) are in contact with the stop elements (3016, 3026, 3036, 3046), the clamping mechanism (20) is used to fix the frog, and the adjustment mechanism (30) is used to adjust the posture of the frog during the welding process.

2. A method for welding heavy-haul railway frogs, applied to the heavy-haul railway frog welding device described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Frog clamping, the frog is fixed on the welding device by clamping mechanism (20), specifically by pneumatic components on the first clamping unit (206), the second clamping unit (207), the third clamping unit (208), and the fourth clamping unit (209); S2: Preheating. Arrange the preheating device around the weld, set the preheating temperature curve through the control system, and use a temperature measuring instrument to confirm that the entire area to be welded has uniformly reached the specified preheating temperature. S3: Parameter setting: Based on the welding process qualification, set the optimal welding parameters, start the welding equipment, and carry out welding under the protection of shielding gas; S4: Adjust attitude, control device based on and The calculation adjustment mechanism (30) adjusts the displacement of the first adjustment unit (301), the second adjustment unit (302), the third adjustment unit (303), and the fourth adjustment unit (304) to adjust the attitude of the frog, where i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n. and Let be the bevel width of the i-th layer. This represents the remaining bevel depth. To determine the bevel angle after welding the i-th layer, This represents the angular deformation after welding the i-th layer; S5: Complete the welding. Repeat steps S3 and S4, welding layer by layer according to the number of layers to be welded, until the welding is completed. S6: Post-weld treatment. After welding, immediately start the slow cooling program to allow the weld area to cool slowly and evenly to the specified temperature. Perform low-temperature heat aging treatment on the weld and heat-affected zone to reduce residual stress. S7: Inspection and handling. Inspect the appearance, damage, dimensions, and hardness of the welded parts. If they are qualified, they will proceed to the next process. If they are not qualified, they will be reworked or scrapped.

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