Compartment environment control device and method based on liquid air and phase change cold storage coupling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cold chain transport vehicles, and particularly relates to a compartment environment control device and method based on liquid air and phase change cold storage coupling, and the device comprises a liquid air loop, an air circulation loop in a compartment and a temperature and humidity control system; the liquid air loop utilizes cold energy of liquid air in a gradient mode, a latent heat part is used for thermoelectric power generation, and a sensible heat part is matched with the phase change cold storage beam to be used for supplying cold energy in a compartment; and the dry air releasing the cold energy is used for regulating and controlling the humidity in the carriage. Circulating air in the compartment is sequentially cooled through the temperature difference power generation module, the heat exchanger and the phase change cold storage beam, the temperature stability is good, and meanwhile extra electric energy generated by the temperature difference power generation module is fed into the storage battery to be used in the vehicle. Dry air obtained after liquid air is subjected to two times of heat exchange is directly fed into the compartment to be used for adjusting the humidity, the problem of condensation or frosting caused by too high humidity of an existing cold chain transport vehicle can be remarkably solved, independent temperature and humidity control is achieved, and the quality of cold chain products is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cold chain transport vehicles, and in particular relates to a vehicle compartment environment control device and method based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage. Background Art

[0002] Cold chain transport vehicles are widely used across various industries, providing crucial support for food safety, pharmaceutical quality, and logistics efficiency. Traditional cold chain transport vehicle refrigeration systems utilize mechanical refrigeration, with the engine consuming fuel to power a compression refrigeration unit, which drives the refrigeration cycle. This refrigeration process consumes significant amounts of fuel, increasing transportation costs and vehicle exhaust emissions, exacerbating environmental pollution. Furthermore, traditional cold chain transport vehicles lack humidity control, leading to condensation in refrigerated trucks and frost in frozen trucks. Furthermore, the inability to precisely regulate temperature and humidity can compromise the quality of cold chain products.

[0003] Liquid air energy storage technology can be used to address the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar energy). By storing and releasing energy, it can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. Liquid air is typically stored at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of approximately -190°C, providing a strong cooling capacity. Furthermore, liquid air, composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, is water vapor-free and extremely dry, making it suitable for humidity control.

[0004] Phase change cold storage technology utilizes phase change materials (PCMs) to absorb or release large amounts of latent heat during their physical transitions, enabling energy storage and release. During periods of low electricity demand, the cold beams are charged with cold energy, using low-cost electricity to store cold energy. During operation, the PCMs release this cold energy to achieve a cooling effect. The PCMs maintain a relatively stable temperature during the phase change process, effectively controlling temperature fluctuations within the train compartment and meeting the stringent temperature requirements of perishable goods.

[0005] From the above analysis, it can be seen that applying liquid air energy storage technology and phase change cold storage technology to cold chain transport vehicles can reduce fuel consumption, reduce exhaust emissions, and thus alleviate environmental pollution. It can make full use of peak and valley electricity prices to reduce cold chain transportation costs and reduce temperature fluctuations in the vehicle compartment. In addition, the dry air after the liquid air phase change and heating is used to regulate the humidity in the cold chain transport compartment, which plays a very important role in improving the quality of cold chain products.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary for this application to provide a vehicle cabin environment control device and method based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle compartment environment control device and method based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage, which utilizes phase change cold storage beams to charge cold during low-power consumption periods and release cold during transportation, which can effectively control the temperature fluctuations in the vehicle compartment. The circulating air in the vehicle compartment is pre-cooled in stages using a thermoelectric power generation module and a heat exchanger, which avoids the large exergy loss caused by the direct heat exchange between ultra-low temperature liquid air and the circulating air in the vehicle compartment. At the same time, the extra electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation module is fed into the battery for use in the vehicle. The dry air after two heat exchanges of liquid air is directly fed into the vehicle compartment for humidity regulation, which can significantly improve the condensation or frost problems caused by excessive humidity in current cold chain transport vehicles, achieve independent control of temperature and humidity, and improve the quality of cold chain products.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage, comprising a liquid air circuit, an in-cabin air circulation circuit, and an independent temperature and humidity control system; The liquid air circuit utilizes the cold energy of the liquid air in a cascaded manner, wherein the latent heat is used for temperature difference power generation, and the sensible heat is used in conjunction with the phase change cold storage beam to supply cooling energy inside the vehicle compartment; the dry air after the cooling energy is released is used for humidity control inside the vehicle compartment; The air circulation loop in the cabin uses a variable speed circulating fan to drive the air flow, which first flows through the thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger for two pre-cooling, and then exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam for further cooling, which is used to control the temperature in the cabin; The temperature and humidity control system uses temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors to detect signals, controls the variable speed circulation fan, regulating valve and exhaust valve, and maintains the reasonable temperature and humidity and slightly positive pressure set in the vehicle compartment.

[0009] Furthermore, the liquid air circuit includes a liquid air storage tank, a first regulating valve, a thermoelectric power generation module, a heat exchanger, a second regulating valve, a uniform air supply duct, an exhaust valve and a battery; The output end of the liquid air storage tank is connected to the input end of the first regulating valve, the output end of the first regulating valve is connected to the input end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the thermoelectric power generation module, the output end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the input end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the heat exchanger, the output end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the second regulating valve, the output end of the second regulating valve is connected to the air inlet of the uniform air supply duct, the uniform air supply duct is located at the top of the vehicle compartment, and the drain valve is provided at the exhaust port of the uniform air supply duct; The power output terminal of the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the input terminal of the engine compartment battery; The liquid air in the liquid air storage tank enters the thermoelectric power generation module through the first regulating valve under the action of the pressure difference. The liquid air releases latent heat in the thermoelectric power generation module, undergoes a liquid-gas phase change process, and then enters the heat exchanger to release sensible heat. The liquid air is throttled and depressurized by the second regulating valve and enters the uniform air supply duct. Air is evenly supplied from the top to regulate the air humidity in the vehicle compartment. The electric energy generated by the temperature difference power generation module is stored in the engine compartment battery for use by DC power equipment.

[0010] Furthermore, the cabin air circulation circuit includes a temperature difference power generation circuit shared with the liquid air circuit. module, heat exchanger and uniform air supply duct, the air circulation loop in the carriage also includes a phase change cold storage beam, a return air outlet, a variable speed circulation fan and an air duct interlayer; The phase change cold storage beam is located inside the uniform air supply duct at the top of the vehicle compartment. The air duct interlayer is located at the front of the vehicle compartment. The high-temperature side flow channel of the thermoelectric power generation module is embedded in the air duct interlayer. The return air port is provided at the lower end of the air duct interlayer as an air treatment inlet. The heat exchanger is provided at the upper end of the air duct interlayer. The variable speed circulation fan is provided in the air duct interlayer to provide power for air circulation in the vehicle compartment. Driven by a variable-speed circulation fan, the air in the carriage is sucked into the air duct interlayer through the return air port, flows through the temperature difference power generation module and the heat exchanger in sequence for two pre-coolings, then enters the uniform air supply duct, exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam for further cooling, and is then sent into the carriage to regulate the air temperature in the carriage.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity control system includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor; the temperature sensor is connected to the variable speed circulation fan, the humidity sensor is arranged between the first regulating valve and the exhaust valve, and the pressure sensor is connected to the second regulating valve; The temperature sensor detection signal is transmitted to the control unit of the variable speed circulation fan, the humidity sensor detection signal is transmitted to the control units of the first regulating valve and the exhaust valve, and the pressure sensor detection signal is transmitted to the control unit of the second regulating valve; The temperature sensor detection signal is used to adjust the speed of the variable speed circulating fan, the humidity sensor detection signal is used to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve and control the opening and closing of the exhaust valve, and the pressure sensor detection signal is used to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve.

[0012] The present invention also provides a control method for a vehicle cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage, comprising the following steps: Driven by the variable-speed circulation fan, the air in the vehicle cabin is drawn into the air duct interlayer through the return air port, flows through the thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger in sequence for two pre-cooling cycles, then enters the uniform air supply duct, exchanges heat with the phase-change cold storage beam for further cooling, and is then delivered to the vehicle cabin to regulate the air temperature. The temperature sensor installed in the vehicle cabin transmits the detection signal to the control unit of the variable-speed circulation fan. The control unit compares the temperature detection value with the set value and issues a control signal to adjust the speed of the variable-speed circulation fan in real time, thereby controlling the cooling rate of the thermoelectric power generation module, heat exchanger, and phase-change cold storage beam, thereby ensuring that the air temperature in the vehicle cabin is within a reasonable range. S2. Liquid air in the liquid air storage tank enters the thermoelectric power generation module through the first regulating valve under the action of a pressure differential. The liquid air releases latent heat in the thermoelectric power generation module, undergoes a liquid-to-gas phase change process, then enters the heat exchanger to release sensible heat. The liquid air is throttled and depressurized by the second regulating valve and enters the uniform air supply duct, where air is evenly supplied from the top. The moisture-free and extremely dry nature of liquid air is utilized to regulate the air humidity within the vehicle cabin. The humidity sensor detection signal is transmitted to the control units of the first regulating valve and the drain valve. The control units compare the humidity detection value with the set value and issue control signals to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve and the opening and closing of the drain valve in real time, thereby ensuring that the air humidity within the vehicle cabin is within a reasonable range. The pressure sensor detection signal is transmitted to the control unit of the second regulating valve. The control unit compares the pressure detection value with the set value and issues a control signal to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve in real time. This ensures that the dry air after releasing the cooling energy has a flushing effect on the phase change cold storage beam, reducing condensation or frost on its surface, and ensures that the air pressure within the vehicle cabin is within a reasonable slightly positive pressure range.

[0013] As described above, compared with the prior art, the cabin environment control device and method based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts liquid air energy storage technology and phase change cold storage technology, which can promote the consumption of clean energy, optimize the load distribution and energy efficiency of the power grid, and reduce users' energy costs.

[0014] 2. The present invention uses liquid air and phase change cold storage instead of traditional mechanical refrigeration as the cold source, which has good temperature stability, can reduce fuel consumption and operating costs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and thus alleviate environmental pollution.

[0015] 3. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of liquid air being moisture-free and extremely dry to regulate the air humidity in the vehicle compartment, significantly improving the condensation or frost problem caused by excessive humidity in current cold chain transport vehicles and improving the quality of cold chain products.

[0016] 4. The present invention utilizes a thermoelectric power generation module and a heat exchanger to perform step-by-step cooling of the circulating air in the vehicle compartment, thereby avoiding the significant exergy losses caused by direct heat exchange between ultra-low temperature liquid air and the circulating air in the vehicle compartment. At the same time, the excess electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation module is fed into the battery for use within the vehicle.

[0017] 5. The present invention provides a feasible method and solution for realizing low-carbon, environmentally friendly and efficient cold chain transport vehicles.

[0018] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following is a detailed description in combination with the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0021] In the picture: 1-Liquid air storage tank, 2-First regulating valve, 3-Thermoelectric power generation module, 4-Heat exchanger, 5-Second regulating valve, 6-Uniform air supply duct, 7-Phase change cold storage beam, 8-Emptying valve, 9-Return air outlet, 10-Variable speed circulating fan, 11-Battery, 12-Temperature sensor, 13-Humidity sensor, 14-Pressure sensor, 15-Air duct interlayer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this specification and illustrate the principles of the present invention through examples. Other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from this detailed description. In the accompanying drawings, the same or similar components are represented by the same reference numerals in different figures.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 In order to achieve low-carbon, environmentally friendly and efficient cold chain transportation, effectively control temperature fluctuations in the car, and significantly improve the current condensation or frost problems caused by excessive humidity in the car, the present invention provides a car cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage to achieve the rational utilization of the latent heat, sensible heat and extreme drying characteristics of liquid air, which includes a liquid air circuit, an air circulation circuit in the car cabin and a temperature and humidity control system.

[0024] In this device, the liquid air circuit utilizes the cold energy of the liquid air in stages, with the latent heat used for power generation and the sensible heat used in conjunction with phase-change cold storage beams to cool the cabin. The dry air after releasing the cold energy is used to control the cabin's humidity. The cabin's air circulation loop utilizes a variable-speed circulating fan to drive air flow, which first flows through a thermoelectric power generation module and a heat exchanger for two pre-cooling steps. It then exchanges heat with the phase-change cold storage beams for further cooling, which is then used to control the cabin's temperature. The temperature and humidity control system uses signals from temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors to control the variable-speed circulating fan, regulating valve, and exhaust valve to maintain the desired temperature, humidity, and slightly positive pressure within the cabin.

[0025] The present invention can achieve the goals of independent temperature and humidity control of cold chain transport vehicles, cascade utilization of liquid air cooling energy, and low carbon and environmental protection.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage is provided. In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the solid line represents the liquid air pipeline, the dotted line represents the sensor detection signal transmission pipeline, and the dot-dash line represents the power transmission pipeline. The device includes: a liquid air circuit, an air circulation circuit in the vehicle cabin, and a temperature and humidity control system. The liquid air circuit includes a liquid air storage tank 1, a first regulating valve 2, a thermoelectric power generation module 3, a heat exchanger 4, a second regulating valve 5, a uniform air supply duct 6, a drain valve 8, and a battery 11. The output of the liquid air storage tank 1 is connected to the input of the first regulating valve 2, which is connected to the input of the low-temperature flow channel of the thermoelectric power generation module 3, which is connected to the input of the low-temperature flow channel of the heat exchanger 4, which is connected to the input of the second regulating valve 5, which is connected to the air inlet of the uniform air supply duct 6, located at the top of the vehicle compartment. The drain valve 8 is located at the exhaust port of the uniform air supply duct. The power output of the thermoelectric power generation module 3 is connected to the input of the battery 11 in the engine compartment.

[0027] Liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 1 flows through the first regulating valve 2 under pressure differential conditions and enters the thermoelectric power generation module 3. There, the liquid air releases latent heat, undergoes a liquid-to-gas phase transition, and then enters the heat exchanger 4, releasing sensible heat. The air is then throttled and depressurized by the second regulating valve 5 and enters the uniform air supply duct 6, where it is evenly distributed from the top, regulating the air humidity within the vehicle cabin. The electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation module 3 is stored in the engine compartment battery 11 for use by DC power devices.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, the cabin air circulation circuit includes: a temperature difference power generation module 3, a heat exchanger 4 and a uniform air supply duct 6 shared with the liquid air circuit, and the cabin air circulation circuit also includes a phase change cold storage beam 7, a return air port 9, a variable speed circulation fan 10 and an air duct interlayer 15; The phase-change cold storage beam 7 is located inside the uniform air supply duct 6 at the top of the vehicle compartment. The air duct interlayer 15 is located at the front of the vehicle compartment. The high-temperature side flow channel of the thermoelectric power generation module 3 is embedded in the air duct interlayer 15. The return air port 9 is located at the lower end of the air duct interlayer 15 as the inlet for air treatment. The heat exchanger 4 is located at the upper end of the air duct interlayer 15. The variable-speed circulation fan 10 is located in the air duct interlayer 15 to provide power for air circulation in the vehicle compartment. Driven by the variable-speed circulation fan 10, the air in the car is sucked into the air duct interlayer 15 through the return air port 9, flows through the temperature difference power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4 in sequence for two pre-coolings, and then enters the uniform air supply duct 6, exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam 7 for further cooling, and then is sent into the car to regulate the air temperature in the car.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the temperature and humidity control system includes: a temperature sensor 12, a humidity sensor 13 and a pressure sensor 14; the temperature sensor 12 is connected to the variable speed circulation fan 10, the humidity sensor 13 is provided between the first regulating valve 2 and the drain valve 8, and the pressure sensor 14 is connected to the second regulating valve 5; The detection signal of the temperature sensor 12 is transmitted to the control unit of the variable speed circulation fan 10, the detection signal of the humidity sensor 13 is transmitted to the control units of the first regulating valve 2 and the drain valve 8, and the detection signal of the pressure sensor 14 is transmitted to the control unit of the second regulating valve 5; The detection signal of the temperature sensor 12 is used to adjust the speed of the variable-speed circulation fan 10, the detection signal of the humidity sensor 13 is used to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve 2 and control the opening and closing of the exhaust valve 8, and the detection signal of the pressure sensor 14 is used to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve 5.

[0030] In the above embodiments, the heat exchangers involved in the thermoelectric power generation module 3, the heat exchanger 4 and the phase change cold storage beam 7 are all partition-type heat exchangers, and the heat exchange enhancement measures in the flow channel include but are not limited to fins, corrugated plates, microchannels, metal foam, etc.

[0031] In the above embodiment, the types of the uniform air supply duct 6 include but are not limited to variable air duct cross-sectional area, variable air outlet area, local throttling, orifice plate air supply, etc.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for controlling a cabin environment based on the coupling of liquid air and phase-change thermal storage is provided. In this embodiment, the method is implemented based on the cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase-change thermal storage described in the above embodiments. The temperature and humidity control method includes the following steps: S1. Driven by the variable-speed circulation fan 10, the air in the vehicle cabin is sucked into the air duct interlayer 15 through the return air port 9, flows through the thermoelectric power generation module 3 and the heat exchanger 4 in sequence for two pre-cooling cycles, then enters the uniform air supply duct 6, exchanges heat with the phase-change cold storage beam 7 for further cooling, and is then sent into the vehicle cabin to regulate the air temperature in the vehicle cabin. The temperature sensor 12 installed in the vehicle cabin transmits the detection signal to the control unit of the variable-speed circulation fan 10. The control unit compares the temperature detection value with the set value and sends a control signal to adjust the speed of the variable-speed circulation fan 10 in real time, thereby controlling the cooling rate of the thermoelectric power generation module 3, the heat exchanger 4, and the phase-change cold storage beam 7, thereby ensuring that the air temperature in the vehicle cabin is within a reasonable range. S2. The liquid air in the liquid air storage tank 1 enters the thermoelectric power generation module 3 through the first regulating valve 2 under the action of the pressure difference; the liquid air releases latent heat in the thermoelectric power generation module 3, undergoes a liquid-gas phase change process, and then enters the heat exchanger 4 to release sensible heat. It enters the uniform air supply duct 6 through the second regulating valve 5 for throttling and pressure reduction, and supplies air evenly from the top. The air humidity in the car is regulated by utilizing the characteristics of liquid air being moisture-free and extremely dry. The humidity sensor 13 transmits the detection signal to the control unit of the first regulating valve 2 and the emptying valve 8. The control unit adjusts the humidity according to the humidity detection value and the set value. Comparison is made, and a control signal is sent to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve 2 and the opening and closing of the drain valve 8 in real time, so as to ensure that the air humidity in the car is within a reasonable range; the pressure sensor 14 transmits the detection signal to the control unit of the second regulating valve 5, and the control unit compares the pressure detection value with the set value, and sends a control signal to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve 5 in real time. On the one hand, it ensures the flushing effect of the dry air after the release of cold on the phase change cold storage beam 7, reducing condensation or frost on its surface, and on the other hand, it ensures that the air pressure in the car is within a reasonable micro-positive pressure range.

[0033] In summary, the present invention utilizes a thermoelectric power generation module, a heat exchanger, and a phase-change cold storage beam to sequentially cool the circulating air within the vehicle compartment, achieving excellent temperature stability and avoiding the significant exergy losses associated with direct heat exchange between ultra-low-temperature liquid air and the circulating air within the vehicle compartment. Furthermore, the excess electricity generated by the thermoelectric power generation module is fed into a battery for use within the vehicle. The dried air, after undergoing two heat exchanges, is then directly fed into the vehicle compartment for humidity control. This significantly improves the condensation or frost formation currently associated with excessive humidity in cold chain transport vehicles, enabling independent control of temperature and humidity and enhancing the quality of cold chain products.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and changes can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and changes are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage, characterized in that: Including liquid air circuit, cabin air circulation circuit and temperature and humidity control system; The liquid air circuit utilizes the cold energy of the liquid air in a cascaded manner, wherein the latent heat is used for temperature difference power generation, and the sensible heat is used in conjunction with the phase change cold storage beam to supply cooling energy inside the vehicle compartment; the dry air after the cooling energy is released is used for humidity control inside the vehicle compartment; The air circulation loop in the cabin uses a variable speed circulating fan to drive the air flow, which first flows through the thermoelectric power generation module and heat exchanger for two pre-cooling, and then exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam for further cooling, which is used to control the temperature in the cabin; The temperature and humidity control system uses temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors to detect signals, controls the variable speed circulation fan, regulating valve and exhaust valve, and maintains the reasonable temperature and humidity and slightly positive pressure set in the vehicle compartment.

2. The vehicle cabin environment control device based on liquid air and phase change cold storage coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid air circuit comprises a liquid air storage tank (1), a first regulating valve (2), a temperature difference power generation module (3), a heat exchanger (4), a second regulating valve (5), a uniform air supply duct (6), an exhaust valve (8) and a battery (11); The output end of the liquid air storage tank (1) is connected to the input end of the first regulating valve (2), the output end of the first regulating valve (2) is connected to the input end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the temperature difference power generation module (3), the output end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the temperature difference power generation module (3) is connected to the input end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the heat exchanger (4), the output end of the low-temperature side flow channel of the heat exchanger (4) is connected to the input end of the second regulating valve (5), the output end of the second regulating valve (5) is connected to the air inlet of the uniform air supply duct (6), the uniform air supply duct (6) is located at the top of the vehicle compartment, and the drain valve (8) is provided at the air outlet of the uniform air supply duct (6); The power output end of the temperature difference power generation module (3) is connected to the input end of the engine compartment battery (11); The liquid air in the liquid air storage tank (1) enters the thermoelectric power generation module (3) through the first regulating valve (2) under the action of the pressure difference; the liquid air releases latent heat in the thermoelectric power generation module (3), undergoes a liquid-gas phase change process, and then enters the heat exchanger (4) to release sensible heat. The liquid air is throttled and depressurized by the second regulating valve (5) and enters the uniform air supply duct (6), where air is evenly supplied from the top to regulate the air humidity in the vehicle compartment; The electric energy generated by the temperature difference power generation module (3) is stored in the engine compartment battery (11) for use by DC power-consuming equipment.

3. The vehicle cabin environment control device based on liquid air and phase change cold storage coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cabin air circulation circuit includes a temperature difference power generation module (3), a heat exchanger (4), and a uniform air supply duct (6) shared with the liquid air circuit. The cabin air circulation circuit also includes a phase change cold storage beam (7), a return air port (9), a variable speed circulation fan (10), and an air duct interlayer (15); The phase change cold storage beam (7) is located inside the uniform air supply duct (6) at the top of the vehicle compartment, the air duct interlayer (15) is located at the front of the vehicle compartment, the high temperature side flow channel of the temperature difference power generation module (3) is embedded in the air duct interlayer (15), the return air port (9) is arranged at the lower end of the air duct interlayer (15) as an inlet for air treatment, the heat exchanger (4) is arranged at the upper end of the air duct interlayer (15), and the variable speed circulation fan (10) is arranged in the air duct interlayer (15) to provide power for air circulation in the vehicle compartment; Driven by the variable speed circulating fan (10), the air in the compartment is sucked into the air duct interlayer (15) through the return air port (9), flows through the temperature difference power generation module (3) and the heat exchanger (4) in sequence for two pre-coolings, then enters the uniform air supply duct (6), exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam (7) for further cooling, and then is sent into the compartment to regulate the air temperature in the compartment.

4. The vehicle cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control system comprises a temperature sensor (12), a humidity sensor (13) and a pressure sensor (14); the temperature sensor (12) is connected to the variable speed circulation fan (10), the humidity sensor (13) is arranged between the first regulating valve (2) and the drain valve (8), and the pressure sensor (14) is connected to the second regulating valve (5); The detection signal of the temperature sensor (12) is transmitted to the control unit of the variable speed circulating fan (10), the detection signal of the humidity sensor (13) is transmitted to the control units of the first regulating valve (2) and the drain valve (8), and the detection signal of the pressure sensor (14) is transmitted to the control unit of the second regulating valve (5); The detection signal of the temperature sensor (12) is used to adjust the speed of the variable-speed circulation fan (10), the detection signal of the humidity sensor (13) is used to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve (2) and control the opening and closing of the exhaust valve (8), and the detection signal of the pressure sensor (14) is used to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve (5).

5. The control method of the vehicle cabin environment control device based on the coupling of liquid air and phase change cold storage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The air in the vehicle compartment is driven by the variable speed circulation fan (10) and is sucked into the air duct interlayer (15) through the return air port (9). It flows through the temperature difference power generation module (3) and the heat exchanger (4) in sequence for two pre-coolings. The air then enters the uniform air supply duct (6), exchanges heat with the phase change cold storage beam (7) for further cooling, and is then sent into the vehicle compartment to regulate the air temperature in the vehicle compartment. The temperature sensor (12) provided in the vehicle compartment transmits a detection signal to the control unit of the variable speed circulation fan (10). The control unit compares the temperature detection value with the set value and sends a control signal to adjust the speed of the variable speed circulation fan (10) in real time, thereby controlling the cooling rate of the temperature difference power generation module (3), the heat exchanger (4), and the phase change cold storage beam (7), thereby ensuring that the air temperature in the vehicle compartment is within a reasonable range. S2. Liquid air in the liquid air storage tank (1) enters the temperature difference power generation module (3) through the first regulating valve (2) under the action of pressure difference; the liquid air releases latent heat in the temperature difference power generation module (3), undergoes a liquid-gas phase change process, and then enters the heat exchanger (4) to release sensible heat. It enters the uniform air supply duct (6) through the second regulating valve (5) for throttling and pressure reduction, and supplies air uniformly from the top. The air humidity in the vehicle compartment is regulated by utilizing the characteristics of liquid air being moisture-free and extremely dry. The humidity sensor (13) transmits a detection signal to the control unit of the first regulating valve (2) and the emptying valve (8). The control unit compares the humidity detection value with the set value and sends a control signal to adjust the opening of the first regulating valve (2) and the opening and closing of the emptying valve (8) in real time, thereby ensuring that the air humidity in the vehicle compartment is within a reasonable range. The pressure sensor (14) transmits a detection signal to the control unit of the second regulating valve (5). The control unit compares the pressure detection value with the set value and sends a control signal to adjust the opening of the second regulating valve (5) in real time.

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